课时跟踪检测 （八） Word power, Grammar and usage & Task
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The computer program was unable to discriminate (辨别) between letters and numbers.
2．I’ve come to the conclusion (结论) that he is not the right person for the job.
3．The government is providing an additional (额外的) ￡ 20 million to expand the service.
4．He was accused of discriminating (歧视) against woman employees.
5．They found him lying unconscious (昏迷的) on the floor.
6．To lose weight, I go jogging (慢跑) every evening.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He claims the new welfare laws discriminate against the poor.
2．He had to pay some additional (addition) charges because of some reasons.
3．The article concludes with the names and addresses of organizations that can help.
4．The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried (carry) out regularly, can improve our health.
5．Everyone will go through life’s stages of ups and downs, when self respect plays a key role in the maturity of a person.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．我从他们的评论中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。
I_concluded_from_their_remarks_that they were not in favour of the plan.
2．我努力改掉了粗心的坏习惯。
I tried to_break_the_bad_habit_of carelessness.
3．医生告诉他远离高脂肪的食物。
The doctor told him to_stay_away_from fat food.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
After a full roast turkey lunch, it is traditional to try to work off the calories with a long walk in the great outdoors. Now scientists have shown that “interacting with nature”， even in the middle of winter, boosts memory and concentration levels. In fact, just an hour walking through countryside increases the brain’s performance by a fifth. In contrast, a walk through busy streets, perhaps shopping for sales bargains, has no beneficial effect on the brain at all.
The research was carried out at the University of Michigan. One group was sent out on a 50 minute walk through streets lined with office buildings and busy with traffic while the other took a secluded, tree lined route. Afterwards the volunteers’ mental skills were assessed in a series of tests, and compared to their performance before setting off on the walks. Results showed that those who took the “nature route” increased their short term memory by 20 percent. But there were no changes for the better for those who walked down city streets.
It is thought that the countryside is “restorative” because it allows people to switch off, while walking in towns and cities requires attention.
Marc Berman, a researcher at the University of Michigan, pointed out walking in the wild can help cure mental fatigue (疲劳). “I would highly recommend going away for a little break in the country or simply going for a walk in a park in a town, ” he said. “Our research has shown that this really is not subjective — the effects on memory and attention are real.”
The research, published in the journal Psychological Science, also found memory and attention were increased after simply looking at pictures of nature rather than photos of built up areas.
Mr Berman added, “Interacting with nature can have similar effects as meditating (冥想). You don’t hear people say, ‘Well, I got really tired looking at this beautiful waterfall.’Nature does not make any demands of you.”
语篇解读：一项研究发现，在大自然中散步有助于人们缓解疲劳，改善大脑记忆力。
1．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Try not to walk down city streets.
B．Your brain performs best when you are relaxed.
C．Walking is a good way for relaxing.
D．Walking in the countryside is good for the brain.
解析：选D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过一项研究说明在大自然中散步的好处，故答案为D。
2．The underlined word “boosts” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “________”．
A．controls B．improves
C．examines D．contains
解析：选B 词义猜测题。根据后句中“...increases the brain’s performance by a fifth”可推断，答案为B。
3．What do we know about the research mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．Walking down city streets does no benefit to people’s mental skills.
B．All of the volunteers were from the University of Michigan.
C．The volunteers’ mental skills weren’t assessed before the test.
D．The more time a person walks in nature, the better his mental skills become.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段“But there were no changes for the better for those who walked down city streets”可推断，答案为A。
4．Which of the following statements would Marc Berman agree with
A．Walking in a park is not as good as walking in the countryside.
B．People had better live in the countryside instead of in the city.
C．Looking at pictures of nature is a simple way to increase attention.
D．Meditating is more effective against mental problems than interacting with nature.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第五段“...also found memory and attention were increased after simply looking at pictures of nature...”可知，答案为C。
Ⅴ.完形填空
She looked up at me sadly, her pain being unbearably obvious. I __1__her as she swam silently around the small pool. The top left corner of her yellow shell was __2__， and her flippers (鳍状肢) were filled with cuts and scars.
These __3__ creatures looked as though they were war heroes wounded in battle, but they were just a group of innocent sea turtles injured by __4__ humans.
Earlier that day, our students learned those endangered sea turtles were being __5__ all the time __6__ water pollution, litter, and careless boaters and fishermen. We were taught how to __7__ the deaths and injuries of this species and conserve our ocean life and environment.
I had been conscious of the damage our environment was suffering __8__ I had never truly been given the opportunity to __9__ the devastating (毁灭性的) effects of environmental destruction until I observed that __10__. Seeing a picture of these animals cannot truly sense the __11__ on their faces. Now that I have witnessed the __12__ caused by the pollution and people’s carelessness. I try to encourage my friends to __13__ their eating habit, which can __14__ our environment. We need to start saving our environment now __15__ it’s too late.
语篇解读：作者从一只受伤的小海龟说起，鼓励同伴们改变饮食习惯来保护环境。
1．A.recognized B．introduced
C．watched D．satisfied
解析：选C 根据语境，“我”看着她，她静静地在小池塘里游着。watch“观察；观看”，符合题意。
2．A.strange B．missing
C．shining D．complex
解析：选B 根据下文可知，这是只受伤的海龟。此处应该是指左上部的黄色外壳不见(missing)了。
3．A.troublesome B．rare
C．ugly D．unfortunate
解析：选D 根据上文语境可知这些受伤的生物是不幸的(unfortunate)。
4．A.skilful B．stubborn
C．intelligent D．careless
解析：选D 根据第三段中的“careless boaters and fishermen”可知，这是一群无辜的海龟，被粗心的(careless)人类伤害。
5．A.studied B．discovered
C．killed D．displayed
解析：选C 这些濒临灭绝的海龟因为(because of)水污染、乱丢垃圾、粗心大意的渔船和渔民而被杀(killed)。
6．A.because of B．in case of
C．in spite of D．apart from
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
7．A.report B．lessen
C．escape D．prove
解析：选B 根据常识，我们学会了如何减少这个物种的死亡和伤害，lessen为动词，意为“减少”。
8．A.so B．but
C．or D．and
解析：选B “我”已意识到我们的环境不断遭受伤害，但(but)“我”从来没有真正有机会看到(see)环境破坏后的毁灭性影响，直到看到那只海龟(turtle)。
9．A.see B．predict
C．prevent D．experience
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
10．A.boater B．fisherman
C．visitor D．turtle
解析：选D 参见第8题解析。第二段“sea turtles”亦是提示。
11．A.pain B．dirt
C．mask D．sign
解析：选A 看这些动物的照片不能真正地感觉它们遭受的痛苦(pain)。
12．A.worry B．harm
C．anger D．shame
解析：选B 既然“我”已经目睹了由污染和人们的疏忽造成的伤害(harm)。
13．A.mention B．form
C．change D．check
解析：选C “我”试图鼓励“我”的朋友改变(change)他们的饮食习惯。
14．A.describe B．witness
C．investigate D．benefit
解析：选D 这样做使环境受益。benefit“对……有好处”，符合题意。
15．A.unless B．before
C．while D．though
解析：选B 在为时未晚之前(before)，我们现在要开始拯救我们的环境。
Ⅵ.语法填空
We all have to eat. Eating can help us keep __1__ (health) and energetic (有活力的). Meals could be a chance __2__ (stop) what we’re doing and to spend time with the people we know in our lives. Of course, eating alone at home or at a restaurant can be __3__ very satisfying experience. However, could eating too many meals alone be bad for our health or influence our future __4__ (succeed)
A recent study suggests that __5__ (frequent) eating alone may make __6__ (we) develop poor eating habits and have poor food choices. For children, eating with their families is not only about preventing bad habits but it __7__ (be) also about developing good ones. Researchers say that teens __8__ have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what’s going on in their lives. They also say when they feel closer __9__ their parents, they are less likely to use drugs (毒品)．
If you find that many of your mealtimes are lonely events, experts at the Mental Health Foundation in the U．K. suggest __10__ (make) some small changes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了与家人多在一起吃饭的好处。
1．healthy keep healthy表示“保持健康”。
2．to stop 该空应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰a chance，故填to stop。
3．a 该空用不定冠词表示“一次”，故填a。
4．success 该空为宾语，所以用所给单词的名词形式，故填success。
5．frequently 该空用副词修饰动词，故填frequently。
6．us 该空作make的宾语，故填宾格us。
7．is 根据前半句的时态可知，此处用一般现在时。
8．who/that 该空为定语从句的关系词，先行词是teens，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。
9．to feel close to ...表示“感觉与……亲近”。
10．making suggest doing sth.表示“建议做某事”。课时跟踪检测 （九） Project
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．All that fresh air and exercise have given me an appetite(食欲)．
2．The product contains no artificial (人造的) colours or flavours.
3．We became trapped (陷入困境) by the rising flood water.
4．The family’s reaction (反应) to the news was always a combination of shock and joy.
5．After the accident, he could only suck (吸) liquids through a straw.
6．There was a dark stain (污点) on the carpet.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents’ reaction (react) will be to my poor examination result.
2．If the world becomes less unfair and people have better education, much of the poverty can be wiped out.
3．Some people may accept that excuse, but it won’t work with me.
4．By questioning cleverly they trapped him into admitting his crime.
5．It is reported that some dead wild animals were found hidden (hide) in a big cave in the mountain.
6．This will be extremely important work, and its success or failure will depend on whether we can find a lot of capable young people now.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．她擦干了眼泪继续工作。
She wiped_away_her_tears and went on with her work.
2．癌症正吞噬着他母亲的生命。
Cancer is_sucking_the_life out of his mother.
3．说话是人们交流的主要方式。
Speaking is the key way (that/in_which)_people_communicate.
4．他们很难说服这个老人戒烟。
They had_great_difficulty_(in)_persuading the old man to give up smoking.
5．我上周买了几本书，其中两本是关于中国建筑的。
I bought several books last week, two_of_which were about Chinese architecture.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
There is little doubt that humans used herbs (药草) for healing well before anything could be written about them.
Many authorities recognize Hippocrates as the “father of medicine” for the European tradition. The treatment of the Hippocratic physician reflected his fundamental approach. It was the treatment of an individual, not a disease, and the treatment of the whole body, not any part of it. Treatment was based on the fundamental idea that nature had a strong healing force of its own, and that the main role of the physician was to assist nature in this healing process, rather than to direct it. The main ally of the physician in assisting nature in this process was diet. Only if diet failed were drugs used, and surgery was a last resort.
The great philosopher Aristotle was the son of a medical man and a medical man himself, but his main influence on the development of European medicine was through his student, Theophrastus, called the “father of botany (植物学)”. He was the first known author in Europe of a classification system for plants with accompanying comments about their medicinal value. He described about 450 different medicinal plants. However, this text has not come down through history, and is only noted in later commentaries.
The first document of herbal medicine that is regarded as a medical classic in the European tradition was De Materia Medica by Dioscorides. Dioscorides was a surgeon accompanying the army. He traveled far, collected much information, and gained considerable medical experience. Dioscorides had recorded herb knowledge for 600 plants. The book’s pictures were considered the only authoritative ones for European medicinal plants for over 1, 000 years. The work was translated into English in 1655, and continued to be the primary reference on European herbs.
Greek medicine continued to improve for several decades after Dioscorides, but it eventually began to stagnate.
语篇解读：草药的使用在欧洲也有很长的历史，本文介绍了希腊医学史上的一些重要人物及著作。
1．The treatment of the Hippocratic physician________.
A．usually didn’t function well
B．was based on the healing power of nature
C．tended to replace diet with drugs
D．relied heavily on surgery
解析：选B 细节理解题。从第二段的“Treatment was based on the fundamental idea that nature had a strong healing force of its own, and that the main role of the physician was to assist nature in this healing process”可知B项正确。
2．What can we learn about Theophrastus from the passage
A．He was a student of Hippocrates.
B．He is known as the “father of medicine”．
C．He used a system to classify plants.
D．He wrote a text that was proved wrong by later generations.
解析：选C 细节理解题。从第三段的“He was the first known author in Europe of a classification system for plants ...”可知C项正确。
3．The underlined word “stagnate” in the last paragraph probably means “________.”
A．stop developing B．keep growing
C．enjoy fame D．reduce expenses
解析：选A 词义猜测题。从转折连词but和eventually可知事情向前一分句所描述的相反的方向发展了，前一分句说古希腊的医学持续发展，此处应该是表示“终止、停滞”之类的词语。
4．What is mainly discussed in the passage
A．The importance of herbs.
B．Important figures in the history of Greek medicine.
C．Important philosophers of Greece.
D．Useful medicinal books about herbs.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一些希腊医学史上的重要人物。
Ⅴ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The pursuit of happiness can be a lifelong search for some, but researchers believe they may have found a key factor in feeling a greater overall sense of well being.
Nottingham Trent University researchers found that the more an individual identified with a particular group, such as family, in their local community or through a hobby, the happier they were with their life.
“Our findings suggest that thinking more about one’s group life could have significant benefits for an overall sense of well being，” says Dr Juliet Wakefield, a psychologist at Nottingham Trent University.
“We tend to identify with groups that share our values, interests and life priorities, as well as those that support us in times of crisis, and we can see how this would link to happiness. Our work taps into knowledge that is deep within all of us. But we often forget it due to the fast paced and achievement focused nature of modern life. So, to be your best self, you tend to require the support of others.”
They studied how 4,000 participants felt connected to certain groups, and then measured the impact this had upon their levels of happiness.
She adds：“It’s important to note that identifying with a group isn’t the same as membership, though. You can be a member of a group with which you feel no connection at all. It’s that subjective sense of belonging that’s crucial for happiness.”
“Healthcare professionals should encourage people to join groups that they are interested in, or which promote their values and ideals, as well as advise people to maintain association with groups they already belong to. Simple social interventions such as this could in turn help to reduce NHS expenditure and prevent future ill health.”
参考范文：
The passage is about the secret of happiness. It’s found that individuals who feel a strong sense of belonging to social groups are much happier.(要点1) According to Juliet, people tend to require others’ support in hard days. (要点2) However, she stresses what really counts is the subjective sense of belonging to a group, not just membership. (要点3) Therefore, people are strongly advised to join beneficial groups or stay connected with groups they already belong to. (要点4)课时跟踪检测 （七） Welcome to the unit & Reading — Language points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The study is working towards the prevention (预防) of cancer.
2．I think I’ll have a bath (沐浴) and go to bed.
3．The truck skidded sideways (向一侧) across the road.
4．This medicine is not available without a prescription (处方)．
5．We need to put efficiency high on the agenda (日常工作事项)．
6．The lowest bid (投标) we received was ￡4, 000.
7．The police charged him with possession of a deadly (致命的) weapon.
8．She can’t help weeping (哭泣) for the loss of her husband.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Science has made great progress in the prevention (prevent) of many diseases.
2．One reason for her choosing this school is that she can have easy access to many teaching facilities.
3．Find ways to praise your children often, and you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.
4．There are a lot of old men dancing (dance) in the park.
5．Two people were bidding against each other for the mirror when I went in.
6．The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．他没有听医生的吩咐，又回去工作了。
Contrary_to the doctor’s instructions, he went back to work.
2．仅仅几分钟后，摄影师就到了现场。
Photographers arrived_on_the_scene just a few minutes later.
3．偶尔吃糖对孩子不会有什么害处。
Eating sweets occasionally isn’t_harmful_to children.
4．我那天请了假，因为我不想把感冒传染给全办公室的人。
I took the day off work because I didn’t want to pass_on my flu to everyone in the office.
5．5岁孩童中只有40%能享受学前教育。
Only 40% of 5 year olds have_access_to pre school education.
6．他对这次事故如此好奇，以至于他决定探寻与之有关的更多的信息。
So_curious_was_he about the accident that he decided to look for more information about it.
7．事故发生五分钟后，一辆救护车就抵达了现场。
Five minutes after the accident, an ambulance arrived_on_the_scene.
8．近年来，一些未受保护的陆地变成了沙漠。
In recent years, some unprotected land has_become_the_desert.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Do you love holidays but hate the increase in weight that follows You are not alone.
Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods.Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods.
With proper planning, though, it is possible to control your weight.The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much.You don’t have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy.The following suggestions may be of some help to you.
Don’t miss meals.Before you leave home for a feast (宴会), have a small, low fat snack.This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods.
Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables.
A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full.
Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough.
Better not have high fat foods.Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them.
Choose lean meat.Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.
If you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) and fruit.They don’t have fat content as cream and chocolate.
Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays.A 20 minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess calo ries (多余的热量)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何在假期里保持体重给出了饮食方面的建议。
1．Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may ________.
A．bring weight problems
B．bring you much trouble in your life
C．make you worried about your foods
D．make you hate delicious foods
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，假日是充满乐趣、品尝美食的快乐的日子，但是很多人担忧随之而来的体重问题，显然A项正确。
2．In order to really enjoy your holidays without putting on weight, you’d better ________.
A．drink much water and have vegetables only
B．not eat too much food in high fat
C．not accept invitations to feasts
D．turn away from delicious foods
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much.”以及倒数第四段中的“Better not have high fat foods.”可以看出，要想在假日快乐又不增加体重，最好别吃富含过多脂肪的食物。
3．According to the passage, ________ is a necessary part to stop you from putting on weight.
A．vegetables B．water
C．calories of energy D．physical exercise
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据常识可知蔬菜、水和热量不能阻止增加体重；结合最后一段“Don’t let exercise ...can help burn off excess calories (多余的热量)．”可知D项正确。
4．Many people can’t help putting on weight after the holidays because they ________.
A．can’t control themselves
B．go to too many feasts
C．enjoy delicious foods
D．can’t help turning away from the foods
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据作者所提建议推理可知，许多人因为不能自我控制，假期过后增加了体重。所以选择A项。
B
A pill that fights snoring (打鼾) could be the secret to a good night’s sleep for millions of couples. Initial results suggest the new drug could be the first pill to handle sleep apnea (呼吸暂停). It may also help reduce the risks of high blood pressure and heart disease linked with sleep apnea.
The condition occurs as a result of the narrowing of the airways. As sleep begins, the muscles in the airway relax. For most people this does not cause a problem, but for those with sleep apnea it leads to a complete loss of strength that stops breathing for at least ten seconds. Once the brain realizes breathing has stopped, it sends out a signal for the airway muscles to contract again.
Treatment normally begins with trying to lose weight. But many patients end up needing a treatment called CPAP, which includes wearing a special mask over the nose and mouth during sleep. Other equipment includes special dental splints (牙夹板), which are worn at night. These treatments are very effective but don’t actually cure the condition.
A pill is regarded by some experts as a perfect method of snoring treatment. The new drug, called Qnexa, was developed as a weight loss medicine. Researchers noticed an added benefit when they tested volunteers to measure the effects on sleep apnea. Over the course of the trial, which included men and women aged 30 to 65, the number of times their sleep was interrupted by snoring related problems dropped from an average of 46 times an hour to just 14. Meanwhile, they lost an average of 10 percent of their body weight and saw a great drop in blood pressure.
Professor Jim Horne said, “Around 50 percent of obese people suffer sleep apnea to some degree. When they lie down in bed, their muscles relax and the fat around their neck presses the airway even further. It’s possible this drug helps by causing weight loss or making the throat muscles tighter. We won’t know whether it’s beneficial to habitual snorers who aren’t overweight until more research has been carried out.”
语篇解读：科研人员近期研制出一种有希望能治疗打鼾的新药，该药还能减少睡眠呼吸暂停症引发的高血压及心脏疾病的风险。
5．According to the passage, the bad effects caused by snoring include ________.
a. breathlessness b. high blood pressure
c. heart disease d. tiredness
A．a, b, c B．a, b, d
C．b, c, d D．a, b, c, d
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段“...to handle sleep apnea和．..reduce the risks of high blood pressure and heart disease...”可知，答案为A。
6．Which of the following is considered to be the best treatment for snoring in the future
A．Trying to lose weight.
B．Using CPAP when sleeping.
C．Wearing dental splints at night.
D．Taking the new medicine Qnexa.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段“A pill is regarded by some experts as a perfect method of snoring treatment”可知，答案为D。
7．What can we infer from the passage
A．Taking one pill of Qnexa a day is able to prevent people from snoring.
B．In the test people who are slim experienced sleep apnea less.
C．Originally the researchers just expected Qnexa to help lose weight.
D．People, whether fat or thin, can’t avoid suffering sleep apnea.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段“The new drug, called Qnexa, was developed as a weight loss medicine”和下文内容可推断，答案为C。
8．This passage can most probably be found in ________.
A．a textbook B．a medical journal
C．an advertisement D．a novel
解析：选B 文章出处题。本文是一篇关于药物研究的科研文章，因此最有可能出现在医学期刊上，答案为B。
Ⅴ.阅读七选五
Large meals make people full and sleepy. __1__ We want our children to learn, not falling asleep at their desks, so let’s keep those lunches on the lighter side. You can do this if you provide them with a good breakfast.
By working beside your children and discussing what they eat for lunch, you are helping them understand the importance of whole foods and the avoidance of junk foods. __2__ As they get older these good habits will stay with them. They will learn that these types of food will help them feel better and look better; give them more energy. Try to let them see that the food choices they are making will help them feel so much better.
__3__ I know of one family that actually had the food pyramid on the wall of their kitchen and it helped their children pick out what foods they wanted. Everyone got a chance to decide what to eat, but they had to pick protein, vegetables and fruit. In addition, the mother had a book with recipes for healthy foods. __4__ So children knew what healthy foods they should choose.
Unlike today, when we grew up we played outside, rode our bikes, ran around, skated, and the list goes on and on. __5__ So in addition to the above healthy eating choices, you need to plan some activities for your children today other than the television or video games.
A．We didn’t have TV or computer games.
B．How are children helped to choose their food
C．You are helping them make smart informed choices.
D．Think what large meals do to your children at school.
E．What adults eat daily has a great effect on their children.
F．All of the recipes had pictures of what the food looked like.
G．The recipes for children should mainly include healthy foods.
语篇解读：父母要从小培养孩子们选择好的食物的习惯。孩子们养成了好习惯，长大了这些好习惯仍然会发挥作用。
1．选D D项与本空前后的“Large meals”和“our children, at their desks”相呼应。
2．选C 由本空后“As they get older these good habits will stay with them.”可知，前文讲你帮助你的孩子在食物上做出明智选择(培养好习惯)的好处。
3．选B 该段主要通过一个具体事例表明如何培养孩子选择好的食物的习惯。B项可作为本段主旨。
4．选F F项承上启下，说明孩子们怎样知道选择吃什么。
5．选A 前文讲过去的生活条件是多么差，A项符合这层意思。最后一句“the television or video games”也有提示。
