人教版（2019）必修第一册Unit 5 Languages Around the World 定语从句关系副词课件(共38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
Unit 5 Discovering Useful Structures
定语从句——关系副词
(where, when, why, prep.+which)
Learning objectives
In this section, you are going to:
learn the structure and usage of restrictive relative clauses;
use the restrictive relative clauses to make sentences.
What is an attribute
用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词或短语。
(1) a quality or feature of sb./sth.
(2) 定语（语法概念）
属性/特征
……的
1. an honest partner
2. a lonely teenager
3. the present building
4. an excellent basketball player
5. a river flowing through Qinghai province
6. a boy named Tom
一位诚实的搭档
一位孤单的青少年
现存的建筑物
一位优秀的篮球运动员
一条流经青海的河流
一位叫做汤姆的男孩
What is an attributive clause
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
The girl is Mary. The girl is standing there.
The girl who is standing there is Mary.
先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。
关系词： 引导定语从句的词。
先行词
关系词
The lady who is smiling is Taylor Swift.
关系代词指代先行词，
充当从句的主语
定语从句
先行词
What is an attributive clause
The lady is Taylor Swift.
The lady is smiling.
Jay Chou is a singer
comes from Taiwan.
Jay Chou is a singer
songs are popular.
Jay Chou likes Bubble tea
makes him happy.
who
whose
which/that
Jay Chou is a singer
I admire for many years.
whom/who
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose等。
引导定语从句的关系代词有三个作用：
1) 连接作用：把从句和它所修饰的内容连接起来；
2) 替代作用：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词；
3) 在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、定语。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
在复合句中, 修饰某一 _____ 或 _____ 的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫 _______ , 定语从句一般放在先行词的_____ , 引导定语从句的词叫做 _______。
先行词
后面
关系词
名词
代词
先行词
关系词
定语从句
+
+
指代先行词
连接主句和从句
在从句中充当成分
指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因
who whom that
which that
whose
where
when
why
关系代词
关系副词
Relative Words 关系词
（状语）
Enjoy the song and fill in the blanks.
When will my reflection show
何时我的倒影才能显示出
Who I am inside 真正的自我。
I am now in a world我此时身在一个世界，
Where I have to hide my heart
在这里我不得不掩饰我的内心世界。
And what I believe in 以及我所信仰的。
But somehow但无论如何，
I will show the world我将告诉这世界，
What’s inside my heart 我心中的秘密，
And beloved for whom I am我爱这样的我。
Must I pretend that难道我必须
I’m someone else for all time 一直都扮演一个非我的角色？
There’s a heart that must be free to fly
有一颗心需要自由飞翔，
That burns with a need
To know the reason why 它迫切地需要知道
must we all conceal what we think, how we feel
为何我们都得隐瞒自己在想什么，自己的真正感受
Must there be a secret of me难道有一个秘密，
I’m forced to hide 必须要我隐藏？
I won’t pretend that I’m someone else
For all time我不会一直去扮演另一个身份角色。
Lyrics
I am now in a world where I have to hide my heart.
To know the reason why we must all conceal (隐藏) what we think...
关系副词
Mulan would never forget the day ________ she joined the army.
when 引导定语从句时, 先行词为表示时间的名词 ( time, day, year, moment ), 关系词在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+________ 。
when
the day
on＋
二，关系副词引导的定语从句
which
Her father was old and weak. That was the reason ________ Mulan took the place of him.
why 引导定语从句时，先行词通常是reason , 关系副词在从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词+________ ”。
the reason
for＋
why
二，关系副词引导的定语从句
which
The battle field was the place ________ Mulan brought honor to her family.
where引导定语从句时, 先行词为表示地点的名词 (place, spot, house, room, city, town, country), 关系词在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+________ ”。
。
in＋
the place
where
二，关系副词引导的定语从句
which
Mulan’s country was in the situation ______ a war would break out at any time.
Mulan and the soldiers tried their best to change the situation ____________ worried the emperor a lot.
当先行词是一些表示抽象地点的名词，如situation, stage, point, case, position, condition等，定语从句缺少状语时用where引导。
where
which/that
二，关系副词引导的定语从句
二，关系副词引导的定语从句
when, where, why
1．when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I can never forget the day when I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
2．where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
He returned to the small town where he grew up.
他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
3．why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well. 不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。
关系副词 指代 在从句中充当的成分 例句
when The time when I arrived. was late at night.
where The factory where I worked. were 9 km from my home.
why The reason why I got a job. was because of my hard work.
关系副词
time
时间状语
place
reason
地点状语
原因状语
作状语，即从句成分齐全，不缺主，宾，表，定语。
1. Fill in the blank with where, when or why.
Practice
1. Is this the museum _____ the exhibition was held
2.Please tell me the reason _____you missed the plane.
3.I'll never forget the day_____ we met each other last week.
4. I still remember the night _____I first came to the house.
5. I don't know the reason he looks unhappy today.
why
where
when
when
why
Underline the restrictive relative clauses and circle the antecedents (先行词)
指原因
关系代词
指代事物
指时间
指地点
所属关系
指代人
关系副词
Restrictive relative clauses
Summary
who, whom, that
which, that
whose
where
when
why
=
介词 (in / on / at)
which
Once upon a time, there was a girl l.______ name was Hua Mulan. The country 2.______ Mulan and her family lived was under attack. That was the reason 3. ______Mulan joined the army for her father. Mulan had a very hard time 4. ______ she fought bravely on the battlefield. However, no matter how fierce the enemy was, Mulan stood up without any fear. She was an amazing girl 5.______ we all should learn from.
whose
where
why
when
that/who/whom
如何区分关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句：
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时, 关系词在定语从句中作状语时, 应用关系副词; 若关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语时, 则应用关系代词。
方法：分析从句句子成分
Tips：关系副词(when, where,why)的选取
1.当先行词指时间、或地点、或原因，
2.且在从句中充当状语时(即从句完整，不缺主语、宾语)，关系词选择相应的关系副词:
when(时间),
where（地点）,
why（原因）
判断先行词在从句中的成分，用正确的关系词填空。
This is the reason _______________ he went.
The reason _______________ he gave us was quite reasonable.
This is the place ____________ we visited last year.
This is the place ____________ he works.
That was the time ____________ he arrived.
Do you still remember the time ____________ we spent together
which/that
where
when
that/which
why/for which
that/which
定语从句三步解体法：
一、先找出主句；
二、确定先行词
三、判断关系词在从句中作的成分
定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词
关系代词
关系副词
指人
指物
that(主语/宾语), which(主语/宾语),who(主语/宾语), whom(宾语), whose(定语)
that(主语、宾语), which(主语、宾语), whose(定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
关系词在从句中做状语时，连接词有时可以用介词+which/whom来替换关系副词
二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句时, 关系副词也可用“介词+关系代词”代替。
1. 关系代词的确定
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中, 关系代词只能用which或whom, 先行词指物时, 用which; 先行词指人时, 用whom。
He is the man in whom you can believe.
(1)看介词与定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配。
He gave me some books with which I am not very familiar.
(2)看介词与先行词搭配。
This is our classroom in which there is a teacher’s desk.
The farm on which my father works is far from the town.
(3)根据句子的意思而定。
The soldier, without whom I wouldn't have survived the earthquake, retired last week.
2. 介词的确定
The patient whom she is looking after is her father.
并非所有介词都可以放到关系代词前
有些“动词+介词”被视为一个固定的词组, 不可分割, 这时不能把介词置于关系代词前, 如：look for, look after, pay attention to, take care of , look forward to, go through等。
The patient after whom she is looking is her father.
×
特别提示：
1. The film star ___________ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.
2. The West Lake _________ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful.
3. This is my glasses, ____________ I can’t see clearly.
about whom
for which
without which
用“介词+关系代词”填空
4. The reason _________ he could not go there was that his grades was too low.
5. Who is the person __________ you just shook hands
6. Could you tell me the day ________ you arrived
7. I will treasure the days ________ I lived here.
with whom
on which
in which
for which
II. 用适当的关系词填空。
Tai Dong is a small city in southeast Taiwan ________ I grew up. My family moved there from Taipei the summer ________ I was born. The house in ________ I grew up is on a main street in Tai Dong. My father sold tea, and my mother had a small restaurant across from our house. A cousin of mine ________ family I visited every summer lived with us.
when
where
whose
which
Exercises
Complete the passage with the correct relative adverbs or pronouns. Add a preposition where necessary.
When I started studying German, it was a struggle. The words felt strange on my tongue, and the grammar would not stay in my head. I told my mum that I wanted to give up, and that I would never live in a country _______________ German was spoken. My mum told me that studying a language was not just for my future. It was exercise for the brain; the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow. And I remember that day _______________ I suddenly felt like German was no longer a foreign language. It felt like my brain had doubled in size. I had finally come to a place _______________ I could think in this foreign language, and I could see the world from a different point of view. I felt as if I had reached the goal ___________ I had been fighting for. I could open a book and see meanings, not just a sea of words. I finally understood the reason _______________ my mum had encouraged me not to give up. Thanks, Mum!
where/in which
when/on which
where/at which
which/that
why
读句子，(1) 画出定语从句
(2) 找出先行词并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。
1. Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the
Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
where引导的定语从句修饰先行词one unified country，先行词在从句中作状语。
从句传达的信息为“the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction
in the unified country”。
2. Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’ s present is
connected with its past.
by which引导的定语从句补充说明先行词means，which指代先行词means，从句
传达的信息为“China’s present is connected with its past by an important means
(written Chinese)”。
3. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in
ancient times.
which引导的定语从句解释说明先行词the classic works，先行词在从句中作主语。
从句传达的信息为“the classic works were written by Chinese in ancient times”。
读句子，(1) 画出定语从句
(2) 找出先行词并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。
读句子，(1) 画出定语从句
(2) 找出先行词并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。
4. China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way
through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs.
which引导的定语从句解释说明先行词ancient civilisation，先行词在从句中作主
语。从句传达信息为“ancient civilisation has continued all the way through...”。
5. There are many reasons why this has been possible.
why引导的定语从句解释说明先行词reasons，先行词在从句中作状语。关系副词
why=for which，从句传达的信息为“this has been possible for many reasons”。
读句子，(1) 画出定语从句
(2) 找出先行词并阐明先行词在从句中的成分。
6. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and shells on
which symbols were carved.
on which引导的定语从句解释说明先行词bones and shells，which指代先行词
bones and shells，从句传达的信息是“symbols were carved on bones and shells”。
7. It was a time when people were divided geographically.
when引导的定语从句解释说明先行词time，先行词在从句中作状语。从句传达的
信息是“a time for people were divided geographically”。