2023届高考二轮总复习课件英语 （适用于老高考新教材） 专题二 七选五(共115张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2023届高考二轮总复习课件英语 （适用于老高考新教材） 专题二 七选五(共115张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-01-09 11:19:23 | ||
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(共115张PPT)
第一部分 阅读
专题二 七选五
英 语
2023
内容索引
NO.1 读文总策略 破解七选五必备3大策略
NO.2 题型微技法 提升七选五解题8大技法
NO.3 真题实战 经典对练拿高分
读文总策略 破解七选五
必备3大策略
NO.1
策略一 利用外在线索,缩小选项范围
句子在段落中的位置不同,所起的作用也不同。明确挖空特点和篇章结构,善用语篇标记信息,如小标题、主旨句、首段尾句和标点符号等,就能缩小选择范围,降低题目难度。
策略二 利用内在关系,确保解题正确
一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体,各部分之间存在一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看,句子之间常常有并列、递进、顺承、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系,有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此,理解七选五的阅读材料时,一定要把握文脉,弄清其中的逻辑关系。同时,考生也要注意文中的词汇线索,包括词汇复现,代词的指代关系等。
策略三 多维思考,提升读文速度
2022年1月浙江卷 主题语境:人与自我——完善自我
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do,but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day,and still feel happy and relaxed. 31
●Pick the most important.
32 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies,but don’t want the life of a big company CEO.My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
●Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends,family,work,play,etc. 33 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.Build your social life around people in your work environment.Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
● 34
You would think learning takes more time from you,but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks,freeing you up for the most important.Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
●Lighten up.
The world won’t come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone.Celebrate progress and keep refining(改进) toward a happy productive existence. 35 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A.Speed up.
B.Be an active learner.
C.Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D.Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E.The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F.Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G.This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
篇章结构
考情分析
1.文章长度:正文词数加上选项词数约300词。
2.主题语境:包含新课标中的全部主题语境,
以人与社会的主题居多。
3.设空均匀:一段一题(少于5段或某段较长,可一段两题)。
4.设空位置:文章首句一般不设空;段首主旨句或段落小标题(0—2题);段中过渡句和细节句(0—5题,重点考查);段末结论句(0—2题)。
5.选项特点:正确选项的主旨句能准确概括段落大意,过渡句和细节句前后语意衔接;干扰选项的主旨句以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡句或细节句上下句不连贯。
文体特点
以说明文为主,偶尔考议论文和记叙文。其文章多为“总—分”或“总—分—总”结构。
读文策略
第1步:速读全文,把握主旨。
第2步:看结构(设空位置),细读5个空前空后内容,画出关键词句。
第3步:找词语(词汇复现)析逻辑,比对选项。
第4步:代入选项,通读检查。
31.本空设在段末,是承上启下句。由空前的“make the most of every day,”可知作者能够充分利用时间,并且感到开心和放松,下文各段是作者就如何高效利用时间给出的几点建议,因此第31题选 。
32.本空设在段首,是段落主旨句。根据该部分小标题和空后内容可知,作者在本段强调要将时间用于自己认为最重要且想做的事情上,因此第32题选 。
33.本空设在段中,是承上启下句。根据该部分小标题和空后的“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.”可知,作者不建议把时间分开来进行多项活动,因此第33题选 。
F
D
D
34.本空为小标题,考查段落主旨。根据下文内容可知,本段主要介绍了与学习有关的内容,B项“做一个积极的学习者”能够概括段落主旨。选项中的“learner”与下文中的“learning”的对应关系也是提示。因此第34题选 。
35.本空设在段中,是承上启下句。根据空前的“Celebrate progress...a happy productive existence.” 和空后的 “Every completion”可知,空处内容应与列举或记录各项事物有关,因此第35题选 。
B
G
题型微技法 提升七选五解题8大技法
NO.2
聚焦命题明晰增分策略
研命题 透析高考真题,把握命题规律
年份 试卷 体裁 主题 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
2022 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 如何选择锻炼伙伴 0 4 1
全国乙卷 说明文 如何保持长久的友谊 3 1 1
全国甲卷 说明文 不同文化外出就餐的注意事项 1 3 1
年份 试卷 体裁 主题 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
2021 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 感悟巴黎人的与众不同 1 4 0
浙江卷 说明文 创建网站的过程及其现状 0 4 1
全国乙卷 说明文 如何做一个有趣的聚餐人 2 2 1
全国甲卷 说明文 通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法 1 4 0
年份 试卷 体裁 主题 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
2020 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 如何成为一名优秀的演讲者 1 3 1
全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 自我接受的小技巧 1 3 1
全国Ⅱ卷 说明文 工作中交流运用表情符号的好处 1 4 0
全国Ⅲ卷 说明文 乔迁派对的定义、习俗及来源 2 2 1
考情解读
1.选材特点:以说明文为主。话题与当代社会生活紧密相关,人文气息浓厚,引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。
2.文章结构:文章结构清晰,内容完整,适合考查段落标题、主旨句和过渡句等。篇章结构以“提出问题→解决问题”为主。
3.设空位置:以段中为主,主要考查:①主旨概括句②过渡性句子③注释性句子。
4.词数:正文词数200左右,选项词数100左右。
明策略 升华解题思维,考场有序增分
命题方式
以考查上下文逻辑关系为主,考查段落主旨句为辅。间或考查段尾的结论概括性语句。
解题步骤
1.略读全文抓大意 以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章,了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。一般只需花5—10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首句。
2.先看选项初判断 通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。
3.重点阅读上下句 可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或相关性来确定这两个句子之间的关联性,从而进行大胆预测。如果空出的是半句话,还要注意标点符号,并分析句子结构,然后做出判断。
4.观察结构缩小范围 通过观察语言结构可将选择范围大大缩小,一般可将7个选项缩小到2—3个选项,选对的概率大大提高。
选项特征
1.7个选项中有两个干扰项;
2.选项多为完整句子,句型不同,长短不一,排列由短到长;
3.有时需要填入半句话,句型多为主从结构或者并列结构。(2021年全国甲卷37题,2020年全国Ⅱ卷37题、40题)
类型一 利用外在线索解题
技法1关注段落小标题
(2021全国甲卷)
· 38 .They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 39 .Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
技巧点拨领悟解题之道
D.Just keep music playing throughout
E.Donate whatever clothes are left over
F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
设题特点
在一些文章中,有些段落由小标题引领,而设空处恰好是小标题的位置。其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同,认真阅读设空后的段落内容就能推断出小标题。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:由38题所在的位置可知,这是一个小标题。
第二步:根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their ‘new’ clothes home.” 说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition”说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服,其中的bring和下文中carry相对,都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词,并且其中“They”指代G项的everyone。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
G
技法2留意段首设空
(2020全国Ⅰ卷)
...
● 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you follow them Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made...
A.Feeling upset again
B.Where do you start
C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D.Remember,you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start
设题特点
1.段落主旨句:正确选项要有概括性,通常与空后第一句在内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的,在意义上是紧密衔接的。
2.承上启下句:非首段的第一句设空,正确选项要么承接上文,要么引起下文,能使上下段自然衔接。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:根据每段前的实心圆点来看,这是一个段落主旨句。再观察下一段首句 “Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made” 是祈使句,就应把范围缩小在D、E和F三个选项之间。
第二步:根据后面的 “Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.”,以及后面的两个问句“Why do you follow them Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs ” 可知,本段主要讲不要把自己和他人对比。F项的意思是 “停止把你自己与他人做比较。”
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
F
技法3关注段中设空
(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
The place wasn’t entirely authentic,though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment,the plumbing(水管)worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said,“Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered,and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.
设题特点
1.细节句:通常补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。
2.过渡句:通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的衔接关系,常见的逻辑关系有总分关系、解释关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系和例证关系。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:由37题的设空位置可知,此题设在段中,和前后文都有关。
第二步:空前一句讲到了“和通常的巴黎公寓不同,这里的水管可以使用”,空后一句讲到了“我们的公寓楼里甚至还有一部小电梯”,因此空处应与公寓或公寓楼有关。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
C
技法4关注段尾设空
(2021新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine,the speed at which you read probably does not matter very much.But if you have to read a great deal for study,you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. 36
●Before you open the book,make sure that you are comfortable.You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. 37
● 38 Look at the table of contents,the preface,the chapter heading,etc.This will help you do decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it.Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
C.This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D.Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E.Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
设题特点
1.总结句:设空在段尾时,通常是结论性、概括性语句,是对上文的概括总结。
2.段落过渡句:设空在非尾段的段尾时,也有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。
3.补充信息句:设空在段尾时,也有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明,这时要选择补充性的语句。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:由36题的设空位置可知,此题设在第一段的末尾,通常要引起下文。
第二步:空前的“But if you have to read a great deal for study,you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.” 提出,如果你必须为了学习而大量阅读,你就会体会到更快阅读的好处。而下文介绍了几种具体提高阅读速度的做法。因此,此处需填一个起承上启下作用的段落间的过渡句。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
D
技法5利用标点符号
(2022全国乙卷)
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways to sustain(保持) long-distance friendships.
...
·Don’t rely on technology alone
40 ,but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A.Remember important dates
B.Compensate by writing letters
C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
设题特点
不同于常见的要填一个完整的句子,有的设空处要填入一个非完整的句子。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:设空处后为逗号可知,这个设空处应填入一个从句、主句,或者并列句的一个分句。
第二步:分析语境与选项。根据空格后的but可知空格处是一个完整的分句。根据下文的“face-to-face time together whenever possible”可知,这里的意思是,虽然通过社交媒体保持联系很容易,但是面对面的聚会也非常有必要。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
F
类型二 利用内在关系解题
技法1词汇复现法
(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
...
Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago,they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
...
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
设题特点
词汇复现不是指词语的简单再现,而是指某个词语可能以不同的词类、词性、数、格、时态及语态等形式出现。有时也会以同义词或反义词的形式出现。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:设空处位于段中,属于上下文关联句。
第二步:分析语境与选项。通读本段可知,本段主要讲述了巴黎的饮食。与之表述在意义和语境上有重叠的是D项、E项和G项。结合设空前后出现的关键词great food,French strawberries以及flavor bombs等可知,G项 “食物是如此美味,你不需要太多就能使你快乐。” 符合语境。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
G
技法2代词线索法
(2022全国甲卷)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette(礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 36 .Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites,always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 .
...
A.The more friends you make in your lifetime
B.The more time you spend in any given country
C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D.Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E.It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
设题特点
代词的使用主要是为了避免重复,用于指代前面提到的人或物,有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或者概念,如it,they,this,these,that,those,one,ones,all等。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的判断。代词指代需要注意两种情况:一是选项中的代词,二是挖空后面的句子中出现的代词。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:留意选项和空前空后的代词。选项F中有两个代词them,选项C、E、G中都有代词it。them指代上文出现的复数名词;it指代单数名词或者一件事情,代词很多时候充当形式主语和形式宾语。第37题前有代词them。
第二步:根据第37题前的“The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites,always put them down together...”可知,句中的两个them都指代前面的复数名词chopsticks,这里提到吃饭间歇将筷子放下时,一定要并排放好,以便与你前面的桌子边缘保持平行,因此F项 “不要把它们(筷子)直立在食物中,也不要在使用时交叉放置”,符合语境。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
F
技法3逻辑关系法
(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
...
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
设题特点
文章段落之间、句子之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接或过渡,以使文章更加连贯、表达更加清楚,因此文章中表示各种逻辑关系的关联词在选择答案时都是很好的线索。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:设空处位于段中,属于上下文关联句。
第二步:分析语境与选项。根据下文的 “So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.” 可知,这里表示所以“我们”做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵的六楼公寓。据此可推测,设空处的内容与下一句之间构成了因果关系。F项 “我们的目的是看一下,在某种程度上,我们能否像真正的巴黎人那样生活。” 与下文能够形成因果关系。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
F
课堂应用
精练最新模拟题
Going to the zoo is an all-time favorite activity for children and families. 1 In order to make a decision,we must consider the arguments for and against keeping wild animals in zoos.
One benefit of zoos is that they are useful for educating people about animals.We can observe animals at close range and learn more about them than we can from books and the TV.It also provides an opportunity to promote the conservation of endangered species. 2 This helps them to come up with better ways of protecting animals from harm in their natural habitat.
On the other hand,keeping animals in zoos is similar to a prison sentence.Many zoos do not have large enough enclosures to keep animals comfortable.The animals have limited freedom to move about.We often see even the fierce lions lying passively in their enclosures just waiting for their next meal to be served.They suffer from stress and boredom. 3
Another thing we need to consider is the cost of maintaining a zoo.A lot of funds are needed to run a zoo.Money is needed to stock the zoo with all kinds of animals. 4 The animals need food and medical care.Special spaces need to be built to house each type of animals.More staff are needed to clean and maintain the zoo grounds.
5 If you want to see animals,I advise you to go on a safari.For conservation and research,set up sanctuaries like the Sepilok orangutan sanctuary in Sabah.It is kinder to leave the animals in their natural home—the wild.
A.This in turn causes animals to live shorter lives.
B.We have also heard about animals being mistreated.
C.However,some people argue against keeping wild animals in zoos.
D.They have to carry out research on the survival rate of this species.
E.Staff must be hired and trained to take care of each species of animals.
F.In addition,zoos allow scientists to study animal behavior more easily.
G.In conclusion,it is cruel and selfish to keep animals in an unnatural prison.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了是否应该将野生动物养在动物园里。
1.答案 C
解析 上文表明去动物园是儿童和家庭最喜爱的活动;C项意为“然而有些人反对将野生动物养在动物园。”承接了下文:为了做出决定,我们必须综合考虑支持和反对将野生动物养在动物园的情况。故选C项。
2. 答案 F
解析 根据上文信息“One benefit of zoos...We can observe animals...It also provides an opportunity to promote...”可知:该段讲述将野生动物养在动物园的好处。F项意为“而且有了动物园,科学家研究动物行为更容易。”承接了下文“This helps them to come up with better ways of protecting animals from harm in their natural habitat.”,故选F项。
3.答案 A
解析 根据该段首句 “On the other hand,keeping animals in zoos is similar to a prison sentence.”可知,该段讲述将野生动物养在动物园的坏处。凶猛的狮子躺在圈养地等人喂食,它们会承受压力和烦躁。A项意为“这反过来会影响它们的寿命。”符合语境,故选A项。
4. 答案 E
解析 E项“Staff must be hired and trained to take care of each species of animals.”承接下文“More staff are needed...”。故选 E项。
5. 答案 G
解析 该句是对全文“the arguments for and against keeping wild animals in zoos”的总结:把动物关在非自然的监狱里是残忍和自私的。下文举例:如果想看动物,可以去进行观赏野兽之旅。故选G项。
挑战外刊原创题
Do you know your neighbors According to a recent study,roughly a quarter of adults under 30 report that they don’t know any of their neighbors.
Learning how to be a kind neighbor is a skill that’s good to learn at a young age. 6 ,they are also applicable to the parents and adults in the room.
Get to know your neighbors.It may seem obvious,but getting to know your neighbors is the first step in becoming a kind neighbor. 7 And if you feel comfortable,let them know that you’re there to help,if they ever need another hand.
Make small kind gestures a daily practice.Another way to take care of your neighborhood,and to show your neighbors that you care,is by making small acts of kindness a daily practice. 8
9 It can feel so easy to just go home,close your door and turn on the TV without having to make small talk,but connecting with others is worth the effort.And if you take the first step,your small acts of kindness can encourage others to pay that kindness forward—making even more people feel good.
Meet and engage with different people. 10 ,but it isn’t always easy to balance this with conversations on safety and the so-called stranger danger.Being told you can’t trust the people around you doesn’t exactly inspire community,and children pick up on that.One way to combat(防止) this stranger danger outlook is by reaching out of your comfort zone and engaging with different people in your neighborhood alongside your kids.
A.While many of these tips are for young people
B.Remind yourself that being connected feels good.
C.Ask yourself why you feel uncomfortable and unsafe.
D.Encouraging your kids to communicate with your neighbors is important
E.Looking out for your neighbors is an important part of being in a community
F.This can be cleaning up litter or even cleaning up after the pets on your block.
G.Get out of your comfort zone and make an effort to learn their names and what they do for work.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。根据最近的一项研究,大约四分之一的30岁以下的成年人表示,他们不认识自己的邻居。文章主要介绍了几种与邻居相处的方式。全文为典型的总分结构。
6.答案 A
解析 此句为细节句。下文提到“they are also applicable to the parents and adults(他们也适用于家长和成年人)”可知,此处是与家长和成年人相对的“适用于年轻人”。故选A项。
7. 答案 G
解析 此句为细节句。根据本段的主题句“Get to know your neighbors.”可知,此段主要讲述如何了解你的邻居。而G项“走出你的舒适区,努力记住他们的名字和他们的工作。”正是了解邻居的方法,故选G项。
8. 答案 F
解析 此句为细节句。上文说另一种关照你的邻居,并向你的邻居表明你关心他们的方法是每天做一些善意的小事。分析选项可知,“清理垃圾,甚至是清理宠物的排泄物。”符合要求,故选F项。
9.答案 B
解析 此句为主旨句。下文说与他人交流是值得的。如果你迈出了第一步,你的小善举可以鼓励别人继续付出,让更多的人感觉良好。这里是“提醒自己和别人在一起感觉良好”,故选B项。
10.答案 D
解析 此句为过渡句。根据本段的主题句“与不同的人见面并接触”及下文“但它并不总是容易平衡这与安全对话和所谓的陌生人的危险”可知,此处为过渡句,“鼓励你的孩子和你的邻居交流是很重要的”,故选D项。
真题实战 经典对练拿高分
NO.3
Group 1
A
(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”. One reason was:“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read:“ 1 ” With a workout partner,you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.
So,how do you find a workout partner
First of all,decide what you want from that person. 2 Or do you just want to be physically fit,able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media,but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 3 If you plan on working out in a gym,that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do,how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session,and her age.It also listed her favorite sports and activities,and provided her phone number. 4
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 5 Over time,both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何选择锻炼伙伴。
1.答案 C
解析 此句为过渡句。上文提到其中的一个原因“如果你知道有人在健身房等你,你就会在那儿出现”,结合空格前面的“another read”可知,空格处应为另一个原因。C项“如果你和别人一起训练,你会更加努力。”可起到承上启下的作用。
2.答案 D
解析 此句为细节句。根据下文的“Or do you just want to be physically fit,able to move with strength and flexibility ”可知,所填的句子也应该是一个一般疑问句。D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动中成为一名更好的运动员吗 ”可以和下文构成选择关系。
3.答案 B
解析 此句为细节句。根据空格后面的“If you plan on working out in a gym,that person must belong to the same gym.”可知,B项“锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。”可引出下文。
4. 答案 G
解析 此句为总结句。根据上文的“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do,...”可知,本段的内容和notice有关,该词也是解题的关键。G项“任何针对锻炼伙伴的通知都应包括此类信息。”可作为对该段的总结。其中notice为同词复现。
5. 答案 F
解析 此句为过渡句。根据本段的主题句“You and your partner will probably have different skills.( 你和你的伙伴可能会有不同的技能。)”可知,F项“接受你们的不同,学会相互合作。”可承接上文。其中different和difference是同根词复现。
B
(2021浙江卷)
You’ve got mail...and it’s a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes,a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer,loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum.Or Africa’s Victoria Falls.Or China’s Great Wall. 1
“I often send postcards to family and friends,” he says to China Daily,“but you can imagine that after a while,you never receive as many as you send,and you realize that not everyone is into it. 2 ” Seeking other like-minded souls,however,Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place:online.
Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service,but Paulo’s hunch (直觉) paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website ,a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 3 Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a barrier for many people.For postcrossing to work worldwide,a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other.As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese,the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. 4 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken.
“Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 5 That said,we know of many postcrossing members,including Chinese,who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing,” Paulo says.
A.And that’s totally fine.
B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C.He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D.Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E.On August 5,the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F.Similarly,if you speak only Chinese,receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G.In short,he loves postcards,and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。葡萄牙人Paulo喜欢收集和欣赏来自世界各地的明信片。为此,他专门创建了一个网站,通过网络的力量发展传播自己的爱好,并结识了很多志同道合的人们。
1. 答案 G
解析 此句为总结句。文中提到Paulo喜欢收集和欣赏来自世界各地的明信片。所填的句子位于段尾,对上述内容进行总结概括。G项“总之,他喜欢明信片,享受那种得到来自远方的人的一张手写纸条的兴奋感”符合语境。故选G项。
2.答案 A
解析 此句为过渡句。根据Paulo所说的话“but you can imagine that after a while,you never receive as many as you send,and you realize that not everyone is into it.”可知,并不是所有的人都像Paulo一样积极热情地发送明信片,但对于Paulo而言,这完全没问题,因为下文提到Paulo想出了解决问题的办法。故选A项。
3. 答案 E
解析 此句为细节句。根据“Today his hobby has developed into the website ,a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago.”可知,此处用数字来说明Paulo创办的这个网站非常成功。故选E项。
4. 答案 F
解析 此句为过渡句。上文“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese,the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it.”提到不懂中文的人收到写有中文的明信片,对上面的概念一无所知。此处说明,同样的道理,如果你只会讲中文,收到瑞典语写的卡片也会失去一部分乐趣。故选F项。
5.答案 B
解析 此句为过渡句。上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.”中提到很多中国人接触英语的机会有限,此处承接上文,说明带来的后果是“学习和练习英语更加困难”。故选B项。
Group 2
A
(2021浙江1月卷)
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water.You get what you need,head to the front,and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong.People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. 1
It turns out,it’s just math working against you;chances are,the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. 2 Any small interruption—a price check,a chatty customer—can have downstream effects,holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store,delays will happen randomly at different registers.Think about the probability: 3 So it’s not just in your mind:Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.Make all customers stand in one long,snaking line—called a serpentine line—and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 4 This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants.With a serpentine line,a long delay at one register won’t unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.Instead,it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
5 It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly,and some stores can’t afford the space or manpower.So wherever your next wait may be:Good luck.
A.Why does this always seem to happen to you
B.So why don’t most places encourage serpentine lines
C.Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D.The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line
F.With three registers,this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes,as on a Sunday afternoon,the system gets particularly busy.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了杂货店结账时的传统排队方式和研究人员提出的快速结账新方式——排成一条蛇形队,并分析了各自的利弊。
1.答案 A
解析 根据前面的“You chose wrong.”和下文中的“chances are,the other line really is faster”可知,此处应该是对你总是选错提出疑惑,故A项“为什么这种事总是发生在你身上 ”符合语境。
2. 答案G
解析 根据前面的“杂货店尽量让员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延缓完成结账”和后面的“任何一个小小的干扰都会造成队伍结账速度的延缓”可知,现实情况有时并不完全如杂货店所愿,故G项“但有时,比如在周日下午,结账系统会特别繁忙”符合语境。
3.答案 D
解析 根据前面的“If there are three lines in the store”和“Think about the probability”可知,D项“你所排的队伍最快的概率只有三分之一。”符合语境。解答此题的关键是前面的“the probability”,此处是对“probability”的详细说明。
4. 答案 F
解析 本段首句“研究人员有一个很好的方法来解决这个问题”是段落主题句,后面的段落内容是对这一方法的详细说明。结合前面的“all customers stand in one long,snaking line”和“serve each person at the front with the next available register”可知,此处应该是这一方法的好处,故F项“由于有三个收银机,这种方法比传统方法快得多”符合语境。后面的代词This 指代的就是这一具体做法。
5.答案 B
解析 上一段说明了排蛇形队的好处,结合本段空格后面的“要保持一条结账队伍的快速运转需要很多收银机,而且有些商店负担不起很多收银机所占的空间和所需的人力。”可知,此处应该是提出一个问题,故B项“那么为什么大多数地方并不鼓励排蛇形队呢 ”符合语境,起承上启下的作用。
B
(2021北京卷)
Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 1 The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued.Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.
2 However,for the same reason,music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting (分心)the mind from the pain,music,people say,can lower stress and anxiety levels.This,of course,can lead to less pain.
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 3 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed,the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly,according to researchers,listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels,through the lowering of stress and anxiety.
When it comes to heart health,there is speculation (推测)that it’s not the style of music,but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.In one European study,participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 4 On the other hand,when the music slowed,the participants’ stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.
5 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for,which is what makes music so valuable.
A.This feeling can also result in many other health problems.
B.Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.
C.This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.
D.They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.
E.The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.
F.It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.
G.Interestingly,the more cheerful the music was,the faster their heart rates were.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了听音乐会促进我们的心理健康,对我们的身心有很大的益处。
1. 答案 F
解析 考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了对许多人来说音乐长期以来被认为是一种令人愉悦的消遣方式,空后一句讲到音乐对心理健康的益处是不容置疑的,所以空处应与音乐对于心理健康的益处有关,因此F项符合语境。
2.答案 B
解析 考查上下文衔接。根据空后讲到的 “然而,出于相同的理由,如果有人痛苦难耐,音乐是非常有益的”和“However”一词可推知,空处讲到的应该是音乐的坏处,因此B项符合语境。
3.答案 D
解析 考查上下文衔接。本段第一句讲到了很多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听舒缓的音乐,空后讲到了这种观念的有效性仍待评估,因此空处讲到的应该是晚上睡觉前听音乐的好处,因此D项符合语境。
4. 答案 G
解析 考查上下文衔接。结合语境可知,此处讲到的是一项研究,所以空处讲到的应该是参与者的研究表现,且空后一句讲到了当音乐的速度减慢时,他们的压力和焦虑水平会变得较低,对心率的影响似乎也变小了。由此可推知,空处讲到的应该是音乐较快时的表现,因此G项符合语境。
5. 答案 E
解析 考查上下文衔接。结合空后讲到将收音机开大音量可能对其他一系列健康问题有益可知,空处讲到的应该是音乐的好处,因此E项符合语境。
Group 3
A
(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 1 Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting,relaxed and comfortable.Too often,when you stand up to give a speech,you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”. 2 Focus on the speaking.Talk directly to your audience,be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes.Yet,the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.People’s attention wanders constantly.In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.So,don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 3
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 4 And like everything else in life,that takes practice.Remember,even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
5 It’s rare to hear someone say,“I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand,you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought,“I’m glad that talk is over.It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience.Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A.Do the opposite.
B.You want to be an effective public speaker.
C.You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D.When it comes to public speaking,less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.
G.However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何成为一名受人欢迎的演讲者给出了一些建议,即注意和听众互动,在有错误时应继续往下讲,不断练习等。
1. 答案 G
解析 上一句提到 “一些人生来就有公开演讲的天赋”,与此承接的语意应该是另一些人则要经过后天培训,故选G项 “然而,大多数人能成为有影响力的演说家,是因为他们受过训练”。G项中的the majority of people对应上一句的Some individuals,train to be对应上一句的are born with。
2.答案 A
解析 前面一句说的是 “当你站在公众面前演讲时,大多数情况下你关注的是公众,却牺牲了演讲”,言外之意,作者认为演讲者应关注演讲本身而不是公众,故选A项 “反过来做”。F项虽然也提到要关注 “听众”,但是选项中的 “the fear” 前文中没有提到,因而排除。
3.答案 C
解析 前文说的是 “即使最成功的演说家也会犯错……所以,除非错误非常严重,否则犯了错也不要停止演讲”。由此可推断设空处应该与 “犯错” 有关,故C项 “你没有必要为小失误而道歉”。a minor slip(小错误)与前文的 a mistake为同义替换。
4.答案 B
解析 由前一句 “你的目标不是成为一名完美的演说家” 可以锁定B、E两个选项。但后一句 “就像生活中的其他一切事情一样,这需要练习” 中有关键词 “that”,因此空格处应提及 “that” 指代的内容,故选B项 “你想成为一名有影响力的演说家”,这是需要加以练习的。
5.答案 D
解析 设空后提到 “很少听到有人会说:‘我希望演讲者能讲得更久一些。’” 另外,本段还给出了建议 “总是让你的演讲比预期的稍短一点”,由此可知,位于本段段首的空格处应与缩短演讲时间有关。D项 “说到公开演讲,通常越少就是越多” 符合本段主题。此处的less指的是less time,more指的是more benefits或者more gains。
B
(2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
Talking with your doctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and give your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care.Don’t be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. 1
·Stay positive.
Go to your doctor’s office with a good attitude. 2 Think teamwork!Think positive!
·Keep track of how you are feeling.
3 This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms (症状) and how medicines make you feel.It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about.Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you’ve felt that way.
· 4
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses,treatments,what the doctors told you to do,and anything else you think your doctor should know.Also,if you are allergic (过敏) to any medicines,be sure to mention that to your doctor.
·Ask questions.
Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have.To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor’s office,write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 5 Remember—there’s no such thing as a stupid question.If you don’t understand the answer to a question,ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.
A.This will make getting answers easier.
B.Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C.You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don’t work.
D.Before your doctor’s visit,keep notes on how you are feeling.
E.Remember,your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.
F.Bring your medical history,including a list of your current medicines.
G.Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了与医生高效交流的几种方法——保持积极心态、跟踪记录个人感受、携带病历、提问问题。
1.答案 B
解析 空前讲到和你的医生自由地交谈可使你感觉良好,并让医生了解你的信息,从而给你最好的治疗。不要因谈论困扰你的问题而感到害怕或尴尬,而下文是具体的做法,故B项符合语境。
2. 答案 E
解析 空前一句讲到“拜访医生的时候,要保持好的态度”,空后一句则讲到“想想团队协作,想想好的一面”,故E项符合语境。
3.答案 D
解析 本段小标题讲的是“跟踪记录个人感受”,空后一句则讲到了你这么做的话,当医生问你的症状和药物给你带来的感受时,你就可以更轻松地给出答案了,因此该空讲的应该是具体的做法,即记录自己的感受,故D项符合语境。
4. 答案 F
解析 本段主要涉及对病历的介绍,故F项适合作本段的小标题。
5.答案 A
解析 空前一句讲到当你不在医生办公室的时候,写下你所有的问题,和医生预约的时候,随身带着这些问题,而空后一句则讲到记住——没有什么问题是愚蠢的问题,因此该空讲的应该是写下问题的好处,故A项符合语境。
Group 4
A
(2020浙江卷)
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 1 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood,I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading.My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 2 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books.I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.Reading opened new worlds to me. 3
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted.I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me.When my mother saw my creations,she told me how creative my designs were. 4 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful.It was a trait(特点) others found helpful,and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
5 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside,no matter the weather or season.My brother,of course,raced off to be with his friends,while I had plenty to do myself.There was making leaf houses in autumn,ice skating in winter,and so much more.They’re all memories I treasure today.
A.I wasn’t alone any longer.
B.I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C.I was invited to play with another kid.
D.I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F.Thus,I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G.My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者分析了自己几个生活习惯的成因。
1. 答案 G
解析 根据设空后一句 “His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.” 可知,设空句应提及His的身份,即G项中的My older brother。故选G项。
2.答案 D
解析 根据设空前一句提到 “我对书写字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候” 和下文提到 “我很快就从典型的儿童读物变成了插图少、章节多的书” 可知此处应指 “我喜欢书中的彩色照片” 与上句构成递进与下文形成对比。结合选项可知D项最符合语境。故选D项。
3.答案 A
解析 根据前一句提到阅读为 “我” 打开了新世界可知,接下来应描述作者的感受。结合选项可知A项 “我不再孤独” 与设空前一句形成了因果关系,符合语境。故选A项。
4. 答案 F
解析 根据前一句 “当我的母亲看到我的创作时,她说我的设计很有创意” 及下文make things和F项making things属于同词复现。故选F项。
5. 答案 E
解析 根据后一句 “无论什么天气或季节,我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外” 可知关键词outside,结合选项可知E项outdoors属于同词复现。故选E项。
B
(2020北京卷)
Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and ignoring daily problems,trying to look optimistic.In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself.Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person,who is often unaware and uncertain of some events,phenomena,people,or even the person himself. 1 Meanwhile,positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively.They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors.They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
2 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans(寿命),lower rates of depression and anxiety,better physical and psychological health,reduced risks of death from heart problems.Positive thinking also contributes to one’s ability to deal with problems and hardships. 3 For example,researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions,such as a natural disaster,positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer(缓冲作用) against depression and anxiety.Resilient (适应性强的) people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge,a chance for improvement of any kind,or as an opportunity for personal growth.Pessimists,on the contrary,tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 4
In conclusion,positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one’s life.It doesn’t have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 5
Thinking in a positive,self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s physical and mental health.
A.It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort,either.
B.Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C.It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D.Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E.As thinking changes,an individual’s behaviour and habits change as well.
F.They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G.They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem,even if small.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了积极想法的含义、益处和作用等。
1.答案 B
解析 空格前介绍了自我对话的含义;空格后讲积极的想法能帮助阻止消极的自我对话并开始形成对待问题的积极看法。B项“消极的自我对话会损害自信、降低自尊”承上启下,符合语境。
2.答案 D
解析 根据本段内容可知,本段主要介绍了积极的想法对身心带来的有益影响。D项“积极的想法对身心有一些有益的影响”引出下文,符合语境。
3.答案 C
解析 空格前讲积极的想法能帮助人们拥有处理问题和解决困难的能力;空格后举例说明了在遇到困难的时候有积极的想法的作用。C项“它能帮助人在遇到困难的情况下保持清醒的头脑和自信”承上启下,符合语境。
4. 答案 G
解析 空格前讲相反,悲观主义者常常将问题当作是额外压力的一个来源。G项“他们(悲观主义者)在解决问题前,即使是很小(的问题),他们也会长时间感到泄气”承接上文,符合语境。
5.答案 A
解析 空格前讲积极的想法和一个人不正视问题而处于无知的乐观无关。A项“它(积极的想法)也不会造成任何情绪上的严重的不适”承接上文,符合语境。
第一部分 阅读
专题二 七选五
英 语
2023
内容索引
NO.1 读文总策略 破解七选五必备3大策略
NO.2 题型微技法 提升七选五解题8大技法
NO.3 真题实战 经典对练拿高分
读文总策略 破解七选五
必备3大策略
NO.1
策略一 利用外在线索,缩小选项范围
句子在段落中的位置不同,所起的作用也不同。明确挖空特点和篇章结构,善用语篇标记信息,如小标题、主旨句、首段尾句和标点符号等,就能缩小选择范围,降低题目难度。
策略二 利用内在关系,确保解题正确
一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体,各部分之间存在一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看,句子之间常常有并列、递进、顺承、转折、总分、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系,有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此,理解七选五的阅读材料时,一定要把握文脉,弄清其中的逻辑关系。同时,考生也要注意文中的词汇线索,包括词汇复现,代词的指代关系等。
策略三 多维思考,提升读文速度
2022年1月浙江卷 主题语境:人与自我——完善自我
I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do,but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day,and still feel happy and relaxed. 31
●Pick the most important.
32 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive.I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies,but don’t want the life of a big company CEO.My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
●Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends,family,work,play,etc. 33 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.Build your social life around people in your work environment.Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the people and activities you love.
● 34
You would think learning takes more time from you,but actually there are always new ways of doing things that can save you time on daily tasks,freeing you up for the most important.Always be looking for a new way to gain back an hour here or there.
●Lighten up.
The world won’t come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone.Celebrate progress and keep refining(改进) toward a happy productive existence. 35 Every completion is a small victory that adds up in a big way.
A.Speed up.
B.Be an active learner.
C.Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D.Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E.The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F.Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G.This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
篇章结构
考情分析
1.文章长度:正文词数加上选项词数约300词。
2.主题语境:包含新课标中的全部主题语境,
以人与社会的主题居多。
3.设空均匀:一段一题(少于5段或某段较长,可一段两题)。
4.设空位置:文章首句一般不设空;段首主旨句或段落小标题(0—2题);段中过渡句和细节句(0—5题,重点考查);段末结论句(0—2题)。
5.选项特点:正确选项的主旨句能准确概括段落大意,过渡句和细节句前后语意衔接;干扰选项的主旨句以偏概全或偏离主题,过渡句或细节句上下句不连贯。
文体特点
以说明文为主,偶尔考议论文和记叙文。其文章多为“总—分”或“总—分—总”结构。
读文策略
第1步:速读全文,把握主旨。
第2步:看结构(设空位置),细读5个空前空后内容,画出关键词句。
第3步:找词语(词汇复现)析逻辑,比对选项。
第4步:代入选项,通读检查。
31.本空设在段末,是承上启下句。由空前的“make the most of every day,”可知作者能够充分利用时间,并且感到开心和放松,下文各段是作者就如何高效利用时间给出的几点建议,因此第31题选 。
32.本空设在段首,是段落主旨句。根据该部分小标题和空后内容可知,作者在本段强调要将时间用于自己认为最重要且想做的事情上,因此第32题选 。
33.本空设在段中,是承上启下句。根据该部分小标题和空后的“Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner.”可知,作者不建议把时间分开来进行多项活动,因此第33题选 。
F
D
D
34.本空为小标题,考查段落主旨。根据下文内容可知,本段主要介绍了与学习有关的内容,B项“做一个积极的学习者”能够概括段落主旨。选项中的“learner”与下文中的“learning”的对应关系也是提示。因此第34题选 。
35.本空设在段中,是承上启下句。根据空前的“Celebrate progress...a happy productive existence.” 和空后的 “Every completion”可知,空处内容应与列举或记录各项事物有关,因此第35题选 。
B
G
题型微技法 提升七选五解题8大技法
NO.2
聚焦命题明晰增分策略
研命题 透析高考真题,把握命题规律
年份 试卷 体裁 主题 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
2022 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 如何选择锻炼伙伴 0 4 1
全国乙卷 说明文 如何保持长久的友谊 3 1 1
全国甲卷 说明文 不同文化外出就餐的注意事项 1 3 1
年份 试卷 体裁 主题 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
2021 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 感悟巴黎人的与众不同 1 4 0
浙江卷 说明文 创建网站的过程及其现状 0 4 1
全国乙卷 说明文 如何做一个有趣的聚餐人 2 2 1
全国甲卷 说明文 通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法 1 4 0
年份 试卷 体裁 主题 设空位置 段首 段中 段尾
2020 新高考全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 如何成为一名优秀的演讲者 1 3 1
全国Ⅰ卷 说明文 自我接受的小技巧 1 3 1
全国Ⅱ卷 说明文 工作中交流运用表情符号的好处 1 4 0
全国Ⅲ卷 说明文 乔迁派对的定义、习俗及来源 2 2 1
考情解读
1.选材特点:以说明文为主。话题与当代社会生活紧密相关,人文气息浓厚,引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。
2.文章结构:文章结构清晰,内容完整,适合考查段落标题、主旨句和过渡句等。篇章结构以“提出问题→解决问题”为主。
3.设空位置:以段中为主,主要考查:①主旨概括句②过渡性句子③注释性句子。
4.词数:正文词数200左右,选项词数100左右。
明策略 升华解题思维,考场有序增分
命题方式
以考查上下文逻辑关系为主,考查段落主旨句为辅。间或考查段尾的结论概括性语句。
解题步骤
1.略读全文抓大意 以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章,了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。一般只需花5—10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首句。
2.先看选项初判断 通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。
3.重点阅读上下句 可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或相关性来确定这两个句子之间的关联性,从而进行大胆预测。如果空出的是半句话,还要注意标点符号,并分析句子结构,然后做出判断。
4.观察结构缩小范围 通过观察语言结构可将选择范围大大缩小,一般可将7个选项缩小到2—3个选项,选对的概率大大提高。
选项特征
1.7个选项中有两个干扰项;
2.选项多为完整句子,句型不同,长短不一,排列由短到长;
3.有时需要填入半句话,句型多为主从结构或者并列结构。(2021年全国甲卷37题,2020年全国Ⅱ卷37题、40题)
类型一 利用外在线索解题
技法1关注段落小标题
(2021全国甲卷)
· 38 .They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 39 .Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
技巧点拨领悟解题之道
D.Just keep music playing throughout
E.Donate whatever clothes are left over
F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
设题特点
在一些文章中,有些段落由小标题引领,而设空处恰好是小标题的位置。其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同,认真阅读设空后的段落内容就能推断出小标题。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:由38题所在的位置可知,这是一个小标题。
第二步:根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their ‘new’ clothes home.” 说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition”说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服,其中的bring和下文中carry相对,都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词,并且其中“They”指代G项的everyone。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
G
技法2留意段首设空
(2020全国Ⅰ卷)
...
● 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you follow them Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made...
A.Feeling upset again
B.Where do you start
C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D.Remember,you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start
设题特点
1.段落主旨句:正确选项要有概括性,通常与空后第一句在内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的,在意义上是紧密衔接的。
2.承上启下句:非首段的第一句设空,正确选项要么承接上文,要么引起下文,能使上下段自然衔接。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:根据每段前的实心圆点来看,这是一个段落主旨句。再观察下一段首句 “Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made” 是祈使句,就应把范围缩小在D、E和F三个选项之间。
第二步:根据后面的 “Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.”,以及后面的两个问句“Why do you follow them Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs ” 可知,本段主要讲不要把自己和他人对比。F项的意思是 “停止把你自己与他人做比较。”
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
F
技法3关注段中设空
(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
The place wasn’t entirely authentic,though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment,the plumbing(水管)worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said,“Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered,and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.
设题特点
1.细节句:通常补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。
2.过渡句:通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的衔接关系,常见的逻辑关系有总分关系、解释关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系和例证关系。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:由37题的设空位置可知,此题设在段中,和前后文都有关。
第二步:空前一句讲到了“和通常的巴黎公寓不同,这里的水管可以使用”,空后一句讲到了“我们的公寓楼里甚至还有一部小电梯”,因此空处应与公寓或公寓楼有关。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
C
技法4关注段尾设空
(2021新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine,the speed at which you read probably does not matter very much.But if you have to read a great deal for study,you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly. 36
●Before you open the book,make sure that you are comfortable.You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. 37
● 38 Look at the table of contents,the preface,the chapter heading,etc.This will help you do decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it.Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
C.This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D.Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E.Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
设题特点
1.总结句:设空在段尾时,通常是结论性、概括性语句,是对上文的概括总结。
2.段落过渡句:设空在非尾段的段尾时,也有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。
3.补充信息句:设空在段尾时,也有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明,这时要选择补充性的语句。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:由36题的设空位置可知,此题设在第一段的末尾,通常要引起下文。
第二步:空前的“But if you have to read a great deal for study,you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.” 提出,如果你必须为了学习而大量阅读,你就会体会到更快阅读的好处。而下文介绍了几种具体提高阅读速度的做法。因此,此处需填一个起承上启下作用的段落间的过渡句。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
D
技法5利用标点符号
(2022全国乙卷)
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways to sustain(保持) long-distance friendships.
...
·Don’t rely on technology alone
40 ,but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A.Remember important dates
B.Compensate by writing letters
C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
设题特点
不同于常见的要填一个完整的句子,有的设空处要填入一个非完整的句子。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:设空处后为逗号可知,这个设空处应填入一个从句、主句,或者并列句的一个分句。
第二步:分析语境与选项。根据空格后的but可知空格处是一个完整的分句。根据下文的“face-to-face time together whenever possible”可知,这里的意思是,虽然通过社交媒体保持联系很容易,但是面对面的聚会也非常有必要。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
F
类型二 利用内在关系解题
技法1词汇复现法
(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
...
Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago,they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead,they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
...
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
设题特点
词汇复现不是指词语的简单再现,而是指某个词语可能以不同的词类、词性、数、格、时态及语态等形式出现。有时也会以同义词或反义词的形式出现。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:设空处位于段中,属于上下文关联句。
第二步:分析语境与选项。通读本段可知,本段主要讲述了巴黎的饮食。与之表述在意义和语境上有重叠的是D项、E项和G项。结合设空前后出现的关键词great food,French strawberries以及flavor bombs等可知,G项 “食物是如此美味,你不需要太多就能使你快乐。” 符合语境。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
G
技法2代词线索法
(2022全国甲卷)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette(礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 36 .Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites,always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37 .
...
A.The more friends you make in your lifetime
B.The more time you spend in any given country
C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D.Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E.It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
设题特点
代词的使用主要是为了避免重复,用于指代前面提到的人或物,有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或者概念,如it,they,this,these,that,those,one,ones,all等。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的判断。代词指代需要注意两种情况:一是选项中的代词,二是挖空后面的句子中出现的代词。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:留意选项和空前空后的代词。选项F中有两个代词them,选项C、E、G中都有代词it。them指代上文出现的复数名词;it指代单数名词或者一件事情,代词很多时候充当形式主语和形式宾语。第37题前有代词them。
第二步:根据第37题前的“The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites,always put them down together...”可知,句中的两个them都指代前面的复数名词chopsticks,这里提到吃饭间歇将筷子放下时,一定要并排放好,以便与你前面的桌子边缘保持平行,因此F项 “不要把它们(筷子)直立在食物中,也不要在使用时交叉放置”,符合语境。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
F
技法3逻辑关系法
(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
...
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live,in some way,like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
设题特点
文章段落之间、句子之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接或过渡,以使文章更加连贯、表达更加清楚,因此文章中表示各种逻辑关系的关联词在选择答案时都是很好的线索。
图解技法
思维流程
第一步:设空处位于段中,属于上下文关联句。
第二步:分析语境与选项。根据下文的 “So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.” 可知,这里表示所以“我们”做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵的六楼公寓。据此可推测,设空处的内容与下一句之间构成了因果关系。F项 “我们的目的是看一下,在某种程度上,我们能否像真正的巴黎人那样生活。” 与下文能够形成因果关系。
第三步:比对选项,确定答案为 项。
F
课堂应用
精练最新模拟题
Going to the zoo is an all-time favorite activity for children and families. 1 In order to make a decision,we must consider the arguments for and against keeping wild animals in zoos.
One benefit of zoos is that they are useful for educating people about animals.We can observe animals at close range and learn more about them than we can from books and the TV.It also provides an opportunity to promote the conservation of endangered species. 2 This helps them to come up with better ways of protecting animals from harm in their natural habitat.
On the other hand,keeping animals in zoos is similar to a prison sentence.Many zoos do not have large enough enclosures to keep animals comfortable.The animals have limited freedom to move about.We often see even the fierce lions lying passively in their enclosures just waiting for their next meal to be served.They suffer from stress and boredom. 3
Another thing we need to consider is the cost of maintaining a zoo.A lot of funds are needed to run a zoo.Money is needed to stock the zoo with all kinds of animals. 4 The animals need food and medical care.Special spaces need to be built to house each type of animals.More staff are needed to clean and maintain the zoo grounds.
5 If you want to see animals,I advise you to go on a safari.For conservation and research,set up sanctuaries like the Sepilok orangutan sanctuary in Sabah.It is kinder to leave the animals in their natural home—the wild.
A.This in turn causes animals to live shorter lives.
B.We have also heard about animals being mistreated.
C.However,some people argue against keeping wild animals in zoos.
D.They have to carry out research on the survival rate of this species.
E.Staff must be hired and trained to take care of each species of animals.
F.In addition,zoos allow scientists to study animal behavior more easily.
G.In conclusion,it is cruel and selfish to keep animals in an unnatural prison.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了是否应该将野生动物养在动物园里。
1.答案 C
解析 上文表明去动物园是儿童和家庭最喜爱的活动;C项意为“然而有些人反对将野生动物养在动物园。”承接了下文:为了做出决定,我们必须综合考虑支持和反对将野生动物养在动物园的情况。故选C项。
2. 答案 F
解析 根据上文信息“One benefit of zoos...We can observe animals...It also provides an opportunity to promote...”可知:该段讲述将野生动物养在动物园的好处。F项意为“而且有了动物园,科学家研究动物行为更容易。”承接了下文“This helps them to come up with better ways of protecting animals from harm in their natural habitat.”,故选F项。
3.答案 A
解析 根据该段首句 “On the other hand,keeping animals in zoos is similar to a prison sentence.”可知,该段讲述将野生动物养在动物园的坏处。凶猛的狮子躺在圈养地等人喂食,它们会承受压力和烦躁。A项意为“这反过来会影响它们的寿命。”符合语境,故选A项。
4. 答案 E
解析 E项“Staff must be hired and trained to take care of each species of animals.”承接下文“More staff are needed...”。故选 E项。
5. 答案 G
解析 该句是对全文“the arguments for and against keeping wild animals in zoos”的总结:把动物关在非自然的监狱里是残忍和自私的。下文举例:如果想看动物,可以去进行观赏野兽之旅。故选G项。
挑战外刊原创题
Do you know your neighbors According to a recent study,roughly a quarter of adults under 30 report that they don’t know any of their neighbors.
Learning how to be a kind neighbor is a skill that’s good to learn at a young age. 6 ,they are also applicable to the parents and adults in the room.
Get to know your neighbors.It may seem obvious,but getting to know your neighbors is the first step in becoming a kind neighbor. 7 And if you feel comfortable,let them know that you’re there to help,if they ever need another hand.
Make small kind gestures a daily practice.Another way to take care of your neighborhood,and to show your neighbors that you care,is by making small acts of kindness a daily practice. 8
9 It can feel so easy to just go home,close your door and turn on the TV without having to make small talk,but connecting with others is worth the effort.And if you take the first step,your small acts of kindness can encourage others to pay that kindness forward—making even more people feel good.
Meet and engage with different people. 10 ,but it isn’t always easy to balance this with conversations on safety and the so-called stranger danger.Being told you can’t trust the people around you doesn’t exactly inspire community,and children pick up on that.One way to combat(防止) this stranger danger outlook is by reaching out of your comfort zone and engaging with different people in your neighborhood alongside your kids.
A.While many of these tips are for young people
B.Remind yourself that being connected feels good.
C.Ask yourself why you feel uncomfortable and unsafe.
D.Encouraging your kids to communicate with your neighbors is important
E.Looking out for your neighbors is an important part of being in a community
F.This can be cleaning up litter or even cleaning up after the pets on your block.
G.Get out of your comfort zone and make an effort to learn their names and what they do for work.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。根据最近的一项研究,大约四分之一的30岁以下的成年人表示,他们不认识自己的邻居。文章主要介绍了几种与邻居相处的方式。全文为典型的总分结构。
6.答案 A
解析 此句为细节句。下文提到“they are also applicable to the parents and adults(他们也适用于家长和成年人)”可知,此处是与家长和成年人相对的“适用于年轻人”。故选A项。
7. 答案 G
解析 此句为细节句。根据本段的主题句“Get to know your neighbors.”可知,此段主要讲述如何了解你的邻居。而G项“走出你的舒适区,努力记住他们的名字和他们的工作。”正是了解邻居的方法,故选G项。
8. 答案 F
解析 此句为细节句。上文说另一种关照你的邻居,并向你的邻居表明你关心他们的方法是每天做一些善意的小事。分析选项可知,“清理垃圾,甚至是清理宠物的排泄物。”符合要求,故选F项。
9.答案 B
解析 此句为主旨句。下文说与他人交流是值得的。如果你迈出了第一步,你的小善举可以鼓励别人继续付出,让更多的人感觉良好。这里是“提醒自己和别人在一起感觉良好”,故选B项。
10.答案 D
解析 此句为过渡句。根据本段的主题句“与不同的人见面并接触”及下文“但它并不总是容易平衡这与安全对话和所谓的陌生人的危险”可知,此处为过渡句,“鼓励你的孩子和你的邻居交流是很重要的”,故选D项。
真题实战 经典对练拿高分
NO.3
Group 1
A
(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”. One reason was:“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read:“ 1 ” With a workout partner,you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.
So,how do you find a workout partner
First of all,decide what you want from that person. 2 Or do you just want to be physically fit,able to move with strength and flexibility Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media,but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 3 If you plan on working out in a gym,that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do,how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session,and her age.It also listed her favorite sports and activities,and provided her phone number. 4
You and your partner will probably have different skills. 5 Over time,both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E.How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何选择锻炼伙伴。
1.答案 C
解析 此句为过渡句。上文提到其中的一个原因“如果你知道有人在健身房等你,你就会在那儿出现”,结合空格前面的“another read”可知,空格处应为另一个原因。C项“如果你和别人一起训练,你会更加努力。”可起到承上启下的作用。
2.答案 D
解析 此句为细节句。根据下文的“Or do you just want to be physically fit,able to move with strength and flexibility ”可知,所填的句子也应该是一个一般疑问句。D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动中成为一名更好的运动员吗 ”可以和下文构成选择关系。
3.答案 B
解析 此句为细节句。根据空格后面的“If you plan on working out in a gym,that person must belong to the same gym.”可知,B项“锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。”可引出下文。
4. 答案 G
解析 此句为总结句。根据上文的“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do,...”可知,本段的内容和notice有关,该词也是解题的关键。G项“任何针对锻炼伙伴的通知都应包括此类信息。”可作为对该段的总结。其中notice为同词复现。
5. 答案 F
解析 此句为过渡句。根据本段的主题句“You and your partner will probably have different skills.( 你和你的伙伴可能会有不同的技能。)”可知,F项“接受你们的不同,学会相互合作。”可承接上文。其中different和difference是同根词复现。
B
(2021浙江卷)
You’ve got mail...and it’s a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes,a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer,loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly colored picture of Rome’s Colosseum.Or Africa’s Victoria Falls.Or China’s Great Wall. 1
“I often send postcards to family and friends,” he says to China Daily,“but you can imagine that after a while,you never receive as many as you send,and you realize that not everyone is into it. 2 ” Seeking other like-minded souls,however,Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place:online.
Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service,but Paulo’s hunch (直觉) paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website ,a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 3 Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a barrier for many people.For postcrossing to work worldwide,a common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other.As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese,the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it. 4 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that’s English since it’s widely spoken.
“Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 5 That said,we know of many postcrossing members,including Chinese,who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing,” Paulo says.
A.And that’s totally fine.
B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C.He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D.Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E.On August 5,the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F.Similarly,if you speak only Chinese,receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G.In short,he loves postcards,and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。葡萄牙人Paulo喜欢收集和欣赏来自世界各地的明信片。为此,他专门创建了一个网站,通过网络的力量发展传播自己的爱好,并结识了很多志同道合的人们。
1. 答案 G
解析 此句为总结句。文中提到Paulo喜欢收集和欣赏来自世界各地的明信片。所填的句子位于段尾,对上述内容进行总结概括。G项“总之,他喜欢明信片,享受那种得到来自远方的人的一张手写纸条的兴奋感”符合语境。故选G项。
2.答案 A
解析 此句为过渡句。根据Paulo所说的话“but you can imagine that after a while,you never receive as many as you send,and you realize that not everyone is into it.”可知,并不是所有的人都像Paulo一样积极热情地发送明信片,但对于Paulo而言,这完全没问题,因为下文提到Paulo想出了解决问题的办法。故选A项。
3. 答案 E
解析 此句为细节句。根据“Today his hobby has developed into the website ,a social network that has grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago.”可知,此处用数字来说明Paulo创办的这个网站非常成功。故选E项。
4. 答案 F
解析 此句为过渡句。上文“As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese,the concept doesn’t work if one doesn’t understand it.”提到不懂中文的人收到写有中文的明信片,对上面的概念一无所知。此处说明,同样的道理,如果你只会讲中文,收到瑞典语写的卡片也会失去一部分乐趣。故选F项。
5.答案 B
解析 此句为过渡句。上文“Many people in China have limited exposure to English.”中提到很多中国人接触英语的机会有限,此处承接上文,说明带来的后果是“学习和练习英语更加困难”。故选B项。
Group 2
A
(2021浙江1月卷)
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water.You get what you need,head to the front,and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong.People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot. 1
It turns out,it’s just math working against you;chances are,the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay. 2 Any small interruption—a price check,a chatty customer—can have downstream effects,holding up an entire line.
If there are three lines in the store,delays will happen randomly at different registers.Think about the probability: 3 So it’s not just in your mind:Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.Make all customers stand in one long,snaking line—called a serpentine line—and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 4 This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants.With a serpentine line,a long delay at one register won’t unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.Instead,it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
5 It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly,and some stores can’t afford the space or manpower.So wherever your next wait may be:Good luck.
A.Why does this always seem to happen to you
B.So why don’t most places encourage serpentine lines
C.Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D.The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line
F.With three registers,this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes,as on a Sunday afternoon,the system gets particularly busy.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了杂货店结账时的传统排队方式和研究人员提出的快速结账新方式——排成一条蛇形队,并分析了各自的利弊。
1.答案 A
解析 根据前面的“You chose wrong.”和下文中的“chances are,the other line really is faster”可知,此处应该是对你总是选错提出疑惑,故A项“为什么这种事总是发生在你身上 ”符合语境。
2. 答案G
解析 根据前面的“杂货店尽量让员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延缓完成结账”和后面的“任何一个小小的干扰都会造成队伍结账速度的延缓”可知,现实情况有时并不完全如杂货店所愿,故G项“但有时,比如在周日下午,结账系统会特别繁忙”符合语境。
3.答案 D
解析 根据前面的“If there are three lines in the store”和“Think about the probability”可知,D项“你所排的队伍最快的概率只有三分之一。”符合语境。解答此题的关键是前面的“the probability”,此处是对“probability”的详细说明。
4. 答案 F
解析 本段首句“研究人员有一个很好的方法来解决这个问题”是段落主题句,后面的段落内容是对这一方法的详细说明。结合前面的“all customers stand in one long,snaking line”和“serve each person at the front with the next available register”可知,此处应该是这一方法的好处,故F项“由于有三个收银机,这种方法比传统方法快得多”符合语境。后面的代词This 指代的就是这一具体做法。
5.答案 B
解析 上一段说明了排蛇形队的好处,结合本段空格后面的“要保持一条结账队伍的快速运转需要很多收银机,而且有些商店负担不起很多收银机所占的空间和所需的人力。”可知,此处应该是提出一个问题,故B项“那么为什么大多数地方并不鼓励排蛇形队呢 ”符合语境,起承上启下的作用。
B
(2021北京卷)
Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 1 The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued.Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.
2 However,for the same reason,music can be very beneficial if one is in pain.By distracting (分心)the mind from the pain,music,people say,can lower stress and anxiety levels.This,of course,can lead to less pain.
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 3 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed,the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure.Similarly,according to researchers,listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels,through the lowering of stress and anxiety.
When it comes to heart health,there is speculation (推测)that it’s not the style of music,but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health.In one European study,participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 4 On the other hand,when the music slowed,the participants’ stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.
5 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for,which is what makes music so valuable.
A.This feeling can also result in many other health problems.
B.Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.
C.This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.
D.They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.
E.The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.
F.It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.
G.Interestingly,the more cheerful the music was,the faster their heart rates were.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了听音乐会促进我们的心理健康,对我们的身心有很大的益处。
1. 答案 F
解析 考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了对许多人来说音乐长期以来被认为是一种令人愉悦的消遣方式,空后一句讲到音乐对心理健康的益处是不容置疑的,所以空处应与音乐对于心理健康的益处有关,因此F项符合语境。
2.答案 B
解析 考查上下文衔接。根据空后讲到的 “然而,出于相同的理由,如果有人痛苦难耐,音乐是非常有益的”和“However”一词可推知,空处讲到的应该是音乐的坏处,因此B项符合语境。
3.答案 D
解析 考查上下文衔接。本段第一句讲到了很多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听舒缓的音乐,空后讲到了这种观念的有效性仍待评估,因此空处讲到的应该是晚上睡觉前听音乐的好处,因此D项符合语境。
4. 答案 G
解析 考查上下文衔接。结合语境可知,此处讲到的是一项研究,所以空处讲到的应该是参与者的研究表现,且空后一句讲到了当音乐的速度减慢时,他们的压力和焦虑水平会变得较低,对心率的影响似乎也变小了。由此可推知,空处讲到的应该是音乐较快时的表现,因此G项符合语境。
5. 答案 E
解析 考查上下文衔接。结合空后讲到将收音机开大音量可能对其他一系列健康问题有益可知,空处讲到的应该是音乐的好处,因此E项符合语境。
Group 3
A
(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 1 Do you want to be a good public speaker Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting,relaxed and comfortable.Too often,when you stand up to give a speech,you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking”. 2 Focus on the speaking.Talk directly to your audience,be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes.Yet,the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.People’s attention wanders constantly.In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.So,don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 3
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 4 And like everything else in life,that takes practice.Remember,even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
5 It’s rare to hear someone say,“I wish that speaker had spoken longer.” On the other hand,you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought,“I’m glad that talk is over.It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience.Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A.Do the opposite.
B.You want to be an effective public speaker.
C.You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D.When it comes to public speaking,less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.
G.However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何成为一名受人欢迎的演讲者给出了一些建议,即注意和听众互动,在有错误时应继续往下讲,不断练习等。
1. 答案 G
解析 上一句提到 “一些人生来就有公开演讲的天赋”,与此承接的语意应该是另一些人则要经过后天培训,故选G项 “然而,大多数人能成为有影响力的演说家,是因为他们受过训练”。G项中的the majority of people对应上一句的Some individuals,train to be对应上一句的are born with。
2.答案 A
解析 前面一句说的是 “当你站在公众面前演讲时,大多数情况下你关注的是公众,却牺牲了演讲”,言外之意,作者认为演讲者应关注演讲本身而不是公众,故选A项 “反过来做”。F项虽然也提到要关注 “听众”,但是选项中的 “the fear” 前文中没有提到,因而排除。
3.答案 C
解析 前文说的是 “即使最成功的演说家也会犯错……所以,除非错误非常严重,否则犯了错也不要停止演讲”。由此可推断设空处应该与 “犯错” 有关,故C项 “你没有必要为小失误而道歉”。a minor slip(小错误)与前文的 a mistake为同义替换。
4.答案 B
解析 由前一句 “你的目标不是成为一名完美的演说家” 可以锁定B、E两个选项。但后一句 “就像生活中的其他一切事情一样,这需要练习” 中有关键词 “that”,因此空格处应提及 “that” 指代的内容,故选B项 “你想成为一名有影响力的演说家”,这是需要加以练习的。
5.答案 D
解析 设空后提到 “很少听到有人会说:‘我希望演讲者能讲得更久一些。’” 另外,本段还给出了建议 “总是让你的演讲比预期的稍短一点”,由此可知,位于本段段首的空格处应与缩短演讲时间有关。D项 “说到公开演讲,通常越少就是越多” 符合本段主题。此处的less指的是less time,more指的是more benefits或者more gains。
B
(2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷)
Talking with your doctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and give your doctor the information she or he needs to give you the best care.Don’t be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you. 1
·Stay positive.
Go to your doctor’s office with a good attitude. 2 Think teamwork!Think positive!
·Keep track of how you are feeling.
3 This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms (症状) and how medicines make you feel.It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about.Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you’ve felt that way.
· 4
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses,treatments,what the doctors told you to do,and anything else you think your doctor should know.Also,if you are allergic (过敏) to any medicines,be sure to mention that to your doctor.
·Ask questions.
Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have.To remember all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor’s office,write them down and bring the list with you to your appointment. 5 Remember—there’s no such thing as a stupid question.If you don’t understand the answer to a question,ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.
A.This will make getting answers easier.
B.Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C.You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don’t work.
D.Before your doctor’s visit,keep notes on how you are feeling.
E.Remember,your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.
F.Bring your medical history,including a list of your current medicines.
G.Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了与医生高效交流的几种方法——保持积极心态、跟踪记录个人感受、携带病历、提问问题。
1.答案 B
解析 空前讲到和你的医生自由地交谈可使你感觉良好,并让医生了解你的信息,从而给你最好的治疗。不要因谈论困扰你的问题而感到害怕或尴尬,而下文是具体的做法,故B项符合语境。
2. 答案 E
解析 空前一句讲到“拜访医生的时候,要保持好的态度”,空后一句则讲到“想想团队协作,想想好的一面”,故E项符合语境。
3.答案 D
解析 本段小标题讲的是“跟踪记录个人感受”,空后一句则讲到了你这么做的话,当医生问你的症状和药物给你带来的感受时,你就可以更轻松地给出答案了,因此该空讲的应该是具体的做法,即记录自己的感受,故D项符合语境。
4. 答案 F
解析 本段主要涉及对病历的介绍,故F项适合作本段的小标题。
5.答案 A
解析 空前一句讲到当你不在医生办公室的时候,写下你所有的问题,和医生预约的时候,随身带着这些问题,而空后一句则讲到记住——没有什么问题是愚蠢的问题,因此该空讲的应该是写下问题的好处,故A项符合语境。
Group 4
A
(2020浙江卷)
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 1 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood,I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading.My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening. 2 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books.I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.Reading opened new worlds to me. 3
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted.I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me.When my mother saw my creations,she told me how creative my designs were. 4 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful.It was a trait(特点) others found helpful,and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me.
5 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside,no matter the weather or season.My brother,of course,raced off to be with his friends,while I had plenty to do myself.There was making leaf houses in autumn,ice skating in winter,and so much more.They’re all memories I treasure today.
A.I wasn’t alone any longer.
B.I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C.I was invited to play with another kid.
D.I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F.Thus,I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G.My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者分析了自己几个生活习惯的成因。
1. 答案 G
解析 根据设空后一句 “His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.” 可知,设空句应提及His的身份,即G项中的My older brother。故选G项。
2.答案 D
解析 根据设空前一句提到 “我对书写字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我读故事的时候” 和下文提到 “我很快就从典型的儿童读物变成了插图少、章节多的书” 可知此处应指 “我喜欢书中的彩色照片” 与上句构成递进与下文形成对比。结合选项可知D项最符合语境。故选D项。
3.答案 A
解析 根据前一句提到阅读为 “我” 打开了新世界可知,接下来应描述作者的感受。结合选项可知A项 “我不再孤独” 与设空前一句形成了因果关系,符合语境。故选A项。
4. 答案 F
解析 根据前一句 “当我的母亲看到我的创作时,她说我的设计很有创意” 及下文make things和F项making things属于同词复现。故选F项。
5. 答案 E
解析 根据后一句 “无论什么天气或季节,我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在户外” 可知关键词outside,结合选项可知E项outdoors属于同词复现。故选E项。
B
(2020北京卷)
Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and ignoring daily problems,trying to look optimistic.In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself.Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person,who is often unaware and uncertain of some events,phenomena,people,or even the person himself. 1 Meanwhile,positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue.People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively.They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors.They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.
2 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans(寿命),lower rates of depression and anxiety,better physical and psychological health,reduced risks of death from heart problems.Positive thinking also contributes to one’s ability to deal with problems and hardships. 3 For example,researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions,such as a natural disaster,positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer(缓冲作用) against depression and anxiety.Resilient (适应性强的) people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge,a chance for improvement of any kind,or as an opportunity for personal growth.Pessimists,on the contrary,tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress. 4
In conclusion,positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one’s life.It doesn’t have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 5
Thinking in a positive,self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s physical and mental health.
A.It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort,either.
B.Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C.It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D.Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E.As thinking changes,an individual’s behaviour and habits change as well.
F.They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G.They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem,even if small.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了积极想法的含义、益处和作用等。
1.答案 B
解析 空格前介绍了自我对话的含义;空格后讲积极的想法能帮助阻止消极的自我对话并开始形成对待问题的积极看法。B项“消极的自我对话会损害自信、降低自尊”承上启下,符合语境。
2.答案 D
解析 根据本段内容可知,本段主要介绍了积极的想法对身心带来的有益影响。D项“积极的想法对身心有一些有益的影响”引出下文,符合语境。
3.答案 C
解析 空格前讲积极的想法能帮助人们拥有处理问题和解决困难的能力;空格后举例说明了在遇到困难的时候有积极的想法的作用。C项“它能帮助人在遇到困难的情况下保持清醒的头脑和自信”承上启下,符合语境。
4. 答案 G
解析 空格前讲相反,悲观主义者常常将问题当作是额外压力的一个来源。G项“他们(悲观主义者)在解决问题前,即使是很小(的问题),他们也会长时间感到泄气”承接上文,符合语境。
5.答案 A
解析 空格前讲积极的想法和一个人不正视问题而处于无知的乐观无关。A项“它(积极的想法)也不会造成任何情绪上的严重的不适”承接上文,符合语境。