2023届高考二轮总复习试题 英语 （适用于老高考旧教材） 专题二 七选五 题型针对练（二）——段首句类（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2023届高考二轮总复习试题 英语 （适用于老高考旧教材） 专题二 七选五 题型针对练（二）——段首句类（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-01-09 11:58:55 | ||
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题型针对练(二)——段首句类
Passage 1
(2022甘肃兰州一模)
The quality of the family relationship is more important than family configuration (结构).A healthy family relationship is the base of a happy family. 1 Although family relationships are different,there are certain characteristics that healthy family relationships share.
2 Family members listen to and genuinely care about what the others are saying.In these families,communication is on a deep enough level that all members are able to share their feelings,goals,achievements and experiences.When some feedback and constructive criticism are given,love and affection are made clear by the use of positive words.
A family with a healthy relationship requires every single family member’s commitment.Family members hold family as a top priority and consider the impact on relatives before making important decisions.Family members are dependable and always there for each other in times of crisis. 3
A characteristic of a healthy family relationship is that they spend time doing enjoyable activities together. 4 Often,these activities become family traditions,such as sharing meals together,having family outings every weekend or playing sports together.
5 Family members accept that they each have their own personalities,qualities and interests.Everyone plays an important role in the family.When there is conflict between family members,it is solved in a positive and healthy manner.Family members also acknowledge each other’s achievements and show appreciation for other members.
A.Therefore,members do not feel they are on their own.
B.Family members share everything they have with each other.
C.Respect is an important characteristic of healthy family relationships.
D.It provides members with the support and encouragement that they need.
E.Family members tend to select activities that help the family to grow closer.
F.It is important to keep in mind that each family member is a unique individual.
G.Families with healthy relationships engage in positive and meaningful communication.
Passage 2
(2022安徽马鞍山二模)
Studying smarter,not longer,matters now more than ever,with students in many countries having to manage their time and study more on their own. 1 The good news:Science points to ones that really work.
Use pictures.Pay attention to drawings,graphics,charts and other visual aids in your class materials,psychologist Mark McDaniel says.“ 2 And if there aren’t pictures,creating them can be really,really useful.”
Find examples.Abstract concepts can be hard to understand.It tends to be far easier to form a mental image if you have a concrete example of something,psychologist Cynthia Nebel says.For instance,sour foods usually taste that way because they contain an acid. 3 But if you think about a lemon or vinegar,it’s easier to understand and remember that acids and sour go together.
4 Psychologist Nate Komell “definitely did cram(临时抱佛脚)” before big tests when he was a student.He still thinks it’s a good idea to study the day before a big test.But research shows it’s a bad idea to cram all your studying into that day.Instead,allow time between study sessions and you’ll learn and remember material better.
Dig deeper.It’s hard to remember a string of facts and figures if you don’t push further.Ask why things are a certain way.How did they come about Why do they matter Psychologists call this elaboration.“It’s asking a lot of how and why questions about it,” Nebel says. 5
Try adding just one new study skill each week or two.It may seem odd at first.But,by the time week two rolls around,it becomes a normal thing.
A.Reread books and notes.
B.Space out your studying.
C.They really boost your memory of the material.
D.Yet many students have never learned those skills.
E.In other words,don’t just accept facts at face value.
F.On its own,that concept might be hard to remember.
G.It’s like telling students to learn to swim by “just swimming”.
Passage 3
(2022甘肃平凉二模)
It has been shown that watching English movie trailers(预告片) can improve your English vocabulary and thinking skills. 1
The first step is to find them.Go to YouTube and do a search for something like “official trailer”.Several film trailers will appear. 2 Animated films can be an especially good choice for English practice no matter how old you are.These films are usually humorous and relatable.To find animated films,try doing a search for something like “animated official trailer”.
Make sure the video you choose offers closed captions(字幕),which you will use later.You can find the closed caption mark at the bottom of the video.It may be listed as “CC” or something else.Keep in mind that trailers more than five or seven years old may not offer closed captions on YouTube. 3
Next,watch the video at a normal speed without closed captions.Try to understand what the story is about overall.Then watch it again to seek more details. 4 It will give you an idea of whether the dialogue is too fast or difficult for your skill level.
5 Find the “CC” setting at the bottom of the video and click the captions.This can help you in several ways.You can confirm whether you understand the dialogue in your first viewing,make clearer any dialogue you do not understand,and connect the sound of words with their spellings.You can also write down a few of the new words in a notebook or on your mobile phone.
A.So choose newer videos.
B.You can choose some that look interesting.
C.They may sound a little strange at a slower speed.
D.With this method,you are testing your English skills.
E.Then watch the video again,this time with closed captions.
F.Besides,try using your notebook as you learn English in your everyday life.
G.Now let’s talk about steps you can take to get the most out of watching them.
Passage 4
(2022广西柳州三模)
Negative thinking leads to negative consequences.So how do we deal with that negative junk in our head The ways may be various,but they all have one idea in common: 1 External factors influence our lie to some degree,but it is mostly how we interpret external factors that has the greatest impact.Here is what we can do.
2 Do you want to catch a cold Stay with people with a cold.I am not sure whether the advice stands,but it is partly true.People are likely to hang around with individuals who are similar to themselves.Poor people like to surround themselves with other poor people,and rich people with other rich people.Negative people are not optimistic.So make friends with positive people. 3
Accept and move on.Expecting everything to be perfect can be disturbing and it robs you of true happiness,so accept everything is not so perfect.Actually a meaningless thought is full of junk. 4 Then,go about your normal day and occupy your mind with an activity you love.
Mind your attitude.It starts the moment you wake up in the morning.Ask yourself:Do I want to be happy or miserable 5 If you intend to hold on to a negative frame of mind,you are inevitably choosing to be unhappy.If you want to achieve your own inner happiness,you are likely to cultivate it through good and uplifting thoughts.
A.We are our own masters.
B.The choice you make decides.
C.You should let go of it consciously.
D.Associate with like-minded people.
E.First,finish the assignment without any delay.
F.We probably release our stress by talking to others.
G.They often melt away all the negativity around them.
题型针对练(二)——段首句类
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了健康的家庭关系的一些特征。
1.D 解析 根据上文“A healthy family relationship is the base of a happy family.”和下文“Although family relationships are different,there are certain characteristics that healthy family relationships share.”可知,上文指出健康的家庭关系是幸福家庭的基础,下文指出健康的家庭有一些共同的特征。由此推知,空处承接上文,指出健康的家庭关系的好处。D项“它为成员提供他们所需要的支持和鼓励”符合题意,选项中的“It”指代上文的“A healthy family relationship”。
2.G 解析 设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Family members listen to...love and affection are made clear by the use of positive words.”可知,在健康的家庭关系中成员们的交流都是积极的、有意义的。G项“拥有健康关系的家庭会进行积极而有意义的交流”符合本段主旨,“communication”是关键词。
3.A 解析 设空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Family members hold family as a top priority...always there for each other in times of crisis.”可知,家庭成员会相互帮助,这样成员就不会觉得什么都靠自己独立解决。A项“因此,家庭成员们并不觉得自己是孤立无援的”符合题意,与上文形成明显的因果关系。
4.E 解析 根据主旨句“A characteristic of a healthy family relationship is that they spend time doing enjoyable activities together.”可知,本段主要说明在健康的家庭关系中成员们会一起度过快乐、有意义的时光。再结合下文“Often,these activities become family traditions...every weekend or playing sports together.”推知,上文提到了有利于增进家庭成员关系的活动。E项“家庭成员倾向于选择有助于家庭关系更加亲密的活动”符合题意,且贴合主旨,下文的“these activities”指代选项中的“activities that help the family to grow closer”。
5.C 解析 设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Family members accept that...show appreciation for other members.”可知,虽然家庭成员性格迥异,但要承认彼此的成就,并且相互赞赏,即家庭成员之间应该尊重并欣赏。C项“尊重是健康家庭关系的重要特征”可以作为本段主旨句。
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学学习的方法。
1.D 解析 根据上文“Studying smarter,not longer,matters now more than ever,with students in many countries having to manage their time and study more on their own.”和下文“The good news:Science points to ones that really work.”可知,这里介绍好多学生没有掌握学习的技能。D项符合题意。
2.C 解析 根据上文“Pay attention to drawings,graphics,charts and other visual aids in your class materials,psychologist Mark McDaniel says.”可知,本段介绍的是注意图片对记忆的好处。C项符合题意。
3.F 解析 根据下文“But if you think about a lemon or vinegar,it’s easier to understand and remember that acids and sour go together.”中的But可知,这里介绍单纯的记忆很困难。F项符合题意。
4.B 解析 根据下文“Instead,allow time between study sessions and you’ll learn and remember material better.”可知,本段介绍的是要合理安排学习时间。B项符合题意。
5.E 解析 根据本段开头“Dig deeper.”和上文“‘It’s asking a lot of how and why questions about it,’ Nebel says.”可知,本段介绍的是我们深入学习,要学会钻研。E项符合题意。
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何通过看英语电影的预告片来获得最大的收获。
1.G 解析 上文“It has been shown that watching English movie trailers can improve your English vocabulary and thinking skills.”提到,看英语电影预告片可以提高你的英语词汇量和思维能力,下文是具体的步骤,所以G项“现在让我们来谈谈你可以采取的步骤,以获得最大的收获”起承上启下的作用。
2.B 解析 上文“Several film trailers will appear.” 提到会出现几部电影预告片,结合下文“Animated films can be an especially good choice for English practice no matter how old you are.”可知,B项“你可以选择一些看起来很有趣的电影预告片”引出下文,符合语境。
3.A 解析 根据段首句“Make sure the video you choose offers closed captions”可知,要选择带字幕的影片,结合空前一句“Keep in mind that trailers more than five or seven years old may not offer closed captions on YouTube.”可知,超过5或7年的预告片可能没有字幕,所以要选择更新一点的视频,A项“所以选择更新的视频”承接上文。
4.D 解析 上文“Try to understand what the story is about overall.Then watch it again to seek more details.”是描述方法,结合空后“It will give you an idea of whether the dialogue is too fast or difficult for your skill level.”可知,D项“用这种方法测试你的英语技能”与上下文关系紧密,符合语境。
5.E 解析 设空处是段落主题句,下文“Find the ‘CC’ setting at the bottom of the video and click the captions.This can help you in several ways.”谈论的是点击字幕及好处,故E项“再看一遍视频,这次是带隐藏式字幕的”符合语境。
Passage 4
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了消极思维导致消极后果,介绍了如何处理消极思维。
1.A 解析 根据上文“Negative thinking leads to negative consequences....but they all have one idea in common”以及下文“External factors influence our lie to some degree...Here is what we can do.”可知,上文提到都有一个共同的主旨,可知本句承接上文说明这一主旨是什么:我们是自己的主人。故A项“我们是自己的主人”符合语境。
2.D 解析 根据下文“Do you want to catch a cold ...So make friends with positive people.”可知,下文提到要和与自己相似的人待在一起,建议与志趣相投的人来往。故D项“与志趣相投的人交往”符合语境。
3.G 解析 根据上文“So make friends with positive people.”可知,上文提到要和积极向上的人交朋友,本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文说明结果:他们经常会融化掉周围所有的消极情绪。G项中They对应上文中positive people。故G项“他们经常会融化掉周围所有的消极情绪”符合语境。
4.C 解析 根据上文“Accept and move on...Actually a meaningless thought is full of junk.”以及下文“Then,go about your normal day and occupy your mind with an activity you love.”可知,上文提到一个无意义的想法充满了垃圾,所以推测本句是在说明要有意识地放弃那些无意义的想法。故C项“你应该有意识地放手”符合语境。
Passage 1
(2022甘肃兰州一模)
The quality of the family relationship is more important than family configuration (结构).A healthy family relationship is the base of a happy family. 1 Although family relationships are different,there are certain characteristics that healthy family relationships share.
2 Family members listen to and genuinely care about what the others are saying.In these families,communication is on a deep enough level that all members are able to share their feelings,goals,achievements and experiences.When some feedback and constructive criticism are given,love and affection are made clear by the use of positive words.
A family with a healthy relationship requires every single family member’s commitment.Family members hold family as a top priority and consider the impact on relatives before making important decisions.Family members are dependable and always there for each other in times of crisis. 3
A characteristic of a healthy family relationship is that they spend time doing enjoyable activities together. 4 Often,these activities become family traditions,such as sharing meals together,having family outings every weekend or playing sports together.
5 Family members accept that they each have their own personalities,qualities and interests.Everyone plays an important role in the family.When there is conflict between family members,it is solved in a positive and healthy manner.Family members also acknowledge each other’s achievements and show appreciation for other members.
A.Therefore,members do not feel they are on their own.
B.Family members share everything they have with each other.
C.Respect is an important characteristic of healthy family relationships.
D.It provides members with the support and encouragement that they need.
E.Family members tend to select activities that help the family to grow closer.
F.It is important to keep in mind that each family member is a unique individual.
G.Families with healthy relationships engage in positive and meaningful communication.
Passage 2
(2022安徽马鞍山二模)
Studying smarter,not longer,matters now more than ever,with students in many countries having to manage their time and study more on their own. 1 The good news:Science points to ones that really work.
Use pictures.Pay attention to drawings,graphics,charts and other visual aids in your class materials,psychologist Mark McDaniel says.“ 2 And if there aren’t pictures,creating them can be really,really useful.”
Find examples.Abstract concepts can be hard to understand.It tends to be far easier to form a mental image if you have a concrete example of something,psychologist Cynthia Nebel says.For instance,sour foods usually taste that way because they contain an acid. 3 But if you think about a lemon or vinegar,it’s easier to understand and remember that acids and sour go together.
4 Psychologist Nate Komell “definitely did cram(临时抱佛脚)” before big tests when he was a student.He still thinks it’s a good idea to study the day before a big test.But research shows it’s a bad idea to cram all your studying into that day.Instead,allow time between study sessions and you’ll learn and remember material better.
Dig deeper.It’s hard to remember a string of facts and figures if you don’t push further.Ask why things are a certain way.How did they come about Why do they matter Psychologists call this elaboration.“It’s asking a lot of how and why questions about it,” Nebel says. 5
Try adding just one new study skill each week or two.It may seem odd at first.But,by the time week two rolls around,it becomes a normal thing.
A.Reread books and notes.
B.Space out your studying.
C.They really boost your memory of the material.
D.Yet many students have never learned those skills.
E.In other words,don’t just accept facts at face value.
F.On its own,that concept might be hard to remember.
G.It’s like telling students to learn to swim by “just swimming”.
Passage 3
(2022甘肃平凉二模)
It has been shown that watching English movie trailers(预告片) can improve your English vocabulary and thinking skills. 1
The first step is to find them.Go to YouTube and do a search for something like “official trailer”.Several film trailers will appear. 2 Animated films can be an especially good choice for English practice no matter how old you are.These films are usually humorous and relatable.To find animated films,try doing a search for something like “animated official trailer”.
Make sure the video you choose offers closed captions(字幕),which you will use later.You can find the closed caption mark at the bottom of the video.It may be listed as “CC” or something else.Keep in mind that trailers more than five or seven years old may not offer closed captions on YouTube. 3
Next,watch the video at a normal speed without closed captions.Try to understand what the story is about overall.Then watch it again to seek more details. 4 It will give you an idea of whether the dialogue is too fast or difficult for your skill level.
5 Find the “CC” setting at the bottom of the video and click the captions.This can help you in several ways.You can confirm whether you understand the dialogue in your first viewing,make clearer any dialogue you do not understand,and connect the sound of words with their spellings.You can also write down a few of the new words in a notebook or on your mobile phone.
A.So choose newer videos.
B.You can choose some that look interesting.
C.They may sound a little strange at a slower speed.
D.With this method,you are testing your English skills.
E.Then watch the video again,this time with closed captions.
F.Besides,try using your notebook as you learn English in your everyday life.
G.Now let’s talk about steps you can take to get the most out of watching them.
Passage 4
(2022广西柳州三模)
Negative thinking leads to negative consequences.So how do we deal with that negative junk in our head The ways may be various,but they all have one idea in common: 1 External factors influence our lie to some degree,but it is mostly how we interpret external factors that has the greatest impact.Here is what we can do.
2 Do you want to catch a cold Stay with people with a cold.I am not sure whether the advice stands,but it is partly true.People are likely to hang around with individuals who are similar to themselves.Poor people like to surround themselves with other poor people,and rich people with other rich people.Negative people are not optimistic.So make friends with positive people. 3
Accept and move on.Expecting everything to be perfect can be disturbing and it robs you of true happiness,so accept everything is not so perfect.Actually a meaningless thought is full of junk. 4 Then,go about your normal day and occupy your mind with an activity you love.
Mind your attitude.It starts the moment you wake up in the morning.Ask yourself:Do I want to be happy or miserable 5 If you intend to hold on to a negative frame of mind,you are inevitably choosing to be unhappy.If you want to achieve your own inner happiness,you are likely to cultivate it through good and uplifting thoughts.
A.We are our own masters.
B.The choice you make decides.
C.You should let go of it consciously.
D.Associate with like-minded people.
E.First,finish the assignment without any delay.
F.We probably release our stress by talking to others.
G.They often melt away all the negativity around them.
题型针对练(二)——段首句类
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了健康的家庭关系的一些特征。
1.D 解析 根据上文“A healthy family relationship is the base of a happy family.”和下文“Although family relationships are different,there are certain characteristics that healthy family relationships share.”可知,上文指出健康的家庭关系是幸福家庭的基础,下文指出健康的家庭有一些共同的特征。由此推知,空处承接上文,指出健康的家庭关系的好处。D项“它为成员提供他们所需要的支持和鼓励”符合题意,选项中的“It”指代上文的“A healthy family relationship”。
2.G 解析 设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Family members listen to...love and affection are made clear by the use of positive words.”可知,在健康的家庭关系中成员们的交流都是积极的、有意义的。G项“拥有健康关系的家庭会进行积极而有意义的交流”符合本段主旨,“communication”是关键词。
3.A 解析 设空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Family members hold family as a top priority...always there for each other in times of crisis.”可知,家庭成员会相互帮助,这样成员就不会觉得什么都靠自己独立解决。A项“因此,家庭成员们并不觉得自己是孤立无援的”符合题意,与上文形成明显的因果关系。
4.E 解析 根据主旨句“A characteristic of a healthy family relationship is that they spend time doing enjoyable activities together.”可知,本段主要说明在健康的家庭关系中成员们会一起度过快乐、有意义的时光。再结合下文“Often,these activities become family traditions...every weekend or playing sports together.”推知,上文提到了有利于增进家庭成员关系的活动。E项“家庭成员倾向于选择有助于家庭关系更加亲密的活动”符合题意,且贴合主旨,下文的“these activities”指代选项中的“activities that help the family to grow closer”。
5.C 解析 设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Family members accept that...show appreciation for other members.”可知,虽然家庭成员性格迥异,但要承认彼此的成就,并且相互赞赏,即家庭成员之间应该尊重并欣赏。C项“尊重是健康家庭关系的重要特征”可以作为本段主旨句。
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学学习的方法。
1.D 解析 根据上文“Studying smarter,not longer,matters now more than ever,with students in many countries having to manage their time and study more on their own.”和下文“The good news:Science points to ones that really work.”可知,这里介绍好多学生没有掌握学习的技能。D项符合题意。
2.C 解析 根据上文“Pay attention to drawings,graphics,charts and other visual aids in your class materials,psychologist Mark McDaniel says.”可知,本段介绍的是注意图片对记忆的好处。C项符合题意。
3.F 解析 根据下文“But if you think about a lemon or vinegar,it’s easier to understand and remember that acids and sour go together.”中的But可知,这里介绍单纯的记忆很困难。F项符合题意。
4.B 解析 根据下文“Instead,allow time between study sessions and you’ll learn and remember material better.”可知,本段介绍的是要合理安排学习时间。B项符合题意。
5.E 解析 根据本段开头“Dig deeper.”和上文“‘It’s asking a lot of how and why questions about it,’ Nebel says.”可知,本段介绍的是我们深入学习,要学会钻研。E项符合题意。
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何通过看英语电影的预告片来获得最大的收获。
1.G 解析 上文“It has been shown that watching English movie trailers can improve your English vocabulary and thinking skills.”提到,看英语电影预告片可以提高你的英语词汇量和思维能力,下文是具体的步骤,所以G项“现在让我们来谈谈你可以采取的步骤,以获得最大的收获”起承上启下的作用。
2.B 解析 上文“Several film trailers will appear.” 提到会出现几部电影预告片,结合下文“Animated films can be an especially good choice for English practice no matter how old you are.”可知,B项“你可以选择一些看起来很有趣的电影预告片”引出下文,符合语境。
3.A 解析 根据段首句“Make sure the video you choose offers closed captions”可知,要选择带字幕的影片,结合空前一句“Keep in mind that trailers more than five or seven years old may not offer closed captions on YouTube.”可知,超过5或7年的预告片可能没有字幕,所以要选择更新一点的视频,A项“所以选择更新的视频”承接上文。
4.D 解析 上文“Try to understand what the story is about overall.Then watch it again to seek more details.”是描述方法,结合空后“It will give you an idea of whether the dialogue is too fast or difficult for your skill level.”可知,D项“用这种方法测试你的英语技能”与上下文关系紧密,符合语境。
5.E 解析 设空处是段落主题句,下文“Find the ‘CC’ setting at the bottom of the video and click the captions.This can help you in several ways.”谈论的是点击字幕及好处,故E项“再看一遍视频,这次是带隐藏式字幕的”符合语境。
Passage 4
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了消极思维导致消极后果,介绍了如何处理消极思维。
1.A 解析 根据上文“Negative thinking leads to negative consequences....but they all have one idea in common”以及下文“External factors influence our lie to some degree...Here is what we can do.”可知,上文提到都有一个共同的主旨,可知本句承接上文说明这一主旨是什么:我们是自己的主人。故A项“我们是自己的主人”符合语境。
2.D 解析 根据下文“Do you want to catch a cold ...So make friends with positive people.”可知,下文提到要和与自己相似的人待在一起,建议与志趣相投的人来往。故D项“与志趣相投的人交往”符合语境。
3.G 解析 根据上文“So make friends with positive people.”可知,上文提到要和积极向上的人交朋友,本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文说明结果:他们经常会融化掉周围所有的消极情绪。G项中They对应上文中positive people。故G项“他们经常会融化掉周围所有的消极情绪”符合语境。
4.C 解析 根据上文“Accept and move on...Actually a meaningless thought is full of junk.”以及下文“Then,go about your normal day and occupy your mind with an activity you love.”可知,上文提到一个无意义的想法充满了垃圾,所以推测本句是在说明要有意识地放弃那些无意义的想法。故C项“你应该有意识地放手”符合语境。