2023年中考英语主题阅读理解-科技文阅读第一辑（含答案）

中考阅读专项-科技文阅读 第一辑
(篇目1)
A nice day out for the whole family! Come and see our beautiful birds, huge mammals(哺乳动物), lovely marsupials(有袋类) and reptiles(爬行类) in our zoo! Scientists will give wonderful lessons about animals every Tuesday! Don’t miss it!
Adult: $55 Child: $45 (50% off for kids under 10 on weekends) Family: (2 adults + 2 children): $172
1．Where can visitors see kangaroos and tortoises
A．Area A and Area B． B．Area A and Area C．
C．Area B and Area C． D．Area C and Area D．
2．Which of the following animals can visitors see on Saturdays
A．Crocodiles. B．Parrots. C．Tortoises. D．Koalas.
3．If an 8-year-old kid and his parents visit the zoo on Sunday, how much should they pay
A．$172 B．$100 C．$77.5 D．$132.5
(篇目2)
Health problems which are connected to climate(气候) change are getting worse, say two recent reports.
The reports followed 44 health problems that are connected to climate change around the word. They include heat deaths, infectious diseases(传染病) and hunger. “All of them are getting worse,” said Marina Romanello. She is a research director of the Lancet Countdown project. “With global warming getting worse, doing nothing on climate and health will cost more than acting now,” one of the report says.
The reports are called “code red for a healthy future”. One report is centered on the US and the other is centered on the whole world. The reports found some dangerous facts. At-risk populations like older people and the very young are more easily infuenced by high temperatures. For people over 65, the researchers found they stayed longer in great heat than the average(平均的) from 1986 to 2005. Also, there are more people living in warm places where it is easier for some diseases to spread. For example, coast areas are warm enough for dangerous bacteria(细菌) to grow. In some poor nations, the season for disease-spreading mosquitoes(蚊子) has got longer since the 1950s.
The research also found that 72 percent of countries saw an increase in wild fires. And in 2020, up to 19 percent of the world’s land surface was influenced by extreme drought(极端干旱). In the US, the heat, fire and drought caused the biggest problems. The Pacific Northwest and Canada saw extreme heat waves last summer. An earlier study found that the heat waves would not have happened if there were no human-caused climate change.
4．What did the reports find according to Paragraph 3
A．At-risk populations are more easily influenced by high temperatures.
B．Climate change doesn’t influence people who are under 65.
C．It’s easier for some diseases to spread in warm places.
D．In poor nations, the season for mosquitoes becomes longer.
5．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To show how to protect the environment.
B．To tell people to take action to keep healthy.
C．To let more people know the importance of health.
D．To ask people to pay attention to environment protection.
6．What’s the passage mainly about
A．The results of climate change.
B．The reasons why climate changes.
C．Health problems connected to climate change.
D．Deaths caused by human-caused climate change.
7．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
(篇目3)
On October 16, China launched the crewed (载人的) spaceship Shenzhou-13, sending three taikonauts to its Tiangong space station. About 6.5 hours after the launch, the spaceship successfully docked (对接) with the Tianhe core (核心) module of the station.
The three-person team is the second crew (工作人员) to have entered Tiangong. The team is led by China’s first spacewalker Zhai Zhigang. The other two astronauts are WangYaping and Ye Guangfu. They will live and work together at the station for six months. This will be China’s longest-ever crewed mission.
During their six-month stay, the crew will carry out a number of tasks. For example, they will do two to three spacewalks to install (安装) equipment in preparation for future construction (建设) work. Wang Yaping,41, will become the first Chinese woman to perform a spacewalk. “Apart from the tasks, we also hope to do more space science education,” she said. “This will bring space closer to the general public.” As a result, they will learn more about the astronauts’ life in space.
Shenzhou-13 is China’s last major space mission this year. Another six missions are planned for next year to finish the construction of the space station. Once it’s completed, Tiangong will be about one-fifth the size of the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS will reach the end of its life in 2024. Tiangong is likely to be the only operational near Earth orbit (近地轨道) space station by then. China looks forward to hosting astronsuts from other countries.
8．Which of the following belong to the team Check and choose the right answer.
①Zhai Zhigang ② Yang Liwei ③ Wang Yaping ④Ye Guangfu
A．①③④ B．①②③ C．②③④ D．①②④
9．How soon will the ISS probably come to end its life
A．In one year. B．In two years. C．In four years. D．In six years.
10．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The equipment in preparation. B．The spacewalk.
C．The education about space science. D．The astronauts’ life.
11．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
(篇目4)
As temperatures began dropping in South Florida, the US National Weather Service began warning people that iguanas (鬣蜥蜴) might soon fall from trees. It didn’t take long for the prediction to come true when the temperatures fell lower and lower. Several people posted pictures of the fallen iguanas on social media. One person wrote, “It’s true. A lot of iguanas are falling from trees in South Florida.”
What happened Iguanas are cold-blooded. That means they don’t make their own body heat like humans. Instead, they get their warmth from their environment. When it’s too cold, iguanas fall into a kind of sleep. For iguanas in trees, that means they can lose their hold and fall to the ground.
If you don’t think it seems natural for iguanas to have this problem, you’re right. Green iguanas aren’t actually supposed to be in Florida at all. They were from warmer places. They were brought to Florida by accident. Some were carried on ships. Others came as pets and got free.
Even though iguanas may look dead, they’re usually not. This weekend, experts warned people in Florida not to bring iguanas inside to warm them up. Once they recover (恢复), they’re not always friendly.
12．Why doesn’t it seem natural for iguanas to fall from the trees
A．Because they are strong. B．Because they stay under trees.
C．Because they usually live in warm places. D．Because they like the cold.
13．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．It’s not safe to bring fallen iguanas back home. B．Iguanas will die if they fall from trees.
C．Iguanas can get along well with people. D．Iguanas can recover very easily.
14．What is the best title for the passage
A．Why there are so many iguanas in Florida B．How iguanas get warm during cold weather
C．Fallen iguanas bring trouble to people in Florida D．Florida’s cold weather brings fallen iguanas
(篇目5)
As people spend more time indoors because of COVID-19, at-home hobbies have become popular. Michael Crowe has sold at-home tools since 2017. He said, “It seems that everybody is trying to grow mushrooms（蘑菇）.”
Crowe said that his customers often sent him photos of their mushrooms. “It’s just so cool because it can bring together people of all ages and people all over the place can grow food and have a really good time learning about it,” he said. What’s more, it is said that people who regularly garden will have a lower level of nervousness.
Unlike most crops, mushrooms have a clear growing process（过程）. People don’t have to wait for months to see the fruit of their work, as mushrooms grow quickly when placed in the right conditions.
“I buy the tools to watch the growing process of mushrooms. If you look away for two hours and look back, they double in size,” at-home grower Jenn Xu said.
As people feel the simple joy of cooking and gardening, growing mushrooms is also good for the environment. With water and a knife, it’s easy to start growing mushrooms. As the tools continue to be sold well, it seems that this trend（趋势）is here to stay.
15．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The power of community service. B．The way to grow food.
C．The advantages of growing mushrooms. D．The difficulty in building indoor hobbies.
16．What can we say about mushrooms’ growing
A．It is a long process. B．It takes up much space. C．It can be very quick. D．It needs some high technologies.
17．What does the underlined word “they” in the passage refer to
A．Tools. B．Two hours. C．Processes. D．Mushrooms.
18．What does the writer mainly want to tell us in the last paragraph
A．Growing mushrooms continues to be popular.
B．People need training before growing mushrooms.
C．Growing mushrooms helps people live a healthy life.
D．People will get bored with growing mushrooms quickly.
(篇目6)
Imagine a perfect day: the weather is good and everything seems fine. When, suddenly, your mobile phone loses its signal, the television has no programs, and you can’t get online with your computer. What has happened These are just the types of problems a solar storm (太阳风暴) might cause. You may not think of storms as putting our society in danger. But today, a solar storm is as serious as other bad events, such as earthquakes.
A solar storm is caused by solar flares (太阳耀斑): large explosions (爆炸) near the sun that can give off lots of energy. The strong energy can stop the satellite systems that control our computer, telecomputer networks and so on. These storms can even cause the power to go out for weeks or months.
In the past few months, scientists have recorded some of the strongest sun flares in years. The most recent one happened around Valentine’s Day, 2011. It caused radio and satellite signals to go down in some northern cities in China.
“Solar flare activity is going to be much worse than what we’ve seen in the past. We’re not talking about a few cities losing power, it could be half of the country, maybe more,” a US website about space weather, warned.
Scientists say that little can be done to predict such a storm. Governments around the world are trying to work together before the next storm, although they are not sure when that may happen.
19．According to the passage, a solar storm can cause many problems except that ________.
A．earthquakes happen B．mobile phones have no signals
C．people cannot get online D．the power may go out
20．According to the passage, solar flares are ________.
A．telecomputer networks B．solar storms
C．large explosions near the sun D．the energy of the sun
21．In 2011, ________ caused radio and satellite signals to go down in some northern cities in China.
A．earthquakes B．satellite systems C．solar flares D．telecomputer networks
22．From the passage, the right order of the following is ________.
a. Solar flares give off lots of energy. b. People can’t get online with their computers.
c. Solar storms happen. d. Satellite systems are stopped.
A．a-b-c-d B．a-c-d-b C．c-a-b-d D．c-b-a-d
23．This article mainly tells us ________.
A．the weather is good and everything seems fine on a perfect day
B．something about why we can’t get online with our computer
C．some facts about a solar storm
D．how to predict a solar storm
(篇目7)
Plastic pollution has long been a problem, but now it has got to a new height.
Micro-plastics, plastic particles (颗粒) less than 5 millimeters, have been found on Mount Qomolangma as high as 8,440 meters above sea level, according to a recent study in One Earth, “These are the highest micro-plastics ever discovered so far,” lead writer Imogen Napper from the University of Plymouth, UK, said.
Scientists collected snow and water samples from 19 different locations from 4,200 meters above sea level all the way up to the top of Mount Qomolangma. They found micro-plastics in all the water samples and part of the snow samples. The most polluted sample was from the Base Camp in Nepal, where there are many human activities. It had 79 particles of micro-plastics per liter (升) of snow.
But how can they get there The answer is human activities. It is climbers who bring plastic products to the mountain. Even if they don’t litter, just walking for 20 minutes or opening a bottle of water can send micro plastics into the environment.
The plastic pollution has reached the most distant places on Earth. Researchers even found a plastic bag at the deepest point in the world’s oceans—the Mariana Tench (里业纳海沟). The bag is the same as the ones commonly used in stores.
Even covered in ice, the Arctic is still polluted by plastic. A 2020 report in Nature suggests that there are 2,000 to 17,000 plastic particles per cubic meter in Arctic ice (冰芯), and between 0 to 18 plastic particles per cubic meter from the water under the ice. Experts think micro-plastics may be transported by air and then reach the North Pole in snowfall.
We don’t know the potential (潜在的) problems these plastic particles would bring to the environment and our health, said a scientist. Then what can we do We need to turn to high technology, like using new environment-friendly materials instead of plastic when possible.
24．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The plastic pollution has reached the most distant places.
B．It is human activities that bring plastic products to the mountain.
C．Micro plastics were found in all the water samples and part of the snow samples.
D．The water samples and the snow samples show that Mount Qomolangma is polluted by plastic.
25．Match the places with the information and choose the right answer.
① Mount Qomolangma ② the Base Camp ③ the Mariana Trench ④ the Arctic
a. At the deepest point in the world’s oceans, a plastic bag was found.
b. Covered in ice, it is still polluted by plastic.
c. The sample from there had 79 particles of micro-plastics per liter of snow.
d. The highest micro-plastics ever have been found there.
A．①-a ②-b ③-c ④-d B．①-d ②-a ③-c ④-b C．①-d ②-c ③-a ④-b D．①-a ②-d ③-c ④-b
26．How did the micro-plastics get to the high place of Qomolangma
A．The wind blew them there.
B．They dropped there with rain.
C．Climbers brought plastic products to the mountain.
D．Some people threw plastic products there on purpose.
27．What can we infer according to the passage
A．Plastic particles can only be seen in the most distant places.
B．Plastic pollution problems may be solved with the help of technology.
C．With the development of technology, plastic particles will disappear soon.
D．Plastic pollution has long been a problem, but now it has been solved well.
(篇目8)
More biking, better public transport and odd-even bans on vehicles (车辆单双号限行)—many cities are using different ways to tackle traffic pollution and improve health.
Paris bans cars in many historic central places at weekends, carries out odd-even bans on vehicles, and makes public transport free during serious pollution events and encourages car-and bike-sharing programs.
Reports about serious pollution levels in Delhi, India drove the city to ban all new large diesel cars (柴油汽车) and diesel taxis. The city has started odd-even bans on vehicles and is now encouraging Uber-style minibuses. Other cities considering diesel bans are Dublin and Brussels.
Helsinki, capital of Finland, plans to totally cut down the number of cars on its streets by developing better public transport, raising the parking prices and encouraging bikes and walking. The government hopes that in this way no one will want a car by 2050.
Freiburg, Germany has 500km of bike routes and a cheap and convenient public transport system. One town, Vauban, does not allow people to park cars near their homes and makes car-owners pay ?18,000 for a special space near the town. In return for living without a car, people are offered cheaper housing, free public transport, and many bicycle spaces.
Copenhagen, Denmark prefers bikes to cars and now has more bicycles than people. The city believes that one mile on a bike is worth $0.42 to society, while one mile in a car is a $0.20 loss (损失). Large parts of the city have been closed to cars for years and the city plans to become carbon balance(碳平衡) by 2025.
28．What does the underlined word “tackle” in the first paragraph mean
A．应对 B．反驳 C．预警 D．忽略
29．What can we learn from the third paragraph
A．People can’t find diesel cars in Delhi now.
B．People in Delhi are encouraged to ride bikes.
C．Diesel cars play a part in Delhi’s air pollution.
D．Delhi will experience odd-even bans on vehicles soon.
30．What does Helsinki do to cut down the number of cars on the street
A．Develop better public transport. B．Stop people parking cars in the city.
C．Offer free bikes to people. D．Collect parking fees.
31．Which of the following is TRUE
A．There are more bikes than cars in Vauban.
B．In Vauban, people don’t have to pay for public transport.
C．In Copenhagen, people can’t park cars near their homes.
D．It’s cheap for people to buy houses in Copenhagen.
(篇目9)
On Dec 9, 2021, three Chinese astronauts gave a Science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth. Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, who are working in the Tiangong space station, showed millions of students their life there. They also did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them.
Use it or lose it
The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity (重). But In space, our bones and muscle ((肌肉) don’t need to sustain (维持) our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. NASA says that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous because they will be too weak to work. Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. There are many elastic bands (弹力带) inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch the bands. This keeps their muscles strong.
________. During another experiment, Wang made a water film (膜). Then she added more. water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth. Why We need to first understand the surface tension (表面张力) of water. It is like a “skin” of water. The “skin” is there because water molecules (分子) are drawn to each other. Most of the time, gravity is too strong and it breaks the “skin”. But with zero gravity in space, the “skin” stays strong and the water ball will not break. Water in space acts differently from water on Earth in other ways. For example, water will not flow downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws (吸管) in sealed bags.
32．What can we learn about the lecture from space
A．It is a part of the astronauts daily work. B．It took place in the International Space Station.
C．It is one of the astronauts’ ways to ask for help. D．It took place 400 kilometers above Earth.
33．What does the underlined word “they” in the passage refer to
A．astronauts B．muscles C．bones D．bodies
34．Which of the following is the best to fill in “________” in the passage
A．Space water is valuable B．Space water is different
C．Space water is important D．Space water is common
35．What’s the writer’s purpose in this passage
A．To raise people’s interest in space exploration.
B．To explain the importance of space experiments.
C．To ask readers to do more science experiments.
D．To introduce the space lecture given by Chinese astronauts.
36．Where is the passage probably from
A．A science fiction B．A history book C．An art magazine D．A news website
参考答案：
1．A 2．D 3．D
4．A 5．D 6．C 7．A
8．A 9．B 10．C 11．C
12．C 13．A 14．D
15．C 16．C 17．D 18．A
19．A 20．C 21．C 22．B 23．C
24．D 25．C 26．C 27．B
28．A 29．C 30．A 31．B
32．D 33．A 34．B 35．D 36．D