2023年中考英语主题阅读理解-科技文阅读第二辑（含答案）

中考阅读专项-科技文阅读 第二辑
(篇目1)
The documentary Born in China was shot in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原) and shows animals’ lives during different seasons.
It not only brings to audiences the lives of animals that are rarely seen in the wild giant pandas and Tibetan antelopes (藏羚羊), for example, but also shows traditional Chinese culture. The film mainly focuses on life and love within three animal families—giant pandas, golden monkeys and snow leopards.
A symbol of China, the giant panda is both black and white. Its body is thought to show yin and yang. The panda’s gentle nature (本性) also shows how yin and yang when perfectly balanced, lead to peace and harmony (和谐). This can be seen in the documentary when a giant panda mother guides her baby to gradually look for independence and explore the world.
Monkeys always have strong personalities. The best example might be the Monkey King, a character from the popular novel Journey to the West. On one hand, he stands for impatience. But on the other hand, he shows cleverness and energy. Born in China follows a 2-year-old golden monkey who feels like his life has been changed for the worse by his new baby sister. He quickly joins up with a group of other free-spirited monkeys, but finally returns to his family and understands the meaning of responsibility.
A mother snow leopard faces the challenge of raising her two children in a harsh environment. The leopards, known for their rapid attacks and quick footwork, have inspired a form of pictographic boxing (象形拳) in Shaolin martial arts (武术).
“Born in China is a means to show Chinese traditional culture,” director Lu told the Binhai Times newspaper. “From five-animal exercises to pictographic boxing, Chinese people have learned from wild animals since ancient times.”
1．The film Born in China mainly focuses on life and love within three animal, families of ________.
A．giant pandas, golden monkeys and snow leopards
B．giant pandas, golden monkeys and Tibetan antelopes
C．giant pandas, snow leopards and Tibetan antelopes
2．How is Born in China special
A．It shows audiences the lives of animals in the wild.
B．It shows Chinese traditional culture through the lives of animals.
C．It is the first wildlife documentary ever made in China.
3．The golden monkey leaves home because ________.
A．he can’t get along with the Monkey King
B．his mother wants him to be more independent
C．he feels that his little sister has changed his life for the worse
4．What do we know about the snow leopards in the documentary
A．It shows the importance of exploring the world.
B．It was inspired by the novel Journey to the West.
C．It shows what people can learn from animals.
5．What does the underlined word “harsh” in paragraph 5 mean
A．polluted B．hard C．comfortable
(篇目2)
Shenzhou-13 manned spacecraft（载人航天飞船）went to space successfully on October 16. Three Chinese astronauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping, Ye Guangfu were taken to space. Wang Yaping becomes the first woman to enter Tiangong space station.
Wang was born in 1980 in Shandong Province. Wang’s space dream started in 2003, when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space. At that time, Wang was a pilot in the Chinese army. After having safe flights for 1,600 hours over nine years, Wang was chosen into the second batch（一批）of Chinese taikonauts in 2010 and became a strong candidate（候选人）for China’s first flight as a female taikonaut. She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men. “The space environment won’t change because you are a woman,” she told Xinhua.
However, she did not pass her final tests and Liu Yang was named the “first female” taikonaut. Wang did not lose heart but trained even harder. The candidate always ran three circles more than others in physical courses, and she asked to train in the pressure room for extra 30 minutes each time. Her efforts finally came to success. Wang took part in the Shenzhou-10 space mission（任务）in 2013.
Wang said that as astronauts, women have their own advantages（优势）. “Women may be more patient and can better deal with loneliness. Women’s hearts are also easier to adapt（适应）to the weightless environment, making them more suitable for long-term missions.”
Wang Yaping went a long way before becoming a “space heroine” to enter the Tiangong space station. She sets a good example for all women who dream of going to space.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
6．What do Wang’s words mean in Paragraph 2
A．Only men can go to space.
B．The space environment is easy to change.
C．Both male and female astronauts can go to space.
D．Men and women will face the same difficulties in space.
7．What does the underlined word “extra” in paragraph 3 mean
A．better B．more C．fewer D．less
8．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Wang dreamed of being an astronaut in 2010.
B．Wang is the first female astronaut in the world.
C．Wang Yaping was born in Shandong Province.
D．It was a short time before Wang made her dream come true.
9．In what order did the following events take place
a. Wang took part in the Shenzhou-10 space mission.
b. Wang was a pilot in the Chinese army.
c. Wang became a crew member of the Shenzhou-13 crewed mission.
d. Wang became a member of the second batch of Chinese tikonauts.
A．b-d-a-c B．b-a-c-d C．a-b-c-d D．a-c-d-b
10．What can be the best title of the passage
A．The “first female” taikonaut B．Wang Yaping and Liu Yang
C．A space heroine—Wang Yaping D．The Shenzhou-13 crewed mission
(篇目3)
The modern world runs on energy. However, in the past human society used very little energy like wind, water and fire could provide. There are many different ways to create energy, but some ways are harmful to the environment.
Fossil fuels (化石燃料) are the most common kind of energy. They include coal, oil, and natural gas. First, people have to dig them from the ground. This can sometimes harm the environment. However, scientists are creating cleaner and better ways to do that these days. So the environment is not harmed as much as before. But when people burn these fossil fuels, they can give off a lot of harmful gases, which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming. This might harm the environment.
Tidal (潮汐) energy is another way to make electricity. It uses the ocean tides to make electricity. But some kinds of tidal energy can kill many fishes and other sea animals. Also dams can create lakes and lots of clean energy, but they change the way that rivers run. So they can do great harm to the balance of nature around the lakes and along the rivers.
Nuclear (核) energy is a very powerful form of energy. It is cheap and very clean. However, many people are afraid of it because there have been some very serious accidents in the past which caused great harm both to humans and nature. But the technology is much better these days. Many countries are starting to use nuclear energy more.
We live in an age when it is possible to use different kinds of energy. Whatever kind of energy we use, it should be good for people and environment.
11．What do you know about fossil fuels after reading the passage
A．They are dug from the ground. B．They are considered expensive.
C．They hardly harm the environment. D．They are not widely used in the world.
12．What problem can tidal energy make
A．It can cause serious accidents. B．It can change the way that rivers run.
C．It can give off a lot of harmful gases. D．It can kill many living things in the river.
13．Why do many countries start to use nuclear energy more
A．It’s a common kind of energy. B．People are not afraid of it now.
C．It’s cheap, clean and safer than before. D．People can’t live without nuclear energy.
14．What does the underlined word “dams” mean
A．Walls which are built across river. B．Houses which are built across river.
C．Bridges which are built across river. D．Railways which are built across river.
15．What is the best title of the passage
A．Serious Accidents in the Past B．Balance of Nature and People
C．Different Ways to Create Energy D．Cleaner and Better Environment
(篇目4)
We’ve been driving around in gas (汽油)—powered cars for over 100 years. Once we run out of all the oil from the earth, we can’t make more. Is it time for a change
Biofuel
One simple way to use less gas is to fill up with biofuel, a fuel (燃料) made from plants. Biofuels can be brewed (酿制) from corn, wheat stems or other plant waste. Even old cooking oil can be turned into diesel, a fuel used in trucks. Most cars can’t run only on biofuel, so it’s mixed with gas. But every little bit helps!
Go electric
An electric car has an electric motor that runs on batteries, which come in a big pack. Instead of filling up the tank, an electric car owner plugs (插) it into an outlet to recharge (充电). What happens when the batteries run down You need to find somewhere to plug in. It can take anywhere from 30 minutes to 8 hours to recharge an electric car. That’s not as handy as a quick stop at a gas station.
Hybrid (gas + electric)
A hybrid car has two engines—one uses gas and the other uses electricity. For short trips, it turns on batteries like an—electric car. But if the batteries are low, the car can change to the gas engine. This can be a good choice for people who are worried about the batteries running out halfway through a trip. But when the car burns gas, it still gives off waste gases like a regular car.
Solar power
Could we use the sun to power cars Some car companies are working on it. A solar car has an electric motor that runs on batteries. But instead of being plugged in, the batteries are recharged by the solar panels (太阳能板) on the car’s roof and body. To charge up, you just need to park the car in the sun! But making solar panels and batteries that are powerful enough to move a car is very expensive. It might take a good bit of time before solar cars are available to the general public.
16．What is biofuel made from
A． B． C． D．
17．What does the underlined word “handy” mean in Chinese
A．方便的 B．耗时的 C．时尚的 D．便宜的
18．What is the problem with a hybrid car
A．It can only be used for short trips.
B．It is difficult to repair a broken hybrid car.
C．It still produces harmful gases when burning gasoline.
D．It is not easy to change from the electric engine to the gas one.
19．What can we learn about the solar cars from the passage
A．They cannot only run on solar power.
B．They need to be plugged in for recharging.
C．They are too heavy for the batteries to run.
D．They are too expensive for common people to afford now.
20．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Ways to replace gas. B．Qualities of different cars.
C．Suggestions on reducing air pollution. D．Disadvantages of different kinds of energy.
(篇目5)
No one can change the weather. But if we understand the signs around us, we can tell the changes in weather. This way of telling what the weather will be like on the following days is called weather forecasting (预测).
For many centuries and in all countries, people have studied the weather and tried to make weather forecasting. For example, rings around the sun are a sign of coming rain. And wet weather often makes people feel their joints (关节) hurt. Some birds fly high if fine weather is coming, but they fly near the ground if rainy weather is on the way. If you see a rainbow (彩虹) during rainy weather, this is a sign that the weather will become clear and fine. Such rainbows come in the evening.
If the stars look bright and clear at night, then fine weather will continue. If a big fog appears in the morning just above a river, then the day will be warm. If the sunset (落日) is red in color, then the following day will be fine. If a rainbow appears in the morning, rainy weather will probably come. If you know how to read these signs in the right way, you will become a good weather reporter!
21．The Chinese meaning of the phrase “on the way” in the passage is probably ________.
A．离开 B．消失 C．到来 D．变化
22．When the stars are bright and clear at night, the weather will be ________.
A．windy B．rainy C．snowy D．fine
23．The weather will be rainy when ________.
A．a rainbow appears in the morning B．some birds fly high in the sky
C．a big fog appears in the morning D．the sunset is red in color
24．The purpose of the passage is to tell us ________.
A．different kinds of weather B．how to make weather forecasting
C．all animals can help us forecast weather D．some stories about weather
(篇目6)
Deadly flooding has swept China’s central Henan Province. More than hundreds of thousands of people have been influenced. Up to August 2, a total of 302 people have been killed and 50 missing.
Like many other natural disasters, floods can happen with little or no warning. Flash floods move quickly and have strong currents (水流). They are known to bring down trees and destroy buildings. Besides, floods can cause power cuts (停电), traffic jams and other problems. But the flood itself isn’t the only problem to deal with. After a flood, its influence can be just as deadly, as it may not be feasible to send basic supplies, such as water and food to the area.
So, in the face of a flash flood, how should we save ourselves
Avoid bridges that rapidly-moving water is crossing, as floodwaters can cause bridges to break. Listen to emergency broadcasts (应急广播) for further instructions. If told to move to another place, do so. Stay inside the car if it’s caught in a fast-moving water. Only get out if the water begins to flood the car itself, and then move to the roof of the car. If caught within a flooded building, move to the higher floor. Only move to the roof if necessary.Once there, signal for help, such as drawing SOS on the roof. Stay away from power lines (电线), as they are often destroyed or knocked down during strong storms.
Besides, here are also some tips to keep in mind after a flood.Do not drink floodwater,or use it to wash food. Return to your home only after local governments have said it is safe to do so. Use only bottled or boiled water for drinking, cooking and bathing. Avoid driving through flooded areas.
25．Before a flood is coming, ________ can be noticed.
A．few signs B．power cuts C．traffic jams D．strong currents
26．What does the underlined word “feasible” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Important. B．Dangerous. C．Expensive. D．Possible.
27．Which of the following is correct when we are in a flood
①Don’t stay on a bridge to be broken.
②Always stay in the car.
③Move to the roof at once whatever happens.
④Don’t get close to power lines.
⑤Pay attention to the broadcasts.
A．②③ B．①④⑤ C．①②④⑤ D．②③④⑤
28．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph
A．What life is like after a flood. B．When we can go back home after a flood.
C．What to do or not to do after a flood. D．How to choose drinkable water after a flood.
29．The purpose of the passage is ________.
A．to report the latest news in Henan
B．to tell readers how a flood happens
C．to remind readers to stay away from flooded areas
D．to give readers some advice on keeping safe in floods
(篇目7)
Thousands of years ago, Chinese poet Qu Yuan wrote the poem Tianwen, in which he came up with many questions about the sky, stars, nature, and the world around us. The poem showed his doubts about traditional ideas and the spirit of finding the truth.
Inspired by the great poet, China has named its next planetary exploration tasks (行星探测任务) after the poem. The first one—a Mars (火星) exploration task—has been named Tianwen 1. This shows China’s strong wish to explore space and discover its secrets.
Up to now, China has been making great progress in space exploration. As early as 1970, China sent its first man-made Earth satellite (卫星) into space, becoming the fifth country in the world. Since 2003, China has carried out six Shenzhou tasks and sent two space labs into Earth’s orbit (轨道). In December 2018, China became the first country to send the probe (探测器) Chang’e 4 to the moon’s far side, which people can never see from Earth.
In the future, the Tianwen will follow the Shenzhou and Chang’e and move further into space. The first step is to send a Mars probe this year, which will mark the start of China’s exploration of the Mars. The probe is expected to move around, land on and explore Mars in one task. If it succeeds, it will be the first to complete all of these in one task.
After this task, China plans to visit Mars again in 2028, in order to collect soil from the surface and bring it to Earth. Around 2030, China will explore Jupiter. There is no doubt that China’s space exploration will have a bright future.
30．“If it succeeds, it will be the first to complete all of these in one task.” shows______.
A．Great progress has been made by China in exploring the Mars.
B．Tianwen l is going to move further into space and explore Mars.
C．China will become the first country in the world to explore Mars.
D．No probe has moved around, landed on and explored Mars in one task.
31．According to the passage, Picture______can show the progress made by Chang’e 4.
A． B．
C． D．
32．The best title of the passage may be “______”.
A．Cultural Meaning Behind Tianwen B．China’s Space Exploration Project
C．Development of Tianwen Series D．Tianwen—Moving Further into Space
33．The structure of the passage may be______.
A． B．
C． D．
(篇目8)
During the two sessions（两会）, Lei Jun, a Chinese entrepreneur（企业家）, called for more e-waste recycling plans in China.
“China should set up different recycling plans to make full use of the huge number of unwanted smartphones and computers to reduce the country’s carbon dioxide emissions（二氧化碳排放量）,” Lei told CCTV News.
The world’s e-waste will reach 74.7 million tons by 2030. That’s almost double of what it has been in the past 16 years. This makes e-waste the world’s fastest-growing waste. However, in 2019, only 17.4 percent of the world’s e-waste was collected and recycled. This means many high-valued materials（材料）were mostly burned or thrown away instead of being re-used. It not only wastes money but also is harmful to the environment and people’s health.
With the development of electronics industry, e-waste pollution has become a serious problem. Therefore, tech companies are looking for different ways to solve the problem. For example, a US company built a robot called Daisy to take phones apart. It can take 200 phones apart within an hour. The phones used to be cut up before people took the useful materials out. Now with Daisy, valuable materials can be taken out more easily. A tech company in Korea plans to use recycled materials in all of its new products by the year of 2025. It also plans to reduce e-waste by increasing product life cycles. A tech company in China is setting up e-waste recycling teams so that people can give away or sell their old electronic products more easily.
34．Why did Lei Jun call for more e-waste recycling plans in China
A．To remain product life cycles. B．To produce more smart phones.
C．To give off less carbon dioxide. D．To take electronic products apart easily.
35．What can we know about e-waste from the third paragraph
A．E-waste has doubled in the past 16 years.
B．People can get useful materials from e-waste.
C．Half of the world’s e-waste was recycled in 2019.
D．Japan is the world’s largest producer of e-waste.
36．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．The future of world’s e-products.
B．Environmental pollution caused by e-waste.
C．The reasons why e-waste should be dealt with.
D．The ways different countries choose to deal with e-waste.
(篇目9)
You might not expect it, but cows can lead to air pollution. Now scientists have shown that the pollution from cows can be cut by adding a little seaweed (海草) to their food.
Cows have one stomach, but it has four separate parts. This allows them to process grass and other foods that humans can’t digest (消化). One of their stomach parts has a special chemical. It helps break down the grass into something the cow’s body can use. But the process produces lots of methane (甲烷), the world’s second worst greenhouse gas.
Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago. But that work was done in a laboratory, and there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life. In the lab studies, the cows were given some seaweed, and they ended up losing weight. That wasn’t helpful, since cows are often sold by weight. It also wasn’t clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.
Now, scientists studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They mixed a little seaweed with the cows’ food. The results were surprisingly good. Some cows produced 82% less methane. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows’ stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. Another good news came when they looked at the weight of the cows. The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows, but they didn’t need as much food.
Although there are still some problems with the idea, it’s very good news that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution.
37．Why can cows digest grass Because ________.
A．they have seaweed as their food
B．they have bigger stomachs than humans
C．their body can produce methane
D．their stomachs have four separate parts
38．What happened to the cows after eating seaweed in laboratory studies
A．They got thinner than before. B．They produced no methane.
C．They ate less food than usual. D．They were sold by weight.
39．What are the good results of the studies on a farm
① The cows’ stomachs get used to the seaweed.
② The cows that eat seaweed gain weight like other cows.
③ The cows produce more methane five months later.
④ The seaweed helps control methane even after a long time.
A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④
40．The writer probably thinks the idea of feeding cows seaweed is ________.
A．meaningless B．great C．surprising D．touching
41．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Cows That Eat Seaweed Pollute Less
B．Scientists Discover a Way to Feed Cows
C．Cows Are Harmful to the Environment
D．Seaweed Becomes Cows’ Favorite Food
参考答案
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B
6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C
11．A 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．C
16．D 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．A
21．C 22．D 23．A 24．B
25．A 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．D
30．D 31．A 32．D 33．C
34．C 35．B 36．D
37．D 38．A 39．C 40．B 41．A