人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册unit1Science Fiction复习课件（63张ppt)

(共63张PPT)
选择性必修第四册
Unit 1 Science Fiction
01/单词
02/语法
03/语言点
04/课文短语
目录/contents
单词
1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定
2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；罪行；罪过
3．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明
4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算
5．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blur v．(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊
6．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide vt.分开；分散；分配；分享
7．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的
8．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增
9．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的
语法
一、语态
语态用来表示主语与谓语之间的关系。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
什么时候常用被动语态
不知道动作的执行者
没有必要指出动作的执行者
强调动作的承受者
一般来讲，只有及物动词才有被动语态
二、被动语态的一般结构：
即：be+ done (+ by)
“be+及物动词的过去分词”
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.
《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。
The task has been finished.
任务已经完成了。
不知道动作的执行者
强调动作承受者
We speak English.
主语
谓语
宾语
English is spoken by us.
主语
谓语
宾语
主动语态
被动语态
The basic composition of the passive voice
一般时 进行时 完成时
现在时
过去时
将来时
am / is / are done
am / is / are being done
was / were done
shall / will be done
was / were being done
had been done
shall / will
have been done
has / have been done
三、各种时态的被动语态构成
1.They make shoes in that factory.
四、主动语态变被动语态
Shoes
are made
(by them)
in that factory.
一般现在时的被动语态构成 ：
S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词
2. They bought ten computers last term．
Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.
一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词
3．Ling Feng can take good care of Polly ．
Polly can be taken good care of by Ling Feng .
情态动词：
S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词
4.They will finish the work in ten days.
The work will be finished (by them)
in ten days.
一般将来时：
S+ will+be+过去分词
5.
Some workers are painting the rooms now．
The rooms are being painted by some workers now.
现在进行时：
S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词
6．We have made twenty more keys．
Twenty more keys have been made by us.
现在完成时：
S+ have/has + been+过去分词
7．I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night．
My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.
过去进行时：
S+ was/were+being+过去分词
五、何时使用被动语态呢？
一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：
Football is played all over the world．
二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：
My bike was stolen．我的自行车被盗了。
三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：
It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and ……
It was reported that her mother died of SARS.
众所周知… … It is well known that …
据推测说… … It is supposed that …
“it + be + 过去分词 + 从句”
常见的结构有：
It is known that ...
It is suggested that ...
It is believed that ...
It is reported that ...
It is said that ...
It is hoped that ...
四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。
例如：
Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao．
魏华是被林涛叫来的。
五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：
He was born in October，1989．
六、表示礼貌时。例如：
You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00 p.m. tomorrow．
敬请您明天晚上8:00光临我们的英语晚会。
六、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？
1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last， own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：
【正】The shirt fits him very well．
【误】He is fitted very well by the shirt．
2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：
【正】Look at the blackboard，please．
【误】The blackboard is looked at by you．
3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：
【正】He joined the League in 1998．
【误】The League was joined by him in 1998．
4.由“动词＋名词”构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：
【正】The boy make faces in class．
【误】Faces are made by the boy in class．
Great changes have taken place in Jinan since last year.
5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：
【正】You must look after yourself．
【误】Yourself must be looked after
The boy breathed a sigh of relief when hearing that he wouldn’t be dismissed.
当听说他不会被开除时，这个男孩松了一口气。
1．否定词not位置：
七、 被动语态的几个问题：
第一个助动词或者情态动词后
=would not
2. 双宾动词的被动结构
例：He gave her some money.
She was given some money.
Some money was given to her.
带有双宾语的主动句，变被动句时，一般把“人”提前作主语；将“物”提前则要在“人”的前面加 to 或 for。
七、 被动语态的几个问题：
注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell等。The cup with mixture was showed to the class.My bike was lent to her.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, fix, get, make, order,等。Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. )The meat was cooked for us.Some country music was played for us.
带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 一般将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语为主语补足语)。
3. 带复合宾语的动词的被动结构
例：His father called him Jack.
He was called Jack by his father.
七、 被动语态的几个问题：
4. 含有动词短语的句子转换。
They have never listened to him.
他们从不听他的话。
He has never been listened to.
练习：
They take good care of the baby.
The baby is taken good care of by them.
注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一 个整体，不可把它们分隔开来,不要丢漏动词短语中的副词或介词。
e.g. The flower smells sweet.
The cake tastes delicious.
His face looks pale.
5.连系（感官）动词，如look, feel, smell等，以及sell, open等词以主动形式表示被动含义。
6、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的不及物动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run等。这些动词常与副词smoothly,easily, well,badly等连用。例如：
The machine runs well.
This pen writes quite smoothly.
This kind of book sells well.

有些不及物动词主动形式可表被动意义
例：It can’t move.
The door won’t shut.
7. 某些与 can’t, won’t 等连用的不及物动词，如move, lock, shut, open等。
七、 被动语态的几个问题：
8. 当want, need, require, deserve 表示“需要”或“值得”时，其宾语可用动词-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例：The carpet really wants cleaning (= to be cleaned).
Most house plants require watering (= to be watered).
七、 被动语态的几个问题：
例：The film is well worth seeing.
The policy is partly to blame for causing the worst unemployment in Europe.
9. 在 be worth doing 和 be to blame 结构中，动词-ing 形式或动词不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
七、 被动语态的几个问题：
非谓语动词的某些主动形式表示被动意义
例：The question is difficult to answer.
Volleyball is very interesting to watch.
10. 在“be + 形容词+ 不定式”结构中，不定式表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。
常见形容词有：cheap, easy, comfortable, difficult, hard, light, heavy, expensive, pleasant, interesting, fit 等
七、 被动语态的几个问题：
11.动词不定式的被动语态由“to＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)。
I am very happy to be thus praised.
受到如此褒奖我非常高兴。
The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library.
这些杂志不允许带出图书馆。
The room seems to have been broken into.
似乎有人闯进过这房间。
I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University.
我很自豪已被北京大学录取。
12 . sb. have sth. to do/There be sth. to do 句型中。
Before the end of the meeting，I have something important to declare.
会议结束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。
There is so much homework to do every day，which almost drives me mad.
每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。
13. 动词不定式与疑问词连用时。
With so many books at hand，Tom had no idea which to read first.
手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。
八、被动语态和过去分词作表语
1.意义差别：被动语态强调动作；过去分词作表语描写人或事物的特征及状态。
The window is broken.窗子破了。
The window is broken by him.窗子被他打破了。
2.用法差别：过去分词作表语时接近形容词的特征，可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。
He was very interested in science.(系表结构)
他对科学非常有兴趣。
I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn’t know what to do.
(被动语态)
我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。
语言点
(1)She had feelings of (guilty) about leaving her children and going to work.
(2)I felt guilty my conflict with my dear friend and I must apologize to him.
be guilty of犯有……罪
be/feel guilty for/at/about...对/为……感到内疚/有愧
adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(guilt n.内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行)
1
guilty
guilt
for/at/about
(3)她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶，”脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。(读后续写之愧疚心理描写)
①“But I have cheated my grandmother，” she said，and ___________
_______________________.(并列句)
②“But I have cheated my grandmother，” she said，______________
_______________________.(独立主格结构)
tears of guilt
tears of guilt
flowed down her cheeks
flowing down her cheeks
have/feel an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事
It is urged that...(should) do sth. 极力主张/强调……做某事
n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的)
2
urge
(1)The salesman didn’t work yesterday because he had some _________
(urge) things to handle.
urgent
(2)家长应该积极督促孩子利用这个机会参加户外活动。
①Parents should actively ________________________________________
_________________________________________.(urge sb. to do sth. )
②Parents should actively ________________________________________
_______________________________________________.(urge that...)
(3)我渴望减肥，因此，我绝不在两餐之间吃零食。
，so I will never snack between meals.
urge their children to take advantage of the
urge that their children (should) take advantage
opportunity to participate in outdoor activities
of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities
I have an urge to lose weight
take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留
take up占去；占据；开始从事
占上风；取而代之；接管；接手
3
take over
用take短语的适当形式填空
After the firm from his father，Tom some scientific ideas and some experienced and hard-working workers，which suggested that his firm would soon.Tom held the strong belief that his firm would a new look in the near future.
taking over
took in
took on
take off
take on
turn down拒绝；关小；调低
turn in上交
turn over翻身；移交；转变
turn to求助于；转向
turn up出现；调高
关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
4
turn out
(1)所有的候选人必须在截止日期前交上申请表和相关材料。
and relevant
materials before the deadline.
All the candidates must turn in the application forms
(2)有如此多的数学难题要解决，我必须向我的老师求助。
With so many difficult math problems to handle，__________________
________________.
(3)你最好按时出现，或者比约定的时间早几分钟。
or a few minutes earlier than the appointed time.
I must turn to my
teacher for help
You had better turn up punctually
She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。
5
more than
more than＋数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over。
more than＋名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅……”，相当于not only。
more than＋形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very。
more A than B 与其说B不如说A
(1)写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思
①She bought more than ten handkerchiefs and two pairs of leather shoes at a time，which made her mother explode with anger. ____________
②I am more than glad to help you analyze the pros and cons of the choice you have made. _____
③The chairwoman is more than our leader；she is also our friend. ______
多于；超过
非常
不仅仅
(2) (我会非常高兴) if you could come and join in my birthday party at 7 p.m.next Friday at my home._____________
___________________(将会有十几个朋友) present at the party._________
______________ (派对不仅仅是为了玩)；it is also for mutual communication.So please accept my sincere invitation.(应用文写作之邀请信)
I would be more than delighted
There will be
more than ten friends
The party
is more than for fun
在读后续写中可以适当采用明喻这一修辞方法，增加故事情节的生动性。明喻主要采用比喻词like，as。
It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.
这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。
6
修辞之明喻在读
后续写中的运用
(1)当他听我们谈论丰富多彩的生活时，他脸上的笑容灿烂得如钻石一样闪闪发光。
When he heard us talking about the colorful life，__________________
____________________.
the smile on his face
shone like a diamond
(2)它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。
It murmured in a soft voice .
(3)汤姆病得很厉害，不能去聚会。
Tom ，and couldn’t go to the party.
like a little girl whispering to her mother
was as sick as a dog
课文短语
1 科幻小说
2 用……做实验
3 检验；测验
4 出差
5 感到惊慌
6 更像是；接近
7 彬彬有礼地对待某人
science fiction
test out
on a business trip
feel alarmed
more like
treat sb with dignity
experiment with
8 提高……的社会地位
9 作为一项恩惠
10 确切地讲
11 惊奇地
12 陪同某人去
13 写出
14 去市区
15 预约
or rather
accompany sb to
write out
have an appointment
as a favour
improve one’s social position
with wonder
go downtown
感谢聆听