2023年中考英语主题阅读理解-科技文阅读第三辑（含答案）

中考阅读专项-科技文阅读 第三辑
(篇目1)
April 22 is Earth Day. Everyone on the earth should care about and protect the earth!
The earth has warmed by about 1°F (华氏度) over the past 100 years, but why and how Well, scientists are not quite sure. Maybe the earth gets warmer and warmer on its own. But many scientists say that people are doing many things that make the earth warmer.
First, greenhouse effect (温室效应) is a very important reason for the change of the earth. People give out too much energy into the air every year. It makes the earth warmer. Climate (气候) change is another important reason. Sometimes it becomes too hot and sometimes too cold. Sometimes there is too much rain and sometimes too little. The change of the climate makes the earth warmer. In turn, the warmth of the earth changes the climate, too.
When the earth becomes warmer, there may be more rain and a rise in sea level (水平). It will affect the growth of plants, animals and people. On a Pacific island, 100 people have to move to higher ground because the sea is rising (上升). These people can no longer live on the island. Before that, two islands without people went underwater in 1999. Scientists say that the seas can rise by nearly one meter by 2100.
People can affect the earth’s air, land and water. As for us, we can do many things to protect the earth. For example, we can use fridges less. We can tell more people about protecting the earth.
1．Earth Day is probably set up for people to ________.
A．learn more about the earth
B．make full use of the earth
C．take better care of the earth
2．We can infer (推断) from the passage that the reasons for the warmer earth are ________ now.
A．not very clear B．completely secret C．well known
3．Greenhouse effect comes from ________.
A．sea rising B．climate change C．people’s activities
4．According to the passage, ________ may affect each other.
A．animals and islands
B．climate and the warmth of the earth
C．fridges and animals
5．The passage mainly tells us that ________.
A．there is more rain now
B．we should protect the earth
C．we must stop pollution
(篇目2)
Our Milky Way Galaxy may be home to 2 billion planets that have the right conditions to support life. These planets have the correct temperature for liquid water. While no one knows what alien life would look like, if it is anything like life on earth, it would need water to keep alive. According to the research, there are nearly 2 billion habitable planets in the Milky Way Galaxy, which is just one of 100 to 200 billion galaxies in the universe.
The earth was formed 9 billion years after the Big Bang. Many of the planets in the Milky Way were formed millions and some even billions of years before the earth. If intelligent life had existed on any of these planets, they would be much more developed than humans. With that much time to develop the technology for space travel, we should have been visited by aliens many times.
So where is everyone Some people believe that aliens have visited earth many times, and some governments of the world might have known very well. some believe that we have also been visited many times in the ancient past. They point to the Egyptian pyramids or the huge heads of Easter Island. They say that there was no way that ancient humans were able to create these structures without alien assistance.
According to Harvard professor Avi Loeb, . For example, in 2017, a cigar-shaped object came within 33 million km of the earth as it passed through our solar system. It was named Oumuamua, which means “messenger from the distant past reaching out to us” in Hawaiian. Loeb says that its unusual shape and the fact that it sped up as it left our solar system sets it apart from anything else we’ve seen. He thinks it was a probe sent by an alien civilization. Jackie Fairey, says everyone should have reservation about this. She is one of many scientists who say there are more reasonable explanations for Oumuamua. That hasn’t stopped Professor Loeb. He has written a new book on Oumuamua called Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth.
6．According to the passage, if there were aliens, they ________.
A．could be similar to humans on the earth
B．must help build the Great Wall
C．would be smarter than humans on the earth
D．have a shorter history than humans
7．Which of the following can be put into the blank ________ in the passage
A．we hasn’t been visited by aliens for we got nothing from the universe
B．we not only have been visited by aliens, but also have evidence
C．no one could be sure about whether the evidence we’ve got is true
D．all of researchers doubt about the fact that we have been visited
8．From the passage, we can infer that ________.
A．there are fewer than 100 billion habitable planets in the universe
B．some aliens did actually, and on the earth in ancient times
C．some governments received information from the oumuamua
D．scientists Leob doesn’t agree with the idea that Fairey holds
9．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Where are all the aliens
B．When will the aliens visit us
C．Oumuamua: Have you ever been here
D．How many habitable planets are there
(篇目3)
No other planet has captivated our imaginations quite like Mars. Changing from a landscape similar to that of Earth to a red wasteland, Mars seems to hold many questions waiting for answers. With countless possibilities, countries around the world are sending spacecrafts to it.
And one of the most ambitious spacecrafts launched yet is China’s Tianwen-1. Tianwen-1, a Mars spacecraft named after a poem titled the Quest for Heavenly Truth by ancient Chinese poet Qu Yuan, was launched by China on July 23, 2020. The reason why this spacecraft is regarded as ambitious is that it consists of an orbiter, a lander and a rover and is going to achieve these missions in one go. However, realizing all three missions on a first-attempt is a fear that hasn’t been achieved by any country before.
Let’s start with Tianwen-1’s first mission, entering the orbit of Mars. The orbiter will not only be used as the vessel for the lander and rover to enter the orbit of Mars, but it will also be responsible for taking pictures and analyzing the surface of Mars. Equipped with many scientific instruments, the orbiter will study Martian soil, geological structure, environment and atmosphere.
Once the orbiter manages to enter the orbit around Mars, it will release the lander and rover system. To successfully land on Mars, the lander needs to decelerate from its release in the Martian atmosphere, or it will be damaged because of the high speed. NASA scientists once referred to a Mars landing as “the six minutes of terrors”, because the Martian atmosphere creates heat to any object that hopes to land on the surface. Ideally, when the lander touches the ground, it will release a 240-kilogram rover. The rover, with an expected lifespan of at least 90 Martian days, will conduct various kinds of scientific exploration on Mars.
The exploration of Mars is in its early stages. But hopefully, Tianwen-1, which also marked China’s first step in planetary exploration of the solar system, will help to provide answers to longtime questions from scientists and provide insight into mysteries of the Red Planet.
10．From the first paragraph, Mars is attractive to us because ________.
A．it holds a large number of secrets to discover
B．many spacecrafls have arrived on Mars so far
C．we don’t know why it changed into a red wasteland
D．exploring Mars is harder than exploring other planets
11．What does the underlined word “decelerate” in Paragraph 4 mean
A．Set off B．Slow down C．Turn off D．Cool down
12．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．NASA has managed to land spaceships on Mars before
B．the rover will take pictures of Mars and study its surface
C．the orbiter plays the most important role in exploring Mars
D．scientists are not confident about the success of the missions
13．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．The Structure of China’s Tianwen-1 B．Chinese Key Step to Explore Mars
C．A Mars Spacecraft with New Technology D．Countless Secrets behind the Red Plane
(篇目4)
Stephen Hawking once said that to limit(限制) ourselves to earthly matters would limit the human spirit.
We as a species have followed this line of thinking. We’ve achieved great things, including the Moon landing and the Voyager I space probe(探测器) launch fifty-three years ago. The Voyager I has left our solar system(太阳系), making it the farthest-traveling spacecraft made by mankind.
The year 2019 was a big year for space exploration. NASA’s TESS satellite is searching for worlds beyond our solar system. Scientists successfully took a picture of a black hole for the first time.
However, although we have got lots of success, we’re still playing catch-up to the universe’s 13.8 billion years of evolution(演化). And with every step forward, we find more mysteries.
One such mystery was the Oumuamua comet(彗星) in 2017. Unlike other comets, Oumuamua had no tail. It left our solar system quickly. Was Oumuamua just a space rock Or could it have been an alien probe We don’t know.
Another mystery we have yet to solve has to do with dark matter(暗物质) or dark energy. What are they We know that they make up over 95 percent of our universe. But we still don’t know how to touch them.
Right now, the farthest distance we can see with our space telescopes is 32 billion light years. That’s a great distance, but still very small compared to the size of our universe. How much of the universe have we really discovered What lies beyond 32 billion light years away
There are still many unanswered questions. But as technology improves, our next discovery might totally change our understanding of our universe.
14．When did the Moon landing and the Voyager I space probe launch
A．In 1951. B．In 1965. C．In 1969. D．In 1972.
15．Why the year 2019 was a big year for space exploration
A．Because the Voyager I has been launched successfully.
B．Because scientists successfully took a picture of a black hole for the first time.
C．Because we found all mysteries.
D．Because we solved some problems of dark matter.
16．What does the underlined word “It” refer to
A．Oumuamua comet. B．Voyager I. C．Black hole. D．Dark matter.
17．Which of the following is TRUE
A．We have solved how to do with the dark matter and dark energy.
B．95 percent of the universe is dark energy.
C．The farthest distance we can see is 32 billion light years.
D．With the development of technology, we may have different understanding of the universe.
18．What is the passage mainly about
A．The Voyager I traveled in the solar system.
B．The history of space exploration.
C．Some information about Oumuamua.
D．The universe needs further discovering.
(篇目5)
The International Day for Biological Diversity（生物多样性日）is celebrated on May 22. Its aim is to remind people to get along with the nature.
The day was first created in 1993 by the UN and it was on December 29th. In 2000, the UN changed it to May 22. This was partly in memory of the UN convention（公约）on May 22, 1992. But it was also hard for many countries to organize events on December 29, because there are already many holidays in that time of the year. Every year, the celebrations of the day are organized on a different topic. The topic in 2022 is “Building a shared future for all life”. The message behind is that biodiversity is what we can depend on to build a bright future. It is also the answer to several development challenges.
Biological diversity are necessary for our daily life. For example, fish provide 20% of animal protein to about 3 billion people. Over 80% of the human diet is provided by plants. As many as 70% of people from countryside in developing countries depend on traditional plant-based medicines for basic healthcare.
While people start to know that biological diversity is valuable, the number of species（物种）is dropping because of human activities. That is why the UN decided to celebrate the day every year.
19．What does “it” mean in Paragraph 2
A．The UN. B．The building. C．The date. D．The aim.
20．What can we learn from the topic of 2022
A．We can build a bright future for all life by sharing.
B．We can use different animals to make our future bright.
C．If we have difficulty developing, we may turn to biodiversity.
D．If there are fewer animals or plants, we will have a bright future.
21．How much of the human diet is provided by plants
A．20%. B．70%. C．80%. D．100%.
22．What is the main idea of the last two paragraphs
A．The history of the day. B．The celebrations of the day.
C．The causes of the death of animals. D．The importance of biological diversity.
23．Where can we find the article
A．A nature magazine.B．A storybook. C．A guidebook. D．A comic book.
(篇目6)
Every now and then you may see news of satellites(卫星) sent into space. On Feb 21, for example, US company SpaceX took 46 satellites into orbit(轨道). On Feb 27, China sent 22 satellites into space. Why do we need so many satellites What do they do out there
At present, there are more than 3,000 active satellites moving around the Earth. Satellites do all kinds of work. They are used to send TV signals, give you directions on the road and help scientists do research.
For example, the 22 satellites China just sent up are part of the Beidou Navigation(导航) Satellite System. Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips(芯片) can be found more easily.
Before satellites, TV signals didn’t go very far. Mountains or tall buildings would block(阻碍) them. Phone calls to faraway places were also a big problem. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and back down to different places on Earth. SpaceX’s Starlink project is trying to go further. It plans to use satellites to provide Internet in the future.
Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists predict changes in weather and climate. By closely watching wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help people deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellite images to decide the best time to water their fields.
Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of other planets. In 2020, video website Bilibili sent a satellite into space. Its job is to look at other planets and share the pictures and videos with Bilibili’s users.
Like any other machines, satellites do not last forever. When they die, they either burn up or become space junk. Someday we may need to send “garbage trucks” to clean them up.
24．What’s the function(作用) of Paragraph 1
A．To introduce the topic of satellites. B．To describe what satellites are like.
C．To explain the importance of satellites. D．To compare the two countries’ satellites.
25．What can satellites do at present according to the passage
a. Prevent natural disasters. b. Send telephone signals.
c. Help scientists do research. d. Take pictures of other planets.
A．abc B．abd C．acd D．bcd
26．How does the writer organize this passage
A．By telling stories. B．By giving examples.
C．By asking questions. D．By explaining reasons.
27．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Satellites Guiding the Way B．Space X’s Starlink
C．Chinese Space Development D．Sky-high Technology
(篇目7)
Think of all the things you throw away: juice bottles, soda cans, candy covers. It adds up. How much rubbish do you produce Americans throw away about one ton of rubbish per person every year. That’s 2000 pounds of rubbish! Most of the rubbish gets covered in big holes in the round called landfills (垃圾掩埋法).
A lot of this rubbish can be recycled, or turned back to something useful. The main things we recycle today are made of metal and paper.
People recycle for many reasons. One of the main reasons is to protect resources (资源). Making new cans out of old ones means less aluminum (铝) is needed for new cans.
This leads to a second reason people recycle: it saves energy. Recycling old aluminum cans take much less energy than making new aluminum. To make new aluminum, you need to mine metal ore (矿石) from the ground, remove it, and refine it, into a finished metal.
Recycling also protects valuable land. By recycling, we produce less rubbish. That means fewer landfills are needed for dropping our rubbish. Because metals are some what costly to make, they are the world’s most recycled materials. About two-thirds of all steel (钢) is recycled.
Almost all drink cans are made of aluminum. Americans recycle about one-third of their used aluminum cans. Empty cans are sent to special factories. There, they are cleaned, melted, and made into new pieces of aluminum.
Americans use lots of paper — mostly in the form of newspapers, magazines, and cardboard boxes. In fact, paper takes up more space in landfills than any other material.
Old paper can be cut and made are into new paper. Americans recycle a little more than one-third of their paper rubbish. New papers are made from trees, each ton of recycled paper saves about 17 trees!
28．You can most probably read the passage in ________.
A．a science book B．a Chinese book C．a history book D．a geography book
29．Why do people recycle rubbish
A．To protect resources because it’s hard to make new resources.
B．It can save energy, because the resources are limited (有限).
C．To protect valuable land, because there is no place to bury rubbish.
D．To protect resources, save energy and protect valuable land.
30．Which of the following is RIGHT
A．People recycle paper from the trees.
B．Papers take up less space in the landfills.
C．Americans recycle a little more than 1/3 of their paper rubbish.
D．To recycle paper can’t protect the environment.
31．The main idea of the passage is ________
A．To let us know it is a big job to deal with rubbish.
B．To explain the reasons for rubbish recycle.
C．To describe how to recycle metal and paper.
D．To explain how to recycle rubbish and why to do so.
(篇目8)
At 00:23 on Oct. 16, the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft rose into the sky. Three Chinese astronauts—Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu—set off for the Tiangong space station.
During their six-month stay, they will set up robotic arms and do medical experiments, among other tasks. Wang Yaping will become the first Chinese woman to take a spacewalk.
It’s not an easy job to do all these things. Chinese astronauts get difficult training before going to space. As People’s Daily reported, all the Chinese astronauts are excellent pilots with hundreds or even thousands of hours of flight time. They also receive hundreds of classes to prepare for space travel.
One of the toughest(艰苦的) parts is the high-G training. It simulates(模拟) the environment when the spacecraft takes off. Sitting in a super-fast spinning(旋转) machine, astronauts’ face muscles(肌肉) change shape. They cry tears as they spin. Blood can’t flow to their brains properly, causing a lack of oxygen(缺少氧气) and even blindness. Astronauts must operate(操作) the spacecraft under these conditions.
Another exhausting exercise, as Wang Yaping told People’s Daily, the underwater training which lasts seven hours each time. It simulates a weightless environment. She had to wear a 200-kilogram suit and do tasks in 10-meter-deep water without eating or going to toilet. After each training, Wang lost up to 2kg body weight.
“We may have to repeat such training every single day for years or decades,” said Wang. “But there is no “give up” in our dictionary.”
32．Who is Wang Yaping
A．The first teacher to teach in space.
B．The first woman to visit Tiangong Space Station.
C．The youngest astronaut in the world.
D．The first Chinese person to do a spacewalk.
33．How is the training for astronauts according to People’s Daily
A．Tough. B．Exciting. C．Excellent. D．Comfortable.
34．What happens to the astronauts when the spacecraft takes off
a. They can’t stop crying. b. They may not see things.
c. Their blood stops flowing. d. Their facial expressions lose control.
A．abe B．abd C．acd D．bcd
35．What can we learn from Paragraph 5
A．How Wang lost weight to become an astronaut.
B．Why underwater training is boring.
C．Why Wang was chosen to be an astronaut.
D．The difficulty of underwater training.
(篇目9)
In modern times, we get our weather report scientifically. The meteorologists(气象学家) use information from satellites (卫星) to tell us what the weather will be like. They make predictions about the weather for today, tomorrow and even for the whole season. Will it rain Will it snow Will it be hot or will it be a long and cold winter
But what did people do before modern technology Well, not so long ago, people lived much closer to nature. Using the power of observation (观察), humans made predictions about the weather according to what was happening in the insect world. Sometimes their predictions were correct, and sometimes they weren’t.
My grandfather spent his whole life as a farmer in Canada. He is long gone now. But I still remember his stories about how to predict the weather. For example, in summer, he would often stop to observe the anthills — those little sandy mounds (沙堆) at the entrance (入口) to the ants’ nest.
“Look closely at the anthills in July,” Grandpa used to say. “If the anthills are high in July, expect a snowy winter.” Of course, as a kid, I believed my grandfather. But you know what The anthills are often correct. Not always, but often enough to make me a believer.
In September, Grandpa would often point out a woolly caterpillar (毛毛虫) in a sunny location, “Observe the orange circle around its belly (腹部). If it’s wide and full, we’re sure to have a warm and easy winter. If it’s thin, be careful! The winter will be severe.”
I am older now. I get my weather mostly from the television or radio. Scientists hardly get it wrong. After all, they have the latest scientific instruments to help them.
But I still stop to observe the anthills in July, and of course, the woolly caterpillars in September. The older generation (老一辈) can teach us many things. My grandfather was not a meteorologist, but he knew a lot about insects and the weather.
36．________ can help us predict the weather more correctly.
A．Satellites B．Anthills C．Woolly caterpillars D．Televisions or radios
37．According to Grandpa’s experience, if the anthills are high in July, maybe it will be ________.
A．a rainy winter B．a snowy winter C．a long and cold winter D．a warm and easy winter
38．Which word can replace (替代) the underlined word “severe”
A．hot B．warm C．cool D．cold
39．In the last paragraph, the writer thinks _________.
A．we should only listen to the meteorologists
B．his grandpa knew more than the meteorologists
C．we needn’t observe the insects to predict the weather
D．his grandpa’s ways to predict the weather are still helpful
40．Which would be a good title for this passage
A．The power of observation B．Weather according to insects
C．Weather report in modern times D．Different ways to make predictions
参考答案
1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．B
6．C 7．B 8．D 9．B
10．A 11．B 12．A 13．B
14．C 15．B 16．A 17．D 18．B
19．C 20．C 21．C 22．D 23．A
24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A
28．A 29．D 30．C 31．B
32．D 33．A 34．B 35．D
36．A 37．B 38．D 39．D 40．D