2023届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解之词义猜测课件（28张PPT）
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解之词义猜测课件（28张PPT） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.8MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-01-12 11:41:30 | ||
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文档简介
(共28张PPT)
Strategies and Techniques for Guessing the Meanings of Words or Phrases While Reading
高考英语阅读理解
词义猜测题策略与技巧
Master general steps and some tips of guesssing the meanings of words,phrases or sentences.
Develop your ability to analyse,compare and summarize.
Use what you have learned to solve the problem.
Be brave and confident in face of difficulty.
Learning aims
How to deal with unfamiliar words and expressions you come across in reading
Ignore them and continue reading
Guess the meaning of them
Look them up in the dictionary
hazy
The main point of the plan is clear to me;but the details are hazy.
green hand
On the way to the factory,Jack sang a pop song happily,because it is the first day for him to work.When he was working,he talked with his comrade(同志，伙伴）.Suddenly,the machine broke down because of his carelessness.Jack was afraid of the blame of his boss.His comrade told him,“take it easy,you are a green hand.”
高考阅读理解中可以含有不超过3%的生词量，在考试中碰到一些不认识的单词和词组，这是正常现象，大可不必惊慌失措，也不要因为对某个词的含义纠缠不清而影响阅读的速度和阅读的质量。
Guessing
2016-2021年高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表
2021年 2020年 2019年 2018年 2017年 2016年
全国卷Ⅰ 1 短语 Safe!Safe! Safe! 1 单词 currency 1 单词 stumble 1 单词 dominant 2 代词that; 短语the water cather 1
单词
courier
全国卷Ⅱ 1 单词 concede 1 单词 collapsed 1 代词 短语tug at the heartstring 1 单词 juicer 2 代词that; 句子the table are turned. 1
单词
downside
全国卷Ⅲ (新高考全国卷） 1 单词 decimate 1 单词 keeping tabs on 1 短语 taking on 1 句子 More is more 1 单词 displaced 1
短语
a pipedream
高考阅读理解词义猜测题
考查方向：
主要考查学生根据上下文推测和判断单词、短语或者句子在阅读材料中含义的能力
考查类别：
1
2
3
单词、短语含义猜测题
句意猜测题
代词指代猜测题
阅读理解词义猜测题解题策略
3
“3-4-5”
策略
4
5
三种类别
四个步骤
五个解题密码
阅读理解词义猜测题解题步骤
四步曲
1
2
3
4
定位
分析
Locate the underlined word
确认需猜测的词、短语或句子在文中的位置
Analyse the relation with codes
运用密码分析猜测点与语境之间的关系
对比
Compare and choose the answer
仔细对比，找出与原句意思吻合的选项
核查
Reread and confirm the answer
将初选定的答案代入原句，再读以确定答案
一、逻辑关系猜词义
Logical Relation
1
2
3
同义或近义关系
反义关系
因果关系
同义或近义关系 synonym or near-synonym
猜一猜
1.Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
2.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people’s health.They also regard drinking as harmful.
健谈的
有害的
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的意思。常见信号词：and,or,also,as...as,just as,similarly等
1
反义关系
猜一猜：
3.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I known.His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.
4.I tried hard not to make serious mistakes, but I slipped up.
傲慢的，高傲的
出差错，疏忽
利用对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见信号词/词组有：but,yet,despite,however,while,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast,instead等
2
因果关系Causal relation
5.I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the sing arent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...At the oint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes,I'll do it.”
(全国Ⅱ 2019 阅读理解B）
What does the underlined phrase“tug at heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean
A.encourage teamwork B.appeal to feeling.
C.promote good deeds. D.provide advice.
3
利用因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,owing to,thanks to,on account of,result in,accordingly,so...that等
1
2
3
下定义
定语从句
同位语
二、解释说明法
Explanation
4
5
举例
标点符号
1
2
3
下定义
定语从句
同位语
猜一猜：
1.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
2.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.
3.Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
哑剧
变戏法的人
语义学
下定义：is,mean,refers to ,namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明或由that is (to say),in other words,to put it another way 引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。
定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴。
同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。
4
举例
对点真题：
4....all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.(2018.全国卷Ⅰ.C)
A. complex B.advanced
C.powerful D.modern
关注 such as,for example,for instance 可以通过所举事例推知前面内容！
5
标点符号
冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号，可表示解释说明。
猜一猜：
5.You may borrow from the library any periodicals:News Weekly,Reader’s Digest,The New Yorkers.
6.We are on the night shift——from midnight to 7 a.m.
期刊
夜班
三、构词法
Formation
1
2
3
合成法
派生法
转化法（考点熟词生义）
1
合成法
合成法：指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词
猜一猜：
ill-treat
single-handed new-born color-blind
虐待
独自
新生的
色盲的
对点真题：
Encourage this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I ’m just not creative.”
A.mistake B. drawback C.difficulty D.burden
2
派生法
通过再词根上添加前缀或后缀构造新词。一般讲前缀改变词义不变词性，后缀改变词性不变词义。
1.Do you have any strong opinion coeducational or single-sex schools
2.It’s a quiet,comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England’s most southerly point.
3
转化法（考点熟词生义）
转化法：把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变。高考中常考熟词生义，同学们注意积累，做题时也要结合语境进行检查
猜一猜：
1.Don’t let your personal feelings cloud your judgment.
2.He wolfed down three bowls of rice.
模糊
狼吞虎咽
四、生活常识和文化背景（common sense)
对点真题：
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
1.What do the words“more is more ” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.The more,the better. B.Enough is enough
C.More money,more worries. D.Earn more and spend more.
同学们可以利用生活常识和文化背景进行猜测词义，但每个人已有的知识和经验存在差异，做题时要多结合语境。
五、利用上下文语境（context）
对点真题:
My Favorite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)oflifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres, Miss Trunchbull, are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
1.What does 'I" refer to (2019.全国卷2)
A.Stephen King. B.Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D.Roald Dahl
利用一下文语境猜测词义要注意进行全面考虑，结合关键词和词语的搭配等
Summary
Exercise
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping_tabs_on more than 2，000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants”，“The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper”，have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Listing completely. B．Directing professionally.
C．Promoting successfully. D．Watching carefully.
2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately，it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever increasing populations，greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
3.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Debt. B．Reward. C．Allowance. D．Face value.
1.Finish some exercise about guessing the meaning of the underlined words or phrases.
2.Review the strategies of this class and try to make a mind map .
Homework
Thanks for listening!
Strategies and Techniques for Guessing the Meanings of Words or Phrases While Reading
高考英语阅读理解
词义猜测题策略与技巧
Master general steps and some tips of guesssing the meanings of words,phrases or sentences.
Develop your ability to analyse,compare and summarize.
Use what you have learned to solve the problem.
Be brave and confident in face of difficulty.
Learning aims
How to deal with unfamiliar words and expressions you come across in reading
Ignore them and continue reading
Guess the meaning of them
Look them up in the dictionary
hazy
The main point of the plan is clear to me;but the details are hazy.
green hand
On the way to the factory,Jack sang a pop song happily,because it is the first day for him to work.When he was working,he talked with his comrade(同志，伙伴）.Suddenly,the machine broke down because of his carelessness.Jack was afraid of the blame of his boss.His comrade told him,“take it easy,you are a green hand.”
高考阅读理解中可以含有不超过3%的生词量，在考试中碰到一些不认识的单词和词组，这是正常现象，大可不必惊慌失措，也不要因为对某个词的含义纠缠不清而影响阅读的速度和阅读的质量。
Guessing
2016-2021年高考全国卷阅读理解词义猜测题考查一览表
2021年 2020年 2019年 2018年 2017年 2016年
全国卷Ⅰ 1 短语 Safe!Safe! Safe! 1 单词 currency 1 单词 stumble 1 单词 dominant 2 代词that; 短语the water cather 1
单词
courier
全国卷Ⅱ 1 单词 concede 1 单词 collapsed 1 代词 短语tug at the heartstring 1 单词 juicer 2 代词that; 句子the table are turned. 1
单词
downside
全国卷Ⅲ (新高考全国卷） 1 单词 decimate 1 单词 keeping tabs on 1 短语 taking on 1 句子 More is more 1 单词 displaced 1
短语
a pipedream
高考阅读理解词义猜测题
考查方向：
主要考查学生根据上下文推测和判断单词、短语或者句子在阅读材料中含义的能力
考查类别：
1
2
3
单词、短语含义猜测题
句意猜测题
代词指代猜测题
阅读理解词义猜测题解题策略
3
“3-4-5”
策略
4
5
三种类别
四个步骤
五个解题密码
阅读理解词义猜测题解题步骤
四步曲
1
2
3
4
定位
分析
Locate the underlined word
确认需猜测的词、短语或句子在文中的位置
Analyse the relation with codes
运用密码分析猜测点与语境之间的关系
对比
Compare and choose the answer
仔细对比，找出与原句意思吻合的选项
核查
Reread and confirm the answer
将初选定的答案代入原句，再读以确定答案
一、逻辑关系猜词义
Logical Relation
1
2
3
同义或近义关系
反义关系
因果关系
同义或近义关系 synonym or near-synonym
猜一猜
1.Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
2.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people’s health.They also regard drinking as harmful.
健谈的
有害的
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的意思。常见信号词：and,or,also,as...as,just as,similarly等
1
反义关系
猜一猜：
3.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I known.His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest.
4.I tried hard not to make serious mistakes, but I slipped up.
傲慢的，高傲的
出差错，疏忽
利用对比或转折的信号词，然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。常见信号词/词组有：but,yet,despite,however,while,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast,instead等
2
因果关系Causal relation
5.I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the sing arent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...At the oint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes,I'll do it.”
(全国Ⅱ 2019 阅读理解B）
What does the underlined phrase“tug at heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean
A.encourage teamwork B.appeal to feeling.
C.promote good deeds. D.provide advice.
3
利用因果关系猜词义，常见的词或短语：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,owing to,thanks to,on account of,result in,accordingly,so...that等
1
2
3
下定义
定语从句
同位语
二、解释说明法
Explanation
4
5
举例
标点符号
1
2
3
下定义
定语从句
同位语
猜一猜：
1.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
2.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats,swallowing fire,and other similar tricks.
3.Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
哑剧
变戏法的人
语义学
下定义：is,mean,refers to ,namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明或由that is (to say),in other words,to put it another way 引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。
定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴。
同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。
4
举例
对点真题：
4....all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.(2018.全国卷Ⅰ.C)
A. complex B.advanced
C.powerful D.modern
关注 such as,for example,for instance 可以通过所举事例推知前面内容！
5
标点符号
冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号，可表示解释说明。
猜一猜：
5.You may borrow from the library any periodicals:News Weekly,Reader’s Digest,The New Yorkers.
6.We are on the night shift——from midnight to 7 a.m.
期刊
夜班
三、构词法
Formation
1
2
3
合成法
派生法
转化法（考点熟词生义）
1
合成法
合成法：指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起，形成一个新的单词
猜一猜：
ill-treat
single-handed new-born color-blind
虐待
独自
新生的
色盲的
对点真题：
Encourage this kind of thinking has a downside.I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare,“But I ’m just not creative.”
A.mistake B. drawback C.difficulty D.burden
2
派生法
通过再词根上添加前缀或后缀构造新词。一般讲前缀改变词义不变词性，后缀改变词性不变词义。
1.Do you have any strong opinion coeducational or single-sex schools
2.It’s a quiet,comfortable hotel overlooking the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England’s most southerly point.
3
转化法（考点熟词生义）
转化法：把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变。高考中常考熟词生义，同学们注意积累，做题时也要结合语境进行检查
猜一猜：
1.Don’t let your personal feelings cloud your judgment.
2.He wolfed down three bowls of rice.
模糊
狼吞虎咽
四、生活常识和文化背景（common sense)
对点真题：
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
1.What do the words“more is more ” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.The more,the better. B.Enough is enough
C.More money,more worries. D.Earn more and spend more.
同学们可以利用生活常识和文化背景进行猜测词义，但每个人已有的知识和经验存在差异，做题时要多结合语境。
五、利用上下文语境（context）
对点真题:
My Favorite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列)oflifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel me parents and the bossy headmisres, Miss Trunchbull, are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
1.What does 'I" refer to (2019.全国卷2)
A.Stephen King. B.Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D.Roald Dahl
利用一下文语境猜测词义要注意进行全面考虑，结合关键词和词语的搭配等
Summary
Exercise
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B)Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping_tabs_on more than 2，000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants”，“The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper”，have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Listing completely. B．Directing professionally.
C．Promoting successfully. D．Watching carefully.
2.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately，it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever increasing populations，greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
3.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Debt. B．Reward. C．Allowance. D．Face value.
1.Finish some exercise about guessing the meaning of the underlined words or phrases.
2.Review the strategies of this class and try to make a mind map .
Homework
Thanks for listening!