2023届高三英语二轮复习虚拟语气课件-(25张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习虚拟语气课件-(25张ppt) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-01-12 15:51:48 | ||
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(共29张PPT)
grammar
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verb structure)，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 (fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses ) 愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion) 或怀疑doubt等等。
What is Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：
1.虚拟条件句
2.名词性从句的虚拟语气
3. 虚拟语气的其他用法
If条件句 主句
与现在事实相反 did(be动词用were) would(或could, should, might) do
与过去事实相反 had done would(或could, should, might) have done
与将来事实相反或可能相反 did(were) should do were to do would(或could, should, might) do
一、虚拟条件句：
条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。
1）If I were you, I would study hard.
2）If it rained, I would not be here now.
1）If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
2）If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
1) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
2) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
3)If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.
注意问题：
1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型，反之亦然。
eg: If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now.
If she didn’t love driving, she wouldn’t have become a taxi driver.
3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home
1) If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
2) If I were to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
3) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
4. with, without, but, but for, but that, otherwise, or引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。这时主句用虚拟
1) Without you, I would never know him.
2) But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
要不是你的合作，我们不可能把工作做得这么出色。
3) But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
要不是害怕，她会拒绝的。
eg: 1) I would be most glad to help you, but I
am busy now.
2) I would have come to the party yesterday,
but I was working.
3) I am busy now, otherwise I would help you.
4) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have know nothing about it.
5) What would you do with a million dollars
1) If he ______ drunk, he wouldn't have lost control of the car.
A. wasn't B. weren't C. hasn't been D. hadn't been
2) I would have gone to the concert, if I _____ time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
4) _______ I known it, I would have told you.
A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having
3) _______ to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.
A. If he is B. Were he C. Had he D. Be he
5) ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been
alive.
A. If he went B. Were he gone
C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone
6) If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.
arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught
7) If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
8) If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.
A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know
9)___, I would take an umbrella with me.
Had I been you B. I were you
C. Were I you D. I had been you
10) If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow
C. would have allowed D. had allowed
二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：
1. 在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：
主语＋(should）＋动词原形，如：
1). We suggested that the meeting should be held.
2) The suggestion that the meeting should be
held was rejected.
3) It was suggested that the meeting should be held.
4) The suggestion is that the meeting should be held.
5) It was required that the crops should be harvested
at once.
6) That is their demand that their wages be increased.
suggest等动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用(should) + do, 这类动词的字头记忆口诀为: I drop caps. 具体为:
insist, demand, desire, request(请求), require, order, propose(建议), command(命令), ask(要求), advise, prefer, suggest
注意:
1) I insisted that John had done it.
I insisted that John (should) do it.
eg: Her expression suggested that she was angry.
insist
1) 表示坚持认为
2）表示坚持要求某人该…
真实语气
虚拟语气
2) I insisted that the earth moves round the sun.
Suggest 表示暗示，说明的意思时用真实语气
He suggested that we (should) go to school at once.
2. 在It’s strange/important/necessary/surprising that…句式中, that 从句的谓语动词用(should) +do,如:
注意：在这种句子中绝不可用“would”、 “must” “could”等。
eg: 1) It’s strange that he (should) not come.
2) It’s important that you (should) ask your parents for advice about your work.
1) The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring
2) He demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experiment was done.
was written B. be written
C. must be written D. would be written
4) It is required that you ____ at six.
A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive
5) He insisted that he ___ me before.
A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw
6) It is really strange that the girl ___ so early.
A. has been married B. has married
C. be married D. would marry
8) It is important that I ___ with Mr. Willians immediately.
A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak
7) He insisted that John ___ it.
A. do B. does C. did D. would do
9) The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.
A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given
El condor pass - Paul Simon
I’d rather be a sparrow （麻雀）than a snail（蜗牛）.
Yes I would.
If I could,
I surely would.
I’d rather be a hammer（铁锤） than a nail（钉子）.
Yes I would.
If I only could,
I surely would.
Away, I'd rather sail away
Like a swan（天鹅） that's here and gone
A man gets tied his feet on the ground
It gives the world
It's saddest sound,
It's saddest sound.
I'd rather be a forest than a street.
Yes I would.
If I could,
I surely would.
I'd rather feel the earth beneath my feet,
Yes I would.
If I only could,
I surely would.
三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：
1. wish后的宾语从句：
1)与现在愿望不一致 主语＋过去时；
2)与过去愿望不一致 主语＋had＋过去分词；
3)与未来愿望不一致 主语＋would（could, should, might）＋原形。
eg: 1) I wish (that) I were you.
2) I wish I had visited the White House when I was
in the States.
3) I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.
2. If only引起的感叹句
1) If only he could come! 他要能来就好了
2) If only I had known the answer!
我要早知答案就好了。
3) If only I knew the answer!
3. as if（though）引导的从句
eg: 1) She loves the children as if
they were hers.
2) Alan talked about Rome as
if he had been there
It seems as if it is going to rain.
4. would rather, 引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：
.
eg: 1) I’d rather you posted the letter right
away.
2) I’d rather you had returned the book
yesterday.
3) I’d rather you painted the wall green
next time.
5. It’s (high) time句型：当It’s time后用that从句时应该为：
主语＋should＋原形
主语＋过去时
eg: 1) It’s time that you went to school.
2) It’s time that you should go to
school.
6. 表示祝愿时, 用May +主语 + 动词原形, 如:
1) May you succeed in your work!
2) May you be happy!
1)The boy acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before.
A. as though B. even if C. as D. since
2) I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. was B. were C. had been D. should be
3) He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
4) Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
5) But for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.
A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die
9) I’d rather you ___ right away.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave
7) I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party.
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
8) You talk as if you ___ there.
A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be
6) It’s high time that we ___ to school.
A. would to B. went C. go D. will go
12)He felt as if he ___ more time to study for the test.
A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need
11) It is high time we ___ off.
A. are B. were C. be D. will be
10) Without your help, our team ___ the last match.
A. won’t win B. will lose
C. wouldn’t have won D. can’t win
13)I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he ___ everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known
grammar
虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verb structure)，用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 (fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses ) 愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion) 或怀疑doubt等等。
What is Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：
1.虚拟条件句
2.名词性从句的虚拟语气
3. 虚拟语气的其他用法
If条件句 主句
与现在事实相反 did(be动词用were) would(或could, should, might) do
与过去事实相反 had done would(或could, should, might) have done
与将来事实相反或可能相反 did(were) should do were to do would(或could, should, might) do
一、虚拟条件句：
条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。
1）If I were you, I would study hard.
2）If it rained, I would not be here now.
1）If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
2）If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
1) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
2) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
3)If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.
注意问题：
1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型，反之亦然。
eg: If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now.
If she didn’t love driving, she wouldn’t have become a taxi driver.
3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home
1) If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
2) If I were to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
3) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
4. with, without, but, but for, but that, otherwise, or引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。这时主句用虚拟
1) Without you, I would never know him.
2) But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
要不是你的合作，我们不可能把工作做得这么出色。
3) But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
要不是害怕，她会拒绝的。
eg: 1) I would be most glad to help you, but I
am busy now.
2) I would have come to the party yesterday,
but I was working.
3) I am busy now, otherwise I would help you.
4) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have know nothing about it.
5) What would you do with a million dollars
1) If he ______ drunk, he wouldn't have lost control of the car.
A. wasn't B. weren't C. hasn't been D. hadn't been
2) I would have gone to the concert, if I _____ time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
4) _______ I known it, I would have told you.
A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having
3) _______ to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem.
A. If he is B. Were he C. Had he D. Be he
5) ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been
alive.
A. If he went B. Were he gone
C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone
6) If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.
arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught
C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught
7) If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.
A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have
8) If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.
A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know
9)___, I would take an umbrella with me.
Had I been you B. I were you
C. Were I you D. I had been you
10) If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday.
A. will allow B. should allow
C. would have allowed D. had allowed
二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：
1. 在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：
主语＋(should）＋动词原形，如：
1). We suggested that the meeting should be held.
2) The suggestion that the meeting should be
held was rejected.
3) It was suggested that the meeting should be held.
4) The suggestion is that the meeting should be held.
5) It was required that the crops should be harvested
at once.
6) That is their demand that their wages be increased.
suggest等动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用(should) + do, 这类动词的字头记忆口诀为: I drop caps. 具体为:
insist, demand, desire, request(请求), require, order, propose(建议), command(命令), ask(要求), advise, prefer, suggest
注意:
1) I insisted that John had done it.
I insisted that John (should) do it.
eg: Her expression suggested that she was angry.
insist
1) 表示坚持认为
2）表示坚持要求某人该…
真实语气
虚拟语气
2) I insisted that the earth moves round the sun.
Suggest 表示暗示，说明的意思时用真实语气
He suggested that we (should) go to school at once.
2. 在It’s strange/important/necessary/surprising that…句式中, that 从句的谓语动词用(should) +do,如:
注意：在这种句子中绝不可用“would”、 “must” “could”等。
eg: 1) It’s strange that he (should) not come.
2) It’s important that you (should) ask your parents for advice about your work.
1) The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once.
A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring
2) He demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experiment was done.
was written B. be written
C. must be written D. would be written
4) It is required that you ____ at six.
A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive
5) He insisted that he ___ me before.
A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw
6) It is really strange that the girl ___ so early.
A. has been married B. has married
C. be married D. would marry
8) It is important that I ___ with Mr. Willians immediately.
A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak
7) He insisted that John ___ it.
A. do B. does C. did D. would do
9) The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.
A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given
El condor pass - Paul Simon
I’d rather be a sparrow （麻雀）than a snail（蜗牛）.
Yes I would.
If I could,
I surely would.
I’d rather be a hammer（铁锤） than a nail（钉子）.
Yes I would.
If I only could,
I surely would.
Away, I'd rather sail away
Like a swan（天鹅） that's here and gone
A man gets tied his feet on the ground
It gives the world
It's saddest sound,
It's saddest sound.
I'd rather be a forest than a street.
Yes I would.
If I could,
I surely would.
I'd rather feel the earth beneath my feet,
Yes I would.
If I only could,
I surely would.
三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：
1. wish后的宾语从句：
1)与现在愿望不一致 主语＋过去时；
2)与过去愿望不一致 主语＋had＋过去分词；
3)与未来愿望不一致 主语＋would（could, should, might）＋原形。
eg: 1) I wish (that) I were you.
2) I wish I had visited the White House when I was
in the States.
3) I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.
2. If only引起的感叹句
1) If only he could come! 他要能来就好了
2) If only I had known the answer!
我要早知答案就好了。
3) If only I knew the answer!
3. as if（though）引导的从句
eg: 1) She loves the children as if
they were hers.
2) Alan talked about Rome as
if he had been there
It seems as if it is going to rain.
4. would rather, 引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：
.
eg: 1) I’d rather you posted the letter right
away.
2) I’d rather you had returned the book
yesterday.
3) I’d rather you painted the wall green
next time.
5. It’s (high) time句型：当It’s time后用that从句时应该为：
主语＋should＋原形
主语＋过去时
eg: 1) It’s time that you went to school.
2) It’s time that you should go to
school.
6. 表示祝愿时, 用May +主语 + 动词原形, 如:
1) May you succeed in your work!
2) May you be happy!
1)The boy acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before.
A. as though B. even if C. as D. since
2) I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. was B. were C. had been D. should be
3) He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come
4) Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
5) But for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.
A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die
9) I’d rather you ___ right away.
A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave
7) I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party.
A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended
8) You talk as if you ___ there.
A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be
6) It’s high time that we ___ to school.
A. would to B. went C. go D. will go
12)He felt as if he ___ more time to study for the test.
A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need
11) It is high time we ___ off.
A. are B. were C. be D. will be
10) Without your help, our team ___ the last match.
A. won’t win B. will lose
C. wouldn’t have won D. can’t win
13)I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he ___ everything.
A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known