2023届高三英语二轮复习虚拟语气课件-(17张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习虚拟语气课件-(17张ppt) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 195.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-01-13 09:10:07 | ||
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(共17张PPT)
虚拟语气
If Tang Ning were in town, I would have heard about it.
If you had listened to the talk about the UN yesterday, you would know the answer to the question now.
虚拟语气是英语中用来表示对不可能发生的事物的一种猜测或假设的语气。
英语中的虚拟语气常见的类型有:
条件状语从句中的虚拟语气，
后宾语从句中的虚拟语气，
某些动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气，
些结构后主语从句中的虚拟语气等。
"if"条件状语从句中的虚拟语气的结构
虚拟类型 从句 主句
对现在情况的假设 一般过去时 would+动词原形
对将来情况的假设 一般过去时 would+动词原形
对过去情况的假设 过去完成时 would + have +
过去分词
一、对现在情况的假设
主要表示对不可能发生或不太可能发生的现在情况的假设，其中使用虚拟语气的句子有:
If you were in Germany, you would find soup that is thick and heavy.
If you were in China, you would find soup that is thin and clear.
二、对将来情况的假设
1.如果我有足够的时间,我一定会去。
If I had enough time, I would certainly go.
2.如果你快一点，你还会赶上那趟列车。
If you hurried up, you would catch that train.
3.如果你在大学里努力学习，将来你就会找到一份好工作。
If you studied hard in college, you would find a good job in the future.
三、对过去情况的假设
1)如果你早点开始做家庭作业，你早就做完了。
If you had begun to do your homework earlier, you would have completed them.
2)如果我听了老师的话，我该把这本英语书看完了。
If I had listened to the teacher, I would have finished reading the English book.
3)要是汤姆为其中考试做了充分准备，这次其中考试他就及格了。
If Tom had prepared the mid-term exam well, he would have passed it.
四、条件句虚拟语气中的情态动词该如何选用？
条件句虚拟语气主句除了可使用would外还可以便用might, could和should。其中should多用于第一人称后。在美国英语中在第一人称后多用would。
1) If I have enough time, I should have finished it.
2) If he hadn't been ill, he might have come.
3) If I had been more careful, I could have done better.
五、条件句虚拟语气从句中的be动词的正确形式
条件句虚拟语气中从句中的be动词不管是什么人称,多用were形式。但在非正式特别是口语中,第 一 、三 人称单数也可以使用was。
1) 如果他现在在这儿，他会帮助我的。
If he were here now, he would give us a hand.
2)如果我是你,我是不会去的 。
If I was you, I would not go.
3)如果她在这儿,我们可以问她 。
If she was here, we could ask her.
六、条件状语从句中的虚拟语气的倒装形式
当条件句虚拟语气的从句中含有be, have, should, 从句可以倒装。倒装的形式是把这四个单词提前至句首，将If省略,剩下的句序不变 。
1)Were I you, I would study hard.
2)Had I had enough time, I would have done it better.
3)Should John come now, what would you say to him
不正式！：Could the dead man have spoken, he would have identified his murderer.
怎样掌握虚拟语气
l.时间选择型
当虚拟语气用来表示一种不能成为现实、不真实的情况时，须选择与现在、将来和过去情况相反的三种不同时间，从而决定谓语动词。这类虚拟语气主要用于如下几方面:
1）虚拟条件句（含蓄虚拟条件句）
If l were you，l would study much harder．
If he did（were to do，should do）it，he would do it well．
I wouldn‘t have finished the work without your help．
2）由 even if/though引导的让步状语从句，其谓语动词变化同于虚拟条件句，在口语中也可用直陈语气。
Even if he were here, he wouldn‘t be able to help you．
Nothing could have saved your father，even if the doctor had arrived on time．
（3） wish后的宾语从句
I wish I were five years younger than you．
He wishes you would go with him.
I wished I had won the match．
注意：wish的时态不影响从句三种时间的判定。
（4） as if（though）引导的表语从句和方式状语从句
He looks as if he were very sleepy．
They are talking about something，as if they were quarrelling with each other.
2．should+动词原形型
这种类型的虚拟语气一般用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语和同位语从句。谓语由should+动词原形构成，无论什么人称都不能用 would，should在口语中可以略去。
1）在主语从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此，构成 It is natural（important, necessary，strange，a pity，a shame等）that… 句型
It is natural that you should say apology to him．
It is a pity that you should be careless．
2）用于表示命令、建议一类动词后的宾语从句，如：suggest，move，insist，demand，request，command等。
The young man insisted that he should be sent to do the work．
I suggested that we should set off earlier．
应注意：当insist表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当suggest为“说明了”，“暗示”的含义时，从句用直陈语气而不用虚拟语气。
The Arab insisted that he hadn‘t seen the camel．
His smile suggested that he was happy．
（3）当表示间接的要求、建议、命令、决定等名词作主语时，其表语从句用 should+动词原形。这类名词有 suggestion，request，order，advice，idea等。
The officer‘s order was that his soldiers should repair the defence works at once．
His advice is that your father should do more exercises in the morning．
（4）上述名词的同位语从句也应用should+动词原形。
I did not receive the order that you should leave here at once．
His suggest on that you should keep silent is reasonable．
3．一般过去式型
这类虚拟语气的谓语动词一般用动词过去式表示，常用于如下几个方面：
1）用would，could，might表示说话人的谦逊、客气、婉转
Could you tell me the way to the cinema？
Would you mind my smoking here？
2）用于so that和 in order that引导的目的状语从句。
They are climbing higher so that they could see the whole city．
但从句若要否定的话则用shouldn’t。
He locked the door of his room in order that he shouldn‘t be troubled by someone．
3）用于It is time that 句型。
It is time that the problem were solved．
在此句型中也可用should+动词原形。应注意该句型若用过去式表示时，第一、三人称单数不可用were代替was。
4．动词原形型
该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”
（1）表示强烈愿望。
God save me．
Heaven help us．
（2）用may放在句首表示说话人对对方的祝愿和祝福。
May you be happy．
May you succeed．
虚拟语气
If Tang Ning were in town, I would have heard about it.
If you had listened to the talk about the UN yesterday, you would know the answer to the question now.
虚拟语气是英语中用来表示对不可能发生的事物的一种猜测或假设的语气。
英语中的虚拟语气常见的类型有:
条件状语从句中的虚拟语气，
后宾语从句中的虚拟语气，
某些动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气，
些结构后主语从句中的虚拟语气等。
"if"条件状语从句中的虚拟语气的结构
虚拟类型 从句 主句
对现在情况的假设 一般过去时 would+动词原形
对将来情况的假设 一般过去时 would+动词原形
对过去情况的假设 过去完成时 would + have +
过去分词
一、对现在情况的假设
主要表示对不可能发生或不太可能发生的现在情况的假设，其中使用虚拟语气的句子有:
If you were in Germany, you would find soup that is thick and heavy.
If you were in China, you would find soup that is thin and clear.
二、对将来情况的假设
1.如果我有足够的时间,我一定会去。
If I had enough time, I would certainly go.
2.如果你快一点，你还会赶上那趟列车。
If you hurried up, you would catch that train.
3.如果你在大学里努力学习，将来你就会找到一份好工作。
If you studied hard in college, you would find a good job in the future.
三、对过去情况的假设
1)如果你早点开始做家庭作业，你早就做完了。
If you had begun to do your homework earlier, you would have completed them.
2)如果我听了老师的话，我该把这本英语书看完了。
If I had listened to the teacher, I would have finished reading the English book.
3)要是汤姆为其中考试做了充分准备，这次其中考试他就及格了。
If Tom had prepared the mid-term exam well, he would have passed it.
四、条件句虚拟语气中的情态动词该如何选用？
条件句虚拟语气主句除了可使用would外还可以便用might, could和should。其中should多用于第一人称后。在美国英语中在第一人称后多用would。
1) If I have enough time, I should have finished it.
2) If he hadn't been ill, he might have come.
3) If I had been more careful, I could have done better.
五、条件句虚拟语气从句中的be动词的正确形式
条件句虚拟语气中从句中的be动词不管是什么人称,多用were形式。但在非正式特别是口语中,第 一 、三 人称单数也可以使用was。
1) 如果他现在在这儿，他会帮助我的。
If he were here now, he would give us a hand.
2)如果我是你,我是不会去的 。
If I was you, I would not go.
3)如果她在这儿,我们可以问她 。
If she was here, we could ask her.
六、条件状语从句中的虚拟语气的倒装形式
当条件句虚拟语气的从句中含有be, have, should, 从句可以倒装。倒装的形式是把这四个单词提前至句首，将If省略,剩下的句序不变 。
1)Were I you, I would study hard.
2)Had I had enough time, I would have done it better.
3)Should John come now, what would you say to him
不正式！：Could the dead man have spoken, he would have identified his murderer.
怎样掌握虚拟语气
l.时间选择型
当虚拟语气用来表示一种不能成为现实、不真实的情况时，须选择与现在、将来和过去情况相反的三种不同时间，从而决定谓语动词。这类虚拟语气主要用于如下几方面:
1）虚拟条件句（含蓄虚拟条件句）
If l were you，l would study much harder．
If he did（were to do，should do）it，he would do it well．
I wouldn‘t have finished the work without your help．
2）由 even if/though引导的让步状语从句，其谓语动词变化同于虚拟条件句，在口语中也可用直陈语气。
Even if he were here, he wouldn‘t be able to help you．
Nothing could have saved your father，even if the doctor had arrived on time．
（3） wish后的宾语从句
I wish I were five years younger than you．
He wishes you would go with him.
I wished I had won the match．
注意：wish的时态不影响从句三种时间的判定。
（4） as if（though）引导的表语从句和方式状语从句
He looks as if he were very sleepy．
They are talking about something，as if they were quarrelling with each other.
2．should+动词原形型
这种类型的虚拟语气一般用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语和同位语从句。谓语由should+动词原形构成，无论什么人称都不能用 would，should在口语中可以略去。
1）在主语从句中用以表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此，构成 It is natural（important, necessary，strange，a pity，a shame等）that… 句型
It is natural that you should say apology to him．
It is a pity that you should be careless．
2）用于表示命令、建议一类动词后的宾语从句，如：suggest，move，insist，demand，request，command等。
The young man insisted that he should be sent to do the work．
I suggested that we should set off earlier．
应注意：当insist表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当suggest为“说明了”，“暗示”的含义时，从句用直陈语气而不用虚拟语气。
The Arab insisted that he hadn‘t seen the camel．
His smile suggested that he was happy．
（3）当表示间接的要求、建议、命令、决定等名词作主语时，其表语从句用 should+动词原形。这类名词有 suggestion，request，order，advice，idea等。
The officer‘s order was that his soldiers should repair the defence works at once．
His advice is that your father should do more exercises in the morning．
（4）上述名词的同位语从句也应用should+动词原形。
I did not receive the order that you should leave here at once．
His suggest on that you should keep silent is reasonable．
3．一般过去式型
这类虚拟语气的谓语动词一般用动词过去式表示，常用于如下几个方面：
1）用would，could，might表示说话人的谦逊、客气、婉转
Could you tell me the way to the cinema？
Would you mind my smoking here？
2）用于so that和 in order that引导的目的状语从句。
They are climbing higher so that they could see the whole city．
但从句若要否定的话则用shouldn’t。
He locked the door of his room in order that he shouldn‘t be troubled by someone．
3）用于It is time that 句型。
It is time that the problem were solved．
在此句型中也可用should+动词原形。应注意该句型若用过去式表示时，第一、三人称单数不可用were代替was。
4．动词原形型
该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”
（1）表示强烈愿望。
God save me．
Heaven help us．
（2）用may放在句首表示说话人对对方的祝愿和祝福。
May you be happy．
May you succeed．