2023年中考英语主题阅读理解-科技文阅读第五辑（含答案）

中考阅读专项-科技文阅读 第五辑
(篇目1)
“Hello. everyone! Welcome to Tiangong Class.” With this greeting, a special lecture(讲座) began on Tiangong space station about 400 kilometers above Earth on Dec. 9th 2021.
The space lecture was broadcast live(直播) to millions of students for an hour. Three astronauts Wang Yaping, Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu from the Shenzhou Ⅷ crew(船员) hosted the lecture, introducing how they lived and worked on the space station and doing some interesting experiments(实验) that can only be done in space.
This is the second live space lecture in China. In 2013, with the help of two other Shenzhou Ⅹ crew members, Wang hosted the country’s first live space lecture to over 60 million schoolchildren across China.
Compared with the class eight years ago, this year’s space lecture is greatly different. The “classroom” is bigger. Instead of Tiangong I experimental module(实验舱), this year Wang had the space lecture in the Tianhe space core module(核心舱), which is the biggest spacecraft(航天器) developed by China.
Eight years ago, students could watch the interesting phenomenon(现象) of weightlessness in space on TV. Along with the technological progress, this year’s space lecture discussed more areas in science. Though various(多样的) topics(主题) were added, the aim(目的) behind the lectures has never changed—“Light up the interests for science among young people.”
1．How far is Tiangong space station from the earth
A．400 km B．600 km C．800 km D．1000 km
2．Who gave the space lecture twice
A．Zhai Zhigang. B．Ye Guangfu. C．Wang Yaping. D．Yang Liwei.
3．The underlined word “weightlessness” probably means “________”.
A．超重 B．缺氧 C．失重 D．引力
4．The space lectures aim to ________.
A．show how strong China is B．teach people science
C．make money D．make young people interested in science
5．What can we learn from the passage
A．The two space lectures were given in the same module.
B．The space lecture in 2021 had more topics.
C．The space lecture can’t attract(吸引) young people to study science.
D．Fewer students attended the space lecture in 2021.
(篇目2)
A sea turtle（乌龟）swims through the water and sees a white object floating（漂浮）. “Yum!” it thinks. “A jellyfish!”, the turtle eats it as its dinner. But the object isn’t a jellyfish﹣it’s a plastic bag that could make the sea turtle sick. This sea creature isn’t alone: Over 700 kinds of the sea creatures have been reported to have eaten plastic or been trapped（陷入困境）in plastic. Scientists think that the amount（数量）of plastic in the ocean might triple（三倍）by 2050. But by understanding it and taking action, you can help stop that from happening.
WHAT’S THE PROBLEM WITH PLASTIC
First, let’s get real: Not all plastic is bad. Many medical supplies made with plastic save lives. Plastic water bottles can bring clean drinking water to people who don’t have it, and plastic straws（吸管）can help people with disabilities drink. The problem is that most of us use and then throw away more plastic than we need: things like plastic bags, drink bottles, straws and so on. This kind of plastic that’s used only once before being thrown away is called single-use plastic, and it makes up more than 40 percent of all plastic rubbish.
WHERE DOES THE PLASTIC GO
Scientists think that 8.8 million tons of plastic winds up in the ocean every year. How does it get into the sea Plastic left on the ground as litter often blows into creeks（小溪）and rivers, finally ending up in the ocean. And because plastic doesn’t decompose（分解）, so it stays in the ocean forever.
WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT IT
In fact, we can do a lot to help keep Earth clean! For example, we can take a clothing bag to go slopping instead of plastic one. Buy less takeaway food, use less plastic forks and bowls. If we pull together, our choices can help save animals and the ocean they live in.
6．What can we know from Paragraph 1
A．Sea creatures like eating plastic bags.
B．The sea turtle has eaten a jellyfish as its dinner.
C．Many sea creatures like the turtle have eaten plastic or been trapped in plastic.
7．What is the problem of plastic according to Paragraph 2
A．Plastic can be used only once.
B．Plastic can produce a lot of rubbish.
C．Plastic can help the disabled to drink.
8．What’s the writer’s writing purpose according to the passage
A．To call for our action against plastic pollution.
B．To show a fact that not all plastic is bad.
C．To tell us a plastic bag that could make the sea turtle sick.
9．What is the best title of this passage
A．How to Use Plastic B．A Story of A Sea Turtle C．Plastic Pollution
(篇目3)
We all know plastic pollution has become a serious problem. One million plastic drinking bottles are thrown away every minute. What if we could use plastic waste to build roads This is exactly what Toby McCartney has done.
In 2019, McCartney’s UK-based company, MacRebur, built a plastic road in Elgin town, Scotland. The plastic waste was made into grains（颗粒）and then mixed with bitumen(沥青). The road looks just like any other road. But it has improved strength and is more stretchy(有弹性的) thanks to the plastic.
“Our technology can not only help solve the problem of plastic waste but also produce roads that deal better with changes in the weather,” McCartney said.
McCartney’s idea came from a trip to India. “I saw people in India would put plastic waste into potholes(路面的坑洼) and burn it. The plastic would melt down(熔化) and fill the holes,” said McCartney.
“I knew that there must be some correspondences between plastic and bitumen, which both come from oil. That’s how I started to think about mixing them,” he said.
After lots of testing, McCartney found the perfect method. And now his company has built many plastic roads around the world. A one-kilometer stretch of road uses about 684, 000 plastic bottles or 1.8 million plastic bags. The road itself can be recycled and the materials can be reused to build new roads.
“We’re just a small part of ending the plastic problems, but it’s nice to be part of it,” McCartney said. “I just don’t want my daughters to live in a world where there are more plastics in the ocean than fish.”
10．Compared with normal roads, the plastic road _________.
a. is not easy to break b. is fit for hot weather c. is more stretchy d. costs more money
A．ab B．ac C．bc D．bd
11．________ gave McCartney the idea of building the plastic road.
A．Too many changes in the weather
B．His wish to reduce plastic pollution
C．His knowledge of plastic and bitumen
D．Indian people’s way of dealing with potholes
12．The underlined word “correspondences” in this passage means ________.
A．competitions B．connections C．differences D．reasons
13．What does McCartney mean in the last paragraph
A．He is ready to offer help in reducing plastic pollution.
B．Children should also join to reduce plastic pollution.
C．Plastic problems will soon be solved with his help.
D．Plastic pollution is becoming more and more serious.
14．What is the main idea of the passage
A．To describe how much a kid’s future matters.
B．To encourage every company to build a plastic road.
C．To help people understand how harmful plastic waste is.
D．To tell people plastic waste can be reused to build a road.
(篇目4)
China’s second female astronaut Wang Yaping, has given the country’s first-ever video lecture from space. The whole lecture lasted about 40 minutes.
Speaking to students through live video, from the Tiangong-I space laboratory（实验室）, Ms. Wang used spinning tops（旋转的陀螺）, a ball and some water to explain physics in zero-gravity（失重）, with the help of a fellow astronaut.
Ms. Wang used different experiments to demonstrate（演示）the concepts of weight and mass（重量和质量的概念）in space. Towards the end of the class, Ms. Wang made a film（薄膜）of water using a metal ring. She then turned the film of water into a water ball by pouring more water onto it.
Around 330 primary and secondary school students watched the lecture from a special classroom in Beijing, where they could also ask Ms. Wang questions through live video. From time to time, the students greeted her lecture with warm applause（掌声）.
When answering a student’s question, Ms. Wang described what she could see in space. “The stars we see are much brighter, but they do not twinkle（闪烁）,” she said, “The sky we see isn’t blue, but black. And every day, we can see the sun rise 16 times because we cirele the Earth every 90 minutes.”
About 60 million students and teachers around China also watched the lecture live on TV.
15．What’s the purpose of the space lecture
A．To demonstrate the concept of weight and mass in space.
B．To explain physics of zero-gravity in space.
C．To tell us what can be seen in space.
D．To show that the Earth is far away from space.
16．Towards the end of the lecture, Wang Yaping made a film of water so as to _________.
A．play with it B．use a metal ring C．pour more water onto it D．turn it into a water ball
17．About _________ students and teachers watched the lecture both from a special classroom and on TV.
A．6, 000, 000 B．60, 000, 000 C．6, 000, 330 D．60, 000, 330
18．Which is NOT true according to the passage
A．The sky isn’t blue but black when astronauts see it in space.
B．Wang Yaping is China’s second female astronaut.
C．Wang Yaping gave the lecture from space all by herself.
D．The lecture was warmly welcomed by the students.
(篇目5)
Snow forests make up about 30% of the world’s total forest areas. These wonderful woodlands are not as famous as the Amazon rainforests but they are just as important.
Snow forests are found in the far north of the world, in areas that are quite cold and usually have a lot of snowfall. They lie across parts of Canada, China, Finland, Japan, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the US. Snow forests have very cold winters that can last up to six months. But even so, they are home to many kinds of animals, including foxes, mice and wolves. In the US and Canada, as many as five billion birds from more than 300 species live in the forests in the breeding (繁殖) season.
These woodlands perform an important job: helping to take in harmful gases. The gases are given off by burning coal, oil and gas, which can cause climate change. However, snow forests are facing several problems. Trees are being cut down faster and faster for their wood, which can be used for building. Some forests are being cleared to make space for new roads and houses, or to allow coal and gas industries to grow. What’s worse, as the world gets warmer, Canada and Russia have seen terrible fires spread through the forests.
Luckily, environmental and wildlife groups around the world are working hard to protect snow forests. This means that cutting down trees is controlled in some areas and the forests are seen as areas of special scientific interest. When wood is needed, replanting plans and careful forest management help to reduce the human influence so that the forests are managed in a way that they can survive and regrow.
19．Where are snow forests mainly found
A．In South America. B．In the north of the earth.
C．In the UK and Canada. D．In the south of the earth.
20．What do we know about snow forests from this passage
A．They need a long time to grow up.
B．They are famous just like rainforests.
C．They produce best wood for building.
D．They are important to many animals and birds.
21．What mainly causes snow forests to be in danger
A．Heavy snowfall. B．Air pollution.
C．Human activities. D．Animals’ waste.
22．What’s the purpose of this passage
A．To call on us to protect snow forests. B．To invite people to visit snow forests.
C．To compare rainforests to snow forests. D．To describe the wildlife in snow forests.
23．What does the writer think of snow forests’ future
A．Hopeful. B．Awful. C．Doubtful. D．Wonderful.
(篇目6)
A
High-tech pollution protection Technology company Dyson has created headphones with a visor (面罩) to help people avoid polluted air. Called the Dyson Zone, it connects noise-canceling headphones with a visor that sits just in front of the nose and mouth, providing users with cleaned air. The product is designed to fight against air and sound pollution.
___________ On March 15, the UN General Assembly (联合国大会) passed a resolution supporting bicycles as a tool for dealing with climate change. It calls on member countries to add bicycles to public transportation and encourages them to focus on bicycle-sharing services. The UN said transportation is the third - largest source of carbon dioxide (CO2) , a greenhouse gas that causes global warming. Choosing a bike over a car just once a day can reduce a person’ s transportation carbon emissions by 67 percent, according to a University of Oxford study.
Planting forests for the future China’ s National Forestry and Grassland Administration of forest in 2021 brought out a report on March 11, showing China’ s land - greening progress in 2021. According to the report, 3 million hectares of Chinese grassland were improved through grass planting, and 23, 900 hectares of farmland were changed into grassland. As much as 1. 44 million hectares of land were saved from becoming desert.
24．All the news above has something to do with ________ .
A．invention B．laws C．environment D．achievements
25．The idea of the Dyson Zone is to ________ .
A．introduce a new product B．show how creative Dyson is
C．provide users with more air D．protect people from pollution
26．The best heading for the second news would be ________ .
A．Two-wheeled Solution B．An Environmentally-friendly Bicycle
C．Serious Climate Change D．Cars vs Bicycles
27．Why did the UN suggest riding bikes more often
A．Because it is a lot better for health.
B．Because it will produce far less greenhouse gas.
C．Because riding bikes is much cheaper than driving cars.
D．Because it can draw more attention to bicycle-sharing services.
28．It’s clear that ________ .
A．China planted a lot of trees on March 11, 2022
B．China doesn’ t have to worry about grass and any more
C．China taught many people how to plant trees
D．China achieved greatly in the field of land-greening
(篇目7)
At 15:40 on December 9th, 2021, the “space teacher”, Wang Yaping, made some experiments in the Tianhe Core Module of the Chinese Space Station.
“Welcome to the ‘Tiangong Classroom!’” said Wang Yaping.
※Taking a “spacewalk” is difficult
Ye Guangfu was working hard to walk, but his body floated (漂浮)! Then he tried to turn around but he couldn’t. “In space, astronauts are in a weightless environment. So we need to use nearby devices (装置) to move,” he said.
※The paper flower “blooms”
In the “Tiangong Classroom,” Wang Yaping made a beautiful water film (水膜). Then she took out a paper flower and placed it on the film of water. The pink flower slowly “bloomed”! “I hope your dreams can bloom in the huge universe!” she said.
※“Space Happy Ball” brings fun
Wang Yaping asked the children on the ground to put their ping pong ball in the water. The density (密度) of the ball was less than that of the water, so it floated up.
In space, when she put the ping pong ball into the water, it did not float up to the surface. It stopped in the center of the water!
“The buoyancy (浮力) disappears in a weightless environment in space so the ping pong ball cannot float,” Ms. Wang explained.
29．Why was it difficult for Ye Guangfu to turn around
A．Because he was working too hard. B．Because he was too tired to turn around.
C．Because he was walking too fast. D．Because he was in a weightless environment.
30．What does the underlined word “blooms” mean in Chinese
A．成长 B．开花 C．发亮 D．兴旺
31．What does the underlined “it” refer to
A．The paper flower. B．The water film.
C．The “Tiangong Classroom”. D．The huge universe.
32．Which is TRUE according to the passage
A．Astronauts need nearby devices to float.
B．Wang Yaping grew flowers in the space station.
C．The paper flower bloomed on the film of water in space.
D．The ping pong ball didn't float up in the water on Earth.
33．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Huge University B．Difficult Spacewalk
C．The Chinese Space Station D．Amazing Space Classroom
(篇目8)
It was a perfect summer morning on the beach in Rio De Janeiro. A man set up his umbrella and chair near the water and was ready to read his book. Just then, when he looked toward the sea, he noticed a small shape that came out of the water. It slowly made its way out onto the sand and began to flap (拍动) its wings. It was obviously weak and tired.
When the creature was just a few feet away, the man couldn’t believe his eyes. A penguin Penguins don’t belong to Rio. The man was amazed. He looked around to see if there was anyone else noticing this strange sight.
A jogger soon appeared, followed by another. They stopped and stared. It was clear that the penguin was having trouble breathing. The first jogger looked at the sea and said, “Poor fellow, so far away from home.”
The penguin fell to its side. It had swum 2,000 miles, trying to find the tiny fish that penguins like to eat. Why did the penguin need to travel so far Perhaps it was confused by moving ocean currents and temperatures—common effects of global warming. The penguin needed help. It would not survive on the hot sand.
One of the joggers phoned for help, and soon some firemen arrived. The man was glad that the penguin would soon be safe, although he felt a little sad, too.
The event on the beach at Rio happened some time ago. It was only the beginning of penguin migration (迁移) to Brazil. Since that time, hundreds of penguins have appeared on the coasts of Brazil. They come all the way from Patagonia and the Straits of Magellan, southern parts of South America. They land on the sands very tired and hungry, and many of them die. Some are shipped or flown back to colder waters farther south.
Perhaps the experience of the penguins will help us better understand the serious effect of human activity on climate change and on the condition of our planet.
34．Why did the man think it strange to see a penguin on the beach of Rio
A．Penguins there had already died out. B．Penguins do not live in Brazil.
C．The penguin was not afraid of him. D．The penguin was moving very fast.
35．What probably caused the penguin to land on the beach of Rio
A．Global warming. B．Pollution in South America.
C．Penguins’ natural migration. D．Animal scientists’ help.
36．From the underlined sentence in the passage, we know that the writer ________.
A．is hopeful B．is happy C．is shocked D．is worried
37．We can infer that the writer’s writing purpose is to ________.
A．remind people to mind human activity and protect our planet
B．tell us the experience of the penguins
C．call on us to save the penguins on the beach of Rio
D．show people in Brazil are friendly to penguins
38．What is the best title for the text
A．Brazil Beach B．South America Culture
C．Unexpected Guests D．Human Activity
(篇目9)
A tornado (龙卷风) is a kind of strong storm with air which moves in a circle quickly. They can move over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of damage (损坏). As they move across the land, they can easily pick up cars, trucks, and even houses, and then throw them very far. It is important to find a safe place if a tornado gets close.
A safe place could be a basement (地下室) or the lowest floor. If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house. You should curl up (蜷缩) into a ball and cover your head and neck with your hands.
But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes. One of the best ways to do this is to get as close as possible to the tornado. They use special tools to measure (测量) what is happening in and around a tornado.
One special tool is called a tornado probe (探测仪). Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors (传感器) to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction. Some probes even have cameras, so the scientists can see and understand what it’s like to be in a tornado.
To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado. Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place. If they are right, the tornado will go near or even right over the probe. Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form (形成) and travel. And they can give people some warning to keep away from a dangerous tornado.
39．If a tornado gets close, what should people do to keep safe
A．Go to a basement. B．Find a small room.
C．Stay in a bathroom. D．Curl the legs up.
40．Which statement about the scientists is TRUE
A．They risk their lives studying tornadoes.
B．They can easily put the probe in the right place.
C．They get close to a tornado to admire it.
D．With the help of the measurements, they can prevent the tornado forming.
41．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．what a tornado is
B．how dangerous a tornado is
C．where a tornado may form and travel
D．how scientists do research work on tornadoes
(篇目10)
Sticking to a vegan (素食的) diet might sound difficult, especially since many popular dishes have meat in them. Yet in recent years, veganism has become one of the fastest-growing trends in the world. According to Huff Post, more than 3 million people in the United States are vegans. In the UK, about 542, 000 people have chosen veganism over the past 10 years.
What is driving this growth in veganism One reason might be that people want to protect the environment. According to a 2013 study by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, global meat manufacturing (加工) causes about 18 percent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions (排放). This is more than all the world’s cars, trains and planes combined.
According to BBC News, one reason is that many of today’s young people believe it’s wrong to kill animals for food. For many people, veganism simply means eating no meat, cheese or eggs, but going animal-free also applies to fashion and manufacturing. For example, leather is used to make shoes and clothing. Every year more than 1 billion animals, from cows to horses to snakes, are killed to make products from their skins. Now, many brands are looking for other materials.
The sports brand Puma, for example, has made shoes out of pineapple leaves. Tesla, the US carmaker, is said to be taking away animal-based leather from its seats. Earlier this year, US singer Lady Gaga created the vegan makeup brand Haus Laboratories. On the brand’s Instagram account, it says: “Cruelty-free and vegan, because we love animals and you.” So, if you’re interested in protecting animals and saving the environment, you might want to give veganism a try.
42．In what kind of ways does the writer tell us veganism has become popular
A．By using numbers. B．By providing causes.
C．By doing a survey. D．By sharing his own experiences.
43．More and more people are choosing veganism because ________.
A．they think eating meat is not healthy B．processing meat pollutes the environment
C．veganism has become one of the fastest-growing trends in the world D．there are new materials to replace animal products
44．The examples in Paragraph 4 show that ________.
A．some brands and famous people try to protect animals B．many famous people are vegans
C．veganism is popular all over the world D．we can live on plants in the future
45．“Cruelty-free” in Paragraph 4 means ________.
A．no animals are killed B．environmentally friendly
C．some animals are harmed D．we are free to be cruel
46．What’s the main purpose of the passage
A．To help people choose a healthy diet. B．To call on people to protect the environment.
C．To introduce the trend of veganism. D．To explain animal cruelty.
参考答案
1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．B
6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C
10．B 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．D
15．B 16．D 17．D 18．C
19．B 20．D 21．C 22．A 23．A
24．C 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．D
29．D 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．D
34．B 35．A 36．D 37．A 38．C
39．A 40．A 41．D
42．A 43．B 44．A 45．A 46．C