中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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词汇填空
-2023年上海十六区高三英语一模汇编
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1.宝山区
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. disturbing B. resources C. altered D. effective E. recorded F. permanently G. specially H. machines I. signified J. accurately K. impossible
When an endangered seabird hits a power line, it makes a sound “very much like the laser sound from Star Wars,” says conservation biologist Marc Travers. He should know, as his team from the Endangered Seabird Recovery Project ___11___ thousands of hours of audio to determine if power lines affected local seabirds. Travers was trying to help establish how frequently birds are killed by power lines on the island of Kauai in Hawaii in 2011.
His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Conservation Metrics, a company that assists conservation efforts with AI ___12___. Conservation Metrics used a program to “listen” to the recordings and count the sounds that ___13___ bird electrocutions(电击). The result was ___14___, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands. Armed with proof that power lines were killing a significant number of birds, the team worked with the local utility (公共事业) service to reduce bird deaths.
In science fiction stories such as The Matrix, AI-powered ___15___ take over the world and end life on the planet as we know it. But in reality, programs that use AI to sort through mountains of data might just save some species from disappearing ___16___.
By many measures, humans have been poor managers of the planet. Humans have ___17___ as much as 97 percent of land ecosystems. Key populations of monitored animals have declined as much as 68 percent since 1970. The decline in biodiversity around the world has created a hopeless situation. Conservation efforts lack key resources they need to be ___18___.
Fortunately, humans now have AI-based tools that can help. AI can quickly and ___19___ sort through large amounts of data created by observations in the field. Then other programs such as PAWS (Protection Assistant for Wildlife Security) can help analyze the data and suggest the most effective ways to focus conservation efforts.
In large national parks and wildlife reserves, illegal hunters are a danger for animals both big and small. Some animals are worth a lot of money on the black market. Park rangers are left with a(n) ____20____ task because there is too much land to cover. But the PAWS program allows rangers to focus their efforts. PAWS has even predicted the existence of trap lines in areas not yet checked by rangers!
We still face many challenges to change the loss of wildlife, but AI-powered programs promise to be a powerful conservation tool.
【答案】11. E 12. B 13. I 14. A 15. H 16. F 17. C 18. D 19. J 20. K
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种以人工智能为载体保护野生动物的方式。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：他应该知道，因为他的濒危海鸟恢复项目团队录制了数千小时的音频，以确定电线是否影响了当地的海鸟。分析句子成分可知，空处为as引导的原因状语从句中的谓语动词；根据上下文可知，是在讲过去的事情，故用一般现在时即可；后文“His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Conservation Metrics,(他的团队录制了600小时的音频，并将录音发送给Conservation Metrics公司，)”可知，他的团队是“录制”了音频，空处和后文recorded为原文复现。故选E项。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：他的团队录制了600小时的音频，并将这些录音发送到保护指标公司，该公司利用人工智能资源协助保护工作。根据上文“His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Conservation Metrics,( 他的团队录制了600小时的音频，并将录音发送给Conservation Metrics公司，)”、下文“Armed with proof that power lines were killing a significant number of birds, the team worked with the local utility service to reduce bird deaths. (有了电线杀死大量鸟类的证据，该团队与当地公用事业公司合作，以减少鸟类死亡。)”中提到的recordings“录音”和proof“证据”可知，这些都属于人工智能所提供的资源。B项“资源”符合句意。故选B项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：Conservation Metrics公司使用一个程序来“听”录音，并计算了表示鸟类触电身亡的声音。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词为the sounds，空处需要填从句中的谓语动词，时态需要对应全文为一般过去时态；根据后文“The result was ___4___, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands.(结果令人不安，因为触电的鸟类数量达到了数千只。)”可知，声音是鸟触电时发出的声音。I项意为“表示”、“代表”，符合句意。故选I项。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：结果令人不安，因为触电而死亡的鸟类数量达到了数千只。分析句子成分可知，空处需要填形容词作表语，形容主语The result，而结合上文“the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands(被电死的鸟的数量高达数千只。)”可知，结果是，被电死的鸟类数量巨大，这是非常令人不安的数据。A项“令人不安的”符合文意。故选A项。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：在《黑客帝国》等科幻小说中，人工智能机器控制了世界，结束了我们所知的地球上的生命。根据常识可知，人工智能本身是一种机器；句中谓语动词为take over，故主语应为复数。H项machines“机器”符合句意和语法结构。故选H项。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：但在现实中，使用人工智能对海量数据进行分类的程序可能只是为了避免一些物种永久消失。分析句子成分可知，空处填副词修饰空前disappearing。前文“In science fiction stories such as The Matrix, AI-powered machines take over the world and end life on the planet as we know it.(在《黑客帝国》等科幻小说中，人工智能机器控制了世界，结束了我们所知的地球上的生命。)”提到end life“结束生命”，故空处也需要填副词表示结束一些物种的生命。F项“永久地”符合句意，表示使这些物种灭绝。故选F项。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：人类改变了多达97%的陆地生态系统。根据后文“Key populations of monitored animals have declined as much as 68 percent since 1970. The decline in biodiversity around the world has created a hopeless situation.(自1970年以来，受监测的主要动物种群数量减少了68%。全球生物多样性的下降已经造成了一个绝望的局面。)”可知，人类的存在对陆地生态系统造成了影响。C项“改变”符合句意，和“影响”的情感态度相近。故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：保护工作缺乏有效的关键资源。分析句子成分可知，空处需要填形容词作表语；D项“有效的”用于形容“关键资源”，符合句意。故选D项。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：人工智能可以快速准确地对现场观测产生的大量数据进行分类。分析句子成分，空前有and并列了副词quickly“快速地”，故空处也需要填一个副词。J项“准确地”符合文意，表示人工智能对大数据进行分类又快又准。故选J项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：公园管理员面临着一项不可能完成的任务，因为要覆盖的土地太多了。分析句子，空前有不定冠词，空后为名词task“任务”，故空处需要填形容词；结合后文“because there is too much land to cover.(因为要覆盖的土地太多了。)”可知，公园覆盖的面积太大，管理员一个人无法完成这样的挑战，所以这是一个“不可能完成的任务”。K项“不可能的”符合句意。故选K项。
2.崇明区
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. battle B. built-in C. candidate D. carbon-free E. commercial F. contained
G. costly H. demonstrated I. footprint J. financed K. growing
Several Carmakers Push Plans to Offer Hydrogen-powered Vehicles
Several big automakers recently announced plans to keep investing in hydrogen vehicle technology. The plans come even as many industry experts believe the technology faces a major uphill ____31____ to compete against battery-powered electric cars.
Hydrogen-powered cars are also known as fuel cell electric vehicles, or FCEVs. With these vehicles, fuel cells convert (转化) hydrogen gas into electricity. This differs from electric vehicles, or EVs, which get their power from a ____32____ battery.
Last month, the chief of Japan’s Toyota Motors, Akio Toyoda, attended a race that ____33____ an experimental hydrogen vehicle. The vehicle ____34____ a traditional gasoline-powered engine that had been converted to run on hydrogen.
Toyoda told reporters at the event such conversions could keep traditional internal combustion engines (内燃机) running in a ____35____ world. This, he said, could avoid the need to completely leave behind internal combustion and save millions of auto industry jobs.
In Germany, BMW and Volkswagen Group are both developing hydrogen-powered passenger vehicles along with a series of new EVs. BMW said last month it has developed a hydrogen prototype (原型) based on its X5 model in a project partly ____36____ by the German government.
Officials at South Korean automaker Hyundai have also spoken about the importance of continuing to explore hydrogen-based vehicles along with developing EVs. The company currently sells a passenger fuel cell vehicle called the NEXO. And Hyundai announced it plans to offer hydrogen fuel cell versions for all its ____37____ vehicles by 2028.
In fuel cell technology, hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce electrical power. It is considered clean energy because the process only releases water and steam into the atmosphere. This makes the technology a good ____38____ for helping the world reduce its carbon emissions.
Currently, however, most of the hydrogen produced worldwide is made using natural gas or coal — both of which cause pollution. Supporters of the technology expect that to change over time. They say the ____39____ use of electricity from wind and solar energy will be able to separate hydrogen and oxygen in water. Those production methods, however, are more ____40____.
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. H 34. F 35. D 36. J 37. E 38. C 39. K 40. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了几家汽车制造商推出氢动力汽车的计划。同时文中分析了氢动力汽车的优势与劣势。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些计划出台之际，许多行业专家认为，该技术在与电池驱动的电动汽车竞争时面临着一场重大的艰苦战斗。分析句子，设空处填写名词作宾语。根据句意，表示“面临着一场重大的艰苦战斗”用face a major uphill battle。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这与电动汽车不同，电动汽车的动力来自内置电池。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。根据前文“With these vehicles, fuel cells convert (转化) hydrogen gas into electricity.(在这些车辆中，燃料电池将氢气转化为电能。)”可知，在氢动力汽车中，燃料电池将氢气转化为电能，而这与电动汽车不同，电动汽车的动力来自内置电池。表示“内置的”用built-in。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：上个月，日本丰田汽车公司(Toyota Motors)总裁丰田章男(Akio Toyoda)参加了一场展示实验性氢动力汽车的比赛。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作that引导定语从句的谓语动词。该句子表述的是过去事实，故使用一般过去时。此处表示“演示”用demonstrate。应填demonstrated。故选H。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：这辆车装有一个传统的汽油动力发动机，已被改装为氢动力发动机。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，表示“包含，装有”用contain；句子表述过去事实，应使用一般过去时。故选F。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Toyoda在发布会上告诉记者，这种转换可以让传统的内燃机在无碳世界中运行。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。表示“无碳的”用carbon-free。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：宝马上个月表示，该公司已经在X5车型的基础上开发了一款氢动力原型车，该项目得到了德国政府的部分资助。根据后文的“by the German government”可知，此原型得到了德国政府资助。分析句子，句中a hydrogen prototype与finance之间是被动关系，has为谓语动词，设空处应该使用过去分词作后置定语。表示“被资助的”用financed。故选J。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：现代汽车宣布，计划到2028年为其所有商用车提供氢燃料电池版本。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。表示“商业的，商用的”用commercial。故选E。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：这使得这项技术成为帮助世界减少碳排放的一个很好的候选者。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作宾语。同时根据前文的“because the process only releases water and steam into the atmosphere.(因为这个过程只会向大气中释放水和蒸汽。)”可知，氢氧结合的发电过程只会向大气中释放水和蒸汽，因此对帮助世界减少碳排放的一个很好的候选者。表示“候选者”用candidate。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们表示，越来越多地使用风能和太阳能发电将能够分离水中的氢和氧。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语。根据前文“ however, most of the hydrogen produced worldwide is made using natural gas or coal.( 然而，全球生产的大部分氢气都是用天然气或煤炭生产的。)”可知，在当前大部分的氢气都是用天然气或煤炭生产的，因此 此处强调在未来要越来越多地使用风能和太阳能发电将能够分离水中的氢和氧。表示“不断增长的使用，越来越多的使用”用the growing use。故选K。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，这些生产方法成本更高。分析句子，设空处应该使用形容词作表语。根据前文的however可知，此处表示“通过风能和太阳能发电将水中的氢和氧分离”该项技术是成本更高的。表示“高成本的”用costly。故选G。
3.奉贤区
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. lonely B. convey C. touches D. inconvenience E. widely F. accompanying G. composition H. captures I. abandon J. sensory K. wearing
An Innovative Painter
Alan is a pioneering painter, working with oil paint on canvas in a traditional way. It is only in his use of paint that he differs from the usual practice of using brushes.
Although he does use a brush to draw the main lines of his ____11____, he uses painting knives to apply the paint. Early on he found that paint laid on with painting knives gave him the particular body and texture (质地) he wanted to ____12____ his subjects. The knife is capable of an enormous variety of marks, from delicate ____13____ to fierce sweeping and slices of paint. The knife’s sharp edged marks create their own dynamic of light and shade. Alan possesses many painting knives of different sizes, but tends to favour three or four, which are now ____14____thin with constant use. He is still discovering new possibilities with the knife, driven by the demands of a new subject. Although Alan’s paintings are made in the studio, they are all composed from drawings made outdoors. These drawings are the seed corn on which all his paintings are based. The marks that go down on paper make sure he ____15____not just the actual scene but also the changing light, the direction of the wind and the ____16____ sounds and smells. For the painter, the whole ____17____ experience remains fixed within the drawing long after he has left the scene.
Throughout his life Alan has travelled ____18____for particular places that fuel his creative imagination. He is an adventurous seeker, regardless of the ____19____ or difficulty of some of the locations. Long ago he decided to ____20____the idea of working on large oil paintings out of doors because it involved canvases, oil paints and many other tools around. He now travels light, taking only sketchbooks, pens and a few watercolours with him. This gives him the freedom to draw anywhere and to catch the fleeting moment — the “here-and-now-ness” of the place.
【答案】11. G 12. B 13. C 14. K 15. H 16. F 17. J 18. E 19. D 20. I
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。艾伦是一位先锋画家，他以传统的方式在画布上作画。他只是在使用颜料方面不同于通常使用画笔的做法。文章对这位画家进行了介绍。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然他确实用毛笔来画他作品的主要线条，但他使用绘画刀来作画。根据“he uses painting knives to apply the paint”可知，此处是指用毛笔来画他作品的主要线条，所以应用名词composition表示“作品”作宾语。故选G。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：早期，他发现用画刀涂上的颜料给了他想要传达主题的特殊主体和纹理。根据“his subjects”可知，此处是指表达画的主题，所以应用动词convey表示“传达”。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：这把刀可以留下各种各样的痕迹，从精致的修饰到激烈的横扫和油漆的切片。根据“to fierce sweeping and slices of paint”可知，此处是指精致的修饰，所以应用名词touch表示“修饰”作宾语。故选C。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：艾伦有许多不同大小的绘画刀，但他更喜欢三到四把，因为经常使用，这些刀现在都磨薄了。根据“with constant use”可知，此处是指这些刀现在都磨薄了。所以应用动词wear表示“磨损”。故选K。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：纸上的标记确保他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线、风的方向以及伴随的声音和气味。根据“not just the actual scene but also the changing light”可知，此处是指他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线，所以应用动词capture表示“捕捉”。故选H。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：纸上的标记确保他不仅捕捉到了真实的场景，还捕捉到了变化的光线、风的方向以及伴随的声音和气味。根据“the direction of the wind”和“sounds and smells”可知，此处是指伴随的声音和气味。所以应用形容词accompanying表示“伴随的”作定语。故选F。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：对于画家来说，在他离开现场很久之后，整个感官体验仍然固定在画中。根据“the changing light, the direction of the wind”和“sounds and smells”可知，此处是指整个感官体验仍然固定在画中，所以应用名词sensory表示“感官”作定语。故选J。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：在他的一生中，艾伦广泛游历了许多特别的地方，这些地方激发了他的创造性想象力。根据“for particular places”可知，此处是指艾伦广泛游历了许多地方，所以应用副词widely表示“广泛地”作状语。故选E。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：他是一个冒险的探索者，尽管有些地方很不方便或很困难。根据“or difficulty of some of the locations”可知，此处是指有些地方很不方便，所以应用名词inconvenience表示“不方便”作宾语。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：很久以前，他决定放弃在户外创作大型油画的想法，因为这涉及画布、油画颜料和许多其他工具。根据后文“He now travels light, taking only sketchbooks, pens and a few watercolours with him.”(他现在轻装旅行，只带速写本、钢笔和几幅水彩画。)可知，此处是指他决定放弃在户外创作大型油画的想法。所以应用动词abandon表示“放弃”。故选I。
4.虹口区
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. accessible B. criterion C. concentrate D. reduced E. evolved F. explore G. host H. interact I. restorative J. stimulation K. verbalise
Outdoor Play Benefits Kids’ Mental Restoration
Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Our brains ____11____ in natural landscapes, and our perceptual (感知的) systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces.
This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of ____12____, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractable. Supporting this theory, one study found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were better able to ____13____ following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. Being exposed to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. The authors recommended using such “doses (剂量) of nature” as a safe and ____14____ way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
Besides these ____15____ effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences. For example, playing with mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement ____16____, which allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.
Such activities — away from the house or classroom — may also help children to find ways to cope with emotions that may be hard to ____17____ in other environments. So-called “sand tray therapy”, which involves using sand and clay to express one’s thoughts and feelings, is an accepted form of counselling for children who are struggling to ____18____ their emotional state.
When it comes to the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise. A child may find it easier to build up strength and endurance in a large open space resulting in a(n) ____19____ risk of overweight, according to one study led by Elizabeth Gershoff, professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Texas at Austin, US.
The latest findings, however, suggest there could be a(n) ____20____ of other advantages to playing in natural environments — and the secret may be alive in the mud itself.
【答案】11. E 12. J 13. C 14. A 15. I 16. H 17. F 18. K 19. D 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是户外玩耍对孩子心理恢复的好处。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们的大脑在自然景观中进化，我们的感知系统特别适合野外户外空间。由“in natural landscapes, and our perceptual (感知的) systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces”可知，此处表示“我们的大脑在自然景观中进化”，空格处意为“进化”，是evolve，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式。故选E。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：这意味着自然场景提供了完美的刺激水平，这被认为可以帮助大脑在疲劳和容易分心时充电。由上文“our perceptual (感知的) systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces”和下文“which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractable”可知，这意味着自然场景提供了完美的刺激水平，这被认为可以帮助大脑在疲劳和容易分心时充电，空格处意为“刺激”，用名词stimulation作宾语。故选J。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：支持这一理论的一项研究发现，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的儿童在公园散步20分钟后，比在维护良好的城市地区的街道上散步20分钟更能集中注意力。由上文“help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractable”和“children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder”可知，此处表示“患有注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的儿童在公园散步20分钟后，比在维护良好的城市地区的街道上散步20分钟更能集中注意力”。故选C。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：作者建议使用这种“自然剂量”作为一种安全易行的方式来支持患有多动症的儿童，以及其他工具。由上文“Being exposed to grass and trees”可知，让孩子接触草地和树木是一种安全易行的方式，空格处意为“易得到的”，用形容词accessible作定语，修饰名词way。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：除了这些恢复性作用，户外游戏还能提供宝贵的学习经验。由上文“children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were better able to ____3____ following a 20-minute walk in the park”可知，此处表示儿童去公园散步有恢复性的作用，空格处意为“恢复性的”，用形容词restorative作定语，修饰名词effects。故选I。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：例如，玩泥巴或沙子可以帮助孩子发展他们的感官和运动相互作用的方式，这让孩子逐渐理解他或她的身体信号。由下文“which allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals”可知，玩泥巴或沙子可以帮助孩子发展他们的感官和运动相互作用的方式，这让孩子逐渐理解他或她的身体信号，空格处意为“相互作用”，是interact，“their senses and movement __6__”是定语从句，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“their senses and movement”是复数，因此空格处用动词原形。故选H。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些远离房子或教室的活动也可以帮助孩子们找到应对情绪的方法，这些情绪在其他环境中可能很难探索。由下文“So-called “sand tray therapy”, which involves using sand and clay to express one’s thoughts and feelings”可知，句子表示“这些远离房子或教室的活动也可以帮助孩子们找到应对情绪的方法，这些情绪在其他环境中可能很难探索”，空格处意为“探索”，是explore，be hard to do意为“很难做某事”，空格处用动词原形。故选F。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：所谓的“沙盘疗法”，就是用沙子和粘土来表达自己的想法和感受，是一种为难以用语言表达自己情绪状态的儿童提供咨询的公认形式。由上文“So-called “sand tray therapy”, which involves using sand and clay to express one’s thoughts and feelings”可知，所谓的“沙盘疗法”，就是用沙子和粘土来表达自己的想法和感受，是一种为难以用语言表达自己情绪状态的儿童提供咨询的公认形式，空格处意为“用词语表达”，是verbalise，struggle to do是固定短语，意为“尽力做某事”，因此空格处是动词原形。故选K。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校人类发展与家庭科学教授Elizabeth Gershoff领导的一项研究表明，孩子在开阔的空间里更容易锻炼力量和耐力，从而降低超重的风险。由上文“find it easier to build up strength and endurance”可知，孩子在开阔的空间里更容易锻炼力量和耐力，因此会降低超重的风险，空格处意为“降低的”，用形容词reduced作定语，修饰名词risk。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：然而，最新的研究结果表明，在自然环境中玩耍还有很多其他的好处，而秘密可能就在泥土中。由下文“other advantages to playing in natural environments”可知，在自然环境中玩耍还有很多其他的好处，观察选项可知，空格处用host，a host of意为“许多”。故选G。
5.黄浦区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
One Medical
On Thursday, Amazon announced its first major acquisition (收购) under Mr. Jassy’s occupation as C.E.O., spending $3.9 billion for One Medical, a chain of primary care clinics around the country. The deal is a sign of Amazon’s health care ambitions. As the company has ___11___ from one business to another — including books, CDs, electronics, dog food and clothes — it has had to look in less obvious spots to find opportunities that can provide meaningful ___12___.
Health care has been ___13___ to Amazon executives who believe it is an extremely large market, filled with inefficiencies and generally lacking the kind of ___14___ approach that Amazon tries to take with its businesses. “We think health care is high on the list of experiences that need ___15___,” Neil Lindsay, the senior vice president of Amazon Health Services, said in a statement announcing the deal. He also listed some of the ___16___ of modern health care: booking appointments, sitting in waiting rooms, even finding a parking spot.
Amazon wants to be the “front door” through which customers ___17___ health care. That One Medical sees about five times as many virtual visits as ___18___ appointments most likely made it attractive to Amazon. The company also has something Amazon values ___19___: data. One Medical built its own electronic medical records system, and it has 15 years’ worth of medical and health-system data. While individual patient records are generally protected under federal health privacy laws, the big data skill that has ____20____ Amazon’s success can be powerful in health care — for predicting costs, targeting interventions and developing products and treatments.
【答案】11. I 12. F 13. C 14. D 15. J 16. B 17. A 18. H 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚马逊斥巨资收购全国各地的初级保健连锁诊所One Medical一事，该交易表明了亚马逊进军医疗领域的动作。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：亚马逊从一个业务进军到另一个业务，现已覆盖书籍、CD、电子产品、狗粮和衣服等多种产品。为了寻求新的机会，该公司只能把目标投向此前发力较少的领域，让业务线真正实现拓宽。根据句意可知，此处指亚马逊从一个业务进军到另一个业务，应用动词“march进军”，且空前为has，此处为现在完成时has done形式，应填marched，故选I。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：同上。此处意为“实现真正的业务拓展”，应用名词“expansion拓展，扩大”作宾语，故选F。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：医疗一直是亚马逊高管们梦寐以求的一个领域，他们认为，医疗产业拥有庞大的市场，但目前行业内普遍服务效率低下，而且在提供以客户为中心的服务方面也有所欠缺，而这正是亚马逊尝试发力的一点。此处意为“医疗一直都吸引着亚马逊的高管们”，应用动词“appeal吸引”，且此处为现在完成进行时has been doing结构，表示动作的持续发生，应填appealing，故选C。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：同上。此处意为“以顾客为中心的服务”，应用形容词“customer-focused以顾客为中心的”作定语，修饰approach，应填customer-focused，故选D。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：“我认为，医疗是被列在需要改造的清单的顶端，”亚马逊健康服务的高级副总裁Neil Lindsay说道。根据句意可知，此处意为“需要被改造”，应用动词“reinvent重新改造”，且空前为need，固定搭配sth. needs doing“某事需要被做”的结构，应填reinventing，故选J。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：他同样也列出了现在医疗的烦恼：预约、等候室等待，甚至是找停车位的烦恼。此处意为“令人烦恼的事”，应用名词“annoyance烦恼，令人烦恼的人/事”，且后文列举了几件事，应用其复数形式annoyances，故选B。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：亚马逊想要成为顾客接受医疗服务的一个“入口”。此处意为“接触，获得机会”，故应用动词“access接触，进入”，此处customers为主语，为复数，与动词access为主动关系，根据前文的wants可知，此处应用一般现在时，应填access，故选A。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：One Medical的线上就医次数大概是线下的五倍，这很有可能就是她对于亚马逊的吸引力所在。根据句意可知，此处意为“线下的就医”，也就是“亲自的，现场的就医”，应用形容词“in-person亲自的，现场的”作定语，修饰appointments，应填in-person，故选H。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：此外，这家公司还有一样东西是亚马逊极为看重的，那就是数据。根据句子分析可知，此处应用副词“enormously极其，极大程度上地”修饰动词value，应填enormously，故选E。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：尽管单个病人的记录都被联邦健康法所保护着，但是加速亚马逊成功的数据技能在医疗方面是很有影响力的，它可以预测成本，干预目标以及发展产品和治疗。此处意为“加速亚马逊的成功”，应用动词“fuel刺激，加剧”，空前为has，此处为现在完成时has done形式，应填fueled，故选G。
6.嘉定区
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper -word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A stimulated B. anticipation C. empowering D. initiative E. boost F. prohibiting G. cited H. integral I. facilitate J. mirror K. instrumental
Helping Eighth Graders Discover a Wider World of Science
Salina Morales, an eighth-grade student, wants to work with animals when she gets older. She was excited and full of____11____ at the prospect of a class visit to the American Museum of Natural History. Salina is among thousands of eighth graders in New York public schools whose science education will be given a(n) ____12____ by a new partnership between the schools and seven of the city’s science-oriented institutions.
The program, called Urban Advantage, aims to provide professional development and resources to teachers, ____13____ class and individual museum visits, and ultimately help eighth graders complete science projects required for graduation. The Museum of Natural History is leading the ____14____.
“The real push behind this project is the crisis in science education, which is a(n) ____15____ part of a student’s learning and growth,” Ellen V. Futter, the president of the Museum of National History, said. According to a report, 43 percent of American eighth graders do not have a basic understanding of science. Among the most frequently____16____ reasons are the inadequacy of teacher education programs and the lack of teaching resources. Too often, the science class is about memorizing facts and does not____17____ the truly exciting process of using scientific methods and tools to observe and analyze natural phenomena. As a result, too few of our children are ____18____ to pursue study or careers in key scientific fields.
Over the course of three years Urban Advantage will reach the city’s entire eighth-grade population. The City Council was ____19____ in developing Urban Advantage, providing more than $1 million funding. “This is a big deal for New York,” the Councilwoman said. It’s very hard to get a new initiative going, but we made it happen because everyone believed in the importance of____20____ science education.
【答案】11. B 12. E 13. I 14. D 15. H 16. G 17. J 18. A 19. C 20. K
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帮助八年级学生发现更宽的科学世界的一个举措——Urban Advantage。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：她很兴奋，对美国自然历史博物馆的课堂参观充满期待。full of后应接名词作宾语，根据上文“wants to work with animals when she gets older.”可知，Salina非常期待去美国自然历史博物馆，anticipation“期待”符合题意，不可数。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：Salina是纽约公立学校数千名八年级学生中的一员，他们的科学教育将因学校与该市七所以科学为导向的机构之间的新伙伴关系而得到提高。冠词a(n)后接单数名词作give的宾语，根据下文“a new partnership between the schools and seven of the city’s science-oriented institutions.”可知，他们的科学教育将因为学校与其他机构的合作而提高，boost“提高”符合题意，常用单数形式。故选E。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：该项目名为Urban Advantage，旨在为教师提供专业发展和资源，促进班级和个人博物馆参观，最终帮助八年级学生完成毕业所需的科学项目。空处应填省略to的不定式和上文to provide以及下文(to) help并列作aims的宾语，结合句意，此处是促进班级和个人博物馆参观（率），facilitate“促进”符合题意。故选I。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：自然历史博物馆正在领导这一举措。冠词the后接名词作lead的宾语，根据上文“The program, called Urban Advantage”可知，此处指领导该举措，initiative“方案，举措”符合题意，特指上文提到的那个方案，故用其单数形式。且下文“It’s very hard to get a new initiative going”也是提示。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：英国国家历史博物馆的Ellen V. Futter说：“这个项目背后的真正推动力是科学教育的危机，科学教育是学生学习和成长不可或缺的一部分。”空处应填形容词，修饰名词part，结合常识可知，科学教育是学生学习和成长不可或缺的一部分，integral“必需的，不可或缺的”符合题意。故选H。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：其中最常被提及的原因是教师教育项目的不足和教学资源的缺乏。空处应填形容词，修饰名词reasons，结合句意，此处指常常被提到的原因，cited“被提及的”符合题意。故选G。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意通常，科学课是关于记忆事实的，并没有反映使用科学方法和工具观察和分析自然现象的真正令人兴奋的过程。does not后接动词原形，根据“the science class is about memorizing facts”可知，科学课并没有反映使用科学的方法和工具来观察和分析自然现象的正真令人兴奋的过程，mirror“反映”符合题意。故选J。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：因此，我们的孩子中很少有人受到激励，去从事关键科学领域的学习或职业。结合上文科学课只是关于记忆事实，因此很少有学生受到激励而去从事科关键科学邻域的学习或职业，stimulate“激励”符合题意，和主语children是被动关系，故用其过去分词与are构成被动语态。故选A。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：市议会授权发展Urban Advantage，提供了超过100万美元的资金。根据“The City Council”可知，此处是指市议会授权发展Urban Advantage，empower“授权”符合题意，此处用其现在分词和was构成过去进行时。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：启动一个新项目非常困难，但我们做到了，因为每个人都相信有帮助的科学教育的重要性。空处应填形容词修饰名词词组science education，结合上文Urban Advantage的目的是“为教师提供专业发展和资源，促进班级和个人博物馆参观，最终帮助八年级学生完成毕业所需的科学项目”，因此这样的科学课是有帮助的，instrumental“有帮助的”符合题意。故选K。
7.金山区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. abandoned B. challenge C. colored D. demonstrate E. ensures F. initiatives G. innovation H. pilot I. purchased J. recycled K. tailors
Lego: One Step Closer to Being Sustainable
The Lego Group is one step closer to reaching its goal of making all its products from sustainable materials by 2030.
The Danish toymaker revealed a prototype (雏形) brick made from ____11____ plastic. In a news release, Lego said the PET plastic from ____12____ bottles makes up the first brick to meet the company’s “strict quality and safety requirements.” One way the company ____13____ safety is by sourcing materials from suppliers that use processes approved by the US Food & Drug Administration and European Food Safety Authority.
“The biggest ___14___ on our sustainability journey is rethinking and innovating new materials that are as long-lasting, strong and high quality as our existing bricks—and fit with LEGO elements made over the past 60 years,” Lego Group Vice President of Environmental Responsibility Tim Brooks said. “With this prototype we’re able to____15____ the progress we’re making to the public.”
It will be “some time” before bricks made from used materials can be ____16____, Lego said. The company will continue to test and develop the PET formulation (配方) and decide whether to move to the ____17____ production phase, which is expected to take at least a year. One factor the company is testing is how the material can be ____18____.
“Experimentation and failing is an important part of learning and ____19____. Just as kids build, unbuild and rebuild with LEGO bricks at home, we’re doing the same in our lab,” Brooks said.
The move follows last year’s announcement that the company was making a $400 million investment over three years into sustainability ____20____ It included phasing out the single-use plastic bags from its boxes and instead using recyclable paper for its packaging.
【答案】11. J 12. A 13. E 14. B 15. D 16. I 17. H 18. C 19. G 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了乐高目前在可持续材料制造上获得的成就和未来的计划。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这家丹麦玩具制造商展示了一款由回收塑料制成的积木原型。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修饰空后的plastic，此处表达是“可回收塑料制造”之意，recycled“回收利用的”符合题意。故选J项。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：乐高在一份新闻稿中表示，来自废弃瓶子的PET塑料构成了满足该公司“严格的质量和安全要求”的第一块砖。分析句子结构可知，此处需要形容词做定语，修饰空后的bottles，abandoned“被遗弃的”符合题意。故选A项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司确保安全的一种方法是，从使用美国食品药品管理局(Food & Drug Administration)和欧洲食品安全局(European Food safety Authority)批准工艺的供应商那里采购材料。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，从句中缺少谓语，应填动词，ensure“保证”为动词符合题意，主语是the company为第三人称单数，描述的是一般的状态，应该用一般现在时，应填ensures。故选E项。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：乐高集团负责环境责任的副总裁蒂姆·布鲁克斯说:“我们在可持续发展之旅中面临的最大挑战是重新思考和创新新材料，这些材料要像我们现有的砖一样持久、坚固和高质量，并且与过去60年生产的乐高元素相适应。”。分析句子结构可知，空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词，challenge“挑战”符合题意。故选B项
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：通过这个原型，我们能够向公众展示我们正在取得的进展。分析句子结构可知，空前的to是不定式标志，空处应填动词原形，demonstrate“演示”符合题意。故选D项。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：乐高表示，购买二手材料制成的积木还需要“一段时间”。分析句子结构可知，此处是before引导的状语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以应填动词purchase“购买”符合题意，又从句主语是bricks与purchase之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处填purchased。故选I项。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：该公司将继续测试和开发PET配方，并决定是否进入试生产阶段，预计至少需要一年时间。分析句子结构可知，空气是冠词the，空后是名词production，所以空处应填形容词做的定语，pilot“试验性的”符合题意。故选H项。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司正在测试的一个因素是这种材料如何着色。分析句子结构可知，此处是后文引导的表语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，应填动词，color“着色”为动词符合题意，从句主语是material与color之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，空前已有be动词，所以空处填colored。故选C项。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：实验和失败是学习和创新的重要组成部分。分析句子结构可知，根据空前and，空处应和learning并列，应填名词，innovation“创造”为不可数名词，符合题意。故选G项。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：去年，该公司宣布将在三年内投资4亿美元用于可持续发展计划。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：sustainability initiatives意为“可持续发展计划”。故选F项。
8.静安区
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. favor B. contained C. unseasonable D. consistency E. shifts F. upset G. contradictory H. air I. torn J. loosely K. stretched
The party may actually be the last stronghold of the dress code, a tradition that is increasingly falling out of ____11____ everywhere, from the workplace to the school. As the power of choice ____12____ away from the institution and toward the individual, the idea of any establishment deciding what is and is not appropriate dress, when dress is so deeply mixed with personal identity, seems increasingly ____13____.
So why do so many hosts think a dress code is a good idea
On the one hand, it does help reduce guests’ confusion and insecurity about what to wear to a special event. And it can help give a party a festive ____14____. There’s something very fun about fancy dresses of a theme. Also, if there are photos involved, a certain ____15____ in dress can create a clear visual effect for the photos.
On the other hand, if the dress code is too unspecific, it only adds to the general what-to-wear confusion, with “dress to impress” being a case in point. Sometimes it involves dresses that seem ____16____ to an individual’s sense of style. Either way, you will feel ____17____ between pleasing your host and pleasing yourself.
When I asked the designer Ulla Johnson about the issue, she admitted that she demanded a dress code at her wedding: everyone in white. But she also said she wasn’t ____18____ at all when some guests asked to be an exception to the rule.
“At this point, I would say dress codes can be ____19____ interpreted,” she said. “Putting on something you don’t love because it obeys a code should be off the table.”
In other words, a party dress code is not the same as a school uniform. It can be _____20_____ to fit each individual. Honey Dijon, the D.J. and musician, likewise believes that open interpretations of dress codes are generally expected, though she has her own solution to the dress code issue.
“Choose something that is related to the theme, such as a shoe or a bag,” she said. “That way, the host is satisfied and you still feel confident.”
【答案】11. A 12. E 13. C 14. H 15. D 16. G 17. I 18. F 19. J 20. K
【解析】
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要阐述作者对着装要求的看法。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：派对实际上可能是着装规范的最后堡垒，这一传统在从工作场所到学校的各个地方都越来越不受欢迎。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作宾语，favor“喜欢，欢心”，是名词，符合句意。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：随着选择权从机构转移到个人，当着装与个人身份如此紧密地交织在一起时，任何机构都会决定什么是合适的，什么是不合适的着装，这种想法似乎越来越不合理分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词，作谓语，这句话描述的是现在的事实，所以谓语用一般现在时，主语是the power of choice，谓语用第三人称单数形式，shifts“转换”，是动词的第三人称单数形式，符合句意。故选E。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：见第2题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作表语，unseasonable“不合情理的，不合时宜的”，是形容词，符合句意。故选C。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：而且它可以让派对有节日气氛。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作宾语，air“气氛”，是名词，符合句意。故选H。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，如果要照相，一定的着装一致性可以为照片创造清晰的视觉效果。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作主语，consistency“一致性”，是名词，符合句意。故选D。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有时，这涉及到与个人的时尚感相矛盾的服装。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作表语，contradictory“矛盾的”，是形容词，符合句意。故选G。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：不管怎样，你都会在取悦主人和取悦自己之间感到痛苦。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作表语，torn“犹豫的，举棋不定的”，是形容词，符合句意。故选I。
18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但她也表示，当一些客人要求成为这项规定的例外时，她一点也不难过。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作表语，upset“不高兴的”，是形容词，符合句意。故选F。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：在这一点上，我认为着装规范可以被宽松地解释。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，作状语，loosely“宽松地”，是副词，符合句意。故选J。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它可以拉伸以适合每个人。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词stretch和主语It是动宾关系，所以这里需要动词的过去分词形式，作表语，stretched“被延伸”，是动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选K。
9.闵行区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. objects B. cease C. removed D. substitutions E. justified F. engaging G. responsible H. present I. companions J. employ K. exposing
Smart Toys that Spy on Kids
Americans are becoming more and more alert of the ways their personal information is being collected on the Internet. A recent national survey found that 72% of respondents are not sure whether Facebook is using the data it collected on them in a(n) ____31____ way. And 70% of respondents said they believed their smartphones are being monitored in ways they haven’t agreed to. That doubt is ____32____. Concerns about personal privacy are on the rise all the time.
But adult gift-givers may not realize that some children’s toys are collecting personal data, too. Toys with cameras, mobile apps, and requirements to set up online accounts that store data about the toy and its user all ____33____ privacy concerns.
Toys that ____34____ Bluetooth connections, for example, could be sensitive to being hacked from outside the home, perhaps ____35____ the child to inappropriate content or gathering sensitive info. The famous car race Mario Kart Live Home Circuit installs a camera that uploads images of the room in order to create virtual racetrack. But these images of the room’s layout(布局) and the ____36____ in it could be exposed if the game’s website were ever hacked.
Most toy manufacturers are trying to build in protections. And the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act provides another layer of defense by requiring parents to be involved in setting up the toy and giving adults the right to have their children’s online data ___37___.
The worldwide market for smart toys is expected to reach almost $70 billion in the next five years. These toys can be wonderfully ____38____ and even educational, such as an interactive globe that speaks to children about a country as they touch it on the map. Action figures, robots, or dolls that talk back and hold conversations can become smart ____39____. Yet, in an environment where so much information can be collected through interaction with devices, children _____40_____ to be mere “players” or “consumers”. They become “data subjects” that disclose information or “personal data” about themselves, both consciously and unconsciously.
【答案】31. G 32. E 33. H 34. J 35. K 36. A 37. C 38. F 39. I 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了人们对于信息泄露的担忧，从一般的通讯媒体过渡到孩子的智能玩具。在这样一个可以通过与设备互动收集如此多信息的环境中，儿童不再仅仅是“玩家”或“消费者”，而成为数据主体。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：最近的一项全国性调查发现，72%的受访者不确定Facebook是否以负责任的方式使用收集到的数据。分析可知，所填空应是形容词作定语，修饰空后名词“way”。结合后文“Concerns about personal privacy are on the rise all the time.(人们对个人隐私的关注一直在上升。)”可推知，受访者应是对Facebook在使用个人数据方面的负责任性方面有所怀疑。G项“responsible”，形容词，意为“可靠的，负责任的”，符合句意分析。故选G项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这种怀疑是有道理的。分析可知，所填空应是形容词作表语。根据前文“And 70% of respondents said they believed their smartphones are being monitored in ways they haven’t agreed to.(70%的受访者表示，他们认为自己的智能手机正以自己不同意的方式受到监控。)”可知，人们怀疑智能手机监控，同时结合常识可知，这种怀疑是合理的。E项“justified”，形容词，意为“有正当理由的，合乎情理”，符合句意分析。故选E项。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：带有摄像头、移动应用程序的玩具，以及要求建立在线账户来存储玩具及其用户的数据，这些都带来隐私问题。分析可知，所填空应是动词，在句中作谓语。主语“Toys with cameras, mobile apps, and requirements to set up online accounts that store data about the toy and its user(带有摄像头、移动应用程序的玩具，以及要求建立在线账户来存储玩具及其用户的数据)”带来了隐私方面的担忧。H项“present”作动词时可意为“带来”含义，符合句意分析。故选H项。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：例如，使用蓝牙连接的玩具可能很容易受到来自室外的黑客攻击，可能会让孩子接触到不适当的内容或收集敏感信息。分析可知，所填空为从句的谓语动词，关系词“that”的先行词为“Toys”，因此可推知，“Bluetooth connections”是这种玩具使用的功能。所选动词应是“使用，应用”含义，J项“employ”，动词，意为“使用，利用”，符合句意。故选J项。
【35题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，使用蓝牙连接的玩具可能很容易受到来自室外的黑客攻击，可能会让孩子接触到不适当的内容或收集敏感信息。分析可知，“__5 __ the child to inappropriate content or gathering sensitive info”为结果状语，因此，所填空应是非谓语动词，且与主语之间为主动关系，应是现在分词。结合后文“to”，应是K项“exposing”，意为“使暴露于，使接触”，“expose sb. to sth”，“使某人接触某物”。故选K项。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：但如果游戏网站遭到黑客攻击，这些房间布局和其中物品的图像就会暴露出来。分析可知，“the”为定冠词，所填空应是名词。分析语境可知，“it”应是指代“the room”，前文“these images of the room’s layout(这些是房间布局的图片)”提及了房间的布局图片，因此，这里应是指房间内的物品。A项“objects”，名词复数，意为“物体，实物”，符合句意分析。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：《儿童在线隐私保护法》提供了另一层防御，要求父母参与设置玩具，并赋予成年人删除孩子在线数据的权利。分析可知，“have sth done”，“使某物被……”，所填空应是过去分词。结合前文“Most toy manufacturers are trying to build in protections.(大多数玩具制造商都在试图建立保护机制。)”可知，保护机制应是可以将玩具内的个人信息数据删除。C项“removed”，动词过去分词形式，意为“移除，删除”，符合句意分析。故选C项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些玩具可以非常吸引人，甚至具有教育意义，比如一个交互式地球仪，当孩子们在地图上触摸一个国家时，它就会向孩子们讲述这个国家。分析可知，所填空应是形容词作表语。结合主语“These toys”意为“这些玩具”可推知，玩具是有趣的，吸引人的。选项F“engaging”，形容词，意为“有趣的，令人愉快的，迷人的”，符合句意分析。故选F项。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：会顶嘴和进行对话的动作人物、机器人或玩偶可以成为聪明的伴侣。分析可知，“smart”为形容词，作定语修饰名词，所填空为名词。结合主语“dolls”意为“玩偶”可推知，玩偶对于孩子来说是一种陪伴或同伴。选项I“companions”，名词复数，意为“同伴，陪伴”，符合句意分析。故选I项。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：然而，在一个可以通过与设备互动收集如此多信息的环境中，儿童不再仅仅是“玩家”或“消费者”。分析可知，所填空为动词，作谓语。根据后文“They become “data subjects” that disclose information or “personal data” about themselves, both consciously and unconsciously.(他们成为“数据主体”，有意无意地公开自己的信息或“个人数据”。)”可知，孩子不再是单纯的玩家玩耍者或消费者，而成了玩具收集个人数据的数据主体，因此，这里应是动词“停止”，即，选项B“cease(停止，不再做)”。故选B项。
10.普陀区
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. generated B. mechanically C. partnership D. reforming E. powered F. efficiency G. growing H. greatly I. sustainable J. revolutionize K. emissions
The Inevitable Plastics Revolution
The Guardian once called plastic “Man’s worst invention”. One of the lesser-known uses of plastic is to reduce carbon emissions. For example, plastics make vehicles lighter thereby increasing their ___11___; it also increases the shelf life of foods, reducing food waste and the need to transport more. So plastics have an important role to play in creating a ___12___ future.
Currently that isn’t the case. Of the 24.5 million tons of plastic waste ___13___ in Europe each year, only 14 per cent is recycled. The rest is burned, buried or lost on land or at sea. Indeed, the European plastics industry emits 95 million tons of CO2 each year, about 3.7 per cent of total ___14___. One-third of this comes from the burning of waste plastics.
That has to change, says Marc, one of the world’s leading chemicals and plastics manufacturers. “With a ___15___ population, we need to find a way to make better use of our resources.” In ___16___ with the recycling technology company, Mura Technology, it wants to ___17___ the plastics economy by dramatically increasing the amount of plastic that is recycled while also reducing carbon emissions. The approach will change the way we make plastic.
Today most plastic is made from petrochemicals, using processes ___18___ by fossil fuels. While a great deal is thrown away, a large proportion of plastics waste can be collected and sent to be ____19____ recycled. This involves washing, drying and grinding the material, then heating and ___20___ it into a new product. But at no stage is the chemical structure of the plastic changed. In order to reduce pollution, the plastics manufacturing sector needs technological innovation.
【答案】11. F 12. I 13. A 14. K 15. G 16. C 17. J 18. E 19. H 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了塑料的重要作用以及塑料导致的污染问题。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：例如，塑料使车辆更轻，从而提高了效率；它还增加了食品的保质期，减少了食品浪费和运输的需求。作宾语，结合句意表示“效率”应用名词efficiency，不可数。故填efficiency。故选F。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：因此，塑料在创造可持续未来方面发挥着重要作用。修饰后文名词future应用形容词sustainable，作定语。故填sustainable。故选I。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：在欧洲每年产生的2450万吨塑料垃圾中，只有14%被回收。其余的则被焚烧、掩埋或丢在陆地或海上。结合句意表示“产生”应用动词generate，此处用过去分词作后置定语，修饰plastic waste，故填generated。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：事实上，欧洲塑料行业每年排放9500万吨二氧化碳，约占总排放量的3.7%。根据句意“排放”可知应填名词emissions，作介词of的宾语，故填emissions。故选K。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：随着人口的增长，我们需要找到一种方法来更好地利用我们的资源。修饰后文名词population，结合句意表示“增长”应用形容词growing，作定语。故填growing。故选G。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：该公司与回收技术公司Mura technology合作，希望通过大幅增加塑料的回收量，同时减少碳排放，从而彻底改变塑料经济。根据后文“with the recycling technology company, Mura Technology”以及句意“合作”可知应填名词partnership，作宾语。故填partnership。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：该公司与回收技术公司Mura technology合作，希望通过大幅增加塑料的回收量，同时减少碳排放，从而彻底改变塑料经济。根据后文“the plastics economy by dramatically increasing the amount of plastic”以及句意“改革”可知应填动词revolutionize，且上文为短语want to do sth.。故填revolutionize。故选J。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：如今，大多数塑料都是由石油化工产品制成的，使用的过程由化石燃料提供动力。结合句意表示“提供动力”可知应填powered，过去分词作后置定语。故填powered。故选E。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：虽然有很多塑料垃圾被扔掉，但有很大一部分塑料垃圾可以被收集起来，并被大量回收。修饰后文动词recycled应用副词greatly，作状语。故填greatly。故选H。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：这包括清洗、干燥和研磨材料，然后加热并将其转化为新产品。结合句意表示“转化”可知应填reforming。故填reforming，动名词作involve的宾语，故选D。
11.青浦区
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. motivate B. accidentally C. highlighting D. plantations E. engaging F. apparent G. purpose H. sensitive I. increasingly J. decent K. treat
Ball- Rolling Bumble Bees Just Wanna Have Fun
Playtime isn’ t just for children. Lab- kept bumble bees roll small wooden balls around for no
____11____ purpose other than fun, a new study reveals. It supports evidence that bees experience pleasure,____12____ the importance of protecting them in the wild and treating them well in their natural habitats.
“It is super cool,” says Elizabeth Tibbetts, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Michigan. “We usually think about insects as being so different that they lack complex behaviors.” But not everyone is convinced the behavior is in fact play.
Lars Chittka, a behavioral ecologist at Queen Mary University of London, and his colleagues____13____ came across the new evidence. The team was studying how bumble bees learn complex behaviors from their comrades by training the insects to move wooden balls to specific locations. If a bee moved a ball to the right place, it got a sugary ____14____. The researchers noticed that some bees moved the balls even when no reward was offered. They just seemed to like going back to them and playing around with them and rolling them all over the place. The careful design of the experiments has convinced him the bees are indeed ____15____ in play.
Because play implies a capacity to experience emotions, documenting it in insects could have____16____ implications. Insects are ____17____ being raised for animal feed, and there are no regulations governing their welfare. Honey bees are also known to become stressed and more ____18____ to disease and bee communities collapse when industrialized beekeepers transport them long distances on trucks to ____19____ and vast fields without diverse flowers nearby, Chittka says. The researchers hope their findings might also _____20_____ greater fellow feeling for — and protection of — wild insects.
【答案】11. F 12. C 13. B 14. K 15. E 16. J 17. I 18. H 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了滚球大黄蜂只想玩得开心。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一项新的研究表明，实验室饲养的大黄蜂除了好玩外，并没有其他明显的目的。根据后文other than fun和句意，此处表达“明显的”，形容词作前置定语，F. apparent符合题意。故选F。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它支持了蜜蜂体验快乐的证据，突出了在野外保护它们并在自然栖息地善待它们的重要性。根据后文 importance，可知此处应该表达“突出”，现在分词作状语， C. highlighting符合题意。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：伦敦玛丽女王大学的行为生态学家拉尔斯·奇特卡和他的同事偶然发现了新的证据。根据后文came across，可知此处表达“意外地”，副词修饰动词短语作状语，B. accidentally符合题意。故选B。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果蜜蜂把球移到正确的位置，它就会得到一份甜蜜的奖赏。根据后文when no reward was offered，可知此处表达“奖赏”，名词作宾语， K. treat符合题意。故选K。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：实验的精心设计使他确信蜜蜂确实在玩耍。根据句子结构，be engaging in正在从事某事，E. engaging符合题意。故选E。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：因为游戏意味着一种体验情感的能力，所以用昆虫来记录它可能会有很好的影响。根据前文Because play implies a capacity to experience emotions，可知此处表达“很好的”，形容词作前置定语，J. decent符合题意。故选J。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：昆虫正在不断增加地用动物饲料饲养，而且没有管理它们福利的法规。根据后文being raised，可知此处表达“不断增加地”，副词修饰动词作状语，I. increasingly符合题意。故选I。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：奇特卡说，众所周知，当工业化养蜂人用卡车将蜜蜂长途运送到种植园和附近没有各种花卉的广阔田野时，蜜蜂会变得压力重重，对疾病和蜜蜂群落崩溃更为敏感。根据前文become stressed ，可知推断此处表达“敏感的”，H. sensitive符合题意。故选H。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：奇特卡说，众所周知，当工业化养蜂人用卡车将蜜蜂长途运送到种植园和附近没有各种花卉的广阔田野时，蜜蜂会变得压力重重，对疾病和蜜蜂群落崩溃更为敏感。根据后文vast fields，可知此处表达“种植园”， D. plantations符合题意。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：研究人员希望，他们的发现也能激发更多的同伴对野生昆虫的喜爱和保护。根据后文greater fellow feeling for，可知此处表达“激发”，情态动词接动词原形，A. motivate符合题意。故选A。
12.松江区
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. dismissed B. faintly C. foreign D. granted E. journeyed F. mysterious G. overlook H. promise I reflection J. typically K. version
The Charm of Daffodils
On April 15, 1802, the poet William Wordsworth and his sister were enjoying a spring walk through the hills when they came across a field of daffodils (水仙花). William decided there was nothing for it but to write a poem, which he published in its final ___31___ in 1815. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud is, to some people, the most famous ___32___ on the power of nature —
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
Long ___33___ as a common field flower, unworthy of serious attention by the artist, poet or gardener, the daffodil enjoyed a revival thanks in part to Wordsworth’s poem. Today, it’s easy to ____34____ the daffodil for we can find it almost everywhere, in gardens or in art.
The daffodil originated in the ancient Mediterranean, where people associated them with the idea of death and life. Its scientific name comes from the story of Narcissus, a handsome youth falling in love with his own image. The gods ___35___ him immortality (永生) as a daffodil to save him from death. But it isn’t only Mediterranean cultures that have concentrated on the daffodil’s ___36___ power of life and death. A variety of the daffodils ___37___ along the Silk Road to China. There, the flower appeared to express not only the happy ___38___ of spring, but also other painful emotions such as loss.
The English botanist John Parkinson introduced the traditional yellow variety from Spain in 1618. Aided by a wet but temperate climate, daffodils quickly spread across lawns and fields, causing its ___39___ origins to be forgotten. By the 19th century they had become ___40___ British — so much that traders planted bucketfuls of bulbs wherever they went.
【答案】31. K 32. I 33. A 34. G 35. D 36. F 37. E 38. H 39. C 40. J
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述水仙花由于诗人威廉·华兹华斯而遍布于英国。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：威廉决定，除了写诗，别无选择，他于1815年出版了这首诗的最终版本。分析句子可知，形容词final后面应填名词，version表“版本”，为名词，在本句中作介词后宾语，符合句意。故选K项。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：对某些人来说，《我孤独地漫游》是对大自然力量最著名的表达。分析句子可知，形容词famous后面应填名词，reflection表“表达”，为名词，在本句中作表语，符合句意。故选I项。
【33题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：长久以来，水仙花一直被视为一种普通的野花，不值得艺术家、诗人或园丁认真关注，但由于华兹华斯的诗歌，水仙花得以复兴。分析句子可知，此空应填分词作状语， dismiss表“不予考虑”，为动词，这里应用过去分词形式dismissed表被动，作状语。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查不定式。句意：今天，我们很容易忽视水仙花，因为无论在花园还是在艺术中，我们几乎随处可见它们。分析句子可知，此空应填动词原形，与前面to构成不定式，作逻辑主语。 overlook表“忽略”，为动词，符合句意。故选G项。
【35题详解】
考查时态。句意：众神赐予他长生不老的水仙，以使他免于死亡。分析句子可知，此空应填动词作本句谓语，grant表“授予”，为动词，这里应用一般过去时granted，符合句意。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但不仅仅是地中海文化集中于水仙花神秘的生与死的力量。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语修饰后面名词power，mysterious 表“神秘的”，为形容词，在本句中作定语，符合句意。故选F项。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：各种各样的水仙花沿着丝绸之路来到中国。分析句子可知，此空应填动词作谓语，且时态与后文保持一致用一般过去时，journey表“旅行”，为动词，这里应用一般过去时journeyed，符合句意。故选E项。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：在那里，这朵花似乎不仅表达了春天的快乐承诺，还表达了其他痛苦的情绪，如失落。分析句子可知，形容词happy后应填名词，promise表“承诺”，为名词，在本句中作宾语。故选H项。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在潮湿但温和的气候的帮助下，水仙花迅速蔓延到草坪和田野，导致人们忘记了它的外来起源。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词修饰后面名词origins，foreign表“外来的”，为形容词，在本句中作定语，符合句意。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查副词。句意：到了19世纪，它们已经成为典型的英国的花，以至于商人无论走到哪里都会种植成桶的球茎。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语修饰后面形容词British， typically表“典型地”，为副词，在本句中作状语，符合句意。故选J项。
13.徐汇区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. approaches B. demonstrates C. memorial D. analytics E. assumption H. complicate I clarity J. promotional F. remove G. insights K. tendency
The magic numbers
This is the age of the data scientist.
Employers of all kinds prize people with the skills to obtain and analyze enormous amounts of information, to spot patterns in the data and to turn them into useful ____11____. But some of the most valuable figures in business need neither a(n) ____12____ team nor knowledge of Python. They are simple to remember and useful in every organization:
Zero: Doing nothing can be the most valuable thing a manager can do, as the story of Atwood’s duck ____13____. It was well known that the higher-ups had to make a change to everything that was done. The ____14____ was that subconsciously they felt that if they didn’t, they weren’t adding value. The artist working on the queen animations for Battle Chess was aware of this ____15____, and came up with an innovative solution. He did the animations for the queen the way that he felt would be best, with one addition: he gave the queen a pet duck. Eventually, it came time for the higher-ups to review the animation set for the queen. Sure enough, they asked the programmer to do only one thing: ____16____ the bird.
One: This is the number of bosses people should have. In reality, matrix (矩阵) structures and team-based ____17____ mean that team members report to multiple leaders. This can have benefits, but ____18____ is not one of them. The Gallup poll showed that those who work in a matrix are less likely to know what is expected of them, and more likely to spend their day in endless internal meetings. While the intention of the matrix is to benefit teams, it may ____19____ projects and muddy the overall process.
Three: Good marketing follows certain universal truths. In a paper published in 2013, two academics tested whether there was a perfect number of claims that marketers should make for their products and services in _____20_____ messages. They found that making three clai中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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-2023年上海十六区高三英语一模汇编
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1.宝山区
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. disturbing B. resources C. altered D. effective E. recorded F. permanently G. specially H. machines I. signified J. accurately K. impossible
When an endangered seabird hits a power line, it makes a sound “very much like the laser sound from Star Wars,” says conservation biologist Marc Travers. He should know, as his team from the Endangered Seabird Recovery Project ___11___ thousands of hours of audio to determine if power lines affected local seabirds. Travers was trying to help establish how frequently birds are killed by power lines on the island of Kauai in Hawaii in 2011.
His team recorded 600 hours of audio and sent the recordings to Conservation Metrics, a company that assists conservation efforts with AI ___12___. Conservation Metrics used a program to “listen” to the recordings and count the sounds that ___13___ bird electrocutions(电击). The result was ___14___, as the number of bird electrocutions was in the thousands. Armed with proof that power lines were killing a significant number of birds, the team worked with the local utility (公共事业) service to reduce bird deaths.
In science fiction stories such as The Matrix, AI-powered ___15___ take over the world and end life on the planet as we know it. But in reality, programs that use AI to sort through mountains of data might just save some species from disappearing ___16___.
By many measures, humans have been poor managers of the planet. Humans have ___17___ as much as 97 percent of land ecosystems. Key populations of monitored animals have declined as much as 68 percent since 1970. The decline in biodiversity around the world has created a hopeless situation. Conservation efforts lack key resources they need to be ___18___.
Fortunately, humans now have AI-based tools that can help. AI can quickly and ___19___ sort through large amounts of data created by observations in the field. Then other programs such as PAWS (Protection Assistant for Wildlife Security) can help analyze the data and suggest the most effective ways to focus conservation efforts.
In large national parks and wildlife reserves, illegal hunters are a danger for animals both big and small. Some animals are worth a lot of money on the black market. Park rangers are left with a(n) ____20____ task because there is too much land to cover. But the PAWS program allows rangers to focus their efforts. PAWS has even predicted the existence of trap lines in areas not yet checked by rangers!
We still face many challenges to change the loss of wildlife, but AI-powered programs promise to be a powerful conservation tool.
2.崇明区
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. battle B. built-in C. candidate D. carbon-free E. commercial F. contained
G. costly H. demonstrated I. footprint J. financed K. growing
Several Carmakers Push Plans to Offer Hydrogen-powered Vehicles
Several big automakers recently announced plans to keep investing in hydrogen vehicle technology. The plans come even as many industry experts believe the technology faces a major uphill ____31____ to compete against battery-powered electric cars.
Hydrogen-powered cars are also known as fuel cell electric vehicles, or FCEVs. With these vehicles, fuel cells convert (转化) hydrogen gas into electricity. This differs from electric vehicles, or EVs, which get their power from a ____32____ battery.
Last month, the chief of Japan’s Toyota Motors, Akio Toyoda, attended a race that ____33____ an experimental hydrogen vehicle. The vehicle ____34____ a traditional gasoline-powered engine that had been converted to run on hydrogen.
Toyoda told reporters at the event such conversions could keep traditional internal combustion engines (内燃机) running in a ____35____ world. This, he said, could avoid the need to completely leave behind internal combustion and save millions of auto industry jobs.
In Germany, BMW and Volkswagen Group are both developing hydrogen-powered passenger vehicles along with a series of new EVs. BMW said last month it has developed a hydrogen prototype (原型) based on its X5 model in a project partly ____36____ by the German government.
Officials at South Korean automaker Hyundai have also spoken about the importance of continuing to explore hydrogen-based vehicles along with developing EVs. The company currently sells a passenger fuel cell vehicle called the NEXO. And Hyundai announced it plans to offer hydrogen fuel cell versions for all its ____37____ vehicles by 2028.
In fuel cell technology, hydrogen combines with oxygen to produce electrical power. It is considered clean energy because the process only releases water and steam into the atmosphere. This makes the technology a good ____38____ for helping the world reduce its carbon emissions.
Currently, however, most of the hydrogen produced worldwide is made using natural gas or coal — both of which cause pollution. Supporters of the technology expect that to change over time. They say the ____39____ use of electricity from wind and solar energy will be able to separate hydrogen and oxygen in water. Those production methods, however, are more ____40____.
3.奉贤区
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. lonely B. convey C. touches D. inconvenience E. widely F. accompanying G. composition H. captures I. abandon J. sensory K. wearing
An Innovative Painter
Alan is a pioneering painter, working with oil paint on canvas in a traditional way. It is only in his use of paint that he differs from the usual practice of using brushes.
Although he does use a brush to draw the main lines of his ____11____, he uses painting knives to apply the paint. Early on he found that paint laid on with painting knives gave him the particular body and texture (质地) he wanted to ____12____ his subjects. The knife is capable of an enormous variety of marks, from delicate ____13____ to fierce sweeping and slices of paint. The knife’s sharp edged marks create their own dynamic of light and shade. Alan possesses many painting knives of different sizes, but tends to favour three or four, which are now ____14____thin with constant use. He is still discovering new possibilities with the knife, driven by the demands of a new subject. Although Alan’s paintings are made in the studio, they are all composed from drawings made outdoors. These drawings are the seed corn on which all his paintings are based. The marks that go down on paper make sure he ____15____not just the actual scene but also the changing light, the direction of the wind and the ____16____ sounds and smells. For the painter, the whole ____17____ experience remains fixed within the drawing long after he has left the scene.
Throughout his life Alan has travelled ____18____for particular places that fuel his creative imagination. He is an adventurous seeker, regardless of the ____19____ or difficulty of some of the locations. Long ago he decided to ____20____the idea of working on large oil paintings out of doors because it involved canvases, oil paints and many other tools around. He now travels light, taking only sketchbooks, pens and a few watercolours with him. This gives him the freedom to draw anywhere and to catch the fleeting moment — the “here-and-now-ness” of the place.
4.虹口区
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. accessible B. criterion C. concentrate D. reduced E. evolved F. explore G. host H. interact I. restorative J. stimulation K. verbalise
Outdoor Play Benefits Kids’ Mental Restoration
Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Our brains ____11____ in natural landscapes, and our perceptual (感知的) systems are particularly well suited to wild outdoor spaces.
This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of ____12____, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractable. Supporting this theory, one study found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were better able to ____13____ following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. Being exposed to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. The authors recommended using such “doses (剂量) of nature” as a safe and ____14____ way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
Besides these ____15____ effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences. For example, playing with mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement ____16____, which allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.
Such activities — away from the house or classroom — may also help children to find ways to cope with emotions that may be hard to ____17____ in other environments. So-called “sand tray therapy”, which involves using sand and clay to express one’s thoughts and feelings, is an accepted form of counselling for children who are struggling to ____18____ their emotional state.
When it comes to the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise. A child may find it easier to build up strength and endurance in a large open space resulting in a(n) ____19____ risk of overweight, according to one study led by Elizabeth Gershoff, professor of human development and family sciences at the University of Texas at Austin, US.
The latest findings, however, suggest there could be a(n) ____20____ of other advantages to playing in natural environments — and the secret may be alive in the mud itself.
5.黄浦区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
One Medical
On Thursday, Amazon announced its first major acquisition (收购) under Mr. Jassy’s occupation as C.E.O., spending $3.9 billion for One Medical, a chain of primary care clinics around the country. The deal is a sign of Amazon’s health care ambitions. As the company has ___11___ from one business to another — including books, CDs, electronics, dog food and clothes — it has had to look in less obvious spots to find opportunities that can provide meaningful ___12___.
Health care has been ___13___ to Amazon executives who believe it is an extremely large market, filled with inefficiencies and generally lacking the kind of ___14___ approach that Amazon tries to take with its businesses. “We think health care is high on the list of experiences that need ___15___,” Neil Lindsay, the senior vice president of Amazon Health Services, said in a statement announcing the deal. He also listed some of the ___16___ of modern health care: booking appointments, sitting in waiting rooms, even finding a parking spot.
Amazon wants to be the “front door” through which customers ___17___ health care. That One Medical sees about five times as many virtual visits as ___18___ appointments most likely made it attractive to Amazon. The company also has something Amazon values ___19___: data. One Medical built its own electronic medical records system, and it has 15 years’ worth of medical and health-system data. While individual patient records are generally protected under federal health privacy laws, the big data skill that has ____20____ Amazon’s success can be powerful in health care — for predicting costs, targeting interventions and developing products and treatments.
6.嘉定区
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper -word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A stimulated B. anticipation C. empowering D. initiative E. boost F. prohibiting G. cited H. integral I. facilitate J. mirror K. instrumental
Helping Eighth Graders Discover a Wider World of Science
Salina Morales, an eighth-grade student, wants to work with animals when she gets older. She was excited and full of____11____ at the prospect of a class visit to the American Museum of Natural History. Salina is among thousands of eighth graders in New York public schools whose science education will be given a(n) ____12____ by a new partnership between the schools and seven of the city’s science-oriented institutions.
The program, called Urban Advantage, aims to provide professional development and resources to teachers, ____13____ class and individual museum visits, and ultimately help eighth graders complete science projects required for graduation. The Museum of Natural History is leading the ____14____.
“The real push behind this project is the crisis in science education, which is a(n) ____15____ part of a student’s learning and growth,” Ellen V. Futter, the president of the Museum of National History, said. According to a report, 43 percent of American eighth graders do not have a basic understanding of science. Among the most frequently____16____ reasons are the inadequacy of teacher education programs and the lack of teaching resources. Too often, the science class is about memorizing facts and does not____17____ the truly exciting process of using scientific methods and tools to observe and analyze natural phenomena. As a result, too few of our children are ____18____ to pursue study or careers in key scientific fields.
Over the course of three years Urban Advantage will reach the city’s entire eighth-grade population. The City Council was ____19____ in developing Urban Advantage, providing more than $1 million funding. “This is a big deal for New York,” the Councilwoman said. It’s very hard to get a new initiative going, but we made it happen because everyone believed in the importance of____20____ science education.
7.金山区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. abandoned B. challenge C. colored D. demonstrate E. ensures F. initiatives G. innovation H. pilot I. purchased J. recycled K. tailors
Lego: One Step Closer to Being Sustainable
The Lego Group is one step closer to reaching its goal of making all its products from sustainable materials by 2030.
The Danish toymaker revealed a prototype (雏形) brick made from ____11____ plastic. In a news release, Lego said the PET plastic from ____12____ bottles makes up the first brick to meet the company’s “strict quality and safety requirements.” One way the company ____13____ safety is by sourcing materials from suppliers that use processes approved by the US Food & Drug Administration and European Food Safety Authority.
“The biggest ___14___ on our sustainability journey is rethinking and innovating new materials that are as long-lasting, strong and high quality as our existing bricks—and fit with LEGO elements made over the past 60 years,” Lego Group Vice President of Environmental Responsibility Tim Brooks said. “With this prototype we’re able to____15____ the progress we’re making to the public.”
It will be “some time” before bricks made from used materials can be ____16____, Lego said. The company will continue to test and develop the PET formulation (配方) and decide whether to move to the ____17____ production phase, which is expected to take at least a year. One factor the company is testing is how the material can be ____18____.
“Experimentation and failing is an important part of learning and ____19____. Just as kids build, unbuild and rebuild with LEGO bricks at home, we’re doing the same in our lab,” Brooks said.
The move follows last year’s announcement that the company was making a $400 million investment over three years into sustainability ____20____ It included phasing out the single-use plastic bags from its boxes and instead using recyclable paper for its packaging.
8.静安区
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. favor B. contained C. unseasonable D. consistency E. shifts F. upset G. contradictory H. air I. torn J. loosely K. stretched
The party may actually be the last stronghold of the dress code, a tradition that is increasingly falling out of ____11____ everywhere, from the workplace to the school. As the power of choice ____12____ away from the institution and toward the individual, the idea of any establishment deciding what is and is not appropriate dress, when dress is so deeply mixed with personal identity, seems increasingly ____13____.
So why do so many hosts think a dress code is a good idea
On the one hand, it does help reduce guests’ confusion and insecurity about what to wear to a special event. And it can help give a party a festive ____14____. There’s something very fun about fancy dresses of a theme. Also, if there are photos involved, a certain ____15____ in dress can create a clear visual effect for the photos.
On the other hand, if the dress code is too unspecific, it only adds to the general what-to-wear confusion, with “dress to impress” being a case in point. Sometimes it involves dresses that seem ____16____ to an individual’s sense of style. Either way, you will feel ____17____ between pleasing your host and pleasing yourself.
When I asked the designer Ulla Johnson about the issue, she admitted that she demanded a dress code at her wedding: everyone in white. But she also said she wasn’t ____18____ at all when some guests asked to be an exception to the rule.
“At this point, I would say dress codes can be ____19____ interpreted,” she said. “Putting on something you don’t love because it obeys a code should be off the table.”
In other words, a party dress code is not the same as a school uniform. It can be _____20_____ to fit each individual. Honey Dijon, the D.J. and musician, likewise believes that open interpretations of dress codes are generally expected, though she has her own solution to the dress code issue.
“Choose something that is related to the theme, such as a shoe or a bag,” she said. “That way, the host is satisfied and you still feel confident.”
9.闵行区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. objects B. cease C. removed D. substitutions E. justified F. engaging G. responsible H. present I. companions J. employ K. exposing
Smart Toys that Spy on Kids
Americans are becoming more and more alert of the ways their personal information is being collected on the Internet. A recent national survey found that 72% of respondents are not sure whether Facebook is using the data it collected on them in a(n) ____31____ way. And 70% of respondents said they believed their smartphones are being monitored in ways they haven’t agreed to. That doubt is ____32____. Concerns about personal privacy are on the rise all the time.
But adult gift-givers may not realize that some children’s toys are collecting personal data, too. Toys with cameras, mobile apps, and requirements to set up online accounts that store data about the toy and its user all ____33____ privacy concerns.
Toys that ____34____ Bluetooth connections, for example, could be sensitive to being hacked from outside the home, perhaps ____35____ the child to inappropriate content or gathering sensitive info. The famous car race Mario Kart Live Home Circuit installs a camera that uploads images of the room in order to create virtual racetrack. But these images of the room’s layout(布局) and the ____36____ in it could be exposed if the game’s website were ever hacked.
Most toy manufacturers are trying to build in protections. And the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act provides another layer of defense by requiring parents to be involved in setting up the toy and giving adults the right to have their children’s online data ___37___.
The worldwide market for smart toys is expected to reach almost $70 billion in the next five years. These toys can be wonderfully ____38____ and even educational, such as an interactive globe that speaks to children about a country as they touch it on the map. Action figures, robots, or dolls that talk back and hold conversations can become smart ____39____. Yet, in an environment where so much information can be collected through interaction with devices, children _____40_____ to be mere “players” or “consumers”. They become “data subjects” that disclose information or “personal data” about themselves, both consciously and unconsciously.
10.普陀区
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. generated B. mechanically C. partnership D. reforming E. powered F. efficiency G. growing H. greatly I. sustainable J. revolutionize K. emissions
The Inevitable Plastics Revolution
The Guardian once called plastic “Man’s worst invention”. One of the lesser-known uses of plastic is to reduce carbon emissions. For example, plastics make vehicles lighter thereby increasing their ___11___; it also increases the shelf life of foods, reducing food waste and the need to transport more. So plastics have an important role to play in creating a ___12___ future.
Currently that isn’t the case. Of the 24.5 million tons of plastic waste ___13___ in Europe each year, only 14 per cent is recycled. The rest is burned, buried or lost on land or at sea. Indeed, the European plastics industry emits 95 million tons of CO2 each year, about 3.7 per cent of total ___14___. One-third of this comes from the burning of waste plastics.
That has to change, says Marc, one of the world’s leading chemicals and plastics manufacturers. “With a ___15___ population, we need to find a way to make better use of our resources.” In ___16___ with the recycling technology company, Mura Technology, it wants to ___17___ the plastics economy by dramatically increasing the amount of plastic that is recycled while also reducing carbon emissions. The approach will change the way we make plastic.
Today most plastic is made from petrochemicals, using processes ___18___ by fossil fuels. While a great deal is thrown away, a large proportion of plastics waste can be collected and sent to be ____19____ recycled. This involves washing, drying and grinding the material, then heating and ___20___ it into a new product. But at no stage is the chemical structure of the plastic changed. In order to reduce pollution, the plastics manufacturing sector needs technological innovation.
11.青浦区
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. motivate B. accidentally C. highlighting D. plantations E. engaging F. apparent G. purpose H. sensitive I. increasingly J. decent K. treat
Ball- Rolling Bumble Bees Just Wanna Have Fun
Playtime isn’ t just for children. Lab- kept bumble bees roll small wooden balls around for no
____11____ purpose other than fun, a new study reveals. It supports evidence that bees experience pleasure,____12____ the importance of protecting them in the wild and treating them well in their natural habitats.
“It is super cool,” says Elizabeth Tibbetts, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Michigan. “We usually think about insects as being so different that they lack complex behaviors.” But not everyone is convinced the behavior is in fact play.
Lars Chittka, a behavioral ecologist at Queen Mary University of London, and his colleagues____13____ came across the new evidence. The team was studying how bumble bees learn complex behaviors from their comrades by training the insects to move wooden balls to specific locations. If a bee moved a ball to the right place, it got a sugary ____14____. The researchers noticed that some bees moved the balls even when no reward was offered. They just seemed to like going back to them and playing around with them and rolling them all over the place. The careful design of the experiments has convinced him the bees are indeed ____15____ in play.
Because play implies a capacity to experience emotions, documenting it in insects could have____16____ implications. Insects are ____17____ being raised for animal feed, and there are no regulations governing their welfare. Honey bees are also known to become stressed and more ____18____ to disease and bee communities collapse when industrialized beekeepers transport them long distances on trucks to ____19____ and vast fields without diverse flowers nearby, Chittka says. The researchers hope their findings might also _____20_____ greater fellow feeling for — and protection of — wild insects.
12.松江区
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. dismissed B. faintly C. foreign D. granted E. journeyed F. mysterious G. overlook H. promise I reflection J. typically K. version
The Charm of Daffodils
On April 15, 1802, the poet William Wordsworth and his sister were enjoying a spring walk through the hills when they came across a field of daffodils (水仙花). William decided there was nothing for it but to write a poem, which he published in its final ___31___ in 1815. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud is, to some people, the most famous ___32___ on the power of nature —
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
Long ___33___ as a common field flower, unworthy of serious attention by the artist, poet or gardener, the daffodil enjoyed a revival thanks in part to Wordsworth’s poem. Today, it’s easy to ____34____ the daffodil for we can find it almost everywhere, in gardens or in art.
The daffodil originated in the ancient Mediterranean, where people associated them with the idea of death and life. Its scientific name comes from the story of Narcissus, a handsome youth falling in love with his own image. The gods ___35___ him immortality (永生) as a daffodil to save him from death. But it isn’t only Mediterranean cultures that have concentrated on the daffodil’s ___36___ power of life and death. A variety of the daffodils ___37___ along the Silk Road to China. There, the flower appeared to express not only the happy ___38___ of spring, but also other painful emotions such as loss.
The English botanist John Parkinson introduced the traditional yellow variety from Spain in 1618. Aided by a wet but temperate climate, daffodils quickly spread across lawns and fields, causing its ___39___ origins to be forgotten. By the 19th century they had become ___40___ British — so much that traders planted bucketfuls of bulbs wherever they went.
13.徐汇区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. approaches B. demonstrates C. memorial D. analytics E. assumption H. complicate I clarity J. promotional F. remove G. insights K. tendency
The magic numbers
This is the age of the data scientist.
Employers of all kinds prize people with the skills to obtain and analyze enormous amounts of information, to spot patterns in the data and to turn them into useful ____11____. But some of the most valuable figures in business need neither a(n) ____12____ team nor knowledge of Python. They are simple to remember and useful in every organization:
Zero: Doing nothing can be the most valuable thing a manager can do, as the story of Atwood’s duck ____13____. It was well known that the higher-ups had to make a change to everything that was done. The ____14____ was that subconsciously they felt that if they didn’t, they weren’t adding value. The artist working on the queen animations for Battle Chess was aware of this ____15____, and came up with an innovative solution. He did the animations for the queen the way that he felt would be best, with one addition: he gave the queen a pet duck. Eventually, it came time for the higher-ups to review the animation set for the queen. Sure enough, they asked the programmer to do only one thing: ____16____ the bird.
One: This is the number of bosses people should have. In reality, matrix (矩阵) structures and team-based ____17____ mean that team members report to multiple leaders. This can have benefits, but ____18____ is not one of them. The Gallup poll showed that those who work in a matrix are less likely to know what is expected of them, and more likely to spend their day in endless internal meetings. While the intention of the matrix is to benefit teams, it may ____19____ projects and muddy the overall process.
Three: Good marketing follows certain universal truths. In a paper published in 2013, two academics tested whether there was a perfect number of claims that marketers should make for their products and services in _____20_____ messages. They found that making three claims was best: any fewer and consumers felt they lacked enough information to make their minds up about a product; any more and they became confused. The “rule of three” is useful in many other settings, too, from points in presentations to pricing options for customers.
14.浦东新区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. based B. genuinely C. irrelevant D. outsized E. persist F. previously G. profile H. reasoning I. shaped J. similar K. subsequent
It happens just about every time I go to a restaurant with my daughter. I open the menu and scan the options. Then I glance at the children’s menu. Oftentimes, the menu is pretty____31____, with the same pasta and tomato sauce. But the items on the children’s menu are usually less expensive, and I’ll think to myself: Wow, good deal.
If I think again for a moment, though, the deal isn’t really a deal. After all, I estimated the cost of the pasta____32____on the adult menu, not on the actual cost of making some bow-tie noodles and serving them with a red sauce.
My faulty____33____is the product of anchoring, a cognitive bias (认知偏差) that can weaken our critical thinking.
According to researchers, anchoring is when people rely on____34____but easily accessible facts to make judgments. Our minds give too much weight to initial impressions or numbers that influence our____35____thoughts. In my case, the prices on the adult menu____36____or anchored my judgment about the value of the items on the children’s menu.
Studies show that anchoring effects____37____no matter how weak the connection between the anchor and the actual decision. One study found that “estimates of an athlete’s performance were influenced by the number on his jersey ( 运 动 衫 ).” In other words, people thought that an athlete with a higher jersey number was better than an athlete with a lower number, all else being equal.
Anchoring affects all kinds of decisions, even those made by experts who should know better. In particular, a recent study shows that anchoring is far more common in the financial world than____38____ believed, with substantial anchoring effects influencing performance in the stock market. A study showed that investors valued firms more highly if the firms had higher stock prices. So, if two companies have the same financial____39____except that Company X has fewer shares at a higher price than Company Y, then Company X’s shares will sell better over the long run than Company Y’s. Why Because the stock price — the anchor — enhances the company’s perceived value.
The phenomenon of anchoring shows that while we think of ourselves as rational and logical beings, unrelated details can have a(n) ____40____influence on our reasoning. The best solution is to improve critical thinking skills. Otherwise, you might be a victim of anchoring, dragged down by your bias, whether you notice it or not.
15.杨浦区
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. justify B. trend C. theory D. restricted E. diversifying F. obviously G. termed H. climate I. suddenly J. seeking K. evident
The Lipstick Effect
In 2020, the world was plunged into an economic downturn as the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread closures to businesses. Under these circumstances, millions of people ___31___ found themselves facing financial insecurity. During such times of economic hardship, one may naturally expect that consumer markets will see a decline in expenditure, as people everywhere feel ___32___ to making only “essential” purchases. However, a curious phenomenon known as the “lipstick effect” can often be observed.
The lipstick effect refers to the phenomenon of consumers spending on small luxury goods even when an economic depression occurs. This phenomenon was ___33___ the “lipstick effect” in 2001 by Leonard Lauder, chairman of luxury cosmetic company Estée Lauder. He had not only witnessed the phenomenon at work but also realized that it was especially ___34___ in the case of lipstick and other cosmetic products.
So, how exactly do consumers who are short of cash ___35___ making such purchases First and perhaps most ___36___, consumers may simply wish to give themselves treats now and again to provide distractions from their financial insecurity. Another ___37___ has to do with labour markets. Specifically, during the economic depression, job seeking tends to become more competitive. Thus, people ___38___ employment may perceive a need to spend money on certain products to improve their physical appearance. By using products such as lipstick, they may feel more confident during job interviews.
Whatever the causes of the lipstick effect, this phenomenon is no short-lived ___39___. During the global depression of 2007-2009, sales of cosmetic in the United States increased by around 5%. Based on such data, it seems that even in the current insecure economic ___40___, the luxury cosmetics industry is one that will be sticking around.
16.长宁区
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. defensively B. exited C. initiatively D. landscape E. respond F. thought G. towered H. unaffected I. uninhabited J. welcoming K. winding
Danger in the desert
That day we were deep in Chile’s Atacama Desert. There the ____11____ could often be compared to Mars. Our team of four female microbiologists watched as a car full of curious men pulled up beside us. Because we were strangers in a(n) ____12____ place, our minds immediately jumped to ways we could protect ourselves. So, ____13____ , our Chilean fellow guide lifted the strong tool she’d been using to dig up plant roots. The rest of us tried to look braver than we felt.
We had come to this desert to conduct DNA studies on giant horsetails that somehow grow well in one of Earth’s driest places. We were searching for plants in the most remote locations, where they would be ____14____ by human activities such as mining and agriculture.
We’d been warned that the trip could be dangerous. Because we were traveling so far from fuel sources, we were told to take along a can of gas. Our destination was at the end of a(n) ____15____ single-lane dirt road lined with burned-out vehicles that had not successfully negotiated the steep downslope. Our sample site was near a village, and the people might not, we were told, ____16____ positively to us. We were instructed to report our travel plans at the nearest police station so that search parties would know where to look for us if we disappeared.
We had found the amazing plants and their bright green stocks ____17____ over our heads. They aroused the ____18____ of ancient wetland plants. The men approached as we finished collecting our samples. We waited tensely as a man ____19____ the car and walked toward us. To our surprise and relief, he politely invited us to visit their village—they wanted to show us a lovely church of which they were proud. That day, we learned about more than the microbiomes that help desert plants grow well. We also met a(n) _____20_____ community who had likewise beautifully adapted to their challenging home.
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