2023年上海十六区高三英语一模专项汇编 —03.完形填空（原题版+答案解析版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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专题0
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完形填空
-2023年上海十六区高三英语一模汇编
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1.宝山区
Online art of all kinds can be accessed by as many people as the hosting server permits. But there is a(n) ___21___ that is allowing people to buy digital art.
Digital art that is sold online is known as an NFT, which ___22___ non-fungible token(非同质化代币). Non-fungible means that the item cannot be ___23___ by a similar item. For example, coins and bills are fungible because they have a set value and are easily exchanged. ___24___, trading cards are non-fungible because their worth varies depending on which card you have. An NFT can be ___25___ anything digital -songs, videos, images or even a social media post, one of which sold for almost USS3 million!
Others may be able to see this NFT, or art, but one person is listed as the owner on a blockchain-that is, a public ___26___. Blockchains are well equipped to keep track of the owner of NFT. In fact, they are used to record all kinds of online ___27___.
Some people are describing NFTs as an online version of collecting fine art. And collectors are ___28___ to put their money where their mouth is, paying thousands or even millions of dollars for NFTs.
As with fine art collecting, some people see purchasing NFTs as a(n) ___29___, buying art that they plan to sell at a higher price later. Others want the esteem (成就感) that comes with owning an NFT made by a famous ___30___. But given that a copy of an NFT is identical to the ___31___, the wisdom of paying massive amounts of money for one may seem ___32___.
On the other hand, the popularity of NFTs is ___33___ good news for the artists who create them. Upon selling their works as NFTs, artists receive much more than the small amounts of money they get when someone streams their video, for example. Some NFTs are even set up so that every time a work changes hands, the creator receives a percentage of the price. Thus, the artist can be paid for a single NFT many times over.
___34___ every NFT is unique, though some creators produce multiple very similar NFTs sort of like how multiple copies of any given trading card exist). ___35___ will tell whether NFT art will pay off for collectors in the long run, but for now it’s providing some people-including the artists with large sums of money.
21. A. regulation B. art C. skill D. trend
22. A. focuses on B. stands for C. points to D. consists in
23. A. replaced B. produced C. released D. covered
24. A. In a word B. In other words C. In contrast D. In conclusion
25. A. practically B. extremely C. eventually D. constantly
26. A. image B. database C. relationship D. benefit
27. A. activities B. performances C. communications D. deals
28. A. afraid B. eager C. willing D. doubtful
29. A. amusement B. investment C. donation D. hobby
30. A. creator B. craftsman C. official D. scientist
31. A. critical B. moderate C. final D. original
32. A. foolish B. intelligent C. questionable D. mysterious
33. A. generally B. definitely C. consequently D. specifically
34. A. Theoretically B. Objectively C. Honestly D. Strictly
35. A. Standard B. Money C. Time D. Technology
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了生活中人们在网上购买数字艺术品的一个趋势。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是有一个趋势是允许人们购买数字艺术品。A. regulation管理；规章；B. art艺术；C. skill技巧；D. trend趋势。根据下文“allowing people to buy digital art”及“Some people are describing NFTs as an online version of collecting fine art.”可知，这里指人们从网络上购买数字艺术品成为了趋势。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：在网上销售的数字艺术品被称为 NFT，代表非同质化代币。A. focuses on集中于； B. stands for 代表；C. points to指向；D. consists in组成。根据空前“known as an NFT”及空后“non-fungible token”可知，此处NFT代表non-fungible token，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不可替换意味着该项不能被类似的项替换。A. replaced替换；B. produced制造；C. released释放；发射；D. covered覆盖。根据下文“For example, coins and bills are fungible because they have a set value and are easily exchanged. 　4　　, trading cards are non-fungible because their worth varies depending on which card you have.”可知，硬币和纸币是可替换的，交易卡是不可替代的，因而这里指不能被相似的物品来替换。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，硬币和纸币是可替换的，因为它们有一个固定的价值，并且易于交换。相比之下，交易卡是不可替代的，因为它们的价值取决于你持有的卡。A. In a word总之；一句话；B. In other words换句话说；C. In contrast相对比而言；D. In conclusion最后；总之。结合上文“coins and bills are fungible because they have a set value and are easily exchanged”及下文“trading cards are non-fungible because their worth varies depending on which card you have”可知，此处是拿能交换的硬币和纸币与交易卡进行对比，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：NFT 实际上可以是任何数字化的东西——歌曲、视频、图像甚至是社交媒体帖子，其中一个售价接近300万美元！A. practically实际地；B. extremely 极其；非常；C. eventually最终；D. constantly持续地。根据下文“anything digital -songs, videos, images or even a social media post”拿实际的数码歌曲、视频等来解释NTF，所以NTF指实际上的这些东西。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人可能能够看到这个 NFT，或艺术，但一个人被列为所有者的区块链——即公共数据库。A. image形象；B. database数据库；C. relationship关系；D. benefit好处。根据下文“In fact, they are used to record all kinds of online 　　7　　.”可知，此处指网上交易都被记录在这里，即是所有交易的数据库。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，它们被用来记录各种在线交易。A. activities活动；B. performances表演；C. communications交流；D. deals交易。根据上文“allowing people to buy digital art”可知，这里指人们在网上购买数字艺术品，即网上交易。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且收藏家愿意把钱花在他们所说的地方，为 NFT 支付数千甚至数百万美元。A. afraid害怕的；B. eager渴望的；C. willing乐意的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据下文“paying thousands or even millions of dollars for NFTs”可知，收藏家们愿意把钱花在NFT上。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像收藏艺术品一样，有些人把购买 NFT 视为一种投资，购买他们计划以更高价格出售的艺术品。A. amusement乐趣；娱乐活动；B. investment投资；C. donation捐献；捐赠物；D. hobby爱好。根据上文“ purchasing NFTs”及下文“ sell at a higher price later”可知，低价买NFT，之后以高价卖出，即有些人把购买NFT 视为一种投资。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人则希望拥有由著名创作者制作的 NFT，从而获得尊重。A. creator创造者；B. craftsman工匠；技工；C. official官员；D. scientist科学家。根据上文“an NFT made by a famous”，可知，这里指创造NFT的创造者。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，鉴于 NFT 的拷贝与原件完全相同，花大价钱购买 NFT 的明智之举似乎值得怀疑。A. critical批评的；爱挑剔的； B. moderate适度的；C. final最终的；D. original最初的。根据上文“a copy of an NFT is identical to ”可知，复制体和原始的应是一致的。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，鉴于 NFT 的拷贝与原件完全相同，花大价钱购买 NFT 的明智之举似乎值得怀疑。A. foolish愚蠢的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. questionable可疑的；有疑问的；D. mysterious神秘的。结合空前内容，可知，复制体和原始版是一致的，所以花大价钱购买复制体这个行为是可疑的。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，NFT 的流行对于创作它们的艺术家来说无疑是个好消息。A. generally大体地； B. definitely明确地；C. consequently因此；D. specifically特有地；特定地。根据空处前后内容可知，NFT受欢迎，因而对于创作它们的艺术家来讲肯定是好消息。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：从理论上讲，每个 NFT 都是独一无二的，尽管有些创造者会生成多个非常相似的 NFT，就像任何给定交易卡的多个拷贝存在一样。A. Theoretically理论地；B. Objectively客观的；C. Honestly诚实地；D. Strictly严格地。根据下文“every NFT is unique”可知，在理论上，任何一个NFT都是独一无二的。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从长远来看，NFT 艺术品是否会为收藏家带来回报，时间会告诉我们答案，但就目前而言，它为一些人——包括艺术家——提供了大笔资金。A. Standard标准；B. Money金钱；C. Time时间；D. Technology技术。根据下文“in the long run”，所以此处指从时间上来看。故选C。
2.崇明区
When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global The answer is yes — expanding to international markets helps companies grow, increases buying power and diversifies market opportunities. It better prepares the company for changes in the ____41____ economy. It can result in increased profits, a diverse customer base and improved stability.
Before the pandemic, ____42____ expansion almost always meant international travel. ____43____ bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women, and international travel can ____44____ the delicate work-life balance entrepreneurs (企业家) of both sexes strive to maintain.
The Covid-19 pandemic ____45____ global e-commerce and opportunities. The world is conducting business ____46____ with far more success than anticipated. This shift to business by the internet presents tremendous global opportunities for women as it effectively makes the situation ____47____.
Conducting business on the internet ____48____ the complications of gender, race, religion, color and lifestyle, simplifying business down to the principles of supply and demand. This opens more doors for growth and enables entrepreneurs to study potential markets and the buyer’s journey from the ____49____of their own office.
So, how can you accomplish successful international expansion First, identify your target market, and then develop an inbound marketing strategy.
This involves providing all the information your target consumers need on your _____50_____ so consumers can find you and research the answers to their initial questions on their own. With a defined inbound strategy, well-written content and social media outreach, you can bring _____51_____ buyers to you instead of continually searching for new buyers.
A vital part of your global inbound marketing strategy will be to translate important information from your website into your target consumer’s native language. Even if your target consumers are multilingual most _____52_____ to buy from sites that provide information in their native language.
Then how can you develop your inbound marketing strategy The first step is to select a market that _____53_____ your company goals and marketing strategy. Choose one country, one language, and develop a multilingual marketing strategy that defines your goals and prepares you to connect with prospective buyers. Once you create the plan and process for the first country, you can copy it when you’re ready to expand into _____54_____ markets.
You might believe that your business is too small to get involved with _____55_____ — but consider this: When you make use of the power of the internet, it doesn’t matter if your company is large or small. The key is to shift your focus from outbound to inbound marketing — and bring buyers to you.
41. A. booming B. domestic C. current D. industrial
42. A. rapid B. successful C. further D. global
43. A. Gender B. Media C. Cultural D. Political
44. A. keep B. upset C. promote D. restore
45. A. looks into B. breaks down C. speeds up D. responds to
46. A. desperately B. efficiently C. securely D. remotely
47. A. fair B. worse C. real D. reliable
48. A. increases B. promotes C. removes D. illustrates
49. A. angle B. comfort C. relief D. imagination
50. A. desk B. website C. shoulder D. market
51. A. qualified B. wealthy C. foreign D. optimistic
52. A. intend B. hesitate C. volunteer D. prefer
53. A. attaches to B. benefits from C. sees through D. agrees with
54. A. commercial B. additional C. overseas D. private
55. A. marketing B. financing C. exporting D. training
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. B 51. A 52. D 53. D 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了在寻找拓展业务的方法时，走向全球的意义，向国际市场扩张有助于企业成长，提高购买力，并使市场机会多样化。。
41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这有助于公司更好地应对国内经济的变化。A. booming蓬勃发展的；B. domestic本国的；C. current当前的；D. industrial工业的。根据前文“expanding to international markets helps companies grow, increases buying power and diversifies market opportunities”可知，对应上文国际扩展，此处指“国内的经济”。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在疫情大流行之前，全球扩展几乎总是意味着国际旅行。A. rapid快速的；B. successful成功的；C. further进一步的；D. global全球的。根据前文“When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global ”和后文“international travel”可知，此处指“全球扩展”故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：历史上，一些国家的性别偏见使女性难以拓展业务，而国际旅行可能会打破企业家们努力维持的微妙的工作与生活平衡。A. Gender性别；B. Media媒体；C. Cultural文化的；D. Political政治的。根据后文“made business expansion difficult for women”以及“both sexes”可知，此处指“性别偏见”。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上，一些国家的性别偏见使女性难以拓展业务，而国际旅行可能会打破男女企业家们努力维持的微妙的工作与生活平衡。A. keep保持；B. upset使颠覆，打翻，打破；C. promote促进；D. restore恢复。根据前文“____3____ bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women”可知，由于一些国家对女性的限制，因此国际旅行不利于商务工作，可能会打破工作与生活平衡。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：2019冠状病毒病大流行加速了全球电子商务和机遇。A. looks into调查；B. breaks down发生故障，分解；C. speeds up加速；D. responds to响应。根据常识和前文“The Covid-19 pandemic”可知，由于疫情阻隔，不能出行，所以加速了全球电子商务和机遇。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：全球正在远程开展业务，取得的成功远远超过预期。A. desperately绝望地；B. efficiently有效地；C. securely安全地；D. remotely远程地。根据前文“The Covid-19 pandemic ____5____ global e-commerce and opportunities.”可知，全球在开展电子商务，远程业务。故选D项。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种向互联网商业的转变为女性提供了巨大的全球机会，因为它有效地使情况变得公平。A. fair公平的；B. worse更糟的；C. real真实的；D. reliable可信赖的。根据前文“____3____ bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women”以及后文“Conducting business on the internet ____8____ the complications of gender, race, religion, color and lifestyle”可知，互联网商业更趋公平。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在互联网上开展业务消除了性别、种族、宗教、肤色和生活方式的复杂性，将业务简化为供需原则。A. increases增加；B. promotes促进；C. removes去掉，移除；D. illustrates说明，解释。根据后文“simplifying business down to the principles of supply and demand”可知，是消除了这些问题的复杂性。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这为增长打开了更多的大门，使企业家能够在舒适的办公室里研究潜在的市场和买家的旅程。A. angle角度；B. comfort舒适；C. relief宽慰；D. imagination想象力。根据前文“Conducting business on the internet”和后文“their own office”可知，在互联网上开展业务，在舒适的办公室里就能完成。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这包括在你的网站上提供你的目标消费者需要的所有信息，这样消费者就可以找到你，并自己研究他们最初问题的答案。A. desk课桌；B. website网站；C. shoulder肩膀；D. market市场。根据前文“Conducting business on the internet”和后文“so consumers can find you and research the answers to their initial questions on their own”可知，是在网站上提供信息。故选B项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过明确入境策略，精心编写的内容和社交媒体推广，可以为您带来有资格的买家，而不是不断地寻找新买家。A. qualified有资格的，合格的；B. wealthy富有的；C. foreign外国的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据语境和前文“With a defined inbound strategy, well-written content and social media outreach”及后文“instead of continually searching for new buyers”可知，这可以带来符合要求的有资格的买家。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使你的目标消费者会说多种语言，大多数人也更喜欢从提供母语信息的网站上购买。A. intend打算；B. hesitate犹豫；C. volunteer志愿；D. prefer更喜欢。根据前文“A vital part of your global inbound marketing strategy will be to translate important information from your website into your target consumer’s native language.(全球入站营销策略的一个重要部分是将网站上的重要信息翻译成目标消费者的母语。)”可知，大多数人更喜欢从提供母语信息的网站上购买东西。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一步是选择一个符合你公司目标和营销策略的市场。A. attaches to附加到；B. benefits from从中受益；C. sees through看透；D. agrees with同意，适合于。根据语境和后文“Choose one country, one language, and develop a multilingual marketing strategy that defines your goals and prepares you to connect with prospective buyers.(选择一个国家，一种语言，并制定一个多语言营销策略，以确定您的目标，并为您与潜在买家联系做好准备。)”可知，是选择一个适合于公司目标和营销策略的市场。故选D项。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦你为第一个国家制定了计划和流程，你就可以在准备拓展其他市场时复制它。A. commercial商业的；B. additional附加的，外加的；C. overseas海外的；D. private私人的。根据前文“Once you create the plan and process for the first country”可知，此处指“第一个国家之外的（即外加的其它）国家市场”。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查动名词词义辨析。句意：你可能认为你的公司太小了，不能参与出口——但是考虑一下：当你利用互联网的力量时，你的公司是大是小并不重要。A. marketing营销；B. financing融资；C. exporting出口，输出；D. training训练。根据前文“When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global ”以及“So, how can you accomplish successful international expansion ”可知，本文建议拓展国际业务，使产品走向全球。结合句意可知，此处指“出口”。故选C项。
3.奉贤区
Bees have evolved to be skilled living builders that can build things many times their size. Bees inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing. A ____21____ 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed the ____22____ by giving the printer nozzle wings.
In the latest edition of Nature, Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle. The scanners are robots equipped with cameras that are ____23____ for monitoring the progress of the builders.
In the building process, builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks and ____24____ printing and adjusting, layer by layer, until a structure is complete. First, a builder keeps flying over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the building material. The choice of material is important—it must be lightweight enough for the drones to carry but ____25____ enough to hold the following layers that will be built on top. Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and ____26____ the progress. The system then computes the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting for any error that might have been discovered in what has already been built. These could be errors made by the builder-drones or ____27____ in the expansion of the building material. At this point, people can also manually adjust the process, ____28____ and correcting course where necessary.
The researchers tested the system’s ____29____ by building both a large cylinder (圆柱体)and a small cylinder. The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked, because the perfect match required in position would have been impractical to achieve. _____30_____, the builder robot printed winding circles that interleaved with(交错；嵌入) the layers above and below, to ensure maximum stability.
The cylinders built by Dr Kovac’s robots successfully meet the requirements of the British building codes. _____31_____ these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac says their main task will probably be, initially, in repair.
Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere, they could fix things in dangerous or otherwise _____32_____ places. Dr Kovac says that his robots could be used to _____33_____and seal leaks in pipelines or fix cracks on tall buildings. These robots could be _____34_____ to work more quickly, cheaply and with less risk to humans. Thinking more long term, Dr Kovac sees a _____35_____ future for his construction robots, building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars. But what we can say for sure is that it will make a huge difference to construction on Earth.
21. A. typical B. latest C. precise D. popular
22. A. part B. characteristic C. limitation D. shortage
23. A. suitable B. responsible C. famous D. ready
24. A. go on B. work on C. take turns D. contribute to
25. A. massive B. stable C. strong D. flexible
26. A. makes B. improves C. inspects D. continues
27. A. misguidance B. imbalance C. misuse D. imperfection
28. A. changing B. supervising C. arranging D. measuring
29. A. features B. weaknesses C. capabilities D. responses
30. A. Moreover B. Meanwhile C. Otherwise D. Instead
31. A. Because B. While C. If D. After
32. A. remote B. unavailable C. inaccessible D. deserted
33. A. spot B. squeeze C. replace D. remove
34. A. inquired B. intended C. expanded D. assigned
35. A. vague B. demanding C. distant D. potential
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个机器人专家受到了蜜蜂的启发，建造机器人的过程以及这个机器人对地球的影响。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：典型的3D打印机受到喷嘴范围的限制，只能打印出比自身更小的物体。A. typical有代表性的；B. latest最新的；C. precise精确的；D. popular流行的。根据下文“limited by the range of its nozzle, and can only make objects smaller than itself”可知，3D打印机会受其自身的限制，只能打印比自身小的物体，这是现在市场上有代表性的3D打印机的通病。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科瓦克博士的团队通过给打印机喷嘴插上翅膀，消除了这一限制。A. part部分；B. characteristic特征；C. limitation限制；D. shortage短缺。上文“A typical 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle”提到3D打印机的限制，所以下文才要移除该限制，C项limitation“限制”是原文limit的派生词复现。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：扫描仪是装有摄像头的机器人，负责监控建造者的进度。A. suitable适合的；B. responsible负责的；C. famous有名的；D. ready准备好的。下文“In the building process, builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks”提到建造者和扫描仪需要各司其职，故空处需要填与“carry out their respective tasks”的近义表达。B项“负责的”带入为固定短语be responsible for表示“对某事负责”符合文意。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在建造过程中，建造者和扫描仪执行各自的任务，轮流打印和调整，一层一层，直到结构完成。A. go on继续；B. work on影响；C. take turns轮流；D. contribute to做贡献。根据后文“First, a builder keeps flying over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the building material.”和“Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and ____6____ the progress.”可知，两部分不光需要各司其职，还需要轮流合作。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：材料的选择很重要，它必须足够轻，无人机可以携带，但也要足够坚固，可以在上面建造下面的层。A. massive大的；B. stable稳定的；C. strong强的、坚固的；D. flexible灵活的。空前有but表示转折，所以空处需要填一个和上文“lightweight(轻的)”意义相反或相斥的词；C项“坚固的”符合句意。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦建造机器人释放了一层材料，扫描机器人就会飞过并检查进度。A. makes做；B. improves提高；C. inspects检查；D. continues继续。结合上文“The scanners are robots equipped with cameras that are responsible for monitoring the progress of the builders.”可知，扫描仪是监控进度的；故空处需要填“monitor”的近义词，C项“检查”为近义替换。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些可能是建筑工人的错误，也可能是建筑材料膨胀时的缺陷。A. misguidance误导；B. imbalance不平衡；C. misuse误用；D. imperfection缺陷。空前有or表并列选择，并列的是前文的“errors(错误)”，故空处需要填近义词。D项“缺陷”符合句意。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，人们还可以手动调整过程，在必要时监督和纠正过程。A. changing改变；B. supervising监督；C. arranging安排；D. measuring测量。根据上文“Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and inspects the progress.”可知，监督一般来说是扫描仪的工作，而在这一点上，人们也可以进行人工的监督和纠正，其中inspects和supervising为近义词替换。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员通过建造一个大圆柱体和一个小圆柱体来测试系统的能力。A. features特征；B. weaknesses缺点；C. capabilities能力；D. responses回答。根据下文“The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked, because the perfect match required in position would have been impractical to achieve.”可知，这个测试并不简单，想要通过这个测试，系统必须能力非常强，由此推出，是为了测试系统的能力水平。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，建造机器人打印的缠绕圈与上下层交错，以确保最大程度的稳定性。A. Moreover此外；B. Meanwhile同时；C. Otherwise否则；D. Instead反之。结合句意可知，这个测试的难度非常大，且上文提到“The tasks were not simple.”可以推出，空处为D项“相反”，表示这个测试一点也不简单，相反，是非常难。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管这些机器人已被证明具有制造能力，但科瓦奇博士表示，它们最初的主要任务可能是维修。A. Because因为；B. While尽管；C. If如果；D. After在……后。从句提到机器人有制造能力，主句提到它们的任务主要还只停留在维修阶段，由此可以推出，前文为让步状语从句表示“尽管”、“虽然”。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为从理论上讲，飞行机器人可以在任何地方操作，它们可以在危险或无法到达的地方修理东西。A. remote遥远的；B. unavailable不可用的；C. inaccessible到不了的；D. deserted废弃的。上文“Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere,”提到机器人可以随便飞去任何地方进行修理工作，所以空处应指人类很难或几乎无法到达的地方。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：科瓦克博士说，他的机器人可以用来发现和密封管道的泄漏，或者修复高层建筑的裂缝。A. spot发现；B. squeeze挤压；C. replace代替；D. remove祛除。结合常识可知，管道泄露应该是先发现、后密封。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些机器人的工作速度更快，成本更低，对人类的风险也更小。A. inquired询问；B. intended打算；C. expanded拓展；D. assigned分配。固定短语be assigned to do表示“被安排去做某事”，结合句意，机器人被安排去工作，符合文意。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从长远来看，科瓦克博士认为他的建筑机器人有一个潜在的未来，可以在月球或火星表面做建造工作。A. vague模糊的；B. demanding要求高的；C. distant遥远的；D. potential潜在的。结合后文“But what we can say for sure is that it will make a huge difference to construction on Earth.”可知，能够肯定的是建筑机器人对地球上的建筑产生巨大的影响，由此推出，对于在月球和火星上做建筑工作是有可能的；D项表示“潜在的”、“有可能的”，符合文意。故选D项。
4.虹口区
Does a reassuring touch on the back bring you comfort during a tough day A new study finds, when it comes to touching, people aren’t even ____21____ about who’s doing it. Researchers in Germany say the touch of a humanoid (人形的) robot makes people ____22____ and more likely to follow their requests.
Instead of being ____23____ on other humans, researchers are hoping that one day robots may be able to fulfill the roles of therapists, personal trainers, and even life coaches. Their study follows the widespread increase of touch ____24____ during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several studies have pointed out how physical distancing and isolation is creating a variety of negative effects that increase feelings of stress, depression, and anxiety.
In this research, 48 students engaged in a conversation with NAO – a programmable research robot. During the course, for some participants, the robot briefly and seemingly randomly ____25____ the back of the participant’s hand.
This differed from the design of other studies, which have relied on ____26____ touch. In response to the robot’s touch, most participants smiled and laughed, and none ____27____. Results show those who were touched were more likely to ____28____ the robot urging them to show interest in a particular academic course discussed during the conversation. Participants also reported a better ____29____ state after the robot’s tap on the hand. ____30____, students who were touched were more likely to give the robot a higher score for physical attractiveness (although these participants still only rated poor NAO a 2.5 out of 5 on average).
“A robot’s non-functional touch ____31____ to humans,” Laura Hoffmann from Ruhr University and her team write. “Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot.”
“It is remarkable that simple and brief tap on the back of participants’ hands showed such an effect. Involving more complex and ____32____ touching from a robot might increase engagement and compliance.”
As the researchers argue, this small study – one of the first to examine the ____33____ of robot-initiated touch – suggests that through the use of comforting touches, robot therapists could better ____34____ patients to engage in healthy activities such as exercise. However, they caution that much about human-robot ____35____ are complex, with there still more to be learned about the difference between human and robot touch.
21. A. curious B. crazy C. picky D. certain
22. A. happier B. freer C. more stressed D. more frightened
23. A. hard B. dependent C. impressed D. based
24. A. completion B. formation C. imagination D. starvation
25. A. watched B. patted C. cleaned D. blocked
26. A. human-initiated B. time-pressed C. technique-based D. goal-oriented
27. A. made out B. thought back C. pulled away D. set off
28. A. look over B. go along with C. take off D. stand up against
29. A. physical B. emotional C. financial D. social
30. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Still
31. A. matters B. sees C. relates D. gets
32. A. warmer B. longer C. more friendly D. more forceful
33. A. theory B. history C. trend D. potential
34. A. warn B. persuade C. force D. control
35. A. similarities B. conflicts C. constructions D. interactions
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项新的研究发现，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。德国研究人员表示，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究发现，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。A. curious好奇的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. picky挑剔的；D. certain确定的。根据下文“Researchers in Germany say the touch of a humanoid (人形的) robot makes people ____2____ and more likely to follow their requests”可知，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德国研究人员表示，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。A. happier更快乐的；B. freer更自由的；C. more stressed感到更大压力的；D. more frightened更害怕的。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员希望有一天机器人可以扮演治疗师、私人教练甚至生活教练的角色，而不是依赖于其他人。A. hard困难的；B. dependent依赖的；C. impressed印象深刻的；D. based（以某事）为基础的，为根据的。根据下文“researchers are hoping that one day robots may be able to fulfill the roles of therapists, personal trainers, and even life coaches”可知，研究人员希望有一天机器人可以扮演治疗师、私人教练甚至生活教练的角色，而不是依赖于其他人。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的研究是在COVID-19大流行期间对触摸的渴望普遍增加之后进行的。A. completion完成；B. formation组成；C. imagination想象力；D. starvation饥饿。根据下文“Several studies have pointed out how physical distancing and isolation is creating a variety of negative effects that increase feelings of stress, depression, and anxiety”可知，在COVID-19大流行期间人们渴望触摸，空格处用starvation表示“渴望”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，对于一些参与者来说，机器人会短暂地、似乎是随机地拍他们的手背。A. watched观看；B. patted拍打；C. cleaned清洁；D. blocked堵塞。根据第9空后的“robot’s tap on the hand”可知，机器人会短暂地、似乎是随机地拍他们的手背。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这与其他研究的设计不同，其他研究依赖于人类主动的触摸。A. human-initiated人类触发的；B. time-pressed时间紧迫的；C. technique-based基于技术的；D. goal-oriented面向目标的。根据下文“this small study – one of the first to examine the ____13____ of robot-initiated touch”可知，这个研究和其他研究不同，其他研究依赖于人类主动的触摸，空格处意为“人类触发的”。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于机器人的触摸，大多数参与者都笑了笑，没有人离开。A. made out辨认出；B. thought back回想；C. pulled away离开；D. set off出发。根据下文“Results show those who were touched were more likely to ____8____ the robot urging them to show interest in a particular academic course discussed during the conversation”可知，对于机器人的触摸，大多数参与者都笑了笑，没有人离开，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果显示，那些被触摸过的人更有可能同意机器人的要求，让他们对对话中讨论的特定学术课程表现出兴趣。A. look over检查；B. go along with赞同；C. take off起飞；D. stand up against反对。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，那些被触摸过的人更有可能同意机器人的要求。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与者还报告说，机器人轻拍他们的手后，他们的情绪状态有所改善。A. physical身体的；B. emotional情绪的；C. financial金融的；D. social社会的。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，机器人轻拍他们的手后，他们的情绪状态有所改善。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，被触摸过的学生更有可能给机器人的外表吸引力打更高的分（尽管这些参与者仍然只给可怜的NAO打了平均2.5分（满分5分））。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Furthermore此外；D. Still仍然。根据下文“students who were touched were more likely to give the robot a higher score for physical attractiveness”可知，空后内容是补充说明的，空格处是“此外”。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“机器人的非功能性触摸对人类很重要，”Ruhr大学的Laura Hoffmann和她的团队写道。A. matters重要；B. sees看见；C. relates联系；D. gets得到。根据下文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，机器人的非功能性触摸对人类很重要。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让机器人进行更复杂、更长时间的触摸，可能会提高用户的参与度和依从性。A. warmer更温暖的；B. longer更长的；C. more friendly更友好的；D. more forceful更有力的。根据上文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”和下文“might increase engagement and compliance”可知，让机器人进行更复杂、更长时间的触摸，可能会提高用户的参与度和依从性。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如研究人员所言，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一，它表明，通过使用舒适的触摸，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动，如锻炼。A. theory理论；B. history历史；C. trend趋势；D. potential潜能。根据下文“of robot-initiated touch”可知，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如研究人员所言，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一，它表明，通过使用舒适的触摸，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动，如锻炼。A. warn警告；B. persuade说服；C. force强迫；D. control控制。根据上文“Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot”可知，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们警告说，人与机器人之间的互动很复杂，关于人与机器人触摸之间的区别还有更多需要了解的地方。A. similarities相同点；B. conflicts矛盾；C. constructions建造，建筑；D. interactions互动。根据下文“human and robot touch”可知，此处表示“人与机器人之间的互动很复杂”。故选D。
5.黄浦区
Colleges today often operate as machines for putting too many opportunities before already advantaged people. Our educational system focuses too much on helping students take the next step. But it does not give them adequate ___21___ in thinking about the substance of the lives toward which they are advancing. Many institutions today have ___22___ that it is an essential part of education to teach the young the art of choosing, and to train them to use ___23___ to decide which efforts deserve the investment of their lives.
We spent many years teaching on a college campus, trying to help students struggling with their confusion. Eventually, we sought to address this problem ___24___, by designing a course intended to introduce the young to the art of choosing. The course begins with Plato’s “Gorgias” — a messy dialogue that turns on a(n) ___25___ over whether the pursuit of virtue or of pleasure is the way to a good life. The dialogue ends ___26___; no one is satisfied. But with remarkable regularity, it ___27___ the kind of thinking that students need to better understand the choices that shape their lives.
Students’ first reaction to the “Gorgias” is disbelief, sometimes even horror. It is the dialogue’s ___28___ that alarms them: the idea that we can seriously argue about what represents the human good. Everything in their education has led them to believe that such arguments cannot bear fruit.
Most students are ___29___ to discover this art of choosing. Learning to reason about happiness is as delightful as discovering that one’s voice can be made to sing. Why, then, do institutions ____30____ teach it In some cases, intelligence members are encouraged to ____31____ specialized research rather than thinking about the good life. In others, they share the belief that feeling is a more ____32____ guide to happiness than the mind.
Colleges should self-consciously prioritize initiating students into a culture of ____33____ reflection on how to live. Doing so will hold them ____34____ performing their proper work: helping young people learn to give reasons for the choices that shape their lives and to ____35____ about the ends they pursue.
21. A. assistance B. protection C. recognition D. treatment
22. A. forgotten B. promised C. repeated D. responded
23. A. determination B. imagination C. memory D. reason
24. A. controversially B. effortlessly C. resistantly D. systematically
25. A. argument B. lecture C. performance D. session
26. A. automatically B. inconclusively C. indirectly D. unnecessarily
27. A. abuses B. awakens C. demonstrates D. echoes
28. A. assumption B. pattern C. progress D. variation
29. A. grateful B. quick C. reluctant D. shocked
30. A. commonly B. effectively C. rarely D. strictly
31. A. direct B. emphasize C. review D. sponsor
32. A. detailed B. formal C. qualified D. reliable
33. A. logical B. moral C. spiritual D. theoretical
34. A. eager for B. patient with C. responsible for D. skilled at
35. A. complain B. experiment C. question D. reflect
【答案】21. A 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了教会大学生用理智选择自己的生活的重要性。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是对于他们所走向的道路上重要的部分，教育却没有提供足够的帮助来引导他们思考。A. assistance帮助；B. protection保护；C. recognition识别；D. treatment对待，治疗。根据前文“Our educational system focuses too much on helping students take the next step.”中的提示词“helping”可知，此处教育未能帮助学生去思考生活的本质，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今很多机构已经忘记了，教育重要部分是教会年轻人选择的艺术以及培养他们如何用理智来决定哪些努力值得他们的付出。A. forgotten忘记；B. promised承诺；C. repeated重复；D. responded回复，回应。根据前文“But it does not give them adequate ___1___ in thinking about the substance of the lives toward which they are advancing.”可知，此处指很多机构忘记了去教会年轻人选择，教会他们用理性来决定他们的付出，故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. determination决心；B. imagination想象力；C. memory记忆力；D. reason理智，道理。根据空前“and to train them to use”可知，此处指培训他们用理智来决定他们的付出，故选D。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我们设法系统地解决了这个问题，通过设计一门专为年轻人介绍选择的艺术的课程。A. controversially有争议地；B. effortlessly轻松地，毫不费力地；C. resistantly反抗地；D. systematically系统地。根据后文“by designing a course intended to introduce the young to the art of choosing.”可知，此处指系统地解决了这个问题，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这门课程以柏拉图的“高尔吉斯”开始，它是一段混乱的对话，开启了关于“通向好生活的方式到底是道德的追求还是快乐的追求”的讨论。A. argument讨论，争议；B. lecture演讲，讲座；C. performance表演；D. session一段时间，会议。根据空后“over whether the pursuit of virtue or of pleasure is the way to a good life.”可知，此处指开启了关于此话题的讨论，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这次对话没有结果；没有人满意。A. automatically自动地；B. inconclusively没有结论地，非决定性地；C. indirectly直接地；D. unnecessarily非必要地。根据后文“no one is satisfied.”可知，此处指这次对话没有结论，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是有规律的是，它唤醒了这种想法，学生需要更好地了解塑造他们生活的选择。A. abuses滥用；B. awakens唤醒；C. demonstrates证明；D. echoes回响，附和。根据后文“It is the dialogue’s ___8___ that alarms them: the idea that we can seriously argue about what represents the human good.”可知，此处之后它唤醒了学生需要更好地了解自己选择的这种想法，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这种对话的设想提醒了他们：我们能认真地讨论什么代表着人性的善良的这种想法。A. assumption设想，假设；B. pattern模式；C. progress进步；D. variation变异，变化。根据后文“the idea that we can seriously argue about what represents the human good.”可知，此处指对话的这个设想，想法提醒了他们，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：学生很感激去发现选择的这种艺术。A. grateful感激的，感谢的；B. quick快速的；C. reluctant勉强的，不情愿的；D. shocked震惊的。根据后文“Learning to reason about happiness is as delightful as discovering that one’s voice can be made to sing.”可知，此处指学生很感激发现这种选择的艺术，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：那么，为什么机构很少去教授呢？A. commonly常见地，通常地；B. effectively有效果地；C. rarely罕见地，很少地；D. strictly严格地。根据前文“Many institutions today have ___2___ that it is an essential part of education to teach the young the art of choosing, and to train them to use ___3___ to decide which efforts deserve the investment of their lives.”可知，此处指机构很少去教授学生选择的艺术，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一些情况下，鼓励情报人员强调专业的研究，而不是去思考生活的好处。A. direct指导；B. emphasize强调；C. review检查；D. sponsor赞助。根据空后“specialized research rather than thinking about the good life.”可知，此处指强调专业的研究，而不强调思考的重要性，故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在其他情况下，他们有着共同的想法，比起头脑，感觉是通向幸福的更可靠的指导。A. detailed详细的；B. formal正式的；C. qualified合格的；D. reliable可靠的。根据前文“In some cases, intelligence members are encouraged to ___11___ specialized research rather than thinking about the good life. In others, they share the belief that feeling is a more”可知，此处指在一些情况下，强调了研究的重要性，但在另一些情况下，就强调的是感觉的重要性，故此处指感觉是更可靠的指导，故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大学应该自觉地优先考虑让学生开始富有逻辑地去思考该怎样生活。A. logical富有逻辑的；B. moral具有道德的；C. spiritual精神上的；D. theoretical理论上的。根据后文“Doing so will hold them ___14___ performing their proper work: helping young people learn to give reasons for the choices that shape their lives and to ___15___ about the ends they pursue.”可知，此处指让学生逻辑性地去思考该如何生活，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：这样做能让他们为自己的本职工作负责：帮助年轻人学会理性地对待塑造他们生活的选择，帮助他们反思所追求的目标。A. eager for对……渴望的；B. patient with对……有耐心的；C. responsible for对……有责任的，负责的；D. skilled at对……擅长的。根据空后“performing their proper work: helping young people learn to give reasons for the choices that shape their lives and to ___15___ about the ends they pursue.”可知，此处指教会大学生为自己的工作负责，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. complain抱怨；B. experiment做实验；C. question质疑；D. reflect反思。根据上文“ learn to give reasons for the choices that shape their lives ”可知，此处指学会理性对待塑造他们生活的选择，并反思他们所追求的目标，故选D。
6.嘉定区
A New York state agency had just brought on a technician in its IT department to help update some of its aging computer systems. During the interview process, the candidate seemed like a(n)____21____ fit. He would be a real help to the team, the hiring manager had assured everyone. But by the end of the new guy’s first day on the job, it was clear something was wrong. He had____22____ technical literacy. He couldn’t even take directions. The hiring manager was confused: How could someone who seemed like such a strong candidate during the interview process turn out to be so____23____ At the end of her rope, the hiring manager turned to her supervisor for help. After listening to the situation, the supervisor gave an unexpected answer: The person who showed up to the job____24____ wasn’t the person who had been interviewed.
Job interviews are a crucial part of any organization, from government agencies to modern startups, when personal____25____ can allow candidates to convey their value better than they do on a resume (简历). But there’s a growing wave of candidates who are quietly trying to____26____ the system. According to a research, an increasing number of candidates are employing stand-ins to do the interviews and____27____ the job for them. The scheme goes by an interesting name: bait ( 诱饵) and switch. Bait-and-switch interviews appear particularly____28____ in IT fields. With more and more tech companies conducting job interviews through video chat and hiring employees who are permitted to work remotely. It’s easier than ever to pull off a bait and switch.
It’s impossible to_____29_____the number of bait-and-switch interviews that are taking panies and recruiters(招聘者) are often embarrassed to admit when they’ve been______30______. Even when bait and switchers get caught, companies are sometimes_____31_____ to accuse them. So there is no way of knowing the scale of the problem. Chris Mitchell, the senior vice president at the staffing firm Planet Technology, said unqualified hires were a tremendous____32____once they gained access to critical user data that could be mishandled. Organizations can have their reputation ruined,____33____can have their data stolen, and unwitting(不 知 情 的) coworkers are forced to clean up the mess.
Anyway, bait-and-switch interviews are a big problem — especially for a company that desperately______34______ capable talent. With no end in sight, employers are advised to keep an eye out for all their applicants and make sure that their interview process is enough to______35______ unqualified applicants from qualified ones.
21. A. poor B. loose C. ideal D. major
22. A. equal B. little C. basic D. adult
23. A. disrespectful B. miserable C. impatient D. incompetent
24. A. literally B. rigidly C. fortunately D. conventionally
25. A. correspondences B. interactions C. dedications D. boundaries
26. A. adopt B. stabilize C. cheat D. tackle
27. A. secure B. abandon C. exploit D. clarify
28. A. contradictory B. flexible C. identical D. widespread
29. A. advocate B. quantify C. divide D. maximize
30. A. diversified B. isolated C. tricked D. liberated
31. A. eager B. innocent C. decent D. reluctant
32. A. help B. leap C. risk D. experience
33. A. applicants B. customers C. supervisors D. inspectors
34. A. holds up B. calls for C. sets about D. takes over
35. A. discriminate B. remove C. distract D. shift
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍什么是欺诈面试，以及其带来的不良影响。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在面试过程中，这位候选人看起来非常合适。A. poor贫穷的，可怜的，差的；B. loose松的，松散的；C. ideal理想的；D. major主要的。根据下文“He would be a real help to the team, the hiring manager had assured everyone.”推知，这位候选人是一个理想的选择。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他几乎没有技术素养。A. equal平等的，可以胜任的；B. little少的，微不足道的；C. basic基本的；D. adult成年的。根据下文“He couldn’t even take directions.”可知，此人几乎没有技术素养。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：招聘经理感到困惑：在面试过程中看起来如此强大的应聘者怎么会变得如此无能。A. disrespectful无礼的，不尊重的；B. miserable痛苦的；C. impatient没有耐心的；D. incompetent无能的。根据上文“He couldn’t even take directions.”可知，经理很困惑，为什么面试中如此强大的应聘者很无能。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：听了情况后，主管给出了一个意外的答案：出现在工作岗位上的人实际上并不是接受过面试的人。A. literally真正地，字面上地，事实上；B. rigidly严格地，古板地；C. Fortunately幸运地；D. conventionally传统地，守旧地。根据“the supervisor gave an unexpected answer”推知，主管认为参加面试和来工作的实际上不是同一个人。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：求职面试是任何组织的重要组成部分，从政府机构到现代创业公司，个人说辞可以让应聘者比简历上更好地表达自己的价值。A. correspondences通信，相似；B. interactions互动；C. dedications奉献，献词；D. boundaries边界。结合常识可知，面试时应聘者需要通过自己的语言，即说辞来来表达自己的价值。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但越来越多的候选人正悄悄地试图欺骗该系统。A. adopt采纳，收养；B. stabilize稳定，稳固；C. cheat欺骗；D. tackle应对。根据下文“an increasing number of candidates are employing stand-ins to do the interviews”可知，有人开始在面试中作弊，即欺骗系统。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据一项调查，越来越多的求职者聘请替身来做面试，帮助自己取得工作。A. secure保护，取得；B. abandon抛弃；C. exploit开发；D. clarify澄清。根据“an increasing number of candidates are employing stand-ins to do the interviews”推知，这样作的目的是成功获得工作。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诱骗面试在IT领域尤为普遍。A. contradictory对立的，矛盾的；B. flexible灵活的；C. identical完全相同的；D. widespread普遍的，广泛的。结合第一段所给例子和“particularly”可知，此处是指诱骗面试在IT行业尤为普遍。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要确定正在进行的bait-and-switch面试的数量是不可能的。A. advocate提倡；B. quantify测定……的数量；C. divide分开；D. maximize最大化，充分利用。根据下文“Companies and recruiters (招聘者) are often embarrassed to admit when they’ve been____10____. Even when bait and switchers get caught, companies are sometimes____11____ to accuse them.”可知，要知道欺诈面试的具体数字是不可能的。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司和招聘人员通常不好意思承认自己被骗了。A. diversified使多样化；B. isolated孤立；C. tricked欺骗，欺诈；D. liberated解放。Bait-and-switch interview是一种欺骗行为，因此此处是指当公司和招聘人员被欺骗时。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使上当受骗的人被抓了，公司有时也不愿指控他们。A. eager渴望的；B. innocent天真的；C. decent得体的，正派的；D. reluctant不情愿的。根据上文“Companies and recruiters (招聘者) are often embarrassed to admit”可知，招聘方认为被欺骗是很尴尬的事情，自然也就不愿意指控实施欺骗的人。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：招聘公司Planet Technology的高级副总裁Chris Mitchell表示，一旦不合格的员工获得了可能处理不当的关键用户数据，他们就会面临巨大的风险。A. help帮助；B. leap跳跃；C. risk风险；D. experience经验。根据下文“Organizations can have their reputation ruined, ____13____ can have their data stolen, and unwitting (不知情 的) coworkers are forced to clean up the mess.”可知，不合格的聘用会是一个巨大的风险。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：组织的声誉可能被毁，客户的数据可能被窃取，不知情的同事被迫收拾烂摊子。A. applicants申请人；B. customers客户；C. supervisors监督人，指导者；D. inspectors检察员，视察员。结合常识可知，一般是指窃取客户的数据。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管怎样，诱骗面试是一个大问题——尤其是对于一个迫切需要有能力的人才的公司。A. holds up耽搁；B. calls for需要；C. sets about着手；D. takes over接管。根据“a company that desperately”和“capable talent”可知，此处是指急需人才的公司。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在看不到尽头的情况下，建议雇主密切关注所有求职者，确保他们的面试过程足以将不合格的求职者从合格的求职者中剔除。A. discriminate歧视；B. remove移除；C. distract使分心；D. shift改变。根据“unqualified applicants from qualified ones.”可知，此处是指把不合格的求职者从合格的求职中中剔除，remove…from…“从……中删除”。故选B。
7.金山区
In 2007, a group of researchers began testing a concept that seems as if it would never need testing: Is more happiness always better than less The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a scale from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Although the “very happy” participants had brilliant social lives, they performed ____21____ in school than those who were merely “happy”.
The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshmen’s “cheerfulness” and ____22____ their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most ____23____ were not the highest earners. That distinction (荣誉) once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average.”
As with everything in life, happiness has its ____24____. Pursuing happiness to the exclusion of other goals-known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义)—is____25____. It gives a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are ____26____ to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning.
When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, ____27____ how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequence of the failure itself. This is similar to the way that discomfort with ____28____ causes more anxiety than guaranteed bad news. To ____29____ these bad feelings, people give up kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure.
However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, _____30_____ make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater _____31_____ than a life played safe, as the studies above suggested.
None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. _____32_____, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. Making the pursuit of positive feelings your highest or only goal, however, is a costly life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so _____33_____ many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the _____34_____we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.”
Though pain should never be anyone’s goal, each of us can strive for a rich life in which we not only seek the sunshine but fully ____35____ the rain that inevitably falls as well. This is the paradox (悖论) of being fully alive.
21. A. unwillingly B. unpleasantly C. admirably D. incredibly
22. A. generated B. increased C. tracked D. drained
23. A. joyful B. wealthy C. successful D. distinctive
24. A. advantage B. balance C. opportunity D. preference
25. A. fruitful B. significant C. priceless D. rewardless
26. A. desperate B. hesitant C. likely D. tempted
27. A. centers on B. works on C. takes on D. passes on
28. A. performance B. discipline C. uncertainty D. ignorance
29. A. conceal B. create C. tolerate D. avoid
30. A. necessarily B. inevitably C. similarly D. deliberately
31. A. fascination B. rewards C. depression D. challenges
32. A. On the contrary B. That is to say C. For instance D. In turn
33. A. harvests B. encounters C. designs D. sacrifices
34. A. happiness B. wealth C. dishonor D. suffering
35. A. escape B. predict C. experience D. produce
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了快乐也有平衡，多一点幸福并不总是比少一点好，适当的不开心可以提高对生活的感受和解决问题的能力。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管“非常快乐”的参与者有着辉煌的社交生活，但他们在学校的表现比那些仅仅“快乐”的人要糟糕。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. unpleasantly令人不愉快地；C. admirably令人钦佩地；D. incredibly难以置信地。根据“the “very happy” participants had brilliant social lives”和表示转折关系的although可知，比起那些“快乐”的人，“非常快乐”的人在学校的表现不难么令人愉快。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员随后检查了另一项研究的数据集，该研究对大学新生的“快乐”进行了评级，并在近20年后追踪了他们的收入。A. generated产生；B. increased增加；C. tracked追踪；D. drained排除，使疲惫。根据下文“They found that the most ____3____ were not the highest earners.”推知，研究人员追踪了他们近20年的收入。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们发现最快乐的人并不是收入最高的人。A. joyful快乐的；B. wealthy富有的；C. successful成功的；D. distinctive独特的。根据上文“Is more happiness always better than less ”可知，本文研究的是“多一点幸福总比少一点好吗”，因此此处指那些快乐的人并不总是收入最高的。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：和生活中的一切一样，幸福也有它的平衡。A. advantage优势；B. balance平衡；C. opportunity机会；D. preference偏爱。结合常识和“As with everything in life”可知，幸福和生活中的其他事情一样，也有平衡，过多过少都是不行的。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：追求幸福而不顾其他目标——被称为心理享乐主义——是没有回报的。A. fruitful有成果的；B. significant重要的；C. priceless无价的；D. rewardless无报酬的。根据“Pursuing happiness to the exclusion of other goals-known”可知，这样做是没有回报的。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它给人的生活是，你没有充分发挥自己的潜力，你对冒险犹豫不决，你选择暂时的快乐而不是挑战赋予生活意义的经历。A. desperate 绝望的；B. hesitant迟疑的，犹豫的；C. likely可能的；D. tempted诱惑的。根据上文“you do not reach your full potential”和下文“you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning”可知，此处应选择负向感彩的词，即面对冒险时犹豫不决。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我和人们谈论他们对生活中负面结果的恐惧时，他们真正的恐惧来源，在很多情况下，集中在他们对失败的感受上，而不是失败本身的后果。 A. centers on以……为中心，集中于；B. works on致力于；C. takes on呈现，从事；D. passes on传递。根据“how they will feel about having failed”可知，人们恐惧的来源集中在对失败的感觉上。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这类似于不确定性带来的不适会比肯定的坏消息引起更多的焦虑。A. performance表演，表现；B. discipline自律；C. uncertainty不确定性；D. ignorance无知。呼应下文“guaranteed”此处指对不确定性的不适。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了避免这些不好的感觉，人们放弃了各种可能失败的机会。A. conceal取消；B. create创造；C. tolerate容忍；D. avoid避免，避开。根据“people give up kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure.”可知，人们为了避免不好的感觉，放弃了很多机会，尽管这些机会带来的可能是失败。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当然，风险并不一定会让我们快乐。A. necessarily必定，必然；B. inevitably不可避免地；C. similarly相似地；D. deliberately故意地。根据上文“bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk.”和下文“A risky life will very likely bring disappointment”可知，幸福伴随着风险，风险可能带来失望，因此风险并不一定会让我快乐。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如上述研究表明的那样，冒险的生活很可能会带来失望，但它比安全的生活带来更大的回报。A. fascination魅力；B. rewards回报；C. depression沮丧，抑郁；D. challenges挑战。根据上文“However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk.”可知，比起什么都不做，冒险的生活会带来回报。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：相反，对幸福的渴望是自然和正常的。A. On the contrary相反；B. That is to say也就是说；C. For instance例如；D. In turn轮流，反过来。根据上文“None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy.”可知，与之相反，渴望幸福是自然且正常的。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲美好生活的许多要素。A. harvests收获；B. encounters偶遇；C. designs设计；D. sacrifices牺牲。根据“Endless happiness is impossible to achieve”可知，想要无尽的幸福需要牺牲生活中其他美好的东西。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如加拿大裔美国心理学家保罗·布鲁姆所写：“正是我们选择的苦难为我们提供了快乐、意义和个人成长的最大机会。”A. happiness幸福；B. wealth财富；C. dishonor拒付，丢脸；D. suffering痛苦。结合常识和下文“Though pain should never be anyone’s goal”可知，苦难为我们提供了快乐、意义和个人成长的最大机会。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然痛苦永远不应该是任何人的目标，但我们每个人都可以为丰富的生活而奋斗，在生活中，我们不仅寻求阳光，而且充分体验不可避免的下雨。A. escape逃避；B. predict预测；C. experience经历，体验；D. produce生产。根据“in which we not only seek the sunshine”可知，除了在生活中寻求阳光，我们还应该体验不可避免的“雨”。故选C。
8.静安区
According to a Gallup World Poll, 1.1 billion people want to move temporarily to another country in the hope of finding more profitable jobs. An additional 630 million people would like to move abroad permanently.
The global desire to leave home arises from poverty and necessity, but it also grows out of a belief that such mobility is possible. People who hold fast to this universal ____21____ assume that individuals can and should be feel at home anywhere in the world and that they need not be ____22____ to any particular place. This view was once regarded as a negative product of the industrialization but is now accepted as central to a(n) ____23____ economy.
It leads to opportunity and profits, but it also has high ____24____ costs. According to a long research into the emotions and experiences of immigrants (移民) and migrants, many people who leave home in search of better prospects can’t avoid feeling ____25____ although few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home.
Such tolerance of emotional suffering became common among mobile Americans in the 20th century, and represented a(n) ____26____ from the past. In the 19th century, Americans of all groups, pioneers, soldiers and the millions of immigrants who streamed into the nation, loudly complained that moving was emotionally ____27____. Medical journals explored the condition, often referring to it by its clinical name: nostalgia (思乡).
Today, discussions of nostalgia are rare, for the emotion is typically regarded by individuals as an embarrassing block to progress and prosperity. The ____28____ makes mobility appear misleadingly easy.
Technology also tricks us into thinking that mobility is ____29____. The comforting vision of ____30____ offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential, since “one is always just a mouse click or a phone call away”.
But such a claim was ____31____ optimistic, for homesickness continued to hurt many who migrated. The ____32____ that phone calls and the Internet provide means that those away from home can know exactly what they are missing the exact moment and how it is happening. It gives the impression that one can be in two places at once but it also highlights the ____33____ of that assumption.
The persistence of homesickness points to the limitations of the universal philosophy that strengthens so much of our market and society. The idea that we can and should feel at home any place on the globe is based on a worldview that celebrates the independent, mobile individual and takes it for granted that men and women are easily separated from family, from home and from the past. But this view isn’t ____34____ our emotions, for our中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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-2023年上海十六区高三英语一模汇编
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1.宝山区
Online art of all kinds can be accessed by as many people as the hosting server permits. But there is a(n) ___21___ that is allowing people to buy digital art.
Digital art that is sold online is known as an NFT, which ___22___ non-fungible token(非同质化代币). Non-fungible means that the item cannot be ___23___ by a similar item. For example, coins and bills are fungible because they have a set value and are easily exchanged. ___24___, trading cards are non-fungible because their worth varies depending on which card you have. An NFT can be ___25___ anything digital -songs, videos, images or even a social media post, one of which sold for almost USS3 million!
Others may be able to see this NFT, or art, but one person is listed as the owner on a blockchain-that is, a public ___26___. Blockchains are well equipped to keep track of the owner of NFT. In fact, they are used to record all kinds of online ___27___.
Some people are describing NFTs as an online version of collecting fine art. And collectors are ___28___ to put their money where their mouth is, paying thousands or even millions of dollars for NFTs.
As with fine art collecting, some people see purchasing NFTs as a(n) ___29___, buying art that they plan to sell at a higher price later. Others want the esteem (成就感) that comes with owning an NFT made by a famous ___30___. But given that a copy of an NFT is identical to the ___31___, the wisdom of paying massive amounts of money for one may seem ___32___.
On the other hand, the popularity of NFTs is ___33___ good news for the artists who create them. Upon selling their works as NFTs, artists receive much more than the small amounts of money they get when someone streams their video, for example. Some NFTs are even set up so that every time a work changes hands, the creator receives a percentage of the price. Thus, the artist can be paid for a single NFT many times over.
___34___ every NFT is unique, though some creators produce multiple very similar NFTs sort of like how multiple copies of any given trading card exist). ___35___ will tell whether NFT art will pay off for collectors in the long run, but for now it’s providing some people-including the artists with large sums of money.
21. A. regulation B. art C. skill D. trend
22. A. focuses on B. stands for C. points to D. consists in
23. A. replaced B. produced C. released D. covered
24. A. In a word B. In other words C. In contrast D. In conclusion
25. A. practically B. extremely C. eventually D. constantly
26. A. image B. database C. relationship D. benefit
27. A. activities B. performances C. communications D. deals
28. A. afraid B. eager C. willing D. doubtful
29. A. amusement B. investment C. donation D. hobby
30. A. creator B. craftsman C. official D. scientist
31. A. critical B. moderate C. final D. original
32. A. foolish B. intelligent C. questionable D. mysterious
33. A. generally B. definitely C. consequently D. specifically
34. A. Theoretically B. Objectively C. Honestly D. Strictly
35. A. Standard B. Money C. Time D. Technology
2.崇明区
When looking at ways to expand your business, does it make sense to go global The answer is yes — expanding to international markets helps companies grow, increases buying power and diversifies market opportunities. It better prepares the company for changes in the ____41____ economy. It can result in increased profits, a diverse customer base and improved stability.
Before the pandemic, ____42____ expansion almost always meant international travel. ____43____ bias (偏见) in some countries historically made business expansion difficult for women, and international travel can ____44____ the delicate work-life balance entrepreneurs (企业家) of both sexes strive to maintain.
The Covid-19 pandemic ____45____ global e-commerce and opportunities. The world is conducting business ____46____ with far more success than anticipated. This shift to business by the internet presents tremendous global opportunities for women as it effectively makes the situation ____47____.
Conducting business on the internet ____48____ the complications of gender, race, religion, color and lifestyle, simplifying business down to the principles of supply and demand. This opens more doors for growth and enables entrepreneurs to study potential markets and the buyer’s journey from the ____49____of their own office.
So, how can you accomplish successful international expansion First, identify your target market, and then develop an inbound marketing strategy.
This involves providing all the information your target consumers need on your _____50_____ so consumers can find you and research the answers to their initial questions on their own. With a defined inbound strategy, well-written content and social media outreach, you can bring _____51_____ buyers to you instead of continually searching for new buyers.
A vital part of your global inbound marketing strategy will be to translate important information from your website into your target consumer’s native language. Even if your target consumers are multilingual most _____52_____ to buy from sites that provide information in their native language.
Then how can you develop your inbound marketing strategy The first step is to select a market that _____53_____ your company goals and marketing strategy. Choose one country, one language, and develop a multilingual marketing strategy that defines your goals and prepares you to connect with prospective buyers. Once you create the plan and process for the first country, you can copy it when you’re ready to expand into _____54_____ markets.
You might believe that your business is too small to get involved with _____55_____ — but consider this: When you make use of the power of the internet, it doesn’t matter if your company is large or small. The key is to shift your focus from outbound to inbound marketing — and bring buyers to you.
41. A. booming B. domestic C. current D. industrial
42. A. rapid B. successful C. further D. global
43. A. Gender B. Media C. Cultural D. Political
44. A. keep B. upset C. promote D. restore
45. A. looks into B. breaks down C. speeds up D. responds to
46. A. desperately B. efficiently C. securely D. remotely
47. A. fair B. worse C. real D. reliable
48. A. increases B. promotes C. removes D. illustrates
49. A. angle B. comfort C. relief D. imagination
50. A. desk B. website C. shoulder D. market
51. A. qualified B. wealthy C. foreign D. optimistic
52. A. intend B. hesitate C. volunteer D. prefer
53. A. attaches to B. benefits from C. sees through D. agrees with
54. A. commercial B. additional C. overseas D. private
55. A. marketing B. financing C. exporting D. training
3.奉贤区
Bees have evolved to be skilled living builders that can build things many times their size. Bees inspired Mirko Kovac, a roboticist to develop a way to improve the flexibility of 3D printing. A ____21____ 3D printer is limited by the range of its nozzle (喷嘴), and can only make objects smaller than itself. Dr Kovac’s team has removed the ____22____ by giving the printer nozzle wings.
In the latest edition of Nature, Dr Kovac describes a system of flying robots that is composed of two types of drones: builders and scanners. The builders carry the 3D-printing nozzle. The scanners are robots equipped with cameras that are ____23____ for monitoring the progress of the builders.
In the building process, builders and scanners carry out their respective tasks and ____24____ printing and adjusting, layer by layer, until a structure is complete. First, a builder keeps flying over its area of operation and begins to release a jet of the building material. The choice of material is important—it must be lightweight enough for the drones to carry but ____25____ enough to hold the following layers that will be built on top. Once the builder robot has released a layer of material, the scanner robot flies over and ____26____ the progress. The system then computes the next layer that the builder should make, while also correcting for any error that might have been discovered in what has already been built. These could be errors made by the builder-drones or ____27____ in the expansion of the building material. At this point, people can also manually adjust the process, ____28____ and correcting course where necessary.
The researchers tested the system’s ____29____ by building both a large cylinder (圆柱体)and a small cylinder. The tasks were not simple. Making circles on top of other circles would not have worked, because the perfect match required in position would have been impractical to achieve. _____30_____, the builder robot printed winding circles that interleaved with(交错；嵌入) the layers above and below, to ensure maximum stability.
The cylinders built by Dr Kovac’s robots successfully meet the requirements of the British building codes. _____31_____ these robots have been shown to be capable of manufacturing, Dr Kovac says their main task will probably be, initially, in repair.
Because the flying robots can, in theory, operate anywhere, they could fix things in dangerous or otherwise _____32_____ places. Dr Kovac says that his robots could be used to _____33_____and seal leaks in pipelines or fix cracks on tall buildings. These robots could be _____34_____ to work more quickly, cheaply and with less risk to humans. Thinking more long term, Dr Kovac sees a _____35_____ future for his construction robots, building on the surfaces of the Moon or Mars. But what we can say for sure is that it will make a huge difference to construction on Earth.
21. A. typical B. latest C. precise D. popular
22. A. part B. characteristic C. limitation D. shortage
23. A. suitable B. responsible C. famous D. ready
24. A. go on B. work on C. take turns D. contribute to
25. A. massive B. stable C. strong D. flexible
26. A. makes B. improves C. inspects D. continues
27. A. misguidance B. imbalance C. misuse D. imperfection
28. A. changing B. supervising C. arranging D. measuring
29. A. features B. weaknesses C. capabilities D. responses
30. A. Moreover B. Meanwhile C. Otherwise D. Instead
31. A. Because B. While C. If D. After
32. A. remote B. unavailable C. inaccessible D. deserted
33. A. spot B. squeeze C. replace D. remove
34. A. inquired B. intended C. expanded D. assigned
35. A. vague B. demanding C. distant D. potential
4.虹口区
Does a reassuring touch on the back bring you comfort during a tough day A new study finds, when it comes to touching, people aren’t even ____21____ about who’s doing it. Researchers in Germany say the touch of a humanoid (人形的) robot makes people ____22____ and more likely to follow their requests.
Instead of being ____23____ on other humans, researchers are hoping that one day robots may be able to fulfill the roles of therapists, personal trainers, and even life coaches. Their study follows the widespread increase of touch ____24____ during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several studies have pointed out how physical distancing and isolation is creating a variety of negative effects that increase feelings of stress, depression, and anxiety.
In this research, 48 students engaged in a conversation with NAO – a programmable research robot. During the course, for some participants, the robot briefly and seemingly randomly ____25____ the back of the participant’s hand.
This differed from the design of other studies, which have relied on ____26____ touch. In response to the robot’s touch, most participants smiled and laughed, and none ____27____. Results show those who were touched were more likely to ____28____ the robot urging them to show interest in a particular academic course discussed during the conversation. Participants also reported a better ____29____ state after the robot’s tap on the hand. ____30____, students who were touched were more likely to give the robot a higher score for physical attractiveness (although these participants still only rated poor NAO a 2.5 out of 5 on average).
“A robot’s non-functional touch ____31____ to humans,” Laura Hoffmann from Ruhr University and her team write. “Slightly tapping human participants’ hands during a conversation resulted in better feelings and more compliance (依从) to the request of a humanoid robot.”
“It is remarkable that simple and brief tap on the back of participants’ hands showed such an effect. Involving more complex and ____32____ touching from a robot might increase engagement and compliance.”
As the researchers argue, this small study – one of the first to examine the ____33____ of robot-initiated touch – suggests that through the use of comforting touches, robot therapists could better ____34____ patients to engage in healthy activities such as exercise. However, they caution that much about human-robot ____35____ are complex, with there still more to be learned about the difference between human and robot touch.
21. A. curious B. crazy C. picky D. certain
22. A. happier B. freer C. more stressed D. more frightened
23. A. hard B. dependent C. impressed D. based
24. A. completion B. formation C. imagination D. starvation
25. A. watched B. patted C. cleaned D. blocked
26. A. human-initiated B. time-pressed C. technique-based D. goal-oriented
27. A. made out B. thought back C. pulled away D. set off
28. A. look over B. go along with C. take off D. stand up against
29. A. physical B. emotional C. financial D. social
30. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Still
31. A. matters B. sees C. relates D. gets
32. A. warmer B. longer C. more friendly D. more forceful
33. A. theory B. history C. trend D. potential
34. A. warn B. persuade C. force D. control
35. A. similarities B. conflicts C. constructions D. interactions
5.黄浦区
Colleges today often operate as machines for putting too many opportunities before already advantaged people. Our educational system focuses too much on helping students take the next step. But it does not give them adequate ___21___ in thinking about the substance of the lives toward which they are advancing. Many institutions today have ___22___ that it is an essential part of education to teach the young the art of choosing, and to train them to use ___23___ to decide which efforts deserve the investment of their lives.
We spent many years teaching on a college campus, trying to help students struggling with their confusion. Eventually, we sought to address this problem ___24___, by designing a course intended to introduce the young to the art of choosing. The course begins with Plato’s “Gorgias” — a messy dialogue that turns on a(n) ___25___ over whether the pursuit of virtue or of pleasure is the way to a good life. The dialogue ends ___26___; no one is satisfied. But with remarkable regularity, it ___27___ the kind of thinking that students need to better understand the choices that shape their lives.
Students’ first reaction to the “Gorgias” is disbelief, sometimes even horror. It is the dialogue’s ___28___ that alarms them: the idea that we can seriously argue about what represents the human good. Everything in their education has led them to believe that such arguments cannot bear fruit.
Most students are ___29___ to discover this art of choosing. Learning to reason about happiness is as delightful as discovering that one’s voice can be made to sing. Why, then, do institutions ____30____ teach it In some cases, intelligence members are encouraged to ____31____ specialized research rather than thinking about the good life. In others, they share the belief that feeling is a more ____32____ guide to happiness than the mind.
Colleges should self-consciously prioritize initiating students into a culture of ____33____ reflection on how to live. Doing so will hold them ____34____ performing their proper work: helping young people learn to give reasons for the choices that shape their lives and to ____35____ about the ends they pursue.
21. A. assistance B. protection C. recognition D. treatment
22. A. forgotten B. promised C. repeated D. responded
23. A. determination B. imagination C. memory D. reason
24. A. controversially B. effortlessly C. resistantly D. systematically
25. A. argument B. lecture C. performance D. session
26. A. automatically B. inconclusively C. indirectly D. unnecessarily
27. A. abuses B. awakens C. demonstrates D. echoes
28. A. assumption B. pattern C. progress D. variation
29. A. grateful B. quick C. reluctant D. shocked
30. A. commonly B. effectively C. rarely D. strictly
31. A. direct B. emphasize C. review D. sponsor
32. A. detailed B. formal C. qualified D. reliable
33. A. logical B. moral C. spiritual D. theoretical
34. A. eager for B. patient with C. responsible for D. skilled at
35. A. complain B. experiment C. question D. reflect
6.嘉定区
A New York state agency had just brought on a technician in its IT department to help update some of its aging computer systems. During the interview process, the candidate seemed like a(n)____21____ fit. He would be a real help to the team, the hiring manager had assured everyone. But by the end of the new guy’s first day on the job, it was clear something was wrong. He had____22____ technical literacy. He couldn’t even take directions. The hiring manager was confused: How could someone who seemed like such a strong candidate during the interview process turn out to be so____23____ At the end of her rope, the hiring manager turned to her supervisor for help. After listening to the situation, the supervisor gave an unexpected answer: The person who showed up to the job____24____ wasn’t the person who had been interviewed.
Job interviews are a crucial part of any organization, from government agencies to modern startups, when personal____25____ can allow candidates to convey their value better than they do on a resume (简历). But there’s a growing wave of candidates who are quietly trying to____26____ the system. According to a research, an increasing number of candidates are employing stand-ins to do the interviews and____27____ the job for them. The scheme goes by an interesting name: bait ( 诱饵) and switch. Bait-and-switch interviews appear particularly____28____ in IT fields. With more and more tech companies conducting job interviews through video chat and hiring employees who are permitted to work remotely. It’s easier than ever to pull off a bait and switch.
It’s impossible to_____29_____the number of bait-and-switch interviews that are taking panies and recruiters(招聘者) are often embarrassed to admit when they’ve been______30______. Even when bait and switchers get caught, companies are sometimes_____31_____ to accuse them. So there is no way of knowing the scale of the problem. Chris Mitchell, the senior vice president at the staffing firm Planet Technology, said unqualified hires were a tremendous____32____once they gained access to critical user data that could be mishandled. Organizations can have their reputation ruined,____33____can have their data stolen, and unwitting(不 知 情 的) coworkers are forced to clean up the mess.
Anyway, bait-and-switch interviews are a big problem — especially for a company that desperately______34______ capable talent. With no end in sight, employers are advised to keep an eye out for all their applicants and make sure that their interview process is enough to______35______ unqualified applicants from qualified ones.
21. A. poor B. loose C. ideal D. major
22. A. equal B. little C. basic D. adult
23. A. disrespectful B. miserable C. impatient D. incompetent
24. A. literally B. rigidly C. fortunately D. conventionally
25. A. correspondences B. interactions C. dedications D. boundaries
26. A. adopt B. stabilize C. cheat D. tackle
27. A. secure B. abandon C. exploit D. clarify
28. A. contradictory B. flexible C. identical D. widespread
29. A. advocate B. quantify C. divide D. maximize
30. A. diversified B. isolated C. tricked D. liberated
31. A. eager B. innocent C. decent D. reluctant
32. A. help B. leap C. risk D. experience
33. A. applicants B. customers C. supervisors D. inspectors
34. A. holds up B. calls for C. sets about D. takes over
35. A. discriminate B. remove C. distract D. shift
7.金山区
In 2007, a group of researchers began testing a concept that seems as if it would never need testing: Is more happiness always better than less The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a scale from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Although the “very happy” participants had brilliant social lives, they performed ____21____ in school than those who were merely “happy”.
The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshmen’s “cheerfulness” and ____22____ their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most ____23____ were not the highest earners. That distinction (荣誉) once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average.”
As with everything in life, happiness has its ____24____. Pursuing happiness to the exclusion of other goals-known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义)—is____25____. It gives a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are ____26____ to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning.
When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, ____27____ how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequence of the failure itself. This is similar to the way that discomfort with ____28____ causes more anxiety than guaranteed bad news. To ____29____ these bad feelings, people give up kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure.
However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, _____30_____ make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater _____31_____ than a life played safe, as the studies above suggested.
None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. _____32_____, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. Making the pursuit of positive feelings your highest or only goal, however, is a costly life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so _____33_____ many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the _____34_____we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.”
Though pain should never be anyone’s goal, each of us can strive for a rich life in which we not only seek the sunshine but fully ____35____ the rain that inevitably falls as well. This is the paradox (悖论) of being fully alive.
21. A. unwillingly B. unpleasantly C. admirably D. incredibly
22. A. generated B. increased C. tracked D. drained
23. A. joyful B. wealthy C. successful D. distinctive
24. A. advantage B. balance C. opportunity D. preference
25. A. fruitful B. significant C. priceless D. rewardless
26. A. desperate B. hesitant C. likely D. tempted
27. A. centers on B. works on C. takes on D. passes on
28. A. performance B. discipline C. uncertainty D. ignorance
29. A. conceal B. create C. tolerate D. avoid
30. A. necessarily B. inevitably C. similarly D. deliberately
31. A. fascination B. rewards C. depression D. challenges
32. A. On the contrary B. That is to say C. For instance D. In turn
33. A. harvests B. encounters C. designs D. sacrifices
34. A. happiness B. wealth C. dishonor D. suffering
35. A. escape B. predict C. experience D. produce
8.静安区
According to a Gallup World Poll, 1.1 billion people want to move temporarily to another country in the hope of finding more profitable jobs. An additional 630 million people would like to move abroad permanently.
The global desire to leave home arises from poverty and necessity, but it also grows out of a belief that such mobility is possible. People who hold fast to this universal ____21____ assume that individuals can and should be feel at home anywhere in the world and that they need not be ____22____ to any particular place. This view was once regarded as a negative product of the industrialization but is now accepted as central to a(n) ____23____ economy.
It leads to opportunity and profits, but it also has high ____24____ costs. According to a long research into the emotions and experiences of immigrants (移民) and migrants, many people who leave home in search of better prospects can’t avoid feeling ____25____ although few speak openly of the substantial pain of leaving home.
Such tolerance of emotional suffering became common among mobile Americans in the 20th century, and represented a(n) ____26____ from the past. In the 19th century, Americans of all groups, pioneers, soldiers and the millions of immigrants who streamed into the nation, loudly complained that moving was emotionally ____27____. Medical journals explored the condition, often referring to it by its clinical name: nostalgia (思乡).
Today, discussions of nostalgia are rare, for the emotion is typically regarded by individuals as an embarrassing block to progress and prosperity. The ____28____ makes mobility appear misleadingly easy.
Technology also tricks us into thinking that mobility is ____29____. The comforting vision of ____30____ offered by technology makes moving seem less consequential, since “one is always just a mouse click or a phone call away”.
But such a claim was ____31____ optimistic, for homesickness continued to hurt many who migrated. The ____32____ that phone calls and the Internet provide means that those away from home can know exactly what they are missing the exact moment and how it is happening. It gives the impression that one can be in two places at once but it also highlights the ____33____ of that assumption.
The persistence of homesickness points to the limitations of the universal philosophy that strengthens so much of our market and society. The idea that we can and should feel at home any place on the globe is based on a worldview that celebrates the independent, mobile individual and takes it for granted that men and women are easily separated from family, from home and from the past. But this view isn’t ____34____ our emotions, for our attachment to home, although often ____35____, is strong and enduring.
21. A. subject B. wealth C. vision D. exchange
22. A. transferred B. tied C. reduced D. bridged
23. A. globalized B. intense C. exporting D. degrading
24. A. transporting B. domestic C. psychological D. administrative
25. A. displaced B. suspected C. abused D. monitored
26. A. guidance B. emergency C. departure D. justification
27. A. misleading B. wearing C. resisting D. facilitating
28. A. silence B. restriction C. obstacle D. emotion
29. A. temporary B. traditional C. painless D. formal
30. A. priority B. alert C. connection D. privacy
31. A. overly B. ultimately C. critically D. narrowly
32. A. advancement B. suffering C. immediacy D. variety
33. A. impossibility B. diversity C. distraction D. scale
34. A. in line with B. in addition to C. in honor of D. in need of
35. A. distributed B. underestimated C. illustrated D. identified
9.闵行区
In this world of rapid changes, everything seems to be possible. There will eventually come a day when the New York Times stops ____41____ stories on paper. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.
Nostalgia (怀旧) as people are for ink on paper, there are plenty of reasons to ____42____ print. The basic facilities required to make a ____43____ newspaper—printing presses, delivery trucks — isn’t just expensive. Readers are keeping away from print anyway. And though print advertisement sales still ____44____ their online and mobile counterparts, income from print is still declining.
Cost may be high and circulation lower but rushing to ____45____ its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Petretti.
Petretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to speed up that ____46____ would make sense for them,” he said, ‘‘but if you discontinue it, you’re going to have your most faithful customers really upset with you.”
Sometimes that’s well worth ____47____ anyway. Petretti gives the example of Netflix ____48____ its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming (流媒体). “It was once seen as a(n) ____49____,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. “If I were in charge at the Times, I wouldn’t pick a year to_____50_____ print,” Petretti said, “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product, which has some advantage over a modern product, making it appealing for customers to keep it around.”
As a matter of fact, the most loyal customers would still get the product they _____51_____. The idea goes, and they’d feel like that they were helping maintain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re _____52_____ print, you could feel like that you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional _____53_____.” In other words, if you’re going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital-only _____54_____.
“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Petretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that. We’re doing things that don’t make sense when the market _____55_____ and so does the world. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.
41. A. commenting B. publishing C. initiating D. describing
42. A. restore B. promote C. stimulate D. abandon
43. A. physical B. influential C. worthy D. profitable
44. A. follow B. transfer C. overtake D. outlook
45. A. reverse B. eliminate C. maintain D. evaluate
46. A. transition B. existence C. application D. isolation
47. A. playing safe B. following a general rule C. keeping to a routine D. making a definite change
48. A. stimulating B. discontinuing C. regulating D. fulfilling
49. A. achievement B. tendency C. opportunity D. mistake
50. A. sponsor B. fund C. end D. establish
51. A. favour B. facilitate C. share D. afford
52. A. benefiting from B. referring to C. overpaying for D. trying out
53. A. identity B. variation C. loyalty D. income
54. A. subscription B. advancement C. policy D. technology
55. A. shrinks B. changes C. emerges D. dominates
10.普陀区
What do you know about fashion The fashion industry, which has become one of the most ____21____ to the planet, is having a moment of punishment. But which changes make a difference, and which ones just ____22____ in the wash In fact, the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry, the most environmentally unfriendly industry.
A friend of mine ____23____ an antique clothes store in the north of London. Business has been good for many years, which makes her acquire a large fortune. Every few weeks, she visits a vast storehouse on the edge of the city to go through piles of clothing. Most of it is ____24____, but if you know what you are looking for, there are raw diamonds. The storehouse has a long history. It was once a clearing house for the low-quality wool scraps(碎料) that were used to make cheap clothing for the ____25____ in Victorian Britain. A century on, ____26____ has changed. Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products, all ____27____ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world. Except that this stuff is going to be burned or buried, not being reused.
The items are the products of an industry that, in the past 30 years, has become one of the most successful and also most ____28____ on the planet. Known as fast fashion, it has filled our wardrobes(衣柜) with cheap and cheerful clothes. But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in ____29____ with fundamental environmental limits and there is widespread agreement – even from within the industry – that it is time to ______30______. Otherwise, “Fast fashion” creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.
“The fashion industry represents a key environmental ______31______,” says Kirsi Niinim ki at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland. “Eventually, the long-term stability of the fashion industry ______32______ the total abandonment of the fast-fashion model.” Like fast food, fast fashion is all about instant ______33______ on the cheap.
One wonders: What can we do about it Don’t you have any clothes on It’s not that ______34______. More importantly, don’t waste, learn to control your desires and ______35______ falling into this “Fast fashion” lifestyle. As the guardian columnist Lucy Seagal once said, the “Fast fashion” industry is profit-driven, but consumers who have experienced “over-consumption” will naturally grow tired of it, and the market will have its choice.
21. A. convincing B. interesting C. confusing D. damaging
22. A. carry out B. come out C. set out D. break out
23. A. builds B. runs C. supports D. controls
24. A. expensive B. useless C. worthless D. attractive
25. A. businessmen B. children C. locals D. masses
26. A. little B. few C. much D. many
27. A. on behalf of B. in the form of C. for the sake of D. in terms of
28. A. effective B. destructive C. preventive D. alternative
29. A. quarrel B. argument C. fight D. conflict
30. A. tell the truth B. hit the brakes C. pave the way D. break the ice
31. A. threat B. effect C. problem D. protection
32. A. results from B. consists of C. brings about D. relies on
33. A. ambition B. action C. satisfaction D. attraction
34. A. far B. extreme C. bad D. complex
35. A. enjoy B. imagine C. miss D. avoid
11.青浦区
If people actually embrace the concept of stress, it can make them stronger, smarter and happier, a Stanford expert says.
One reason why how you think about stress matters is that it changes how you ____21____ stress. Viewing stress as ____22____ leads people to cope in ways that are less helpful, whether it’ s dragging your feet to avoid stress, or imagining worst- case scenes.
____23____, viewing stress more positively seems to encourage people to cope in ways that help them thrive, whether it’s tackling the source of stress, ____24____ social support or finding meaning in it.
Choosing to see the upside of stress isn’t about ____25____ the fact that stress can be harmful. It’ s about trying to balance your mindset so that you feel less overwhelmed and ____26____ about the fact that your life is stressful. Psychologists have found that the ability to embrace stress requires a high ____27____ for uncertainty. You have to be able to understand that two ____28____ opposite things can be true at the same time. It can be true that ____29____ something stressful can make you sick or depressed, and it can also be true that the same stressful experience can ultimately make you stronger, more compassionate and more resilient over time.
Stress is most likely to be harmful when the following conditions are_____30_____: it feels against your will, out of your control and utterly lacking in meaning. If you can _____31_____ any of these conditions — by finding some meaning in it — you can reduce the harmful effects of stress.
Rather than being a sign that something is wrong with your life, feeling stressed can be a( n) _____32_____ of how engaged you are in activities and relationships that are personally meaningful.
One simple mindset reset that can help us face and find the good in the stress in our lives is to view it as a( n) _____33_____to learn and grow. The ability to learn from stress is_____34_____ into the basic biology of the stress response. This is why putting people through practice stress is a key _____35_____ technique for NASA astronauts, emergency responders, elite athletes and others who have to thrive under high levels of stress.
21. A. contribute to B. agree to C. respond to D. object to
22. A. beneficial B. distracting C. reliable D. harmful
23. A. In fact B. In contrast C. What’s more D. After all
24. A. seeking B. arousing C. requiring D. embracing
25. A. draining B. analyzing C. reversing D. denying
26. A. confused B. unfortunate C. hopeless D. serious
27. A. tolerance B. demand C. anxiety D. preference
28. A. generally B. seemingly C. inevitably D. significantly
29. A. putting off B. coming up with C. taking care of D. going through
30. A. present B. controversial C. constant D. equal
31. A. mask B. alter C. enhance D. trace
32. A. code B. origin C. monument D. indicator
33. A. vacancy B. substitute C. opportunity D. illustration
34. A. turned B. built C. broken D. divided
35. A. instrumental B. conflicting C. intentional D. training
12.松江区
The invention of the printing press eventually led to our modern world.
What does the printing press do and why is it important
A printing press is any form of technology that applies pressure between an inked surface and a print medium (like paper or cloth). ___41___, it is a means of transferring ink from an inked surface to the medium.
The modern printing press was an enormous improvement on the ___42___ system. People used to record by hand using a “pen” and ink or brushing and rubbing repeatedly to achieve ink transfer. Such methods were historically used primarily for texts, which ___43___ a small circulation (流通) and a high prize.
However, the invention of the printing press ___44___ bookmaking and distribution around the world. As the prices of book production fell, less wealthy members of society could suddenly gain access to this former ___45___ item.
Where was the printing press invented
When someone mentions the printing press, the western world will ___46___ think of Johannes Guttenberg’s revolution in the 15th Century. While his invention was a(n) ___47___, it wasn’t the first printing press to be developed.
Actually, its initiation stretches back to the 3rd Century in a small number of areas, with its ___48___ into wide use during the Tang Dynasty.
Despite this fact, Guttenberg ___49___ his place in history for the fantastic mass-production of books for the first time. Before his invention, ideas were spread in a(n) ____50____ process. That effectively meant access to the printed world was limited to those who could ____51____ its high price.
Did the Chinese invent the printing press
The earliest copy of The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》) was discovered inside a cave near Dunhuang, which was printed in the 9th Century. This text is described as “the earliest complete ____52____ of a dated printed book”. Its discovery ____53____ what the westerners thought they knew about the development of the printing press.
Printing process was heavily ____54____ in the 11th Century after Bi Sheng, who was born into a common family, developed a form of early movable type. Although little else is known about Bi, his ____55____ method of producing hundreds of individual characters was a huge stepping-stone on the path to the modern printing press.
41. A. For example B. By contrast C. In other words D. As a result
42. A. repetitive B. progressive C. recordable D. previous
43. A. featured B. eliminated C. reversed D. promoted
44. A. discharged B. revolutionized C. prioritized D. implemented
45. A. vigor B. luxury C. visible D. plain
46. A. neutrally B. jealously C. instinctively D. distressingly
47. A. insight B. downturn C. outburst D. breakthrough
48. A. restriction B. investigation C. perception D. adaptation
49. A. deserves B. insists C. forecasts D. strengthens
50. A. time-limited B. tech-addicted C. effort-consuming D. money-saving
51. A. impact B. afford C. revise D. boast
52. A. destruction B. renewal C. survival D. motivation
53. A. inherited B. declared C. misled D. rewrote
54. A. modeled B. fueled C. industrialized D. suspended
55. A. innovative B. unimpressive C. abnormal D. conventional
13.徐汇区
Are you a digital hoarder
Most people are familiar with hoarding (囤积) and the psychological issues associated with it. Hoarding leads to messy homes and difficulty ____21____ with items that you don’t use and don’t even need. But hoarding can also occur in the digital world.
Digital hoarding, also known as e-hoarding, is too much acquisition and ____22____ to delete electronic material no longer valuable to the user. Most computer users save digital files to some extent, and that’s expected. With digital hoarding, however, the act of saving the files becomes an uncontrollable ____23____. Digital hoarders may collect emails, photos, articles, podcasts, or any type of computer files they believe they may want to revisit in the future, and ultimately, in most cases, they ____24____ get to actually use it or listen to it or read it.
Digital hoarding also occurs when someone is too ____25____ to the data even to consider getting rid of it. This can include chats and photos of an old partner, ____26____ sent by a long-lost friend, or even screenshots collected several years ago.
Researchers have ____27____ digital hoarders into 4 different types, according to their characteristics. “Collectors” are organized, ____28____ and in control of their data. “Accidental hoarders”, also called “____29____ or disorganized hoarders”, don’t intentionally save unnecessary data. They just don’t know how to organize it. “The hoarders by instruction” keep data on behalf of their company (even when they could delete much of it). Finally, “anxious hoarders” have strong emotional ____30____ to their data — and are worried about deleting it.
The problem has only gotten worse since we have more ____31____ to digital storage than ever. In addition, cloud storage makes it incredibly easy to purchase more storage as needed. With ____32____ cloud space, it’s logical when network users don’t think twice about saving files.
However, studies found that digital hoarders experience increased levels of stress and now researchers are observing that the negative consequences of digital hoarding may be similar to those of ____33____ hoarding. ____34____, it’s important to set time aside to have a good clear-out, in the same way we do in the physical world. By organizing and ____35____ useless files in a regular way, people with this problem can ease some of their distress and clear their own mind as well.
21. A. stocking B. binding C. living D. parting
22. A. reluctance B. eagerness C. perspective D. fantasy
23. A. obstacle B. boost C. urge D. stream
24. A. substantially B. frequently C. autonomously D. rarely
25. A. transmitted B. closed C. attached D. assigned
26. A. flowers B. texts C. gifts D. letters
27. A. regulated B. categorized C. integrated D. stimulated
28. A. rigid B. generous C. patriotic D. systematic
29. A. disengaged B. enthusiastic C. reliable D. discriminated
30. A. appeals B. conflicts C. issues D. ties
31. A. access B. concern C. desire D. excuse
32. A. multiple B. secure C. limitless D. meaningless
33. A. massive B. regular C. casual D. physical
34. A. Instead B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore
35. A. making use of B. taking care of C. getting rid of D. getting used to
14.浦东新区
Online Arts
Fancy an evening at the theatre but can’t face sitting there for hours Theatre companies will happily offer live performances online. Want to see a band but____41____by the high ticket prices No worries. Many mainstream bands allow their concerts to be____42____free of charge. Now galleries are getting____43____too, enabling sofa-bound art lovers to wander around the world’s greatest art institutions, all in high resolution(分辨率) and without fear of getting sore feet. But is it really the same as seeing paintings in the flesh I decided to find out.
I head to the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid one of my favourite galleries. I enjoy myself racing past sculptures and staring at various portraits in a manner that I would disapprove of were I actually there. There’s a lot to be said for ____44____art this way. Admission is free and there aren’t any queues. ____45____, you won’t have to tolerate the noise of fellow visitors as they loudly broadcast their knowledge of the oil paintings on exhibit.
But it’s no____46____for the real thing. Billions of pixels(像素) ____47____to accurately transmit the scale or colour or atmosphere of a painting or convey the sense of wonder you feel when standing in front of it. And only in a gallery do you have the opportunity to____48____the rest of the world, engage with a work and view it in context. My enduring thought, while I am walking around the Museo Reina Sofia____49____, is how much nicer it would be if I were literally in Madrid.
____50____in almost all its forms is meant to be a shared experience, whether you are sitting in an opera house or wandering around a gallery. It is also a ritual, one that is about so much more than the cultural event itself. Often the pleasure is as much in the____51____as the execution (执行). Remove the preparation part where you imagine how it will be, and you____52____a vital part of the experience.
Lying on the sofa, with computers, phones and remote controls readily____53____, is something I routinely do. But when it comes to art appreciation, even a lazy man like me can recognise the basic____54____to leave the house. Ultimately it’s a bit like watching holidays on TV. Yes, you can cut out the sweat and the aching legs. By staying at home, you can stare at the locals without embarrassment and____55____the finest views. But it’s just not the same if you can’t feel the sun on your face.
41. A. handed down B. taken off C. put off D. locked down
42. A. streamed B. converted C. scanned D. moderated
43. A. prioritized B. stuck C. paid D. involved
44. A. recreating B. viewing C. integrating D. relaying
45. A. Plus B. Instead C. Hence D. However
46. A. boundary B. blame C. substitute D. scheme
47. A. neglect B. guarantee C. proceed D. fail
48. A. shut out B. stock up C. correspond with D. intervene in
49. A. identically B. digitally C. respectively D. ultimately
50. A. Identity B. Travelling C. Art D. Fantasy
51. A. conservation B. exception C. duration D. anticipation
52. A. take away B. engage with C. bring out D. object to
53. A. inevitable B. accessible C. adaptable D. reversible
54. A. assurance B. level C. way D. requirement
55. A. take in B. wait for C. adjust to D. emphasize on
15.杨浦区
The human memory is phenomenally strong. It also has a habit of getting things badly wrong. According to Jonathan Hancock, our memory expert, faulty memories can be ___41___ revealing.
Just last week,___42___, my wife and I were discussing how we’d chosen our youngest son’s name. I had a ___43___ memory of us writing out a list of possible names, but stopping after just a few because we’d spotted one we both loved.
My wife ___44___. In her memory, we’d had a much longer list, and gone back and chosen one from the middle of the list.
So we dug out the piece of paper we’d used-and found that we’d actually done something completely ___45___ to choose Nate’s name
Memory mistakes happen on a larger scale, too. The “Mandela Effect” is when lots of people have confident recollections that turn out to be ___46___. It was named by researchers who were discussing their strong memories of Nelson Mandela’s death in prison-when he actually lived for 23 years after his ___47___.
There are plenty of other examples of this phenomenon. If you’re sure that you remember seeing the Monopoly Man wearing a spyglass, for instance, or hearing a wicked queen say “Mirror, mirror on the wall,” you’ve ___48___ it yourself (he doesn’t, and she says, “Magic mirror on the wall”___49___).
So what’s going on Well, for starters, memory often works by ___50___, and similar bits of information can overlap in our brains. We’re also good at “filling in the blanks” with details that are logical but untrue. What’s more, whenever we run through a memory, we make it stronger—___51___ any bits that were wrong.
But there’s plenty of good news here, too.
Everyone misremembers. We shouldn’t be too hard on ourselves when we make mistakes. The mental associations that sometimes lead to ___52___ can also help us to find information otherwise difficult to locate.
If you’re ___53___ with someone’s name, try thinking of things you associate with them, and see if your brain gets the push it needs.
Discussing your memories is great mental exercise. It highlights strengths and weaknesses, and lets you learn tips from others.
___54___ memories often builds a much more accurate picture. That was certainly true for my wife and me.
Make sure to remember that remembering is a creative ___55___: mind-blowingly powerful, and also likely to make mistakes.
41. A. subsequently B. extremely C. rarely D. instantly
42 A. on the contrary B. for example C. in addition D. by the way
43. A. faint B. smart C. painful D. vivid
44. A. inferred B. hesitated C. confirmed D. disagreed
45. A. different B. subjective C. primitive D. contradictory
46. A. wrong B. consistent C. substantial D. right
47. A. rejection B. release C. imprisonment D. movement
48. A. experienced B. witnessed C. anticipated D. spread
49. A. though B. finally C. instead D. otherwise
50. A. conservation B. separation C. facilitation D. association
51. A. excluding B. regarding C. including D. considering
52. A. errors B. trials C. facts D. data
53. A. competing B. struggling C. corresponding D. exchanging
54. A. Attaining B. Boosting C. Perceiving D. Comparing
55. A. component B. phase C. outcome D. process
16.长宁区
Beside pencil sharpeners and calendars in classrooms throughout Minnesota’s Lakeville Area Schools, there are now big blue boxes with a red button and the word POLICE. The button sends a text message to emergency correspondents, alerts the rest of the school to potential danger, and ___21___ 1,200 pounds of magnetic (磁性的) force to keep the door shut.
It’s one of the measures that Michael Baumann has employed to ___22___ the schools in his district and protect against active shooters since he became supervisor in 2017. He hired four more advisers to improve mental-health services. He established a team to monitor ___23___ threats of violence. He spent $14.4 million installing the emergency-alert system and building panels into walls that are designed to stop bullets—all ___24___ helping students and teachers survive an active shooter.
“Everybody goes to bed and thinks, ‘That’ll never happen in my school district. ‘ Well, I can tell you as a supervisor, that’s the ___25___ dream,” says Baumann, who previously served in the Army. “I felt like it was my ___26___ to do what I could.”
Fear of shootings has turned school security into a ___27___ industry. The market for school-security equipment and services reached $2.7 billion in 2017, according to a report by the research firm Omdia. That was before the 2018 shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla., further increased the focus on security measures at schools.
The school shooting in Uvalde, Texas, on May 24 this year has restarted the discussion about whether safety measures at schools can ___28___ mass shootings. And many politicians, after indicating that they are ___29___ to support gun-safety lawmaking, have argued instead that heightened physical security measures are necessary to prevent future attacks.
____30____ , experts say it’s not clear that such measures actually make schools safer. Research shows that the number of deadly shootings at schools has increased since 2012, during a period in which protective measures also ____31____ . There also isn’t clear evidence that school resource officers (SROs) improve safety. SROs were ____32____ in Uvalde and in Parkland before the gunmen entered the schools, but failed to stop those shootings.
“When we add metal detectors, observation cameras, increased police presence, active-shooter drills, and we turn schools into this mix of castles and ____33____ ,” says Bryan Warnick, an education professor at Ohio State University.
Although many school districts invest in security in the hopes of preventing shootings, some worry that reinforcing schools ultimately makes ____34____ responsible for solving the gun-violence outbreak.
“Schools are ____35____ with trainings and new procedures,” Warnick says. “It’s a larger social problem of easy access to guns, of lack of access to mental-health care.”
21. A. reserves B. sustains C. activates D. balances
22. A. construct B. harden C. reopen D. finance
23. A. potential B. immediate C. mental D. empty
24. A. stood for B. depended on C. referred to D. aimed at
25. A. vivid B. horrible C. curious D. foolish
26. A. responsibility B. freedom C. instruction D. recreation
27. A. state-run B. high-tech C. booming D. domestic
28. A. monitor B. witness C. maintain D. cease
29. A. reluctant B. supposed C. delighted D. regretful
30. A. Instead B. However C. Meanwhile D. Therefore
31. A. relaxed B. withdrew C. expanded D. survived
32. A. on the scene B. behind time C. at a loss D. in return
33. A. hospitals B. prisons C. police station D. fire department
34. A. markets B. communities C. psychologists D. educators
35. A. secured tightly B. supported greatly C. turned upside down D. reformed more or less
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