中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
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专题0
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阅读理解A篇
-2023年上海十六区高三英语一模汇编
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1.宝山区
Jailbreaking commonly refers to unlocking iOS for iPhones and iPads. Seventeen-year-old George Hotz, or geohot as he liked to be called, was the first person to jailbreak an iPhone. He accomplished his feat in 2007, and many others followed his lead.
Jailbreaking an iPhone offers some distinct benefits. With a jailbroken iPhone, you have numerous ways to change any setting to suit your needs. You can also alter the look and feel of the phone so that it matches your personality. Another advantage of jailbreaking for iPhone users is the ability to install apps not offered in Apple’s App Store. Cydia, an alternative app store for jailbroken iOS devices, offers a variety of apps, some of which cost more than others.
Before jailbreaking your iPhone, you should consider the consequences. Jailbreaking immediately voids (使无效) your iPhone’s warranty, which means that Apple is no longer required to fix your phone if something goes wrong. Jailbreaking also exposes you to the dangers associated with alternative apps. Poor quality apps from alternative app stores may cause your iPhone to crash more often or stop working altogether. After jailbreaking your iPhone, you must also be careful not to allow Apple to install new software on your phone.
Apple naturally discourages its customers from jailbreaking their iPhones. According to the company, jailbreaking doesn’t just affect the security and stability of an iPhone. It can also shorten the phone’s battery life. For many people, this is an important consideration.
36. Which aspects of jailbreaking does the article discuss
A. The ways in which jailbreaking can save people time
B. The positives and negatives associated with jailbreaking
C. The clients who got into legal trouble for jailbreaking
D. The best and worst techniques for jailbreaking phones
37. What does the article imply about the first person to jailbreak an iPhone
A. He apologized for his actions. B. He produced hardware designs.
C. He gave himself a nickname. D. He was turned down for a job.
38. From this article, what can readers learn about the products offered by Cydia
A. Their prices vary somewhat. B. Their inventors are quite young.
C. They’re still manufactured abroad. D. They take only a few moments to install.
39. According to Apple, what might happen after a person jailbreaks his or her iPhone
A. It might need a new camera stand. B. It might become harder to sell.
C. It might be easily damaged by water. D. It might use up its battery faster.
2.崇明区
Francis Kéré appears on the screen in a loose white Oxford shirt and an enormous, slightly amazed smile. “Can you imagine ” the newest Pritzker Architecture Prize winner says. “I was born in a little village in Burkina Faso where there was no school then. And my father wanted me to learn how to read and write very simply because then I could then translate or read him his letters.”
The first African winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize had already received numerous awards in his field, but Kéré was as surprised as anyone else to be selected for the field’s most famous prize. “Francis Kéré is pioneering architecture — sustainable to the earth and its inhabitants — in lands of extreme scarcity,” said committee chair, Tom Pritzker, in a statement. “He is equally architect and servant, improving upon the lives and experiences of countless citizens in a region of the world that is at times forgotten. Through buildings that demonstrate beauty, modesty, boldness and invention, Kéré gracefully deserves this Prize.”
Kéré says his architectural practice was inspired by his own experience attending school with around 100 other children in a region where temperatures are regularly higher than 100 degrees Fahrenheit. “You will sit and it’s very hot inside,” he said. “And there was no light, while outside, the sunlight was strong and in my head the idea one day grew that as an adult, I should make it better. I was thinking about space, about room, about how I can feel better.”
In his designs for Gando Primary School and Naaba Belem Goumma Secondary School in Burkina Faso, Kéré drew on traditional building materials and emphasized shade and shadows with well-ventilated (通风良好的) spaces that reduce the need for air conditioning.
When he was twenty, in 1985, Kéré earned a vocational scholarship to study carpentry in Berlin. But while absorbed in the practicality of roofing and furniture making, he also attended night school and was admitted to Technische Universit t Berlin, from which he graduated in 2004 with an advanced degree in architecture. He was still a student when he designed and built Gando Primary School. It turned out to be a springboard for his career and still guides his ethos (理念) today.
56. Which of the following is a reason for Kéré’s winning the Pritzker Architecture Prize
A. His designs are innovative and eco-friendly.
B. He’s received plenty of awards in architecture.
C. His designs mainly consist of school buildings.
D. He’s good at using new materials in his architecture.
57. ________ acts as a stimulus to Kéré’s becoming an architect.
A. His study of carpentry in Berlin B. His hometown’s extremely hot whether
C. His parents’ expectations of him D. His uncomfortable experience at school
58. ________ helps Kéré establish his status in architecture.
A. His design of Gando Primary School B. His research in Technische Universit t Berlin
C. His love for nature and his hometown D. His commitment to the development of Africa
59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Francis Kéré: a True Pioneer in African Architecture
B. Francis Kéré: a Great African Contributor to Architecture
C. Francis Kéré: the First African to Win Architecture’s Top Award
D. Francis Kéré: the First African Winner of Awards in Architecture
3.奉贤区
If I have a goal in life, it isn’t to be driving a Rolls-Royce. It’s to be giving away more than $1,000,000 a year and having an impact on people’s lives. I have the success today because I always had to work for what I wanted. I grew up accustomed to risks and disappointments, so I was used to moving forward, no matter what.
In 2008, I went to Los Angeles where I tried to get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial broker. Unfortunately, all these doors slammed in my face. The world’s economy was in a bad state, so I knew I would have to do a little spinning of my own.
Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word “can’t” wasn’t in my vocabulary. I partnered with a friend buying distressed multifamily properties around Houston. Even though we were enthusiastic and backed with start-up sums, I didn’t make a deal work. My friend moved on to other projects. Alone, I put all my money into the next real-estate project. I put the time in, I dreamed it, but once again the deal fell through. Two months later, though, the deal came back around. That was when the path opened, luck changed, and I was ready to form my own company. I haven’t looked back. Only ahead.
I’m now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500,000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases. We also support a lot of services for disadvantaged children in Houston and other places.
I have always been someone who can see the big picture and have never been distracted by things that get in the way. There are lessons to be learned, and the biggest of those is to keep going. You may have to change the path, but always keep that vision in front of you.
36. Which of the following about the author is true
A. He donated a lot of money to improve his company’s image.
B. He often encountered difficulties in the process of growing up.
C. He started his own company together with a friend.
D. He changed jobs several times while in Los Angeles.
37. By saying “do a little spinning of my own” in the second paragraph, the author probably means he would_____________.
A. look for a part-time job independently B. make his contributions to the economy
C. give in to the disappointing reality D. be self-employed to develop his career
38. Which quality of the author is not shown in the passage
A. Perseverance. B. Optimism. C. Innocence. D. Kindness.
39. Which one is probably the best title of the passage
A. Saying No to “Turning Back” B. Tips for a Successful Business
C. Jumping over Economic Downturns D. A Life-time Pursuit of Dream
4.虹口区
I know people who say they don’t watch television, and I always nod and agree. Reading requires intelligence, and television is merely entertainment, right
I’m going to Scotland this year, and three different people told me I must watch “Outlander” before I go, which is like “Game of Thrones” for fans of romance novels. I watched the first four hourlong episodes back to back. When I stood up from the couch I felt sick, and it wasn’t just the cookies, popcorn and peanut butter sandwiches I’d had without noticing. It was dark outside, and I felt ashamed. I had spent half a day on the couch. Research for Scotland Not exactly.
A few days later I had a library book due: The National Book Award winner The Friend, by Sigrid Nunez. I needed to finish it, so I read the last half straight through. I was absorbed in Nunez’s New York City, worrying about the heroin’s career and her future. I finished the book with tears in my eyes and stood up feeling, well, great.
I had wasted another four hours on my couch. I hadn’t eaten as much junk food because I needed my hands free—and not sticky—so I could turn pages and return the book to the library relatively clean, but I hadn’t moved and once again it was dark outside. Why did I feel so much better and guilt-free
All the research says reading a book is good for you. It reduces stress, promotes comprehension and imagination, relieves depression, helps you sleep and may contribute to preventing Alzheimer’s. The act of physically turning a page creates a momentary pause for understanding to sink in. Our brains have to work to translate the black squiggles (弯弯曲曲的线条) on the page into words and then interpret the meaning and intent of those words. When a character is described as tall with brown hair, a reader creates her own picture. TV takes all that imagination away.
But there’s a lot of good TV now. I’d like to say the answer to TV versus books must be, as Aristotle said, “Moderation in all things,” though he never had a television or a computer and had to read his scrolls (长卷纸) by candlelight. I agree that too much television is bad for you. I know I feel better if I read, but it won’t stop me from watching too: My second DVD of “Outlander” has just arrived, and as soon as I get this essay done, the rest of my day is free.
36. By “I always nod and agree” (paragraph 1), the author implies that _______.
A. she should be polite to get the conversation to go on
B. she is reluctant to admit that she watches television
C. she believes those who say they don’t watch TV
D. she doesn’t think highly of TV either
37. The phrase “back to back” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “_______”.
A. from morning till night B. one after another without a break
C. leaning against the back of the couch D. looking at the opposite direction
38. The author felt better after reading The Friend than watching “Outlander”, most probably because _______.
A. she didn’t feel hungry for any snacks
B. the TV series got her to cancel her trip to Scotland
C. the television series was no more attractive than the book
D. she regarded reading as more rewarding than watching TV
39. What can be concluded from all the research introduced in paragraph 5
A. Reading is active while watching TV is passive.
B. Reading involves physical exercises while watching TV doesn’t.
C. Reading stimulates the brain to concentrate while watching TV doesn’t.
D. Reading is good for one’s mental health while watching TV is bad for it.
5.黄浦区
Julia Whelan climbed into the recording room in her home office. In preparation, she had avoided alcohol the night before, had avoided milk since waking at 6 a.m. and had run through the warm-up voice exercises.
Whelan, 38, is the calm, confident female voice behind more than 400 other audiobooks, as well as the narrated versions(叙事版本) of many articles. Once she has taken on a project, she reads through the book once or twice, deciding on themes to highlight when she gets into the recording room by using different tones and accents, and emphasizing certain words. “Narrating a book really is a performance,” she said, “and it can be harder to do than acting, because I can’t use my eyes or facial expressions to convey something to the audience.”
As she spent time subsuming herself in the writing of others, she began to think more about her own creative ambitions. Just before the pandemic, she began “Thank You for Listening,” combining her writing with the experiences she has collected as a narrator.
Writers say that Whelan has helped them understand their own work. “When I listen to Julia read my stories, it sounds like she is calling you over to tell you a great story,” said Nuzzi, whose work has been narrated by Whelan. “When I write now, I try to think like that, that I am calling a reader over to tell him a great story. It has completely changed my approach.” Whelan said that she also learns about her writing when she experiences it as a narrator. “There is something about it that changes when you’re performing it,” she said. “I read the book out loud during every stage of its revisions but it’s different when you sit down and have the microphone in front of you, when I finally am in all the characters and the story comes to life.”
36. Before recording a book, Whelan __________.
A. acts out its narrated version
B. builds up strength through exercise
C. determines the focus of its subject
D. varies its emphasized words
37. The underlined phrase “subsuming herself in the writing of others” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________ herself in the writing of others”.
A. dismissing B. involving C. maintaining D. presenting
38. How does narrating help Whelan do her own writing better
A. It enables her to think in readers’ view.
B. It inspires her to be absorbed in the story.
C. It provides her with diverse life experiences.
D. It reminds her to pursue her creative ambition.
39. What can be concluded from Whelan’s experience as a narrator and writer
A. Excellent narration is based on convincing stories.
B. Narrating is a more rewarding ambition than writing.
C. An influential writer is definitely a wonderful narrator.
D. Experiences as a narrator can change the writing approach.
6.嘉定区
Catherine Garland, a physics professor, started seeing “the problem” in 2019. She’d laid out the assignment clearly during an engineering course, but student after student was calling her over for help. They were all getting the same error message: The program couldn’t find their files.
Garland thought it would be an easy fix. She asked each student where they had saved their project. “Could they be on the desktop Perhaps in the Documents folder ” But over and over, she was met with confusion. “What are you talking about ” multiple students inquired. Gradually, Garland came to the realization: the concept of file folders and directories, essential to previous generations, understanding of computers, is gibberish to many modern students.
Garland’s mental model is commonly known as “directory structure”, the hierarchical system (层级体系) of folders used to arrange files. What have caused the mental model to change It is possible that many students spent their high school years storing documents in the cloud storage like OneDrive and Dropbox rather than in physical spaces. It could also have to do with the other apps they’re accustomed to. “When I want to scroll (滚屏) over to Snapchat, Twitter, they’re not in any particular order, but I know exactly where they are,” says Vogel, who is a devoted iPhone user. Some of it boils down to muscle memory.
It may also be that in an age where every user interface includes a search function, young people have never needed folders or directories. The first internet search engines were used around 1990, but features like Windows Search are products of the early 2000s. While many of today’s professors grew up without search functions, today’s students increasingly don’t remember a world without them.
Some may blame the generational incompetence. An international study claimed that only 2 percent of Generation Z (born from 1997 onwards) had achieved the “digital native” level of computer literacy. But the issue is likely not that modern students are learning fewer digital skills, but rather that they’re learning different ones. Garland, for all her knowledge of directory structure, doesn’t understand Instagram nearly as well as her students do. “They use computers one way, and we use computers another way,” Garland emphasizes. “That’s where the problem lies.”
36. The word “gibberish” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.
A. common B. accessible C. nonsense D. fundamental
37. What can be concluded from paragraph 3 and 4
A. There is no search function in the directory structure.
B. College professors have weaker muscles than students do.
C. Modern students like to store documents in physical drives.
D. The change in mental models reflects the progress in technology.
38. By mentioning Garland’s and Vogel’s stories, the author________.
A. highlights the different mindsets of two generations
B. criticizes modern students’ overuse of online apps
C. shows the difficulty of teaching today’s students
D. calls on a change in the education of physics
39. According to the passage, what can best address “the problem” mentioned at the beginning and the ending
A. Teaching students directory structure.
B. Improving generational understanding.
C. Enhancing Generation Z’s digital skills.
D. Urging teachers to learn search functions.
7.金山区
Ten years ago, the cyclist’s riding hard through the first snow storm of the year was a rare sight, often captured for the evening news. Today, however, it is estimated that 4-5% of cyclists ride bikes year-round.
Being prepared is key to a good ride in the winter. The increasing popularity of winter cycling is due to the creation of mountain bike and its imitation. Equipped with more stable bicycles, nothing seems to be able to stop the adventurous winter cyclists. Many of them wear running shoes and protect themselves from the cold by wearing downhill-skiing clothes. On wet days, they wear special water-proof over their shoes.
Besides all these mentioned above, there is one thing that has made winter riding more popular these years. In the past, cyclists need to clean and oil their bicycle chains once a week, which is no easy task. But one bicycle store owner tackled this weekly challenging task with an innovated complete chain cover. With bicycle chains completely covered, cyclists would need to do the troublesome work once every six months. Despite this amazing invention, the store owner still advises cyclists to take a taxi or bus when it’s really snowing heavily, not because conditions are too hard for bicycles, but because she is afraid that many bikers may lose confidence in themselves on snowy days of reduced discernibility, which is very dangerous.
36. What is the main idea of this passage
A. Winter Mountain cycling competitions.
B. Suitable clothing for winter cycling.
C. Popularity of winter cycling and its reasons.
D. Increases in winter cycling equipment.
37. According to the passage, what has made winter cycling no longer a rare sight
A. Construction of bicycle paths. B. A decrease in equipment prices.
C. The invention of stable bicycles. D. Milder weather in recent years.
38. How did one bicycle store owner help the winter cyclists
A. She sells bicycles at a very low price.
B. She makes cycling in winter less dangerous.
C. She helps improve cyclists’ confidence when riding.
D. She invents a new way to reduce the frequency of maintenance.
39. The underlined word “discernibility” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. visibility B. popularity
C. congestion D. creativity
8.静安区
I still had a few minutes, so I swung into the cafeteria to grab a coffee. That’s when I spotted him: a threatening-looking punk rocker with biker leathers and black leather boots.
Honestly, his look scared me, so I quickly went out trying to avoid a potential encounter.
It was 1988, and I was a “mature” journalism student, heading to my favorite elective: Sociology-Study of Deviance. Our gray-haired professor was a straight shooter. He usually brought in guest speakers who represented “deviance”. Our guest speakers included an outlandish dancer, a tarot-card reader or even an alcohol addict. And when I was curious that day to see who this session’s speaker was, “Mr. punk rocker” walked in.
He started to talk in a soft voice and told us he was a university student, who lived with his grandma who needed help in every aspect. Therefore, he moved in with her and helped with the cooking and shopping, cleaning and laundry. He made sure she took her meds and tried to make her laugh at least once a day. He described it as a “win-win” for both of them, but I suspected that it was a lot tougher than he made it sound.
And then he said: “I just figure it’s normal for you to feel negative about me because of the way I look. But isn’t that the reason for the existence of such a course named Study of Deviance ”
Wow. Just wow.
“It’s hair and clothing,” he said. “I don’t plan to look this way forever, but for now I like it, and do you think it makes me deviant ”
Every so often, I think about that young man. He’d be about fifty now and couldn’t realize how he influenced me. Because of his visit that day, my kids were allowed to wear whatever they wanted, as long as it was relatively clean and not morally abusive. They are upright and kind kids although they sometimes surprise us with red hair or strange trousers. And I am also happy that I do my selective of Sociology-Study of Deviance well.
36. The underlined word deviance in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. dressing. B. style C. abnormality D. maturity
37. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the guest speaker is TRUE
A. He was dressed in a frightening way on purpose in order to surprise the students.
B. He recognized the author and tried to tutor her during the session.
C. He wasn’t aware that many people misjudged him.
D. His behaviors didn’t match the appearance he presented.
38. Why does the author think she does the course well
A. Because she has learned to enjoy varied fashion styles.
B. Because she didn’t miss any of the course sessions.
C. Because she knows appearance doesn’t equal one’s quality.
D. Because she understands how to educate her kids.
9.闵行区
Raccoons are arguably the most successful urban carnivore (食肉动物) in North America. They maintain large populations in most U.S. cities and are certainly just as common in Chicago, though actual population estimates are unknown. Almost anyone who has spent time outdoors at night has likely seen one, and they are quite difficult to confuse with anything else — their fat bodies, and mask-like facial markings, make them quite distinctive, and even perhaps charming.
A typical urban raccoon is able to eat virtually anything. Their diet includes earthworms, carrion, plant matter, cat food, and all kind of discarded human food waste. Raccoons are probably the most advanced wildlife which can dive our dustbins. Their paws (爪子) are quite dexterous and enable them to access closed garbage dustbins. Raccoons are also capable climbers and can be found on the top of fences and in trees. While they are typically solitary, they are willing to tolerate crowds of other raccoons if high quality food resources are present. They give birth once and sometimes twice a year in late spring and make use of a wide variety of den (巢穴) sites, including hollow trees, chimneys, etc. Because they make dens in a variety of human structures, raccoons can be a source of human-wildlife conflict, through direct confrontation with humans, property damage caused by their activities, and, perhaps most critically, through the transmission of disease. Leptospirosis, canine distemper, raccoon roundworm, and rabies are the most important zoonotic (人畜共患的) diseases carried by raccoons. Rabies in particular has had a massive effect on raccoon populations and caused a public health attention, to the point where use of vaccine have been attempted in some cities.
In most cases where raccoons are reported by the public, no management action is necessary. Large packs of raccoons, such as those often sighted along the lakeshore path, likely suggest a large artificial food source, such as people deliberately feeding raccoons on unchecked garbage. These large gatherings present a high disease risk and people should be strongly discouraged from feeding raccoons or leaving food outside for them. In cases where there is evidence of disease, individual raccoons will need to be trapped and killed.
56. What do we know about raccoons from the first paragraph
A. They are unknown in Chicago. B. They are easily recognized.
C. They tend to attack people at night. D. They are declining in population.
57. The word “dexterous” (in paragraph two) probably means “______”.
A. skillful B. mysterious C. invisible D. abnormal
58. From the sentence “While they are typically…” (in paragraph two), we know that raccoons prefer to ______.
A. share food B. be in crowd
C. live separately D. hide high quality food
59. What do we know from the last paragraph
A. People are encouraged to feed raccoons.
B. Raccoons are killed as food source for people.
C. Immediate measures are adopted when raccoons are found.
D. Extreme actions may be taken to deal with racoons carrying disease.
10.普陀区
Adjusting to a new sleep schedule at the start of the school year can lead to disturbed rest, daytime tiredness and changes in mood and focus for teens. Although they need eight to ten hours of sleep per night to maintain physical health, emotional well-being and school performance, according to the National Sleep Foundation, most adolescents get less than eight.
Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can get more shut-eye. “There are a lot of changes a teen goes through,” said Stephanie J. Crowley, PhD. “One specifically is a change to sleep biology that happens during adolescence.” Crowley said, “there are two competing forces: one to go to bed earlier for the school schedule and the other a biological change that happens naturally to a teen’s body.” Because of this complex conflict, RUSH researchers set out to test a two-week intervention that targets the circadian(昼夜节律的) system with different behavioral measures and tries to help the teens figure out a better nighttime routine.
To solve teen sleep shortage, the researchers used bright light therapy on two weekend mornings for a total of 2.5 hours. The bright light helps the internal clock to wake up a little earlier. This shift should make it easier for the teens to fall asleep at an appropriate time. Crowley and her team then helped them make up for sleep problems by providing time management tools and addressing barriers to an earlier bedtime, like limiting certain after-school activities.
Researchers were able to shift the teens’ bedtime by an hour and a half earlier, and their total sleep time increased by approximately an hour. “The interesting thing is that teens with late circadian clocks shifted by up to two hours earlier,” Crowley said. “And the teens who had an earlier circadian clock didn’t need to be shifted any earlier. They just needed the behavioral support of trying to manage their time in the evening and increase their sleep duration.” The researchers also found the teens in the intervention group were less tired, and less angry, and they exhibited better concentration. The students’ morning attention improved as well.
36. According to the author, what’s the major sleeping problem in teens
A. Most teens’ circadian clocks have changed.
B. Most teens get less than eight hours of sleep.
C. Too much sleep affects teens’ academic performance.
D. Teens have to get more sleep in order to go to school.
37. What’s the author’s purpose of mentioning two competing forces
A. To highlight the importance of circadian clock changes in teens.
B. To emphasize the significance of teens’ night-time routine.
C. To show the conflict between sleeping early and not wanting to sleep.
D. To build connection between sleeping earlier and rising earlier.
38. What can we learn about the bright light therapy
A. It makes teens go through many different changes.
B. It makes teens without enough sleep concentrate on their study.
C. It helps teens go to bed three hours earlier every day.
D. It does help teens develop good sleep patterns.
39. What is the best title of the passage
A. Teens’ Sleeping Time B. Helping Teens Get More Sleep
C. Experiment on Teens’ Behavior D. Improving Teens’ Concentration
11.青浦区
Arens, a driver of a delivery company, was making his rounds near a pond in Bozeman, Montana, when he heard an unearthly sound.
It was December 2018, and about 15 feet from the frozen banks was the source of that cry — a half- submerged brown- and- white wirehaired dog, struggling to hold on to a thin layer of ice.
How she got there no one knows, but an elderly man was already on the scene, determined to save her. He’d entered the pond in a rowboat and was hacking a way at the ice with a rock to create a path to the dog.
It was slow going, and Arens, 44 , thought he stood a better chance. He took off his clothes, even though the temperature was -30℃ , and jumped into the rowboat.
His heart beating fast, Arens slid closer to the dog and used the other man’s rock to smash away at the ice. He gave himself a strong pull and slipped off the boat, crashing into 1 6 feet of freezing water. He resurfaced in time to see the dog going under. Using nervous energy to keep warm, he swam about five feet toward her, grabbed hold of her collar, and pulled her to the ice. He then boosted the dog into the boat and slid it back to the shore, where anxious bystanders carried the dog to the home of the rowboat owner.
Once in the house himself, Arens jumped into a warm shower with the dog until they both felt warmer.
A few more minutes in the pond, the vet (兽医) told Arens, and she would have likely suffered heart failure.
The next day, Arens was back working in the same neighborhood when the dog’s owner came over to thank him for saving Sadie.
Arens says, “ That special delivery was the highlight of my career.”
36. What does the underlined word “ hacking” in paragraph three most probably mean
A. cutting B. finding C. mending D. adopting
37. Why does Arens think “he stood a better chance” (in paragraph four) according to the passage
A. He was able to jump into the rowboat. B. He had better nerves to keep warm.
C. He had an advantage in age. D. He was a faster swimmer.
38. Which of the following statements is true about the incident
A. After saving the dog, Arens carried her home.
B. Arens jumped into the river on seeing the dog.
C. The dog was hunting when she fell into the water.
D. Without Aren’s help, the dog could hardly survive.
39. What is the main idea of the passage
A. A story of a pet lover. B. A special delivery of a driver.
C. A dog suffering from heart attack. D. A fight against freezing water.
12.松江区
Whenever I ask to go to the movies, my mom’s first response is always “No!” When I want to go dancing, she adds a firm “No! No! No!” for emphasis. She claims she is only trying to protect me from what she calls “bad elements”.
On a sunny day, Mom rejected my request to go to West Indian Day Parade and insisted I accompany her as she worked cleaning a large house. I followed her to a grand dining room, watching her apply lemon-scented polish to the furniture. I imagined my friends dressing up in fancy costumes, enjoying the celebratory time at the parade. I glared at my mother, hoping she could feel the anger I was directing her way.
But as I watched, my emotions began to change. I noticed how tenderly she rubbed her dusting cloth along a large piano in the corner. “Is this like your piano in Guyana, Mom ” I asked. “Yes. This baby grand piano is exactly like the one my Dad bought me when I was your age.” Her sigh was full of longing.
I knew that my mother had been a talented pianist. I vaguely recalled dancing under the piano when she practiced for hours every day. Now she could barely play for our church choir because her fingers were gnarled from so many days spent cleaning other people’s homes.
“Stop!” Mrs. Smithers, the homeowner, yelled, “That’s a very valuable instrument!”
“I am well aware of that.” she said slowly, “I play for my church.”
“But that’s not a church-music piano. We play classical music on that piano.”
I watched as my mother’s eyes narrowed and her face tightened. I felt the same tightening in my chest.
“You don’t know anything about us … or pianos!” I screamed. Immediately I worried I had done something wrong, but I also felt the tightening in my chest loosened.
I waited for my mother to blame me, but instead she glanced my way, smiling proudly. “That’s all I have time for today. My daughter and I are going to the e on, love.”
“But Veronica, you will return next week, right ”
“No!” said my mother, “No! No! No!”
56. The underlined word “gnarled” in paragraph 4 probably means ______.
A. rough and twisted B. clean and swift
C. painful but sensitive D. bent but flexible
57. What do you know about the mother according to the article
A. She regretted being a cleaning woman.
B. She quit her hobby to support the family.
C. She refused the daughter’s request due to the tight budget.
D. She wished her daughter to become a well-respected pianist.
58. How did the writer’s attitude toward her mother change on the day
A. From critical to ashamed. B. From fearful to respectful.
C. From pitiful to understanding. D. From angry to sympathetic.
59. What does the story mainly want to express
A. Don’t look down upon those inferior to you.
B. Reaching out for those in trouble can be rewarding.
C. Understanding others’ experiences helps identify with them.
D. Don’t abandon your idea even if one shows strong disagreement.
13.徐汇区
Jacob hated finishing things almost as much as he loved starting them. As a result, he had gotten into a million hobbies and activities, but he never stuck with any of them long enough to get any good.
He begged his mother for months for a guitar so that he could play Black Eyed Peas songs to Angie, a girl he liked, but after he finally got one for Christmas, he found out that guitars don’t play themselves. He took a few lessons, but the strings hurt his fingers and he didn’t like holding the pick, so now the five-hundred dollar guitar lives under his bed.
After reading an ad in the back of one of his comic books, Jacob decided that he wanted a Wonder-Sweeper 5000 metal detector, so that he could find buried treasure. So he mowed lawns all summer and shoveled driveways all winter. He didn’t spend his money on ice-cream like his younger brother, Alex. By the time spring came he had saved $200, and he purchased the Wonder-Sweeper 5000 metal detector. He beeped it around the park for a while, be he soon found out that no one had ever left any treasure in his neighborhood. He buried the metal detector in his closest.
Given Jacob’s history with hobbies, it was no surprise that Jacob’s father was reluctant to buy him a magician’s kit for his birthday. Jacob was insistent. “Dad, this time I’ll stick with it for real. I promise!” Jacob begged. Jacob’s father sighed. But he was reminded of his own youth long ago, when he quit football and started boxing practice before hardly getting his equipment dirty. So when Jacob’s birthday came around, Jacob was both surprised and pleased to find the magician’s kit that he had desired so badly. Jacob opened up the box and unwrapped the many parts in the kit. He took the many fake coins, trick cards, and rope pieces of varying length on the kitchen table and imagined pulling rabbits out of his hat and turning them into pigeons with a mysterious puff of smoke.
As Jacob continued pulling plastic thumbs, foam balls, and giant playing cards out of the magic kit, a commercial on the TV caught his attention.
“Hey kids! Have you ever wanted to go to space Experience what it’s like to be an astronaut Do you want to explore the universe Well, now you can.” As the commercial continued playing, Jacob walked away from the magic kit on the kitchen table and stared at the TV screen longingly. “For only $195 you can go to space camp and live life like an astronaut for a whole weekend. Enroll now for a once in a life time experience.” Jacob’s cry rang throughout the house as he yelled, “MOM!” He now knew what his true purpose in life was.
36. Why did Jacob stop playing the guitar
A. It hurt his fingers. B. He’d rather play drums.
C. It was too expensive. D. He became interested in comic books.
37. Jacob’s father decided to buy him the magician’s kit because ________.
A. Jacob was insistent on having it B. Jacob’s birthday was coming
C. Jacob quit many expensive activities D. Jacob reminded his father of himself
38. Which of the following is Jacob most likely to do next based on the end of the story
A. Become a great magician. B. Learn to play guitar well.
C. Detect an incredible hidden treasure. D. Raise money to go to space camp.
39. What can be learned about Jacob according to the passage
A. He was persistent in pursuing his dreams. B. He never stuck with anything for long.
C. He has always wanted to be a magician. D. He finally found his true purpose in life.
14.浦东新区
During recent years legends have grown up among people who live near the park, legends of life among the treetops.
One story was of a young, handsome man who had been spotted from time to time among the branches. This rumour about a modern Tarzan (人猿泰山) turned out to be true. The young man had been living in the treetops for eight years until discovered by the city authorities.
It is a touching tale. Bob Redman, brought up by his mother in a tiny Manhattan apartment, had always been addicted to trees. When he was 14, he went into the park and built himself a tree house. It was the first of 13 houses, each one more elaborate than the last. “I like to be in trees,” Redman explained to a reporter from the New York Times. “I like to be up, away from everything. I enjoy staying alone.”
Redman went to great pains to hide his tree houses, building them in neglected corners of the park and camouflaging them with branches and green paint. Friends used to come to visit him, sometimes as many as 12 people at a time, bringing sandwiches and radios and books and torches.
The park authorities quickly became aware of his activities. However, the houses were often not detected for long periods of time. Some lasted as long as a whole year before they were found and destroyed by officials, with a mournful Bob Redman watching from a distance. His magnificent final house went unnoticed for four months before Bob was awoken one morning with the words: “Come down! The party’s over!”
Rather than being thrown into jail, Redman was offered a job. He is now a professional gardener and tree climber for the Central Park. However, he has had to promise not to build any more tree houses. He says he cannot believe that a job so perfect for him could possibly exist.
In our busy, competitive world, I suppose it is comforting to know that a man like Bob Redman exists.
56. Which of the following statements about Bob Redman is TRUE
A. He built 14 tree houses altogether. B. He rented his final house to some friends.
C. He was raised amid trees in the countryside. D. He gave an interview to the New York Times.
57. The bold word “camouflaging” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to________.
A. decorating B. hiding C. equipping D. integrating
58. The underlined sentence in paragraph 5 suggests that________.
A. parties should not be held overnight
B. parties are not allowed in the Central Park
C. no more tree houses should exist in the Central Park
D. the owner of the tree house should get down to work
59. Which might be the best title of the passage
A. Tarzan of the Central Park B. Locked Up or Breaking Free
C. A Special Job Hunter in New York D. Tree Houses — the Ultimate Habitat
15.杨浦区
A rare 765-year-old gold coin found on farm land in Devon in south-west England is expected to sell for up to half a million pounds at auction. It is believed that the coin was made more than 750 years ago, during the rule of the English King Henry III. It is one of only eight known to exist.
Featuring a picture of King Henry III on one side and a cross and roses on the other, the coin is around 2.5 centimetres across. It was made with gold that came from north Africa. It was found in September last year by a detectorist (someone who looks for items buried underground using a metal detector) in Hemyock village. The detectorist had no idea how rare the coin was until he posted a photo of it on social media, where it was spotted by a history expert.
The finder, who doesn’t want to be named, was told to take the coin to the British Museum, where it was confirmed that the coin was very rare. According to the law, the finder is allowed to keep it because it’s a single coin and not part of a bigger haul but he has decided to sell it. He told the BBC, “The coin was found in an unappealing field and could quite easily have never been recovered. Now it is protected for future generations to enjoy.”
The coin is especially valuable because it was one of England’s first gold coins. The country’s coins were made of silver until King Henry III, who ruled from 1216 until his death in 1272, introduced gold ones with his picture on them.
Professor David Carpenter at King’s College London has traced the coin back to a man called John de Hidon, who was the lord of Hemyock Manor. Carpenter thinks the coin may have fallen out of someone’s pocket—either de Hidon himself or one of his staff.
56. The correct order of the events that happened is .
①The value of the coin was confirmed.
②A coin was unearthed in the field.
③The coin was on display at the British Museum.
④The coin was intended for sale.
⑤The coin caught the attention of a history expert.
A. ①③②④ B. ②⑤①④
C. ②①⑤④③ D. ④②①③⑤
57. Which of the following aspects is mentioned about the coin
A. Its exhibition. B. Its significance.
C. Its preservation. D. Its distribution.
58. The underlined word “haul” in the third paragraph probably means .
A. stolen or illegal things B. imported goods
C. patented cultural items D. hidden mineral resources
59. Which of the following may be the best title for the news story
A. How to Discover Hidden Treasure B. A Coin Sold for Millions
C. History Miraculously Repeats Itself D. Treasure Hunter Strikes Gold
16.长宁区
“It’s a windy day in Laguna San Ignacio, and the waves seem to come from all directions,” said Sara Clemence in Bloomberg Businessweek. My children and I are riding on a 18-foot boat—small enough that we can reach down into the water if a gray whale swims up alongside. And then we see what we’ve come for: a heart-shaped shower of water and a dark mass rushing below it. As instructed, we splash (溅泼) the water strongly to signal the huge whale, which turns out to be a mother with her weeks-old baby. The baby soon swims beneath our boat, emerges to blow mist in my face, then “lies onto its side like a 2-ton puppy.” Leaning down, I touched its skin gently. “It feels electric. Also, a bit like petting a hard-boiled egg.”
San Ignacio is one of very few places where a person can pet a whale. The whales come each year to the coast of Baja California to give birth and to mate. If you’re lucky, you can “shake hands with a leatheryfin (鳍)” or even “plant a kiss on a cold, salty cheek.” I usually worry about such interactions, because wild creatures can become deeply stressed by human contact. But boat numbers are strictly limited in these protected waters. And any whale that approaches a boat does so on its own terms. Like that baby whale: “We see him a few times, and he seems to like being petted and splashed.”
So we are two species, connecting through touch, but also through eye contact: “More than once, after nosing around our boat, a young gray turns on its side so one dark, baseball-size eye is looking up at us.” Whalers used to call gray whales “devil fish” because these magnificent creatures turn violent when threatened—“or, say, when their babies are harmed.” That makes it feel even more of a blessing when, on our third day there, a large mama whale approaches the boat. “I’m splashing when I feel her nose press up into my hand.” Though she’s “wiser and apparently more alert” than her child, “she still decides to trust us.”
36. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage
A. The writer was on a whale-touching trip.
B. The writer’s boat went down with a huge wave.
C. The baby whale splashed water all over the writer.
D. The mother whale’s skin felt as hard as a boiled egg.
37. By “does so on its own terms” (in paragraph 2), the writer means whales in San Ignacio are ______.
A. mad with too many visitors B. ready for hands-on attention
C. restricted in swimming routes D. enclosed in their safety zones
38. Gray whales got the name of “devil fish” from their ______.
A. strange appearance B. inborn violence
C. surprisingly enormous size D. fierceness in danger
39. The writer’s implied purpose in the passage is to ______.
A. popularize the knowledge of whales B. show admiration for whales’ motherhood
C. share an experience of the sea voyage D. advocate harmony between man and nature
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阅读理解A篇
-2023年上海十六区高三英语一模汇编
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1.宝山区
Jailbreaking commonly refers to unlocking iOS for iPhones and iPads. Seventeen-year-old George Hotz, or geohot as he liked to be called, was the first person to jailbreak an iPhone. He accomplished his feat in 2007, and many others followed his lead.
Jailbreaking an iPhone offers some distinct benefits. With a jailbroken iPhone, you have numerous ways to change any setting to suit your needs. You can also alter the look and feel of the phone so that it matches your personality. Another advantage of jailbreaking for iPhone users is the ability to install apps not offered in Apple’s App Store. Cydia, an alternative app store for jailbroken iOS devices, offers a variety of apps, some of which cost more than others.
Before jailbreaking your iPhone, you should consider the consequences. Jailbreaking immediately voids (使无效) your iPhone’s warranty, which means that Apple is no longer required to fix your phone if something goes wrong. Jailbreaking also exposes you to the dangers associated with alternative apps. Poor quality apps from alternative app stores may cause your iPhone to crash more often or stop working altogether. After jailbreaking your iPhone, you must also be careful not to allow Apple to install new software on your phone.
Apple naturally discourages its customers from jailbreaking their iPhones. According to the company, jailbreaking doesn’t just affect the security and stability of an iPhone. It can also shorten the phone’s battery life. For many people, this is an important consideration.
36. Which aspects of jailbreaking does the article discuss
A. The ways in which jailbreaking can save people time
B. The positives and negatives associated with jailbreaking
C. The clients who got into legal trouble for jailbreaking
D. The best and worst techniques for jailbreaking phones
37. What does the article imply about the first person to jailbreak an iPhone
A. He apologized for his actions. B. He produced hardware designs.
C. He gave himself a nickname. D. He was turned down for a job.
38. From this article, what can readers learn about the products offered by Cydia
A. Their prices vary somewhat. B. Their inventors are quite young.
C. They’re still manufactured abroad. D. They take only a few moments to install.
39. According to Apple, what might happen after a person jailbreaks his or her iPhone
A. It might need a new camera stand. B. It might become harder to sell.
C. It might be easily damaged by water. D. It might use up its battery faster.
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. A 39. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了能够解锁iphone和ipad的iOS系统以及它的优缺点。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Jailbreaking an iPhone offers some distinct benefits.( 解锁iPhone有一些明显的好处。)”和第三段 “Before jailbreaking your iPhone, you should consider the consequences. (在解锁你的iPhone之前，你应该考虑一下后果。)”可知本文主要讨论了与解锁手机相关的积极和消极因素。故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Seventeen-year-old George Hotz, or geohot as he liked to be called, was the first person to jailbreak an iPhone. (17岁的乔治·霍兹，或者他喜欢别人称呼他geohot，是第一个破解iPhone的人。)”可知他给自己起了个绰号。故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cydia, an alternative app store for jailbroken iOS devices, offers a variety of apps, some of which cost more than others.( Cydia是针对解锁iOS设备的另一个应用商店，提供了多种应用程序，其中一些应用程序的价格高于其他应用程序。)”可知，读者可以了解到Cydia提供的产品价格有所不同。故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“According to the company, jailbreaking doesn’t just affect the security and stability of an iPhone. It can also shorten the phone’s battery life. For many people, this is an important consideration.( 苹果公司表示，解锁不仅会影响iPhone的安全性和稳定性。它还会缩短手机的电池寿命。对许多人来说，这是一个重要的考虑因素。)”根据苹果公司的说法，一个人解锁他或她的iPhone，可能会更快地用完电池。故选D。
2.崇明区
Francis Kéré appears on the screen in a loose white Oxford shirt and an enormous, slightly amazed smile. “Can you imagine ” the newest Pritzker Architecture Prize winner says. “I was born in a little village in Burkina Faso where there was no school then. And my father wanted me to learn how to read and write very simply because then I could then translate or read him his letters.”
The first African winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize had already received numerous awards in his field, but Kéré was as surprised as anyone else to be selected for the field’s most famous prize. “Francis Kéré is pioneering architecture — sustainable to the earth and its inhabitants — in lands of extreme scarcity,” said committee chair, Tom Pritzker, in a statement. “He is equally architect and servant, improving upon the lives and experiences of countless citizens in a region of the world that is at times forgotten. Through buildings that demonstrate beauty, modesty, boldness and invention, Kéré gracefully deserves this Prize.”
Kéré says his architectural practice was inspired by his own experience attending school with around 100 other children in a region where temperatures are regularly higher than 100 degrees Fahrenheit. “You will sit and it’s very hot inside,” he said. “And there was no light, while outside, the sunlight was strong and in my head the idea one day grew that as an adult, I should make it better. I was thinking about space, about room, about how I can feel better.”
In his designs for Gando Primary School and Naaba Belem Goumma Secondary School in Burkina Faso, Kéré drew on traditional building materials and emphasized shade and shadows with well-ventilated (通风良好的) spaces that reduce the need for air conditioning.
When he was twenty, in 1985, Kéré earned a vocational scholarship to study carpentry in Berlin. But while absorbed in the practicality of roofing and furniture making, he also attended night school and was admitted to Technische Universit t Berlin, from which he graduated in 2004 with an advanced degree in architecture. He was still a student when he designed and built Gando Primary School. It turned out to be a springboard for his career and still guides his ethos (理念) today.
56. Which of the following is a reason for Kéré’s winning the Pritzker Architecture Prize
A. His designs are innovative and eco-friendly.
B. He’s received plenty of awards in architecture.
C. His designs mainly consist of school buildings.
D. He’s good at using new materials in his architecture.
57. ________ acts as a stimulus to Kéré’s becoming an architect.
A. His study of carpentry in Berlin B. His hometown’s extremely hot whether
C. His parents’ expectations of him D. His uncomfortable experience at school
58. ________ helps Kéré establish his status in architecture.
A. His design of Gando Primary School B. His research in Technische Universit t Berlin
C. His love for nature and his hometown D. His commitment to the development of Africa
59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Francis Kéré: a True Pioneer in African Architecture
B. Francis Kéré: a Great African Contributor to Architecture
C. Francis Kéré: the First African to Win Architecture’s Top Award
D. Francis Kéré: the First African Winner of Awards in Architecture
【答案】56. A 57. D 58. A 59. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作为首个获得建筑领域最高奖——普利兹克建筑奖的非洲人Francis Kéré的成名经历。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中““Francis Kéré is pioneering architecture — sustainable to the earth and its inhabitants — in lands of extreme scarcity,” said committee chair, Tom Pritzker, in a statement. “He is equally architect and servant, improving upon the lives and experiences of countless citizens in a region of the world that is at times forgotten. Through buildings that demonstrate beauty, modesty, boldness and invention, Kéré gracefully deserves this Prize.” (“Francis Kéré是建筑学的先驱——对地球及其居民来说是可持续的——在极度稀缺的土地上，”委员会主席Tom Pritzker在一份声明中表示。“他同样是建筑师和公务员，改善着这个世界上有时被遗忘的地区无数公民的生活和经历。通过展示美丽、谦逊、大胆和创造力的建筑，Kéré理所当然地获得了这个奖项。”)”可知，Kéré被授奖是因为他的作品具有创造性，同时也符合可持续发展。故选A。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Kéré says his architectural practice was inspired by his own experience attending school with around 100 other children in a region where temperatures are regularly higher than 100 degrees Fahrenheit. “You will sit and it’s very hot inside,” he said. “And there was no light, while outside, the sunlight was strong and in my head the idea one day grew that as an adult, I should make it better. I was thinking about space, about room, about how I can feel better.”(Kéré说他的建筑实践是受到他自己的上学经历的启发，在那个温度经常高于100华氏度的地区，他和大约100个其他的孩子一起上学。“你会坐在里面，里面非常热，”他说。“外面没有光，阳光很强烈，有一天我的脑海里产生了一个想法，作为一个成年人，我应该让它变得更好。我想到了空间，想到了房间，想到了如何让自己感觉更好。”)”可知，Kéré建筑的实践源于他自己上学期间艰苦的生活。故选D。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He was still a student when he designed and built Gando Primary School. It turned out to be a springboard for his career and still guides his ethos (理念) today. (当他设计和建造甘多小学的时候，他还是个学生。事实证明，这是他职业生涯的跳板，至今仍引导着他的精神)”可知，正是Kéré设计和建造甘多小学，才成就其在职业场上的地位。故选A。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“Francis Kéré appears on the screen in a loose white Oxford shirt and an enormous, slightly amazed smile. “Can you imagine ” the newest Pritzker Architecture Prize winner says.(Francis Kéré身穿宽松的白色牛津衬衫出现在屏幕上，脸上带着微微惊讶的笑容。“你能想象吗？”这位最新的普利兹克奖冠军说)”可知，Francis Kéré是最新的普利兹克奖冠军。第二段中“The first African winner of the Pritzker Architecture Prize had already received numerous awards in his field, but Kéré was as surprised as anyone else to be selected for the field’s most famous prize.(被选为该领域最著名的奖项，Kéré和其他人一样惊讶)”同时结合下文对Kéré在建筑领域的成名经历的叙说可知，本文主要讲述了作为首个获得建筑领域最高奖——普利兹克建筑奖的非洲人Francis Kéré的成名经历。由此可知，文章的标题可以是“Francis Kéré：第一个获得建筑最高奖的非洲人”。故选C。
3.奉贤区
If I have a goal in life, it isn’t to be driving a Rolls-Royce. It’s to be giving away more than $1,000,000 a year and having an impact on people’s lives. I have the success today because I always had to work for what I wanted. I grew up accustomed to risks and disappointments, so I was used to moving forward, no matter what.
In 2008, I went to Los Angeles where I tried to get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial broker. Unfortunately, all these doors slammed in my face. The world’s economy was in a bad state, so I knew I would have to do a little spinning of my own.
Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word “can’t” wasn’t in my vocabulary. I partnered with a friend buying distressed multifamily properties around Houston. Even though we were enthusiastic and backed with start-up sums, I didn’t make a deal work. My friend moved on to other projects. Alone, I put all my money into the next real-estate project. I put the time in, I dreamed it, but once again the deal fell through. Two months later, though, the deal came back around. That was when the path opened, luck changed, and I was ready to form my own company. I haven’t looked back. Only ahead.
I’m now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500,000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases. We also support a lot of services for disadvantaged children in Houston and other places.
I have always been someone who can see the big picture and have never been distracted by things that get in the way. There are lessons to be learned, and the biggest of those is to keep going. You may have to change the path, but always keep that vision in front of you.
36. Which of the following about the author is true
A. He donated a lot of money to improve his company’s image.
B. He often encountered difficulties in the process of growing up.
C. He started his own company together with a friend.
D. He changed jobs several times while in Los Angeles.
37. By saying “do a little spinning of my own” in the second paragraph, the author probably means he would_____________.
A. look for a part-time job independently B. make his contributions to the economy
C. give in to the disappointing reality D. be self-employed to develop his career
38. Which quality of the author is not shown in the passage
A. Perseverance. B. Optimism. C. Innocence. D. Kindness.
39. Which one is probably the best title of the passage
A. Saying No to “Turning Back” B. Tips for a Successful Business
C. Jumping over Economic Downturns D. A Life-time Pursuit of Dream
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在成长过程中经常遇到困难，所以无论发生什么，都习惯了勇往直前。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“I grew up accustomed to risks and disappointments, so I was used to moving forward, no matter what.(我从小就习惯了冒险和失望，所以我习惯了勇往直前，无论发生什么)”可知，B选项“他在成长过程中经常遇到困难”正确。故选B。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“In 2008, I went to Los Angeles where I tried to get hired as an agent, an analyst and a financial broker. Unfortunately, all these doors slammed in my face.(2008年，我去了洛杉矶，试图在那里找到一份代理、分析师和金融经纪人的工作。不幸的是，这些门都在我面前关上了)”可知，当时世界经济状况很糟糕，所以作者要自主创业来发展自己的事业。由此推知，划线部分意思是“自主创业来发展自己的事业”。故选D。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Youth involves a certain innocence but also perseverance. The word “can’t” wasn’t in my vocabulary.(青春既有一定的天真，也有一定的毅力。我的字典里没有“不能”这个词)”以及倒数第二段中“I’m now able to give back to communities and causes. I donate about $500,000 a year, much of that going to research to cure rare diseases.(我现在能够回馈社区和事业。我每年捐赠大约50万美元，其中大部分用于治疗罕见疾病的研究)”可知，作者单纯的品质在文章中没有表现出来。故选C。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“There are lessons to be learned, and the biggest of those is to keep going. You may have to change the path, but always keep that vision in front of you.(我们要吸取教训，其中最大的教训就是坚持下去。你可能不得不改变道路，但始终保持愿景在你面前)”结合文章主要讲述了作者在成长过程中经常遇到困难，所以习惯了勇往直前，无论发生什么。由此可知，A选项“拒绝‘回头’”最符合文章标题。故选A。
4.虹口区
I know people who say they don’t watch television, and I always nod and agree. Reading requires intelligence, and television is merely entertainment, right
I’m going to Scotland this year, and three different people told me I must watch “Outlander” before I go, which is like “Game of Thrones” for fans of romance novels. I watched the first four hourlong episodes back to back. When I stood up from the couch I felt sick, and it wasn’t just the cookies, popcorn and peanut butter sandwiches I’d had without noticing. It was dark outside, and I felt ashamed. I had spent half a day on the couch. Research for Scotland Not exactly.
A few days later I had a library book due: The National Book Award winner The Friend, by Sigrid Nunez. I needed to finish it, so I read the last half straight through. I was absorbed in Nunez’s New York City, worrying about the heroin’s career and her future. I finished the book with tears in my eyes and stood up feeling, well, great.
I had wasted another four hours on my couch. I hadn’t eaten as much junk food because I needed my hands free—and not sticky—so I could turn pages and return the book to the library relatively clean, but I hadn’t moved and once again it was dark outside. Why did I feel so much better and guilt-free
All the research says reading a book is good for you. It reduces stress, promotes comprehension and imagination, relieves depression, helps you sleep and may contribute to preventing Alzheimer’s. The act of physically turning a page creates a momentary pause for understanding to sink in. Our brains have to work to translate the black squiggles (弯弯曲曲的线条) on the page into words and then interpret the meaning and intent of those words. When a character is described as tall with brown hair, a reader creates her own picture. TV takes all that imagination away.
But there’s a lot of good TV now. I’d like to say the answer to TV versus books must be, as Aristotle said, “Moderation in all things,” though he never had a television or a computer and had to read his scrolls (长卷纸) by candlelight. I agree that too much television is bad for you. I know I feel better if I read, but it won’t stop me from watching too: My second DVD of “Outlander” has just arrived, and as soon as I get this essay done, the rest of my day is free.
36. By “I always nod and agree” (paragraph 1), the author implies that _______.
A. she should be polite to get the conversation to go on
B. she is reluctant to admit that she watches television
C. she believes those who say they don’t watch TV
D. she doesn’t think highly of TV either
37. The phrase “back to back” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “_______”.
A. from morning till night B. one after another without a break
C. leaning against the back of the couch D. looking at the opposite direction
38. The author felt better after reading The Friend than watching “Outlander”, most probably because _______.
A. she didn’t feel hungry for any snacks
B. the TV series got her to cancel her trip to Scotland
C. the television series was no more attractive than the book
D. she regarded reading as more rewarding than watching TV
39. What can be concluded from all the research introduced in paragraph 5
A. Reading is active while watching TV is passive.
B. Reading involves physical exercises while watching TV doesn’t.
C. Reading stimulates the brain to concentrate while watching TV doesn’t.
D. Reading is good for one’s mental health while watching TV is bad for it.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. D 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过对比看四个小时的电视和书所带来的不同感觉来说明看书的好处。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。“I always nod and agree”的字面意思是“我总是点头表示同意”，根据第一段的“Reading requires intelligence, and television is merely entertainment(阅读需要智力，而电视仅仅是娱乐)”可知，作者说“I always nod and agree”暗示了作者对电视也评价不高，故选D。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“When I stood up from the couch I felt sick, and it wasn’t just the cookies, popcorn and peanut butter sandwiches I’d had without noticing. It was dark outside, and I felt ashamed. I had spent half a day on the couch.(当我从沙发上站起来的时候，我觉得不舒服，这不仅仅是因为我不知不觉吃了饼干、爆米花和花生酱三明治。外面很黑，我感到很惭愧。我在沙发上躺了半天。)”可知，作者在沙发上不停地看电视，也就是一集一集地不停地看，“back to back”意为“一个接一个，没有休息”，即one after another without a break，故选B。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的“All the research says reading a book is good for you. It reduces stress, promotes comprehension and imagination, relieves depression, helps you sleep and may contribute to preventing Alzheimer’s. The act of physically turning a page creates a momentary pause for understanding to sink in. Our brains have to work to translate the black squiggles (弯弯曲曲的线条) on the page into words and then interpret the meaning and intent of those words.(所有的研究都表明读书对你有好处。它可以减轻压力，促进理解和想象力，缓解抑郁，帮助睡眠，并可能有助于预防阿尔茨海默氏症。翻页的动作会让你有片刻的停顿来理解。我们的大脑必须工作，把书页上的黑色涂鸦翻译成文字，然后解释这些文字的含义和意图。)”可知，作者在看完The Friend后感觉比看“Outlander”好多了，很可能是因为她认为读书比看电视更有意义，故选D。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的“The act of physically turning a page creates a momentary pause for understanding to sink in. Our brains have to work to translate the black squiggles (弯弯曲曲的线条) on the page into words and then interpret the meaning and intent of those words. When a character is described as tall with brown hair, a reader creates her own picture. TV takes all that imagination away.(翻页的动作会让你有片刻的停顿来理解。我们的大脑必须工作，把书页上的黑色涂鸦翻译成文字，然后解释这些文字的含义和意图。当一个人物被描述为高个子、棕色头发时，读者就会创造出自己的形象。电视剥夺了所有的想象力。)”可知，从第5段介绍的所有研究中可以得出的结论是阅读是主动的，而看电视是被动的。故选A。
5.黄浦区
Julia Whelan climbed into the recording room in her home office. In preparation, she had avoided alcohol the night before, had avoided milk since waking at 6 a.m. and had run through the warm-up voice exercises.
Whelan, 38, is the calm, confident female voice behind more than 400 other audiobooks, as well as the narrated versions(叙事版本) of many articles. Once she has taken on a project, she reads through the book once or twice, deciding on themes to highlight when she gets into the recording room by using different tones and accents, and emphasizing certain words. “Narrating a book really is a performance,” she said, “and it can be harder to do than acting, because I can’t use my eyes or facial expressions to convey something to the audience.”
As she spent time subsuming herself in the writing of others, she began to think more about her own creative ambitions. Just before the pandemic, she began “Thank You for Listening,” combining her writing with the experiences she has collected as a narrator.
Writers say that Whelan has helped them understand their own work. “When I listen to Julia read my stories, it sounds like she is calling you over to tell you a great story,” said Nuzzi, whose work has been narrated by Whelan. “When I write now, I try to think like that, that I am calling a reader over to tell him a great story. It has completely changed my approach.” Whelan said that she also learns about her writing when she experiences it as a narrator. “There is something about it that changes when you’re performing it,” she said. “I read the book out loud during every stage of its revisions but it’s different when you sit down and have the microphone in front of you, when I finally am in all the characters and the story comes to life.”
36. Before recording a book, Whelan __________.
A. acts out its narrated version
B. builds up strength through exercise
C. determines the focus of its subject
D. varies its emphasized words
37. The underlined phrase “subsuming herself in the writing of others” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to “__________ herself in the writing of others”.
A. dismissing B. involving C. maintaining D. presenting
38. How does narrating help Whelan do her own writing better
A. It enables her to think in readers’ view.
B. It inspires her to be absorbed in the story.
C. It provides her with diverse life experiences.
D. It reminds her to pursue her creative ambition.
39. What can be concluded from Whelan’s experience as a narrator and writer
A. Excellent narration is based on convincing stories.
B. Narrating is a more rewarding ambition than writing.
C. An influential writer is definitely a wonderful narrator.
D. Experiences as a narrator can change the writing approach.
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. A 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述读书人Julia Whelan的工作故事。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段“Once she has taken on a project, she reads through the book once or twice, deciding on themes to highlight when she gets into the recording room by using different tones and accents, and emphasizing certain words.(一旦她开始了一个项目，她就会读一到两遍这本书，决定进入录音室时要突出的主题，使用不同的音调和口音，并强调某些单词。)”可知，Julia Whelan在读书前先需要决定所读内容突出的主题。故选C项。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。由文章第三段“As she spent time subsuming herself in the writing of others, she began to think more about her own creative ambitions. (当她花时间让自己 在他人的写作中时，她开始更多地思考自己的创作抱负。)”可知，subsuming应表示“沉浸”，所以involving意思和它接近。故选B项。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“‘When I listen to Julia read my stories, it sounds like she is calling you over to tell you a great story,’ said Nuzzi, whose work has been narrated by Whelan. ‘When I write now, I try to think like that......(‘当我听Julia读我的故事时，听起来她是在叫你来给你讲一个很棒的故事，’Nuzzi说，她的作品由 Whelan担任旁白。‘当我现在写作时，我试着这样思考......)”可知，Whelan 读作品时可让她从读者的角度思考自己的写作。故选A项。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。由文章最后一段“‘When I write now, I try to think like that, that I am calling a reader over to tell him a great story. It has completely changed my approach.’ Whelan said that she also learns about her writing when she experiences it as a narrator. ‘There is something about it that changes when you’re performing it,’ she said.‘I read the book out loud during every stage of its revisions but it’s different when you sit down and have the microphone in front of you, when I finally am in all the characters and the story comes to life.’(‘当我现在写作时，我试着这样想，我是在叫一位读者过来给他讲一个很棒的故事。这完全改变了我的写作方式。’Whelan说，当她作为叙述者体验写作时，她也了解了自己的写作。她说：‘当你在表演的时候，它会有一些变化。在每一个修改阶段，我都会大声朗读这本书，但当你坐下来，把麦克风放在面前，当我最终融入所有角色，故事变得生动起来时，情况就不同了。’)”可知，作为读书人的经历让Whelan的写作方式风格发生了改变。故选D项。
6.嘉定区
Catherine Garland, a physics professor, started seeing “the problem” in 2019. She’d laid out the assignment clearly during an engineering course, but student after student was calling her over for help. They were all getting the same error message: The program couldn’t find their files.
Garland thought it would be an easy fix. She asked each student where they had saved their project. “Could they be on the desktop Perhaps in the Documents folder ” But over and over, she was met with confusion. “What are you talking about ” multiple students inquired. Gradually, Garland came to the realization: the concept of file folders and directories, essential to previous generations, understanding of computers, is gibberish to many modern students.
Garland’s mental model is commonly known as “directory structure”, the hierarchical system (层级体系) of folders used to arrange files. What have caused the mental model to change It is possible that many students spent their high school years storing documents in the cloud storage like OneDrive and Dropbox rather than in physical spaces. It could also have to do with the other apps they’re accustomed to. “When I want to scroll (滚屏) over to Snapchat, Twitter, they’re not in any particular order, but I know exactly where they are,” says Vogel, who is a devoted iPhone user. Some of it boils down to muscle memory.
It may also be that in an age where every user interface includes a search function, young people have never needed folders or directories. The first internet search engines were used around 1990, but features like Windows Search are products of the early 2000s. While many of today’s professors grew up without search functions, today’s students increasingly don’t remember a world without them.
Some may blame the generational incompetence. An international study claimed that only 2 percent of Generation Z (born from 1997 onwards) had achieved the “digital native” level of computer literacy. But the issue is likely not that modern students are learning fewer digital skills, but rather that they’re learning different ones. Garland, for all her knowledge of directory structure, doesn’t understand Instagram nearly as well as her students do. “They use computers one way, and we use computers another way,” Garland emphasizes. “That’s where the problem lies.”
36. The word “gibberish” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.
A. common B. accessible C. nonsense D. fundamental
37. What can be concluded from paragraph 3 and 4
A. There is no search function in the directory structure.
B. College professors have weaker muscles than students do.
C. Modern students like to store documents in physical drives.
D. The change in mental models reflects the progress in technology.
38. By mentioning Garland’s and Vogel’s stories, the author________.
A. highlights the different mindsets of two generations
B. criticizes modern students’ overuse of online apps
C. shows the difficulty of teaching today’s students
D. calls on a change in the education of physics
39. According to the passage, what can best address “the problem” mentioned at the beginning and the ending
A. Teaching students directory structure.
B. Improving generational understanding.
C. Enhancing Generation Z’s digital skills.
D. Urging teachers to learn search functions.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍几代人之间在数字技术上相互不理解是因为了解电脑的方式不同，进而产生的不同的思维模式，解决这个问题的办法是增进代际理解。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“She asked each student where they had saved their project. “Could they be on the desktop Perhaps in the Documents folder ”But over and over, she was met with confusion. “What are you talking about ” multiple students inquired.(她问每个学生他们把项目保存在哪里。“它们可能在桌面上吗？可能在Documents文件夹中？”但一次又一次，她遇到了困惑。“你在说什么 ”许多学生问)”可知，学生们不理解Garland所说的desktop或者Documents folder。由此可知，Garland意识到对前几代人来说理解计算机必不可少的文件夹和目录概念，对许多现代学生来说是毫无意义的。即gibberish意为“毫无意义的话”，与nonsense同义。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“What have caused the mental model to change It is possible that many students spent their high school years storing documents in the cloud storage like OneDrive and Dropbox rather than in physical spaces. It could also have to do with the other apps they’re accustomed to. (是什么导致了思维模式的改变？有可能许多学生在高中时期将文件存储在OneDrive和Dropbox这样的云存储中，而不是在物理空间中。这也可能与他们习惯使用的其他应用程序有关)”和第四段“It may also be that in an age where every user interface includes a search function, young people have never needed folders or directories. The first internet search engines were used around 1990, but features like Windows Search are products of the early 2000s. (也可能是在每个用户界面都包含搜索功能的时代，年轻人从来不需要文件夹或目录。第一个互联网搜索引擎是在1990年左右使用的，但像Windows搜索这样的功能是21世纪初的产品)”推知，思维模式的改变反映了科技的进步。故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Garland’s mental model is commonly known as “directory structure”, the hierarchical system (层级体系) of folders used to arrange files. (Garland的思维模式通常被称为“目录结构”，即用于排列文件的文件夹的分层系统)”和“Some of it boils down to muscle memory.(有些可以归结为肌肉记忆)”推知，作者提到Garland和Voge的故事，是为了强调两代人之间不同的思维模式。故选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the issue is likely not that modern students are learning fewer digital skills, but rather that they’re learning different ones. Garland, for all her knowledge of directory structure, doesn’t understand Instagram nearly as well as her students do. “They use computers one way, and we use computers another way,” Garland emphasizes. “That’s where the problem lies.”(但问题可能不在于现代学生学习的数字技能越来越少，而在于他们学习的数字技能有所不同。尽管Garland对目录结构很了解，但她对Instagram的理解远不如她的学生。Garland强调：“他们使用电脑的方式是一种，而我们使用电脑的方式是另一种。”“这就是问题所在。”)”推知，解决问题的最好方法是增进代际理解。故选B。
7.金山区
Ten years ago, the cyclist’s riding hard through the first snow storm of the year was a rare sight, often captured for the evening news. Today, however, it is estimated that 4-5% of cyclists ride bikes year-round.
Being prepared is key to a good ride in the winter. The increasing popularity of winter cycling is due to the creation of mountain bike and its imitation. Equipped with more stable bicycles, nothing seems to be able to stop the adventurous winter cyclists. Many of them wear running shoes and protect themselves from the cold by wearing downhill-skiing clothes. On wet days, they wear special water-proof over their shoes.
Besides all these mentioned above, there is one thing that has made winter riding more popular these years. In the past, cyclists need to clean and oil their bicycle chains once a week, which is no easy task. But one bicycle store owner tackled this weekly challenging task with an innovated complete chain cover. With bicycle chains completely covered, cyclists would need to do the troublesome work once every six months. Despite this amazing invention, the store owner still advises cyclists to take a taxi or bus when it’s really snowing heavily, not because conditions are too hard for bicycles, but because she is afraid that many bikers may lose confidence in themselves on snowy days of reduced discernibility, which is very dangerous.
36. What is the main idea of this passage
A. Winter Mountain cycling competitions.
B. Suitable clothing for winter cycling.
C. Popularity of winter cycling and its reasons.
D. Increases in winter cycling equipment.
37. According to the passage, what has made winter cycling no longer a rare sight
A. Construction of bicycle paths. B. A decrease in equipment prices.
C. The invention of stable bicycles. D. Milder weather in recent years.
38. How did one bicycle store owner help the winter cyclists
A. She sells bicycles at a very low price.
B. She makes cycling in winter less dangerous.
C. She helps improve cyclists’ confidence when riding.
D. She invents a new way to reduce the frequency of maintenance.
39. The underlined word “discernibility” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
A. visibility B. popularity
C. congestion D. creativity
【答案】36. C 37. C 38. D 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冬季骑自行车的人为什么增加了，以及最后提出不建议雪天骑自行车。
【36题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Today, however, it is estimated that 4-5% of cyclists ride bikes year-round.(然而，今天，据估计4-5%的骑自行车的人全年都骑自行车)”以及第二段“The increasing popularity of winter cycling is due to the creation of mountain bike and its imitation.(冬季自行车的日益普及是由于山地车的创造和模仿)”以及第三段中“Besides all these mentioned above, there is one thing that has made winter riding more popular these years.(除了上面提到的这些，还有一件事使冬季骑行在这些年来变得更受欢迎)”可知，本文主要讲述冬季自行车运动的流行及其原因。故选C项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The increasing popularity of winter cycling is due to the creation of mountain bike and its imitation. Equipped with more stable bicycles, nothing seems to be able to stop the adventurous winter cyclists.(冬季自行车的日益普及是由于山地车的创造和模仿。配备了更稳定的自行车，似乎没有什么能阻止冒险的冬季自行车手)”可知，因为稳定自行车的发明导致冬季骑行不再是一种罕见的景象。故选C项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the past, cyclists need to clean and oil their bicycle chains once a week, which is no easy task. But one bicycle store owner tackled this weekly challenging task with an innovated complete chain cover. With bicycle chains completely covered, cyclists would need to do the troublesome work once every six months.(在过去，骑自行车人需要每周清洁一次自行车链，并为其上油，这不是一项容易的任务。但一位自行车店主用一种创新的完整链条套解决了这个每周都具有挑战性的任务。在完全覆盖自行车链条的情况下，骑自行车的人每六个月就需要做一次这项麻烦的工作)”可知，一位自行车店主发明了一种减少维修频率的新方法来帮助冬季骑自行车的人。故选D项。
【39题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词前文“Despite this amazing invention, the store owner still advises cyclists to take a taxi or bus when it’s really snowing heavily, not because conditions are too hard for bicycles, but because she is afraid that many bikers may lose confidence in themselves(尽管有了这个惊人的发明，但店主还是建议骑车的人在真正下雪的时候乘坐出租车或公共汽车，这并不是因为条件对自行车来说太艰苦，而是因为她担心很多骑车的人对自己失去信心)”可知，不推荐下大雪时骑自行车，不是因为雪天条件艰苦，而更多是因为雪天能见度下降，而失去信心。所以可推测discernibility为“能见度”之意，和A项“visibility”意思相近。故选A项。
8.静安区
I still had a few minutes, so I swung into the cafeteria to grab a coffee. That’s when I spotted him: a threatening-looking punk rocker with biker leathers and black leather boots.
Honestly, his look scared me, so I quickly went out trying to avoid a potential encounter.
It was 1988, and I was a “mature” journalism student, heading to my favorite elective: Sociology-Study of Deviance. Our gray-haired professor was a straight shooter. He usually brought in guest speakers who represented “deviance”. Our guest speakers included an outlandish dancer, a tarot-card reader or even an alcohol addict. And when I was curious that day to see who this session’s speaker was, “Mr. punk rocker” walked in.
He started to talk in a soft voice and told us he was a university student, who lived with his grandma who needed help in every aspect. Therefore, he moved in with her and helped with the cooking and shopping, cleaning and laundry. He made sure she took her meds and tried to make her laugh at least once a day. He described it as a “win-win” for both of them, but I suspected that it was a lot tougher than he made it sound.
And then he said: “I just figure it’s normal for you to feel negative about me because of the way I look. But isn’t that the reason for the existence of such a course named Study of Deviance ”
Wow. Just wow.
“It’s hair and clothing,” he said. “I don’t plan to look this way forever, but for now I like it, and do you think it makes me deviant ”
Every so often, I think about that young man. He’d be about fifty now and couldn’t realize how he influenced me. Because of his visit that day, my kids were allowed to wear whatever they wanted, as long as it was relatively clean and not morally abusive. They are upright and kind kids although they sometimes surprise us with red hair or strange trousers. And I am also happy that I do my selective of Sociology-Study of Deviance well.
36. The underlined word deviance in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A. dressing. B. style C. abnormality D. maturity
37. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the guest speaker is TRUE
A. He was dressed in a frightening way on purpose in order to surprise the students.
B. He recognized the author and tried to tutor her during the session.
C. He wasn’t aware that many people misjudged him.
D. His behaviors didn’t match the appearance he presented.
38. Why does the author think she does the course well
A. Because she has learned to enjoy varied fashion styles.
B. Because she didn’t miss any of the course sessions.
C. Because she knows appearance doesn’t equal one’s quality.
D. Because she understands how to educate her kids.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者深深地受到选修课中“Mr. punk rocker”的影响，让她明白了外表不等于品质的道理。
【36题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Our guest speakers included an outlandish dancer, a tarot-card reader or even an alcohol addict. And when I was curious that day to see who this session’s speaker was, “Mr. punk rocker” walked in.(我们的演讲嘉宾包括一个古怪的舞者，一个塔罗牌占卜者，甚至还有一个酒鬼。那天，当我好奇地想看看这次会议的演讲者是谁时，“朋克摇滚先生”走了进来。)”可知，作者所选择的选修课的演讲嘉宾都是一些“社会失常行为者”的代表。故划线词与abnormality为同义词，意为“失常，异常行为”。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“That’s when I spotted him: a threatening-looking punk rocker with biker leathers and black leather boots.(就在那时，我发现了他：一个看起来很有威胁性的朋克摇滚歌手，穿着机车皮衣和黑色皮靴。)”以及第四段“Therefore, he moved in with her and helped with the cooking and shopping, cleaning and laundry. He made sure she took her meds and tried to make her laugh at least once a day.( 因此，他搬去和她住在一起，帮忙做饭、购物、打扫和洗衣服。他确保她按时吃药，每天至少逗她笑一次。)”以及第五段中“And then he said: “I just figure it’s normal for you to feel negative about me because of the way I look.”(然后他说:“我只是觉得你因为我的长相而对我有负面的感觉很正常。)”可知，该名选修课的演讲嘉宾着装异常，但对自己的奶奶是无微不至的照顾。通过外表并不能由此就判定该人士是社会越轨者。而通过该嘉宾所说的内容可知，很多人只是因为他的外表穿着和长相由此对其产生了负面的感觉，这是不合理的。为此可以推断，他的行为与他的外表是不相符。故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Because of his visit that day, my kids were allowed to wear whatever they wanted, as long as it was relatively clean and not morally abusive. They are upright and kind kids although they sometimes surprise us with red hair or strange trousers. (因为那天他的来访，我的孩子们可以穿任何他们想穿的衣服，只要相对干净，没有道德上的忌讳。他们是正直和善良的孩子，虽然他们有时会让我们惊讶的红头发或奇怪的裤子。)”可知，作者深深地受到了该位演讲嘉宾的影响，在教育子女方面，作者明确的知道虽然有时候孩子们穿着怪异，但是他们本身确实正直和善良的孩子，即她知道外表不等于品质。这是作者学好这门选修课的原因。故选C。
9.闵行区
Raccoons are arguably the most successful urban carnivore (食肉动物) in North America. They maintain large populations in most U.S. cities and are certainly just as common in Chicago, though actual population estimates are unknown. Almost anyone who has spent time outdoors at night has likely seen one, and they are quite difficult to confuse with anything else — their fat bodies, and mask-like facial markings, make them quite distinctive, and even perhaps charming.
A typical urban raccoon is able to eat virtually anything. Their diet includes earthworms, carrion, plant matter, cat food, and all kind of discarded human food waste. Raccoons are probably the most advanced wildlife which can dive our dustbins. Their paws (爪子) are quite dexterous and enable them to access closed garbage dustbins. Raccoons are also capable climbers and can be found on the top of fences and in trees. While they are typically solitary, they are willing to tolerate crowds of other raccoons if high quality food resources are present. They give birth once and sometimes twice a year in late spring and make use of a wide variety of den (巢穴) sites, including hollow trees, chimneys, etc. Because they make dens in a variety of human structures, raccoons can be a source of human-wildlife conflict, through direct confrontation with humans, property damage caused by their activities, and, perhaps most critically, through the transmission of disease. Leptospirosis, canine distemper, raccoon roundworm, and rabies are the most important zoonotic (人畜共患的) diseases carried by raccoons. Rabies in particular has had a massive effect on raccoon populations and caused a public health attention, to the point where use of vaccine have been attempted in some cities.
In most cases where raccoons are reported by the public, no management action is necessary. Large packs of raccoons, such as those often sighted along the lakeshore path, likely suggest a large artificial food source, such as people deliberately feeding raccoons on unchecked garbage. These large gatherings present a high disease risk and people should be strongly discouraged from feeding raccoons or leaving food outside for them. In cases where there is evidence of disease, individual raccoons will need to be trapped and killed.
56. What do we know about raccoons from the first paragraph
A. They are unknown in Chicago. B. They are easily recognized.
C. They tend to attack people at night. D. They are declining in population.
57. The word “dexterous” (in paragraph two) probably means “______”.
A. skillful B. mysterious C. invisible D. abnormal
58. From the sentence “While they are typically…” (in paragraph two), we know that raccoons prefer to ______.
A. share food B. be in crowd
C. live separately D. hide high quality food
59. What do we know from the last paragraph
A. People are encouraged to feed raccoons.
B. Raccoons are killed as food source for people.
C. Immediate measures are adopted when raccoons are found.
D. Extreme actions may be taken to deal with racoons carrying disease.
【答案】56. B 57. A 58. C 59. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了浣熊可以说是北美最成功的城市食肉动物，即使在晚上，也会容易被辨认出来。其灵巧的爪子，善爬树和筑巢的能力，使浣熊在人类城市生活的“风生水起”，也因此会成为一些人畜共患疾病的传播者。因此，应该采取极端措施处理导致患病的浣熊。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Almost anyone who has spent time outdoors at night has likely seen one, and they are quite difficult to confuse with anything else — their fat bodies, and mask-like facial markings, make them quite distinctive, and even perhaps charming.(几乎任何一个晚上在户外呆过的人都可能见过它们，它们很难与其他任何东西相混淆——它们肥胖的身体和面具一样的面部斑纹，使它们非常独特，甚至可能很迷人。)”可知，浣熊因为其独特的肥胖的身体和面具一样的面部斑纹而容易被认出来。故选B项。
【57题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文的进一步解释“enable them to access closed garbage dustbins(使它们能够进入封闭的垃圾箱)”可知，浣熊的爪子使它们能够打开封闭的垃圾箱，由此可知，它们的爪子很灵巧。因此推知，“dexterous”应是“灵巧的”含义，与选项A“skilled”含义一致。故选A项。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据这句话“While they are typically solitary, they are willing to tolerate crowds of other raccoons if high quality food resources are present.(虽然它们通常是独居的，但如果有高质量的食物资源，它们愿意忍受其他浣熊的群居。)”可知，只有在有高质量的食物资源时，浣熊们才愿意过群居生活，一般情况下是独居。由此可推知，浣熊更喜欢独自生活。故选C项。
【59题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章末尾部分内容“In cases where there is evidence of disease, individual raccoons will need to be trapped and killed.(在有疾病证据的情况下，单个浣熊将需要被困住并杀死。)”可知，导致患病的浣熊将会被捕杀，即，采取捕杀这种极端的方式对其进行处理。故选D项。
10.普陀区
Adjusting to a new sleep schedule at the start of the school year can lead to disturbed rest, daytime tiredness and changes in mood and focus for teens. Although they need eight to ten hours of sleep per night to maintain physical health, emotional well-being and school performance, according to the National Sleep Foundation, most adolescents get less than eight.
Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can get more shut-eye. “There are a lot of changes a teen goes through,” said Stephanie J. Crowley, PhD. “One specifically is a change to sleep biology that happens during adolescence.” Crowley said, “there are two competing forces: one to go to bed earlier for the school schedule and the other a biological change that happens naturally to a teen’s body.” Because of this complex conflict, RUSH researchers set out to test a two-week intervention that targets the circadian(昼夜节律的) system with different behavioral measures and tries to help the teens figure out a better nighttime routine.
To solve teen sleep shortage, the researchers used bright light therapy on two weekend mornings for a total of 2.5 hours. The bright light helps the internal clock to wake up a little earlier. This shift should make it easier for the teens to fall asleep at an appropriate time. Crowley and her team then helped them make up for sleep problems by providing time management tools and addressing barriers to an earlier bedtime, like limiting certain after-school activities.
Researchers were able to shift the teens’ bedtime by an hour and a half earlier, and their total sleep time increased by approximately an hour. “The interesting thing is that teens with late circadian clocks shifted by up to two hours earlier,” Crowley said. “And the teens who had an earlier circadian clock didn’t need to be shifted any earlier. They just needed the behavioral support of trying to manage their time in the evening and increase their sleep duration.” The researchers also found the teens in the intervention group were less tired, and less angry, and they exhibited better concentration. The students’ morning attention improved as well.
36. According to the author, what’s the major sleeping problem in teens
A. Most teens’ circadian clocks have changed.
B. Most teens get less than eight hours of sleep.
C. Too much sleep affects teens’ academic performance.
D. Teens have to get more sleep in order to go to school.
37. What’s the author’s purpose of mentioning two competing forces
A. To highlight the importance of circadian clock changes in teens.
B. To emphasize the significance of teens’ night-time routine.
C. To show the conflict between sleeping early and not wanting to sleep.
D. To build connection between sleeping earlier and rising earlier.
38. What can we learn about the bright light therapy
A. It makes teens go through many different changes.
B. It makes teens without enough sleep concentrate on their study.
C. It helps teens go to bed three hours earlier every day.
D. It does help teens develop good sleep patterns.
39. What is the best title of the passage
A. Teens’ Sleeping Time B. Helping Teens Get More Sleep
C. Experiment on Teens’ Behavior D. Improving Teens’ Concentration
【答案】36. B 37. A 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了大多数青少年的睡眠时间不够8小时，研究人员为了让青少年获得更多的睡眠，开展了一系列的研究。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although they need eight to ten hours of sleep per night to maintain physical health, emotional well-being and school performance, according to the National Sleep Foundation, most adolescents get less than eight. (根据美国国家睡眠基金会的数据，尽管青少年每晚需要8到10小时的睡眠来保持身体健康、情绪健康和学业表现，但大多数青少年的睡眠时间不到8小时)”可知，青少年的主要睡眠问题是大多数青少年的睡眠时间少于8小时。故选B。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can get more shut-eye. “There are a lot of changes a teen goes through,” said Stephanie J. Crowley, PhD. “One specifically is a change to sleep biology that happens during adolescence.” Crowley said, “there are two competing forces: one to go to bed earlier for the school schedule and the other a biological change that happens naturally to a teen’s body.”(RUSH在《睡眠》杂志上最新发表的研究揭示了青少年如何获得更多睡眠。“青少年会经历很多变化，” Stephanie J. Crowley博士说。“其中一个特别的变化是发生在青春期的睡眠生物学变化。”克劳利说：“有两种相互竞争的力量：一种是为了学校安排早点睡觉，另一种是青少年身体自然发生的生理变化。”)”可推知，作者提到两种相互竞争的力量的目的是为了强调青少年生物钟变化的重要性。故选A。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“To solve teen sleep shortage, the researchers used bright light therapy on two weekend mornings for a total of 2.5 hours. The bright light helps the internal clock to wake up a little earlier. This shift should make it easier for the teens to fall asleep at an appropriate time. (为了解决青少年睡眠不足的问题，研究人员在周末的两个早晨使用强光疗法，共计2.5小时。明亮的光线有助于生物钟早一点醒来。这种转变会让青少年更容易在适当的时间入睡)”可知，强光疗法确实有助于青少年养成良好的睡眠模式。故选D。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Newly published research from RUSH in the journal SLEEP reveals how adolescents can get more shut-eye.( RUSH在《睡眠》杂志上最新发表的研究揭示了青少年如何获得更多睡眠)”可知，B选项“帮助青少年获得更多的睡眠”最符合文章标题。故选B。
11.青浦区
Arens, a driver of a delivery company, was making his rounds near a pond in Bozeman, Montana, when he heard an unearthly sound.
It was December 2018, and about 15 feet from the frozen banks was the source of that cry — a half- submerged brown- and- white wirehaired dog, struggling to hold on to a thin layer of ice.
How she got there no one knows, but an elderly man was already on the scene, determined to save her. He’d entered the pond in a rowboat and was hacking a way at the ice with a rock to create a path to the dog.
It was slow going, and Arens, 44 , thought he stood a better chance. He took off his clothes, even though the temperature was -30℃ , and jumped into the rowboat.
His heart beating fast, Arens slid closer to the dog and used the other man’s rock to smash away at the ice. He gave himself a strong pull and slipped off the boat, crashing into 1 6 feet of freezing water. He resurfaced in time to see the dog going under. Using nervous energy to keep warm, he swam about five feet toward her, grabbed hold of her collar, and pulled her to the ice. He then boosted the dog into the boat and slid it back to the shore, where anxious bystanders carried the dog to the home of the rowboat owner.
Once in the house himself, Arens jumped into a warm shower with the dog until they both felt warmer.
A few more minutes in the pond, the vet (兽医) told Arens, and she would have likely suffered heart failure.
The next day, Arens was back working in the same neighborhood when the dog’s owner came over to thank him for saving Sadie.
Arens says, “ That special delivery was the highlight of my career.”
36. What does the underlined word “ hacking” in paragraph three most probably mean
A. cutting B. finding C. mending D. adopting
37. Why does Arens think “he stood a better chance” (in paragraph four) according to the passage
A. He was able to jump into the rowboat. B. He had better nerves to keep warm.
C. He had an advantage in age. D. He was a faster swimmer.
38. Which of the following statements is true about the incident
A. After saving the dog, Arens carried her home.
B. Arens jumped into the river on seeing the dog.
C. The dog was hunting when she fell into the water.
D. Without Aren’s help, the dog could hardly survive.
39. What is the main idea of the passage
A. A story of a pet lover. B. A special delivery of a driver.
C. A dog suffering from heart attack. D. A fight against freezing water.
【答案】36. A 37. C 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲是一位汽车司机从冰冷的水里救出一只宠物狗的故事。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“It was December 2018, and about 15 feet from the frozen banks was the source of that cry — a half- submerged brown- and- white wirehaired dog, struggling to hold on to a thin layer of ice.(那是2018年12月，距离结冰的河岸大约15英尺的地方传来了那声喊叫——一只半淹在水里的棕白相间的毛狗，挣扎着抓住一层薄薄的冰。)”以及第三段“How she got there no one knows, but an elderly man was already on the scene, determined to save her. He’d entered the pond in a rowboat and was hacking a way at the ice with a rock to create a path to the dog.(没有人知道她是怎么到那里的，但一位老人已经在现场，决心要救她。他乘划艇进入池塘，用一块石头在冰上凿出一条路，给狗狗开一条路。)”以及第五段“His heart beating fast, Arens slid closer to the dog and used the other man’s rock to smash away at the ice.( Arens的心怦怦直跳，他向狗靠得更近，用另一个人的石头砸开了冰。)”可知狗狗被困在了距离结冰河岸很远的地方，所以想要救出它必须破冰找路，所以此处划线词的意思应与A项cutting意思相近。故选A项。
37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“but an elderly man was already on the scene, determined to save her. He’d entered the pond in a rowboat and was hacking a way at the ice with a rock to create a path to the dog.(但一位老人已经在现场，决心要救她。他乘划艇进入池塘，用一块石头在冰上凿出一条路，给狗狗开一条路。)”以及第三段“It was slow going, and Arens, 44 , thought he stood a better chance. He took off his clothes, even though the temperature was -30℃ , and jumped into the rowboat.(这是一个缓慢的过程，44岁的阿伦斯认为他有更好的机会。尽管气温有零下30℃，他还是脱下了衣服，跳进了划艇。)”可知虽然一位老人已经在用一块石头在冰上凿冰开路了，但是老人的动作进展太缓慢，而44岁的Arens就用石头凿冰而言在体力上是有优势的。故选C项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“He then boosted the dog into the boat and slid it back to the shore, where anxious bystanders carried the dog to the home of the rowboat owner. (然后他把狗推到船上，把它滑回岸边，焦急的旁观者把狗抱到了船主的家里。)”可知Arens救了狗狗之后并没有将它带回自己的家，选项A不对；依据第四段“It was slow going, and Arens, 44 , thought he stood a better chance. He took off his clothes, even though the temperature was -30℃ , and jumped into the rowboat.(这是一个缓慢的过程，44岁的Arens认为他有更好的机会。尽管气温只有零下30℃，他还是脱下了衣服，跳进了划艇。)可知44岁的Arens并没有在见到狗狗之后就直接跳进了水里，而是等了一个合适的时机，所以选项B不对；依据第三段“How she got there no one knows,(没人知道她是怎么到那里的，)”可知没有人知道狗狗是如何到了那个地方的，所以不确定是否是在觅食，所以选项C不对，根据第五段“His heart beating fast, Arens slid closer to the dog and used the other man’s rock to smash away at the ice. He gave himself a strong pull and slipped off the boat, crashing into 1 6 feet of freezing water. He resurfaced in time to see the dog going under. Using nervous energy to keep warm, he swam about five feet toward her, grabbed hold of her collar, and pulled her to the ice. He then boosted the dog into the boat and slid it back to the shore, where anxious bystanders carried the dog to the home of the rowboat owner.( Arens的心怦怦直跳，他向狗靠得更近，用另一个人的石头砸开了冰。他用力一拉，从船上滑了下去，掉进了16英尺深的冰冷海水中。他及时浮出水面，看见那条狗沉下去了。他用紧张的精力保持体温，向她游了大约5英尺，抓住的它衣领，把它拉到冰上。然后他把狗推到船上，把它滑回岸边，焦急的旁观者把狗抱到了船主的家里。)”可知正是Arens的及时出手救了狗狗，所以没有Arens的帮助狗狗就不可能活下来。故选D项。
【39题详解】
主旨大意题。文章一二段“Arens, a driver of a delivery company, was making his rounds near a pond in Bozeman, Montana, when he heard an unearthly sound.( Arens是一家快递公司的司机，当时他正在蒙大拿州Bozeman的一个池塘附近巡视，突然听到了一种不寻常的声音。)”以及“It was December 2018, and about 15 feet from the frozen banks was the source of that cry — a half- submerged brown- and- white wirehaired dog, struggling to hold on to a thin layer of ice.(那是2018年12月，距离结冰的河岸大约15英尺的地方传来了那声喊叫——一只半淹在水里的棕白相间的毛狗，挣扎着抓住一层薄薄的冰。)”讲的是汽车司机救狗狗的背景，三、四、五段主要讲汽车司机救狗狗的经过，最后四段主要讲的是救狗之后的情况以及司机对这件事的看法。纵观全文，文章都在围绕着快递司机的救狗经过展开，所以选项B A special delivery of a driver作为文章的题目最合适。故选B项。
12.松江区
Whenever I ask to go to the movies, my mom’s first response is always “No!” When I want to go dancing, she adds a firm “No! No! No!” for emphasis. She claims she is only trying to protect me from what she calls “bad elements”.
On a sunny day, Mom rejected my request to go to West Indian Day Parade and insisted I accompany her as she worked cleaning a large house. I followed her to a grand dining room, watching her apply lemon-scented polish to the furniture. I imagined my friends dressing up in fancy costumes, enjoying the celebratory time at the parade. I glared at my mother, hoping she could feel the anger I was directing her way.
But as I watched, my emotions began to change. I noticed how tenderly she rubbed her dusting cloth along a large piano in the corner. “Is this like your piano in Guyana, Mom ” I asked. “Yes. This baby grand piano is exactly like the one my Dad bought me when I was your age.” Her sigh was full of longing.
I knew that my mother had been a talented pianist. I vaguely recalled dancing under the piano when she practiced for hours every day. Now she could barely play for our church choir because her fingers were gnarled from so many days spent cleaning other people’s homes.
“Stop!” Mrs. Smithers, the homeowner, yelled, “That’s a very valuable instrument!”
“I am well aware of that.” she said slowly, “I play for my church.”
“But that’s not a church-music piano. We play classical music on that piano.”
I watched as my mother’s eyes narrowed and her face tightened. I felt the same tightening in my chest.
“You don’t know anything about us … or pianos!” I screamed. Immediately I worried I had done something wrong, but I also felt the tightening in my chest loosened.
I waited for my mother to blame me, but instead she glanced my way, smiling proudly. “That’s all I have time for today. My daughter and I are going to the e on, love.”
“But Veronica, you will return next week, right ”
“No!” said my mother, “No! No! No!”
56. The underlined word “gnarled” in paragraph 4 probably means ______.
A. rough and twisted B. clean and swift
C. painful but sensitive D. bent but flexible
57. What do you know about the mother according to the article
A. She regretted being a cleaning woman.
B. She quit her hobby to support the family.
C. She refused the daughter’s request due to the tight budget.
D. She wished her daughter to become a well-respected pianist.
58. How did the writer’s attitude toward her mother change on the day
A. From critical to ashamed. B. From fearful to respectful.
C. From pitiful to understanding. D. From angry to sympathetic.
59. What does the story mainly want to express
A. Don’t look down upon those inferior to you.
B. Reaching out for those in trouble can be rewarding.
C. Understanding others’ experiences helps identify with them.
D. Don’t abandon your idea even if one shows strong disagreement.
【答案】56. A 57. B 58. D 59. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了作者被迫跟着妈妈去她打扫卫生的房子，一开始因为不能和朋友们一起参加游行而生妈妈的气，后来看钢琴想起妈妈为了养家而放弃自己的爱好，当房子主人轻视妈妈时，作者感同身受，并帮着反击。
【56题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子“Now she could barely play for our church choir because her fingers were gnarled from so many days spent cleaning other people’s homes.(现在她几乎不能为我们教堂的唱诗班演奏了，因为她的手指因为长时间打扫别人的房子而变得gnarled)”可知，作者的母亲长时间为别人打扫，不能再为教堂唱诗班演奏，由此可知她的手指一定是变得粗糙扭曲了，即划线词意为“粗糙扭曲的”。故选A。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“I knew that my mother had been a talented pianist. I vaguely recalled dancing under the piano when she practiced for hours every day. Now she could barely play for our church choir because her fingers were gnarled from so many days spent cleaning other people’s homes.(我知道我的母亲是一位有天赋的钢琴家。我依稀记得她每天练习几个小时，而我随着曲子跳舞。现在她几乎不能为我们教堂的唱诗班演奏了，因为她的手指因为长时间打扫别人的房子而变得粗糙)”可知，作者的妈妈为了养家糊口而放弃了自己的爱好。故选B。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“I glared at my mother, hoping she could feel the anger I was directing her way.(我瞪着母亲，希望她能感受到我对她的愤怒)”和倒数第五段的“I watched as my mother’s eyes narrowed and her face tightened. I felt the same tightening in my chest.(我看着母亲眯起眼睛，脸色凝重。我的胸口也有同样的压迫感)”推知，那天作者对妈妈的态度从愤怒变成了同情。故选D。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者被迫跟着妈妈去她打扫卫生的房子，一开始因为不能和朋友们一起参加游行而生妈妈的气，后来看钢琴想起妈妈为了养家而放弃自己的爱好，当房子主人轻视妈妈时，作者感同身受，并帮着反击。通过这次经历，作者理解了妈妈。由此推知，作者想要通过这个故事表达“理解他人的经历有助于与他们产生共鸣”。故选C。
13.徐汇区
Jacob hated finishing things almost as much as he loved starting them. As a result, he had gotten into a million hobbies and activities, but he never stuck with any of them long enough to get any good.
He begged his mother for months for a guitar so that he could play Black Eyed Peas songs to Angie, a girl he liked, but after he finally got one for Christmas, he found out that guitars don’t play themselves. He took a few lessons, but the strings hurt his fingers and he didn’t like holding the pick, so now the five-hundred dollar guitar lives under his bed.
After reading an ad in the back of one of his comic books, Jacob decided that he wanted a Wonder-Sweeper 5000 metal detector, so that he could find buried treasure. So he mowed lawns all summer and shoveled driveways all winter. He didn’t spend his money on ice-cream like his younger brother, Alex. By the time spring came he had saved $200, and he purchased the Wonder-Sweeper 5000 metal detector. He beeped it around the park for a while, be he soon found out that no one had ever left any treasure in his neighborhood. He buried the metal detector in his closest.
Given Jacob’s history with hobbies, it was no surprise that Jacob’s father was reluctant to buy him a magician’s kit for his birthday. Jacob was insistent. “Dad, this time I’ll stick wi
