中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
专题0
7
：
六选四
-2023年上海十六区高三英语一模汇编
)
1.宝山区
Many people drink protein shakes (高蛋白饮品) regularly to lose weight, build muscle or both. Others, however, question the belief that protein shakes are better than normal, high-protein foods. So what is the truth
What is in a protein shake
Protein shakes are dietary supplements (膳食补充品) designed to help people consume more protein than they otherwise would. ___47___ Or people can mix their own shakes using protein powder and other ingredients. Protein powder can be made from plants or animals. Plant-based protein shakes can include soy, pea or rice protein. Animal-based protein powders are usually made from cow’s milk. Those who want to stay away from milk can also get protein powder made from egg whites.
Advantages of protein shakes
Studies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build your muscle. They can also help to improve your performance while exercising and help you to recover from exercise. ___48___
Consuming protein shakes can also help you lose weight. Eating a high-protein diet helps you feel full, so it’s easier to resist eating too much. High-protein diets can also increase how quickly your body burns energy. When you use more energy than you take in through food, you lose weight. ___49___
Disadvantages of protein shakes
However, you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet. Many wholefoods are rich in protein. As a matter of fact, the people in many high-protein diet studies didn’t drink protein shakes The studies proved the benefits of eating protein-rich foods. ___50___ In contrast, many protein shakes contain sugar or artificial sweeteners, which are not healthy.
To sum up
So yes, protein shakes are convenient, and they work. However, they are not your only choice for eating a high-protein diet.
A. And if you’re losing weight, protein shakes can help make sure that you don’t lose muscle.
B. Protein shakes can also help people to manage their figures, especially their weight.
C. Moreover, these foods contain other nutrients in addition to protein.
D. Therefore, it is unnecessary to take protein shakes unless it is a must.
E. Protein shakes can be ready-made drinks.
F. And high-protein diets have also been linked to the loss of fat.
2.崇明区
Israeli Company Develops 3D Printed Beef
If there were an award for the funniest company name of 2022, then the 3D printed meat company “Steakholder” would win that award.
Israeli company Steakholder Foods Ltd. has introduced its new product, Omakase Beef Morsels, which are bioprinted with cultured meat. The bites are inspired by the world-famous Wagyu beef, famous for its fat marbling patterns (大理石花纹) in the meat, which is also very expensive.
The company was formed in 2019 and has an office in Israel and Belgium, and is now expanding its operations to the US. ____67____
Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks. ____68____ A bite can be made juicier, chewier, and the taste can also be altered.
The process works by first selecting the animals to extract (提取) the stem cells from. The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield. The next step is proliferation, in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply. When the cells reach appropriate numbers, the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells. ____69____
“This product marks a major step forward for us and for the cultured meat industry in general,” said Arik Kaufman, CEO of Steakholder Foods. “It is the result of a lot of hard work and our desire to achieve the highest level of meat possible through bioprinting and cell culture processes.”
____70____ Its patent for 3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its 3D printing engineers and cell biologists. “We see Omakase Beef Morsels as the combination of food, technology and fine art,” Kaufman said. “We want to inspire chefs around the world to create delicious masterpieces and unforgettable dining experiences.”
So there you have it, guilt-free meat eating may be just around the corner.
A. The company has already achieved several milestones since it was founded.
B. Its goal is to create sustainable meat products to replace meats such as beef, chicken and even fish.
C. The layers of meat and fat can be regrouped in different proportions to create different flavor experiences.
D. Additionally, producing meat without having to raise and kill cattle may work out better for ensuring animal welfare and overall health.
E. The meat product is the first of its kind and was created using a specific 3D-bioprinting technology that was recently patented by the company.
F. In the final steps, the muscle cells and fat cells are turned into meat, ready to be processed into the final product, whether it’s a burger, steak, or even a meatloaf.
3.奉贤区
At a Loss for Words
Imagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task. As a last word before they disappear, you want to encourage them. What might you say If you are speaking English, the likeliest choice is “good luck”.
If you stop to think about it, that is a little odd. Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability. ____47____ That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”.
English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”. ____48____ However, in other languages it is perfectly usual.
____49____ English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year. The Dutch also say “gefeliciteerd” to members of the family, including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother. This is close to obligatory(义务的)，while it would come as a strange surprise in English.
It is tempting to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language. ____50____ For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there. Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wife’s birthday, and you can prepare for a delighted smile back. It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try.
A. Special occasions are another way in which languages differ.
B. It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary.
C. What you really want to wish them is courage not fortune.
D. Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it.
E. You can say that phrase if you like, but your neighbour would look at you strangely.
F. But not having a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t coin one—or borrow it.
4.虹口区
Social Engineering
When using social media, many users may not be thinking of the social engineering implications that can arise with too much over-sharing of personal information. However, what people share in posts can paint a very vivid picture of a person – which can then be misused by hackers.
“____47____ Social engineering is the number one cause of most spiteful data breaches (泄露),” said Roger Grimes, data-driven defense specialist at cyber security firm KnowBe4. “Nothing else is even close, percentage-wise,” Grimes warned, “Nearly every organization could best improve their cyber security defense plans if they focused far more on reducing the likelihood of social engineering. No other single defense could do more to protect an organization against hacking and malware (恶意软件).”
“Every organization should look to see what they can improve in their defense-in-depth plan (e.g., policies, technical defenses, and education) to defeat social engineering. It is because almost no organization appropriately focuses the necessary resources and training against social engineering that allows hackers and malware to be so long-term successful. ____48____”
The security experts warn that even in the context of “social media,” users shouldn’t let their guard down. ____49____ “As individuals, we are aware of the personal threats posed by cyber attacks directed against us,” suggested Erfan, cyber security expert at data security Comforte AG. “To avoid being victimized, it’s best to operate under the mindset that digital footprints exist everywhere and can never be completely wiped out.”
“As members of businesses and organizations, we know that enterprise data is always a tempting target for hackers,” Erfan continued. “____50____ Preventing attacks and breaches is not 100 percent fool-proof, so we can only hope that big techs have instituted the measures of data-centric security applied directly to data in case that sensitive information falls into the wrong hands.”
A. In fact, this is where users should actually adopt a more cautious attitude.
B. The recent attack against Twitter should underscore the need for data-centric security.
C. For developers, this vulnerability also shows there’s still a need for proper input validation and ensure that any request is authorized.
D. Hackers love that defenders are distracted and don’t focus appropriate resources on the number one threat.
E. Organizations should make a joint effort to protect the sensitive data from exploitation.
F. This is just one more example of the success of social engineering used by hackers.
5.黄浦区
How to show others you care
The idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. ___47___
“I have found that kindness can be a really hard sell,” said Tara Cousineau, a clinical psychologist, “People desire kindness yet often feel troubled by the thought of being kind.” ___48___ They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.
___49___ Jennifer Oldham, who lost her 9-year-old daughter Hallie in July, recently created a Facebook group — Keeping Kindness for Hallie — that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie’s honor. “It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients,” said Ms. Oldham.
If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts, or if it does not come naturally to you, start by thinking about what you like to do. It’s not about you being like, ‘Oh man, now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’. It’s about: ___50___ And how can you turn that into an offering for other people
A. What skills and talents do you already have
B. Stress can also keep people from being kind to others.
C. Why are recipients less likely to appreciate a random act of kindness
D. But an act of kindness is unlikely to fail, and in some instances it can create even more kindness.
E. People who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it.
F. But researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
6.嘉定区
Out-of-control SpaceX Rocket
A SpaceX rocket is now headed directly for the moon after spending almost seven years flying through space, experts say. The rocket was originally launched to send a space weather satellite to the Lagrange point— a gravity-neutral position four times farther than the moon and in direct line with the sun. ____47____
At this phase, it did not have enough fuel to return to Earth’s atmosphere. But meanwhile it lacked the energy to escape the gravity of the Earth-Moon system. ____48____ Space observers believe that it is on course to intersect (相交) with the moon. Bill Gray, who writes software to track near-Earth objects, has said the rocket will very likely hit the far side of the moon, near the equator. “This is the first unintentional case of space junk hitting the moon of which I’m aware,” Gray added.
____49____ Because of the unpredictable effect of sunlight “pushing” on the rocket and “difficulty in measuring rotation (旋转) periods”, its orbit may be slightly altered. “But these unpredictable effects are very small,” Gray wrote. He added that further observations were needed to decide the precise time and location of the impact. In a recent blog post, he wrote that the rocket has made a close lunar flyby, and will definitely make an impact.
As for whether the collision (相撞) could be viewed from Earth, Gray says it will probably go unobserved.” Even if it hit on the near side of the moon, the impact occurs a couple of days after New Moon, which was hardly observable, he added, “to me, the impact was not a big deal.” ____50____ They believe that the event will allow for observation of valuable lunar materials ejected (弹射) by the rockets strike.
A. So the rocket has been following a somewhat chaotic orbit since.
B. Nevertheless, space enthusiasts believe the impact could provide valuable data.
C. It was part of SpaceX’s space exploration programme.
D. But after completing a long burn of its engines, the rocket’s second phase became a problem.
E. The exact spot that the rocket will hit remains unclear.
F. The lunar phase reveals the passage of time in the night sky.
7.金山区
I Am Not a Robot
An annoyance, an important security feature, an uncomfortable request: however you feel about being asked to prove you are not a robot, it has become a daily occurrence for most of us, but perhaps not one we would miss if it were to suddenly go away.
A new feature in the latest versions of iOS and macOS, Apple’s operating systems for smartphones and computers, promises to give the boot to “captchas” once and for all. ____47____
“Sometimes a captcha is just a button to press,” said Apple engineer Tommy Pauly. “But other times it can be a challenge to fill out.”
The term captcha is in fact an acronym (首字母缩略词) for “completely automated public Turing test (图灵测试) to tell computers and humans apart.” To help stop fraud (欺诈), these little tests often pop up when you’re signing up for or onto a website.
____48____ If you get it wrong, it may ask you to start again, leading you to wonder if you really know what a traffic light looks like—or if you might really be a robot after all.
But captchas are now fast becoming unusable, making the Internet a wasteland of difficult puzzles. Users must struggle to do the most basic things. “We’ve literally all found ourselves at one time or another complaining: ‘Those were all the pictures with traffic lights,” said Effie Le Moignan, a researcher in social computing at Newcastle University.
Internet users struggle to tell the difference between a wear of paint on a sidewalk and a formalized crosswalk that’s often requested in a traditional captcha, and worry that one wrong answer may lock them out of an account. ____49____
“You likely don’t enjoy being interrupted by these,” said Apple’s Tommy Pauly. “I certainly don’t. The reason these experiences exist is to prevent dishonest activity. If you run a server, you don’t want it to be defeated by fraud. ____50____”
The company worked with Fastly and Cloudflare to build the new feature. It works by allowing your device to send a statement confirming it is being used by a human to the requesting website.
A. This is becoming a bigger issue as captchas have grown increasingly confusing.
B. Therefore, when faced with something really confusing, many people simply give up.
C. Most attempts to create accounts or to buy products come from common users, but some attempts can also come from attackers.
D. Called “automatic confirmation,” the technology will allow sites to confirm you are not a robot without you having to do anything at all.
E. These tests may ask you to spot all the traffic lights in a picture or to type out some special letters and numbers.
F. Although the service is tied to Apple’s iCloud network, the requesting site will not receive any personal information about the user or their device.
8.静安区
Recently, there’s been a lot of talk in U.S. about the “data problem.” It ought to give the “datadriven” school reformers pause to reconsider. Maybe we are just creating a bubble that too will burst if we continue to base our actions on the belief that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success.____47____ Margo, a famous commenter, states that at least tests are more “reliable” than professional judgment. How can she tell We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the “truth” can only be captured in one of four answers—a, b, c, or d. ____48____ But how can the general trend guarantee the reliability of the score of one particular test-taker Some educator dares to replace these tests with professional human judgments, which must still rest on a numerical rank order based on a, b, c and d. The big problem is that there is often no technical assurance for the reliability of such exams. No wonder many big-name psychologists avoid them.
All “reliability” tells us is that the student would get a similar score on a similar test if given at another time or place. But all scores on old or new tests have measurement errors. Like Wall Street’s numbers, we have no independent basis for relying on these scores. Likewise, validity is in the eye of a certain standard of judgments. How ridiculous it is to say for sure that these judgments are justified!
When some parents told me that their children seemed to read well, but scored poorly, they often believed the indirect evidence, test score, and not the direct evidence, listening to their children read. Some parents had been trained to distrust judgment and rely on “real evidence”. My own 8-year-old son also used to “fail” a 3rd grade reading test even though I “knew” he could read fluently. ____49____
We need schools that “train” our judgment, which help us become adults who are in the habit of bringing judgment to bear on complex phenomenon. ____50____ It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree of uncertainty. Only in this way, can we, to some extent, rely on the results of the school education in the U.S.
A. Even the technical meaning of “good tests” is open to question.
B. It’s when I became a test doubter.
C. Different groups of people fit different test patterns.
D. On all achievement tests, we’re promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve (曲线).
E. This includes judging which expertise to “trust” and defending such choices.
F. Time spent on standardized tests is, in many cases, equal to that on study.
9.闵行区
Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person. ____67____ People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.
____68____ The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.
The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy.
____69____ Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.
In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure. ____70____ This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with. A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind.
A. There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.
B. Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment.
C. For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.
D. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.
E. So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally.
F. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.
10.普陀区
Engaging in Family Meals
Engaging in family meals may be a matter of improving communication and support at home. A new study in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, published by Elsevier, connects less family discouragement and better family communication with a higher likelihood to eat evening family meals and family breakfasts together, and not in front of a television. The researchers surveyed 259 patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University. ______47______
“It’s important to note all family members in the home have influence,” lead study author Keeley J. Pratt, PhD, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home. ______48______ The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid’s weight, also called “weight talk.”
“While open communication with children about health is beneficial, it’s important to ensure communication directly about children’s weight is not harmful in their development of a healthy body image and behaviors. That includes older children and adolescents who are at greater risk of developing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors,” Professor Pratt said. ______49______ Families with younger children, regardless of gender, were more likely to eat family dinners and breakfasts together, and parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child. As kids grow up, the relationship between kids and their parents becomes better.
______50______ “Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss, prevent the beginning of obesity in children, and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight,” Professor Pratt said.
A. The study shows parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.
B. They found parents with better family communication were more likely to participate in family meals.
C. There was no significant difference between male and female children in this study.
D. This was the first study specifically to examine the home eating habits of adult patients.
E. Previous study has shown parental obesity (肥胖) is the strongest risk for children’s obesity.
F. Someone has no power to influence the family, but they are influencing each other.
11.青浦区
Why gratitude is good for you
Gratitude is more than just saying “thank you” to someone who has helped us or given us a gift.
____47____ And this positive emotion can be good for our health — our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships.
Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude. There have been many studies, as described in a 2018 paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled “The Science of Gratitude” , showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal, if done regularly, improves mental health. ___48___ But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, like in a journal, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life. And this gets better with time. As we are essentially training our brain to be more in tune with noticing the positive, after several weeks or months, this becomes more intuitive. And so, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel.
____49____ There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality, better eating habits, and reduced infection in people who have had heart problems. So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives
The simple answer is “yes” . When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. ____50____ And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us. Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead
A. Gratitude can also make us feel good physically.
B. Therefore, it’s easy to tell that gratitude is advantageous to us.
C. It is the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express our thanks.
D. It can help promote stronger relationships with family, friends or even colleagues.
E. One reason for this, is that gratitude stops us from reflecting on negative emotions.
F. It is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion.
12.松江区
Shanghai Regulation to Help Boost AI
Shanghai’s decision to boost the development of the artificial intelligence industry will promote the city’s digital transformation and its efforts to build itself into an international AI highland, experts said in an interview.
The city passed a regulation on boosting AI just months ago, marking the first such effort in China at the provincial level. ___67___
“This regulation emphasizes industry innovation and guidance for future development,” said Yan Rui, director of legal affairs in the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress, at a recent media briefing. “___68___ It will also strongly support the digital transformation of Shanghai, and assist creation of an AI highland with global influence.” Yan said.
One highlight of the AI regulation is that the municipal departments concerned could draw up lists of minor violations during the development of the AI industry which would not receive administrative punishment. “___69___ It is the same case with AI. Therefore, it is an international agreement to allow for minor errors during the research and development process,” said Weng Guanxi, a lawyer at a Shanghai-based law firm. The regulation gives a clear definition of AI and the AI industry and encourages innovative activities in the field by people, enterprises and organizations.
___70___ In 2021, the combined output value of AI enterprises above a designated size, or with an annual revenue of 20 million yuan ($16.85 million) or above, reached 305 billion yuan, 2.28 times that of 2018, according to China Securities Journal. The number of talented professionals working in the AI field in Shanghai has soared from 100,000 in 2018 to 230,000 in 2021, said a Xinhua News Agency report.
A. The AI industry worldwide is undergoing orderly transformation.
B. The regulation came into effect on October 1, just as planned.
C. Shanghai’s AI industry scale has expanded dramatically in the past few years.
D. Government and the related division’s responsibilities are all within the framework of established laws and regulations.
E. The regulation on AI intends to facilitate various stimulations for the high-quality development of the AI industry.
F. The core of scientific research is that it is a process of constantly making mistakes and distinguishing right from wrong.
13.徐汇区
Quiet Quitting
While not a new concept, the term “quiet quitting” has recently gained popularity on social media.
What is quiet quitting
Quiet quitting doesn’t mean an employee has left their job, but rather has limited their tasks to avoid working longer hours. ____47____ They stick to what is in their job description and when they go home, they leave work behind them and focus on non-work duties and activities.
____48____ It may also mean they are ready to change positions or may be currently looking for another job.
Why are employees quiet quitting
Quiet quitting may be a popular term, but this practice isn’t new. Workers have quietly quit their jobs for years to look for something new, whether it was because of poor pay, unmanageable workload, burnout or lack of growth opportunities.
Working from home has also changed the dynamics of the workplace because employees and managers are communicating in different ways through online meetings. These interactions may feel more formal than the chat sessions that happen in an office. Limited meetings can cause a disconnect between employees and management. ____49____
How can businesses help employees
The biggest way to prevent disengagement is to improve the employee experience. Talk to employees, gather their feedback and discuss what can be done to make them feel appreciated. Make sure workloads are realistic and that there are appropriate boundaries to maintain a work-life balance. It’s important to check in with employees to make sure these boundaries are clear and help establish an open and honest relationship.
Further, managers should clearly outline paths of career progression to each employee. ____50____ A recent report revealed that more than half of employees surveyed would accept 10% less pay in exchange for a “more interesting career path or more opportunities to learn new skills”.
A. Supporters argue that quiet quitting is a way to safeguard your mental health.
B. They set clear boundaries to improve work-life balance.
C. Regular support and praise that make employees feel valued and connected can get lost.
D. Managers must learn how to have conversations to help employees reduce disengagement and burnout.
E. However, quiet quitting could be a sign that an employee is not happy in their position.
F. Employees are more likely to be engaged when they have specific targets.
14.浦东新区
Eating meat is not a crime against the planet — if it’s done right
I have huge admiration for George Monbiot, a well-known columnist. His work has highlighted the urgent need to reduce our CO2 emissions and switch to greener energy. He has also shown intensive farming’s role in the dramatic levels of species decline and biodiversity loss. Much of what he writes is in line with my stand. ____67____
It is undeniable that the farming revolution of the 1950s has started a war on nature. These intensive ways of producing food are not only polluting our land and waterways, but are heating up our planet and contributing to a crisis in human health. We need to change the way we eat and produce food, and fast.
____68____But in a recent article, he wrote that organic, pasture-fed beef and lamb are the “world’s most damaging farm products.” He criticises “chefs and foodies” like me for focusing on regenerative grazing — farming that aims to repair, rebuild, revitalize and restore ecosystem function. His alternative vision includes a revolution in creating food in labs from microbes and water.
Although not opposed to the idea of lab-grown food, I am much more for small-scale community-driven farming.
____69____Methods that regenerative farmers propose have shown how non-intensive livestock, when managed well, can increase topsoil more than previously thought, which can then build up biomass (carbon) and keep precious rainwater. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, small-scale farmers currently produce about a third of our food.
____70____These inventions in new food technology are heavily patented, pushing the future of our food supply further into the hands of an increasingly small and powerful collection of multinational food players. In our race to look for better systems of food production. We cannot afford to ignore the risks.
A. Thus far Monbiot and I agree.
B. Monbiot’s enthusiasm for creating food in labs worries me.
C. That is because I believe in the potential of food to be a force for good.
D. Regenerative farming has produced untested food through small-scale farms.
E. The health impact of processed foods gets very little attention from the government.
F. However, regarding the solutions needed to change our farming and food systems, we have different views.
15.杨浦区
Touching Emoji(表情符号)
Distancing amid the COVID-19 pandemic has made both physical and social connections a touch more difficult to maintain. For Stanford University graduate student Millie Salvato, being apart from her mother on the opposite coast has proved challenging.
____67____ In a new study, she and her colleagues demonstrated a wearable sleeve that can simulate (模拟) human touch and convey abstract social messages sent electronically. Salvato and her team measured how 37 participants expressed social information in different situations. In each test, one person wore a pressure-sensing device on an arm, and another touched it to respond to situations involving six intended meanings: attention seeking, gratitude, happiness, calming, love and sadness
After collecting 661 touch movements-squeezes, strokes, shakes, pokes, and the like-Salvato and her colleagues mapped the location and pressure of each. ____68____ Finally, they programmed a wearable sleeve to simulate these movements using eight embedded disks that shake when electronically signaled.
“It doesn’t feel like an actual human hand ... but it doesn’t feel like these separate motions either,” Salvato says, as one might expect from large moving disks. “It feels nice, honestly.” ____69____ For comparison, a previous study from Gerling’s laboratory found participants could match situations for touches from real human hands 57 percent of the time.
In the new study, “I think it’s interesting that participants can reliably understand what touch has been delivered to them at a pretty high rate, given the scarce amount of information that they have available to them,” Gerling says.
Previous research has found that social touch is important for physical and mental health. ____70____
A. One can’t help but wonder when new tech will convey emotion through a virtual touch.
B. Even with no training, 30 new study participants correctly matched the simulated touches to the six situations 45 percent of the time.
C. Sometimes a text or video call is not enough, and people in Salvato’s situation often long for a way to send a loving touch or comforting squeeze from afar.
D. In the future, instead of just sending a <3 to a loved one by phone or computer, adding a “touch emoji” might help us feel just a little bit closer.
E. Next, they used a machine-learning software to select the movements that were most reliably part of each response.
F. “It’s a unique work that looks at how our social touch is delivered and then... how to reproduce it,” says Gerling, a touch researcher not involved in the study.
16.长宁区
Robots that serve
Robots used to be found only in science fiction. In the 1960s, the animated (动画片的) space-age family the Jetsons had a robotic maid who could do household tasks. In the 2014 movie Big Hero 6, the robot Baymax could diagnose and heal illnesses instantly. ____47____ In the field of medicine, robot patients help train doctors and nurses by pretending they have a variety of health conditions. Now robots are finding a home in the food service industry.
The globally spread disease and resulting economic crisis have created a lack of restaurant workers. Since restaurants don’t have enough workers, the remaining staff must work harder. ____48____ Some businesspersons are lending a hand—a robotic hand—in the form of server robots. These robots are not exactly modeled after Rosey, the Jetsons’ robotic household servant, but they are pretty clever and very cute.
Server robots come in several different varieties. Many have a design that looks like a rolling cart. One model named Bella even has a cute cat-like face. Many are fairly short and shaped like R2D2 of Star Wars fame. They are designed to deliver dishes to customers in a restaurant. They are also just the right height for customers to easily reach them. ____49____ They can not only deliver delicious food to hungry customers, but also get back dirty dishes at the end of the meal.
____50____ Concerning the price, a server robot costs from a few thousand to several thousand dollars. And in 2021, a restaurant even rented one for as low as US$15 per day. Regarding safety, special sensors on the robots keep them from crashing into customers. Because there aren’t enough restaurant workers, filling positions with these robotic servers is a no-brainer. Don’t be surprised if you see one rolling up to your table soon.
A. Typically, their deliveries have to occur within 30 seconds.
B. Perhaps you’re wondering about issues such as the cost and safety factors.
C. In real life robots function in many manufacturing and household situations.
D. Regardless, customers face longer wait times, fewer menu choices and higher prices.
E. Server robots are planned to be given new functions, such as performing and holding conversations with customers.
F. Restaurant owners are finding server robots ideal for performing repetitive tasks, however many there are.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
专题0
7
：
六选四
-2023年上海十六区高三英语一模汇编
)
1.宝山区
Many people drink protein shakes (高蛋白饮品) regularly to lose weight, build muscle or both. Others, however, question the belief that protein shakes are better than normal, high-protein foods. So what is the truth
What is in a protein shake
Protein shakes are dietary supplements (膳食补充品) designed to help people consume more protein than they otherwise would. ___47___ Or people can mix their own shakes using protein powder and other ingredients. Protein powder can be made from plants or animals. Plant-based protein shakes can include soy, pea or rice protein. Animal-based protein powders are usually made from cow’s milk. Those who want to stay away from milk can also get protein powder made from egg whites.
Advantages of protein shakes
Studies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build your muscle. They can also help to improve your performance while exercising and help you to recover from exercise. ___48___
Consuming protein shakes can also help you lose weight. Eating a high-protein diet helps you feel full, so it’s easier to resist eating too much. High-protein diets can also increase how quickly your body burns energy. When you use more energy than you take in through food, you lose weight. ___49___
Disadvantages of protein shakes
However, you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet. Many wholefoods are rich in protein. As a matter of fact, the people in many high-protein diet studies didn’t drink protein shakes The studies proved the benefits of eating protein-rich foods. ___50___ In contrast, many protein shakes contain sugar or artificial sweeteners, which are not healthy.
To sum up
So yes, protein shakes are convenient, and they work. However, they are not your only choice for eating a high-protein diet.
A. And if you’re losing weight, protein shakes can help make sure that you don’t lose muscle.
B. Protein shakes can also help people to manage their figures, especially their weight.
C. Moreover, these foods contain other nutrients in addition to protein.
D. Therefore, it is unnecessary to take protein shakes unless it is a must.
E. Protein shakes can be ready-made drinks.
F. And high-protein diets have also been linked to the loss of fat.
【答案】47. E 48. A 49. F 50. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蛋白奶昔的优缺点以及是否有必要为了保持健康或减重而饮用它。
【47题详解】
下文“Or people can mix their own shakes using protein powder and other ingredients.(人们也可以用蛋白粉和其他成分混合自己的奶昔。)”表示，人们同样也可以用蛋白粉和其他东西混合，做自己喜欢的奶昔；由此可以推出，蛋白粉也可以不加其他成分，单独饮用。E项“蛋白质奶昔可以是现成的饮料。”符合文意。故选E项。
【48题详解】
上文“Studies indicate that consuming protein shakes is helpful if you want to build your muscle.(研究表明，如果你想增强肌肉，喝蛋白粉奶昔是有帮助的。)”提到蛋白粉可以增肌，阐明了蛋白粉与肌肉的关系，所以空处也应与此有关。A项“如果你正在减肥，蛋白质奶昔可以确保你不会失去肌肉。”符合文意。故选A项。
【49题详解】
上文“Consuming protein shakes can also help you lose weight. Eating a high-protein diet helps you feel full, so it’s easier to resist eating too much.(喝蛋白粉奶昔也能帮助你减肥。吃高蛋白食物能让你有饱腹感，所以更容易克制住而不会吃太多。)”提到喝蛋白粉奶昔是如何帮助人们减肥的——因为蛋白粉奶昔属于高蛋白食物；后文“However, you don’t have to drink protein shakes to have a high-protein diet. Many wholefoods are rich in protein.(然而，你不一定要喝蛋白质奶昔来获得高蛋白饮食。许多天然食品富含蛋白质。)”再次提到高蛋白食物。故空处承上启下，也需要提到高蛋白饮食。F项“高蛋白饮食也与脂肪的减少有关。”中high-protein diet为原文复现。故选F项。
【50题详解】
上文“Many wholefoods are rich in protein. As a matter of fact, the people in many high-protein diet studies didn’t drink protein shakes The studies proved the benefits of eating protein-rich foods.(许多天然食品富含蛋白质。事实上，在许多高蛋白饮食研究中，人们并不喝蛋白奶昔。这些研究证明了食用富含蛋白质的食物的好处。)”讲了食物中的蛋白质，并提到关键词food“食物”，而选项中只有C项“此外，这些食物除了蛋白质之外还含有其他营养物质。”含有该关键词，为原文复现。故选C项。
2.崇明区
Israeli Company Develops 3D Printed Beef
If there were an award for the funniest company name of 2022, then the 3D printed meat company “Steakholder” would win that award.
Israeli company Steakholder Foods Ltd. has introduced its new product, Omakase Beef Morsels, which are bioprinted with cultured meat. The bites are inspired by the world-famous Wagyu beef, famous for its fat marbling patterns (大理石花纹) in the meat, which is also very expensive.
The company was formed in 2019 and has an office in Israel and Belgium, and is now expanding its operations to the US. ____67____
Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks. ____68____ A bite can be made juicier, chewier, and the taste can also be altered.
The process works by first selecting the animals to extract (提取) the stem cells from. The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield. The next step is proliferation, in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply. When the cells reach appropriate numbers, the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells. ____69____
“This product marks a major step forward for us and for the cultured meat industry in general,” said Arik Kaufman, CEO of Steakholder Foods. “It is the result of a lot of hard work and our desire to achieve the highest level of meat possible through bioprinting and cell culture processes.”
____70____ Its patent for 3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its 3D printing engineers and cell biologists. “We see Omakase Beef Morsels as the combination of food, technology and fine art,” Kaufman said. “We want to inspire chefs around the world to create delicious masterpieces and unforgettable dining experiences.”
So there you have it, guilt-free meat eating may be just around the corner.
A. The company has already achieved several milestones since it was founded.
B. Its goal is to create sustainable meat products to replace meats such as beef, chicken and even fish.
C. The layers of meat and fat can be regrouped in different proportions to create different flavor experiences.
D. Additionally, producing meat without having to raise and kill cattle may work out better for ensuring animal welfare and overall health.
E. The meat product is the first of its kind and was created using a specific 3D-bioprinting technology that was recently patented by the company.
F. In the final steps, the muscle cells and fat cells are turned into meat, ready to be processed into the final product, whether it’s a burger, steak, or even a meatloaf.
【答案】67. B 68. C 69. F 70. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍以色列的一家公司研发了3D打印牛排。
【67题详解】
根据上文“The company was formed in 2019 and has an office in Israel and Belgium, and is now expanding its operations to the US.”(该公司成立于2019年，在以色列和比利时设有办事处，目前正在将业务扩展至美国。)可知，接下来要描述公司将业务扩展至美国的目的。选项B“其目标是创造可持续的肉类产品，以取代牛肉、鸡肉甚至鱼等肉类。”和上文意思一致。故选B。
【68题详解】
根据上文“Stakeholder uses stem cells from cattle for the production of its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed from two separate bio-inks.”(利益相关者使用牛的干细胞生产其印刷牛肉，并且肌肉组织和脂肪由两种不同的生物墨水印刷。)可知，这里主要讲述印刷牛肉的成分构成。选项C“肉和脂肪的层次可以以不同的比例重新组合，以创造不同的风味体验。”和上文意思一致。故选C。
【69题详解】
根据上文“The process works by first selecting the animals to extract (提取) the stem cells from. The cells are selected from animals that will provide the best meat and yield. The next step is proliferation, in which the cells are placed into a nutrient rich reactor to multiply. When the cells reach appropriate numbers, the stem cells change into muscle cells and fat cells.”(这个过程首先选择动物来提取干细胞。这些细胞选自能够提供最佳肉类和产量的动物。下一步是增殖，将细胞放入营养丰富的反应器中增殖。当细胞达到适当的数量时，干细胞会变成肌肉细胞和脂肪细胞。)可知，这一段主要介绍印刷牛肉的制作过程。选项F“在最后的步骤中，肌肉细胞和脂肪细胞被转化为肉，准备加工成最终产品，无论是汉堡、牛排，甚至是肉饼。”和上文意思一致。故选F。
【70题详解】
根据下文“Its patent for 3D-bioprinting technology is the result of intensive cooperation between its 3D printing engineers and cell biologists.”(其3D生物打印技术的专利是其3D打印工程师和细胞生物学家密切合作的结果。)可知，这一段主要介绍公司取得的成绩。选项A“该公司自成立以来已经取得了几个里程碑。”和下文意思一致。故选A。
3.奉贤区
At a Loss for Words
Imagine a friend is heading out to face a difficult task. As a last word before they disappear, you want to encourage them. What might you say If you are speaking English, the likeliest choice is “good luck”.
If you stop to think about it, that is a little odd. Though you might indeed hope luck smiles on your friend, neither they nor you can do much about the probability. ____47____ That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”.
English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”. ____48____ However, in other languages it is perfectly usual.
____49____ English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year. The Dutch also say “gefeliciteerd” to members of the family, including the one who really deserves congratulating: the mother. This is close to obligatory(义务的)，while it would come as a strange surprise in English.
It is tempting to draw deep cultural conclusions from the presence of this or the absence of that in a language. ____50____ For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there. Congratulate your mother-in-law on your wife’s birthday, and you can prepare for a delighted smile back. It may seem awkward or tricky at first but you can make it stick if you try.
A. Special occasions are another way in which languages differ.
B. It is natural to be critical of languages that lack expressions you think necessary.
C. What you really want to wish them is courage not fortune.
D. Having no English equivalent is annoying for those who are used to it.
E. You can say that phrase if you like, but your neighbour would look at you strangely.
F. But not having a word for something doesn’t mean you can’t coin one—or borrow it.
【答案】47. C 48. E 49. A 50. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对比了语言之间的区别，例如在给人加油鼓劲时和过生日时，各个语言说的话反应出了不同的文化背景。
【47题详解】
下文“That is why the French, in this situation, say “bon courage”, not “good luck”.(这就是为什么法国人在这种情况下说“要有勇气”，而不是“祝你好运”)”提到法国人常说“bon courage”，指的是要有勇气，表示鼓励、加油等含义，关键词为courage“勇气”，空处位于段中，为承上启下，也需要提到courage。C项“你真正想祝福他们的是勇气而不是好运。”中courage为原词复现。故选C项。
【48题详解】
上文“English does not allow you to pair any old adjective with any old noun in a fixed expression. You may wish someone “good morning”, “good afternoon” or “good night”, but not “good weekend”.(英语不允许你在固定表达中把任何旧形容词和任何旧名词搭配在一起。你可能会对某人说“早上好”、“下午好”或“晚安”，但不是“周末好”)”提到英文中的表达习惯；下文“However, in other languages it is perfectly usual.(然而，在其他语言中这是非常常见的。)”对上文内容进行转折，表示在其他语言中说“周末好”等是很常见的现象。由此推知，空处应该表达上文提到的事情是不常见的。E项“如果你愿意，你可以说那句话，但是你的邻居会奇怪地看着你。”符合逻辑，因为所提事情不常见，所以如果你违反英文表达习惯说英语，你的邻居会用奇怪的眼神看着你。故选E项。
【49题详解】
空处为本段主旨句，起总述作用。下文“English-speakers wish each other a happy birthday, but speakers of many other languages say “congratulations” as if the birthday girl had done something impressive merely by surviving another year.(说英语的人互相祝对方生日快乐，但说其他许多语言的人说“祝贺”，好像寿星女仅仅是又活了一年就做了什么了不起的事似的。)”提到一个特定场合——生日，所以本段主要内容为不同语言在特定的场合下的不同之处。A项“特殊场合下的语言又会有其他的不同之处。”符合段意。故选A项。
【50题详解】
下文“For example, the English do say the typical French words bon voyage and bon appétit, and there’s no reason to stop there.(例如，英国人确实会说典型的法语单词bon voyage和bon appétit，而且没有理由在那里停下来。)”提到英国人有时会借鉴法语单词，由此可以推出，有时候我们可以借用外国的词汇。F项“但是没有表达某事的词并不意味着你不能创造一个词或者借用一个词。”符合前后逻辑。故选F项。
4.虹口区
Social Engineering
When using social media, many users may not be thinking of the social engineering implications that can arise with too much over-sharing of personal information. However, what people share in posts can paint a very vivid picture of a person – which can then be misused by hackers.
“____47____ Social engineering is the number one cause of most spiteful data breaches (泄露),” said Roger Grimes, data-driven defense specialist at cyber security firm KnowBe4. “Nothing else is even close, percentage-wise,” Grimes warned, “Nearly every organization could best improve their cyber security defense plans if they focused far more on reducing the likelihood of social engineering. No other single defense could do more to protect an organization against hacking and malware (恶意软件).”
“Every organization should look to see what they can improve in their defense-in-depth plan (e.g., policies, technical defenses, and education) to defeat social engineering. It is because almost no organization appropriately focuses the necessary resources and training against social engineering that allows hackers and malware to be so long-term successful. ____48____”
The security experts warn that even in the context of “social media,” users shouldn’t let their guard down. ____49____ “As individuals, we are aware of the personal threats posed by cyber attacks directed against us,” suggested Erfan, cyber security expert at data security Comforte AG. “To avoid being victimized, it’s best to operate under the mindset that digital footprints exist everywhere and can never be completely wiped out.”
“As members of businesses and organizations, we know that enterprise data is always a tempting target for hackers,” Erfan continued. “____50____ Preventing attacks and breaches is not 100 percent fool-proof, so we can only hope that big techs have instituted the measures of data-centric security applied directly to data in case that sensitive information falls into the wrong hands.”
A. In fact, this is where users should actually adopt a more cautious attitude.
B. The recent attack against Twitter should underscore the need for data-centric security.
C. For developers, this vulnerability also shows there’s still a need for proper input validation and ensure that any request is authorized.
D. Hackers love that defenders are distracted and don’t focus appropriate resources on the number one threat.
E. Organizations should make a joint effort to protect the sensitive data from exploitation.
F. This is just one more example of the success of social engineering used by hackers.
【答案】47. F 48. D 49. A 50. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因，并表达了大型技术公司制定以数据为中心的安全措施的必要性。
【47题详解】
上文“However, what people share in posts can paint a very vivid picture of a person — which can then be misused by hackers. (然而，人们在帖子中分享的内容可以描绘出一个人非常生动的形象——这可能会被黑客滥用。)”在讲述人们在帖子中分享的内容可能会被黑客滥用；下文“Social engineering is the number one cause of most spiteful data breaches (泄露), said Roger Grimes, data-driven defense specialist at cyber security firm KnowBe4. (社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因，网络安全公司KnowBe4的数据驱动防御专家Roger Grimes说。)”在讲述社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因；选项F“This is just one more example of the success of social engineering used by hackers. (这只是黑客利用社交工程取得成功的又一个例子。)”在讲述黑客利用社交工程取得成功，承接了上文所述的黑客滥用人们在帖子中分享的内容，表明了这是黑客利用社交工程取得成功的又一个例子，同时引出了下文对于社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因的表述，故选项F符合语境；故选F项。
【48题详解】
上文“It is because almost no organization appropriately focuses the necessary resources and training against social engineering that allows hackers and malware to be so long-term successful. (这是因为几乎没有一个组织恰当地将必要的资源和培训集中在对抗社交工程上，使得黑客和恶意软件能够获得如此长期的成功。)”在讲述几乎没有组织将必要的资源和培训集中在对抗社交工程上；选项D “Hackers love that defenders are distracted and don’t focus appropriate resources on the number one threat (黑客喜欢防御者分心，不把适当的资源集中在头号威胁上。)”在讲述黑客喜欢防御者不把资源集中在头号威胁上，与上文所述内容主旨一致，都意在表示因为防御者不将资源集中对抗头号威胁，导致黑客和恶意软件获得长期成功，故选项D符合语境；故选D项。
【49题详解】
上文“The security experts warn that even in the context of “social media,” users shouldn’t let their guard down. (安全专家警告说，即使是在“社交媒体”的背景下，用户也不应该放松警惕。)”在讲述即使在“社交媒体”的背景下，用户也不应该放松警惕；选项A“In fact, this is where users should actually adopt a more cautious attitude. (事实上，这正是用户应该采取更谨慎态度的地方)”在讲述用户在某种情况下应该采取更谨慎的态度，承接了上文所述内容，即在“社交媒体”的背景下，用户应该采取更谨慎态度，故选项A符合语境；故选A项。
【50题详解】
上文““As members of businesses and organizations, we know that enterprise data is always a tempting target for hackers,” Erfan continued. (“作为企业和组织的成员，我们知道企业数据一直是黑客的诱人目标，”Erfan继续说道。)”在讲述企业数据一直是黑客的目标；下文“Preventing attacks and breaches is not 100 percent fool-proof, so we can only hope that big techs have instituted the measures of data-centric security applied directly to data in case that sensitive information falls into the wrong hands. (防止攻击和入侵并不是百分之百万无一失的，所以我们只能希望大型科技公司已经制定了以数据为中心的安全措施，直接应用于数据，以防敏感信息落入不法分子之手。)”在讲述大型科技公司要制定以数据为中心的安全措施；选项B“The recent attack against Twitter should underscore the need for data-centric security. (最近针对Twitter的攻击应该强调以数据为中心的安全的必要性。)”在讲述强调以数据为中心的安全的重要性，是针对上文所述现象所要采取的措施，同时引出下文对于以数据为中心的安全措施的具体阐述，故选项B符合语境；故选B项。
5.黄浦区
How to show others you care
The idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize. ___47___
“I have found that kindness can be a really hard sell,” said Tara Cousineau, a clinical psychologist, “People desire kindness yet often feel troubled by the thought of being kind.” ___48___ They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.
___49___ Jennifer Oldham, who lost her 9-year-old daughter Hallie in July, recently created a Facebook group — Keeping Kindness for Hallie — that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie’s honor. “It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients,” said Ms. Oldham.
If you are not already in the habit of performing random kind acts, or if it does not come naturally to you, start by thinking about what you like to do. It’s not about you being like, ‘Oh man, now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’. It’s about: ___50___ And how can you turn that into an offering for other people
A. What skills and talents do you already have
B. Stress can also keep people from being kind to others.
C. Why are recipients less likely to appreciate a random act of kindness
D. But an act of kindness is unlikely to fail, and in some instances it can create even more kindness.
E. People who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it.
F. But researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
【答案】47. F 48. B 49. D 50. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述做善事可以帮助降低压力水平，以及如何做善事。
【47题详解】
上文“The idea that kindness can boost happiness is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.(善良可以提升幸福感的观点并不新鲜。研究表明，亲社会行为——基本上是自愿帮助他人——可以帮助人们降低日常压力水平，而简单的联系行为，比如给朋友发短信，比我们许多人意识到的更有意义。)”，而F选项“但研究善意和友谊的研究人员表示，他们希望这些新发现能够为更多地做出这类行为提供科学依据。”中的“the new findings”呼应上文，并且“these types of gestures”也对应上文的“texting a friend”等，符合题意，故选F。
【48题详解】
根据下文“They may question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.(他们可能会质疑自己的举动或礼物是否会被误解，或者是否会让收礼者感到有回报的压力。)”可知人们害怕自己的善意被误解，因此推断上文应该是和做善事也是有压力的相关内容，所以B选项“压力也可以阻止人们对别人友善。”符合语境，故选B。
【49题详解】
根据下文“Jennifer Oldham, who lost her 9-year-old daughter Hallie in July, recently created a Facebook group — Keeping Kindness for Hallie — that encourages participants to engage in random acts of kindness. People have bought groceries and donated school supplies in Hallie’s honor. “It will help your own heart, maybe even more than the recipients,” said Ms. Oldham. (珍妮弗·奥尔德姆在7月份失去了9岁的女儿哈莉，她最近在Facebook上创建了一个名为“为哈莉保持善良”的小组，鼓励参与者随意做一些善举。为了纪念哈莉，人们买了杂货，捐赠了学习用品。奥尔德姆女士说：“这对你自己的心脏有帮助，甚至可能比接受者更有帮助。”)”可知本段是关于做善事还是有好处的内容，D选项“但是，善意的行为不太可能失败，在某些情况下，它甚至可以创造更多的善意。”符合本段所举的事例，并且和上文构成转折关系，故选D。
【50题详解】
根据上文“It’s not about you being like, ‘Oh man, now I have to learn how to bake cookies in order to be nice’.( 这并不是说你会说，‘哦，天哪，现在我必须学会如何烤饼干才能变得漂亮。’)”以及下文“And how can you turn that into an offering for other people (你怎么能把它变成对其他人的奉献呢 )”可知设空处说的是你现在有什么样的技能，并且能用它为别人提供帮助，所以A选项“你已经具备哪些技能和才能 ”符合语境，承上启下，故选A。
6.嘉定区
Out-of-control SpaceX Rocket
A SpaceX rocket is now headed directly for the moon after spending almost seven years flying through space, experts say. The rocket was originally launched to send a space weather satellite to the Lagrange point— a gravity-neutral position four times farther than the moon and in direct line with the sun. ____47____
At this phase, it did not have enough fuel to return to Earth’s atmosphere. But meanwhile it lacked the energy to escape the gravity of the Earth-Moon system. ____48____ Space observers believe that it is on course to intersect (相交) with the moon. Bill Gray, who writes software to track near-Earth objects, has said the rocket will very likely hit the far side of the moon, near the equator. “This is the first unintentional case of space junk hitting the moon of which I’m aware,” Gray added.
____49____ Because of the unpredictable effect of sunlight “pushing” on the rocket and “difficulty in measuring rotation (旋转) periods”, its orbit may be slightly altered. “But these unpredictable effects are very small,” Gray wrote. He added that further observations were needed to decide the precise time and location of the impact. In a recent blog post, he wrote that the rocket has made a close lunar flyby, and will definitely make an impact.
As for whether the collision (相撞) could be viewed from Earth, Gray says it will probably go unobserved.” Even if it hit on the near side of the moon, the impact occurs a couple of days after New Moon, which was hardly observable, he added, “to me, the impact was not a big deal.” ____50____ They believe that the event will allow for observation of valuable lunar materials ejected (弹射) by the rockets strike.
A. So the rocket has been following a somewhat chaotic orbit since.
B. Nevertheless, space enthusiasts believe the impact could provide valuable data.
C. It was part of SpaceX’s space exploration programme.
D. But after completing a long burn of its engines, the rocket’s second phase became a problem.
E. The exact spot that the rocket will hit remains unclear.
F. The lunar phase reveals the passage of time in the night sky.
【答案】47. D 48. A 49. E 50. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一颗名为SpaceX火箭在太空飞行了近七年后，现在直接前往月球。根据科学家们的说法，火箭没有足够的燃料返回地球大气层，但也缺乏逃离地月系统引力的能量，预计会在2022年3月初与月球相撞，撞击可能会撞击月球背面，靠近赤道。
【47题详解】
根据前文“The rocket was originally launched to send a space weather satellite to the Lagrange point— a gravity-neutral position four times farther than the moon and in direct line with the sun.(火箭最初发射的目的是将一颗太空气象卫星发送到拉格朗日点，一个距离月球四倍远、与太阳成直线的重力中性点。)”和下一段第一句“At this phase, it did not have enough fuel to return to Earth’s atmosphere.(在这个阶段，它没有足够的燃料返回地球大气层。) ”可知，空格处的句子要承接上文，且要提及下文的“At this phase”，D选项“但在完成了引擎的长时间燃烧后，火箭的第二阶段就成了一个问题。”的“But”与前文的“originally launched to ”形成对比，表明出现了问题，引出火箭的第二阶段，选项中“the rocket’s second phase”即为下文提及的“At this phase”，符合语境。故选D项。
【48题详解】
根据前文“At this phase, it did not have enough fuel to return to Earth’s atmosphere. But meanwhile it lacked the energy to escape the gravity of the Earth-Moon system. (在这个阶段，它没有足够的燃料返回地球大气层。但与此同时，它缺乏逃离地月系统引力的能量。)”可知，在这一阶段，火箭遇到了进退两难的问题，横线处的句子要承接上文，A选项“因此，自那以后，火箭一直沿着一条有点混乱的轨道运行。”表明了不能回地球也不能离开月球的结果就是开始偏离轨道，承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。
【49题详解】
根据上一段最后一句““This is the first unintentional case of space junk hitting the moon of which I’m aware,” Gray added. (“这是我所知道的太空垃圾撞击月球的第一起无意案例，”格雷补充道。)”和后文“Because of the unpredictable effect of sunlight “pushing” on the rocket and “difficulty in measuring rotation (旋转) periods”, its orbit may be slightly altered.(由于阳光对火箭“推动”的不可预测的影响以及“难以测量旋转周期”，其轨道可能会略有改变。)”可知，偏离轨道导致会撞上月球，但因为有着难以测量的因素，所以不好精确地预测到底会撞击在月球哪个部位。E选项“火箭将击中的确切地点仍不清楚。”承上启下，符合语境。故选E项。
【50题详解】
根据前文“Even if it hit on the near side of the moon, the impact occurs a couple of days after New Moon, which was hardly observable, he added, “to me, the impact was not a big deal.”(即使它击中了月球的近侧，撞击也发生在新月之后的几天，这几乎是无法观察到的，他补充说，“对我来说，撞击没什么大不了的。”)”和后文“They believe that the event will allow for observation of valuable lunar materials ejected (弹射) by the rockets strike. (他们认为，这一事件将有助于观测火箭撞击所喷出的宝贵月球物质。)”可知，虽然这次撞击对于Gray 来说是没有意义的，但对于观察火箭袭击月球喷射是珍贵的材料。B选项“尽管如此，太空爱好者相信这次撞击可能会提供宝贵的数据。”中的“the impact could provide valuable data.”与后文“observation of valuable lunar materials ejected by the rockets strike”相对应，符合语境。故选B项。
7.金山区
I Am Not a Robot
An annoyance, an important security feature, an uncomfortable request: however you feel about being asked to prove you are not a robot, it has become a daily occurrence for most of us, but perhaps not one we would miss if it were to suddenly go away.
A new feature in the latest versions of iOS and macOS, Apple’s operating systems for smartphones and computers, promises to give the boot to “captchas” once and for all. ____47____
“Sometimes a captcha is just a button to press,” said Apple engineer Tommy Pauly. “But other times it can be a challenge to fill out.”
The term captcha is in fact an acronym (首字母缩略词) for “completely automated public Turing test (图灵测试) to tell computers and humans apart.” To help stop fraud (欺诈), these little tests often pop up when you’re signing up for or onto a website.
____48____ If you get it wrong, it may ask you to start again, leading you to wonder if you really know what a traffic light looks like—or if you might really be a robot after all.
But captchas are now fast becoming unusable, making the Internet a wasteland of difficult puzzles. Users must struggle to do the most basic things. “We’ve literally all found ourselves at one time or another complaining: ‘Those were all the pictures with traffic lights,” said Effie Le Moignan, a researcher in social computing at Newcastle University.
Internet users struggle to tell the difference between a wear of paint on a sidewalk and a formalized crosswalk that’s often requested in a traditional captcha, and worry that one wrong answer may lock them out of an account. ____49____
“You likely don’t enjoy being interrupted by these,” said Apple’s Tommy Pauly. “I certainly don’t. The reason these experiences exist is to prevent dishonest activity. If you run a server, you don’t want it to be defeated by fraud. ____50____”
The company worked with Fastly and Cloudflare to build the new feature. It works by allowing your device to send a statement confirming it is being used by a human to the requesting website.
A. This is becoming a bigger issue as captchas have grown increasingly confusing.
B. Therefore, when faced with something really confusing, many people simply give up.
C. Most attempts to create accounts or to buy products come from common users, but some attempts can also come from attackers.
D. Called “automatic confirmation,” the technology will allow sites to confirm you are not a robot without you having to do anything at all.
E. These tests may ask you to spot all the traffic lights in a picture or to type out some special letters and numbers.
F. Although the service is tied to Apple’s iCloud network, the requesting site will not receive any personal information about the user or their device.
【答案】47. D 48. E 49. B 50. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了互联网用户非常厌烦被要求证明自己不是机器人和为什么互联网用户会被要求证明自己不是机器人，以及苹果推出一个新功能改善体验。
【47题详解】
根据前文“A new feature in the latest versions of iOS and macOS, Apple’s operating systems for smartphones and computers, promises to give the boot to “captchas” once and for all.(苹果智能手机和电脑操作系统iOS和macOS最新版本的一项新功能承诺将一劳永逸地启动“验证码”)”，可推知，此处对新功能介绍的并不详细，所以空处是对这个功能的进一步说明，D项“Called “automatic confirmation,” the technology will allow sites to confirm you are not a robot without you having to do anything at all.(这项技术被称为“自动确认”，无需你做任何事情，网站就能确认你不是机器人。)”符合文意，是对这个功能的进一步说明。故选D项。
【48题详解】
根据后文“If you get it wrong, it may ask you to start again, leading you to wonder if you really know what a traffic light looks like—or if you might really be a robot after all.(如果你弄错了，它可能会让你重新开始，让你怀疑你是否真知道红绿灯的样子——或者你是否真的是个机器人)”可知，可推知，前文是在讲做测试，做错了会有什么后果，所以E项“These tests may ask you to spot all the traffic lights in a picture or to type out some special letters and numbers.(这些测试可能会要求你找出图片中所有的红绿灯，或者输入一些特殊的字母和数字)”符合文意。故选E项。
【49题详解】
根据前文“Internet users struggle to tell the difference between a wear of paint on a sidewalk and a formalized crosswalk that’s often requested in a traditional captcha, and worry that one wrong answer may lock them out of an account.(互联网用户很难分辨人行道上油漆的磨损和传统通行证中经常要求的正式人行横道之间的区别，并担心一个错误的答案可能会让他们无法登录)”可推知，空处应是对此句话下结论，所以B项“Therefore, when faced with something really confusing, many people simply give up.(因此，当面对一些真正令人困惑的事情时，许多人就放弃了)”符合文意。故选B项。
【50题详解】
根据前文“I certainly don’t. The reason these experiences exist is to prevent dishonest activity. If you run a server, you don’t want it to be defeated by fraud.(我肯定不喜欢。这些体验存在的原因是为了防止不诚实的行为。如果您运行一个服务器，您不希望它被欺诈打败)”此处属于引用他人说的话，话还未说完，可推知，空处应该是对这些体验存在原因进一步解释，所以C项“Most attempts to create accounts or to buy products come from common users, but some attempts can also come from attackers.(大多数创建账户或购买产品的尝试都来自普通用户，但也有一些尝试来自攻击者)”符合文意。故选C项。
8.静安区
Recently, there’s been a lot of talk in U.S. about the “data problem.” It ought to give the “datadriven” school reformers pause to reconsider. Maybe we are just creating a bubble that too will burst if we continue to base our actions on the belief that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success.____47____ Margo, a famous commenter, states that at least tests are more “reliable” than professional judgment. How can she tell We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the “truth” can only be captured in one of four answers—a, b, c, or d. ____48____ But how can the general trend guarantee the reliability of the score of one particular test-taker Some educator dares to replace these tests with professional human judgments, which must still rest on a numerical rank order based on a, b, c and d. The big problem is that there is often no technical assurance for the reliability of such exams. No wonder many big-name psychologists avoid them.
All “reliability” tells us is that the student would get a similar score on a similar test if given at another time or place. But all scores on old or new tests have measurement errors. Like Wall Street’s numbers, we have no independent basis for relying on these scores. Likewise, validity is in the eye of a certain standard of judgments. How ridiculous it is to say for sure that these judgments are justified!
When some parents told me that their children seemed to read well, but scored poorly, they often believed the indirect evidence, test score, and not the direct evidence, listening to their children read. Some parents had been trained to distrust judgment and rely on “real evidence”. My own 8-year-old son also used to “fail” a 3rd grade reading test even though I “knew” he could read fluently. ____49____
We need schools that “train” our judgment, which help us become adults who are in the habit of bringing judgment to bear on complex phenomenon. ____50____ It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree of uncertainty. Only in this way, can we, to some extent, rely on the results of the school education in the U.S.
A. Even the technical meaning of “good tests” is open to question.
B. It’s when I became a test doubter.
C. Different groups of people fit different test patterns.
D. On all achievement tests, we’re promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve (曲线).
E. This includes judging which expertise to “trust” and defending such choices.
F. Time spent on standardized tests is, in many cases, equal to that on study.
【答案】47. A 48. D 49. B 50. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是什么是“好的”考试，是测试还是专业判断。
【47题详解】
空前说“Maybe we are just creating a bubble that too will burst if we continue to base our actions on the belief that only scores on standardized instruments are evidence of success.(也许我们只是在制造一个泡沫，如果我们继续把我们的行动建立在只有在标准化工具上的分数才是成功的证据的信念上，这个泡沫也会破裂。)”，因此到底什么才算是好的考试是值得让人质疑的，A选项“Even the technical meaning of “good tests” is open to question.(甚至“好的测试”的技术意义也是存有疑问的。)”说明了什么才算是好的考试是值得让人质疑的，因此A选项承接上文，符合语境，故选A。
【48题详解】
空前说“Margo, a famous commenter, states that at least tests are more “reliable” than professional judgment. How can she tell We want a nation of citizens who are less ready to think that the “truth” can only be captured in one of four answers—a, b, c, or d.(一位著名的评论家Margo说，至少测试比专业判断更“可靠”。她怎么知道的？我们想要的是这样一个国家，这个国家的公民不太愿意认为“真相”只能在四种答案之一中得到——a、b、c或d。)”，空格处应说为什么测试比专业判断更“可靠”，D选项“On all achievement tests, we’re promised beforehand a population that fits a normal curve (曲线).(在所有的成绩测试中，我们事先得到的承诺都是符合正常曲线的总体。)”说明了测试比专业判断更“可靠”的原因，因此D选项承接上文，符合语境，故选D。
【49题详解】
空前说“My own 8-year-old son also used to “fail” a 3rd grade reading test even though I “knew” he could read fluently.(我自己8岁的儿子也曾在三年级的阅读测试中“不及格”，尽管我“知道”他能流利地阅读。)”，空格处应说明作者对此的看法，作者应该会怀疑这样的考试，B选项“It’s when I became a test doubter.(那是我开始怀疑考试的时候。)”说明了作者从那以后开始怀疑考试，因此B选项承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
【50题详解】
空前说“We need schools that “train” our judgment, which help us become adults who are in the habit of bringing judgment to bear on complex phenomenon.(我们需要学校来“训练”我们的判断力，帮助我们成为成年人，养成对复杂现象作出判断的习惯。)”，空后说“It also involves acknowledging that even experts must live with a substantial degree of uncertainty.(它还包括承认，即使是专家也必须生活在很大程度的不确定性中。)”，空格处应说“它包括什么”，E选项“This includes judging which expertise to “trust” and defending such choices.(这包括判断应该“信任”哪些专业知识，并为这些选择辩护。)”说明这包括了什么，和空后的“它还包括”相对应，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
9.闵行区
Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person. ____67____ People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost inevitably associated with environmental damage.
____68____ The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.
The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy.
____69____ Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.
In order to produce practical energy, a transformation of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflow’s natural speed. Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure. ____70____ This is the embarrassment mankind has to deal with. A good balance between economic development and sustainability is forever what humankind has to keep in mind.
A. There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment.
B. Clean energy has always been on the priority list for a better environment.
C. For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage is impossible.
D. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly.
E. So humankind began to make exploration to satisfy themselves economically and mentally.
F. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time.
【答案】67. D 68. A 69. F 70. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述人类一直致力于提高生活质量，食物和安全感是一个人最基本的需要。但是现在，食物的种类已经有了显著的增多。人们需要消耗自然资源来制造生活必需品，反过来，消耗自然资源会造成环境污染。因此，经济增长不可避免地会造成环境的破坏。
【67题详解】
根据上文“Back then, and today, providing food was the basic task for a person.(在当时和今天，提供食物是一个人的基本任务)”及下文“People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as bread and shelters, but also for various facilities and luxuries.(人们不仅感到需要一些基本的东西，如面包和住所，而且还需要各种设施和奢侈品)”可知，以前人的基本任务是提供食物，而现在人们除了食物还需要各种设施和奢侈品，所以如今人们需要的东西范围扩大了，D项“然而，现在所需商品的范围已经大大扩大了”符合语境，故选D。
【68题详解】
根据空后“The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, which may cause negative long-term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people.(首先，为了以更快的速度生产更多的商品和产品，需要建造大型工业工厂。这些植物产生大量废物，可能会对附近的动物或人类造成长期的负面健康影响)”可知，本段是讲述经济增长对环境的影响，A项“经济增长的某些方面会影响环境”符合语境，故选A。
【69题详解】
根据下文“Of course, during this time people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.(当然，在这段时间里，人们不得不做出一些牺牲来支持这些事业)”中的“this time”可知，空处应是提到关于时间，F项“它们有时是首选，但用它们取代传统来源也需要时间”符合语境。故选F。
【70题详解】
根据上文“Consequently, the pressure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to remember that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.(因此，这种气流带来的压力平衡将受到影响，重要的是要记住，环境和天气条件直接受到大气压力的影响)”可知，为了发展经济必然会给环境带来影响，C项“基于这些原因，只带来经济增长而不造成任何环境破坏是不可能的”符合语境。故选C。
10.普陀区
Engaging in Family Meals
Engaging in family meals may be a matter of improving communication and support at home. A new study in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, published by Elsevier, connects less family discouragement and better family communication with a higher likelihood to eat evening family meals and family breakfasts together, and not in front of a television. The researchers surveyed 259 patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University. ______47______
“It’s important to note all family members in the home have influence,” lead study author Keeley J. Pratt, PhD, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home. ______48______ The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid’s weight, also called “weight talk.”
“While open communication with children about health is beneficial, it’s important to ensure communication directly about children’s weight is not harmful in their development of a healthy body image and behaviors. That includes older children and adolescents who are at greater risk of developing eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors,” Professor Pratt said. ______49______ Families with younger children, regardless of gender, were more likely to eat family dinners and breakfasts together, and parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child. As kids grow up, the relationship between kids and their parents becomes better.
______50______ “Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss, prevent the beginning of obesity in children, and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight,” Professor Pratt said.
A. The study shows parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child.
B. They found parents with better family communication were more likely to participate in family meals.
C. There was no significant difference between male and female children in this study.
D. This was the first study specifically to examine the home eating habits of adult patients.
E. Previous study has shown parental obesity (肥胖) is the strongest risk for children’s obesity.
F. Someone has no power to influence the family, but they are influencing each other.
【答案】47. B 48. E 49. C 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了参与家庭聚餐可能会改善家庭沟通和支持的方式。
【47题详解】
上文“The researchers surveyed 259 patients who participated in weight management and weight loss programs at the Ohio State University or Wake Forest University. (研究人员调查了259名在俄亥俄州立大学或维克森林大学参加体重管理和减肥项目的患者。)”说明研究人员调查了患者，由此推知，空处陈述研究人员的发现。选项B“他们发现，家庭沟通更好的父母更有可能参与家庭聚餐。”承接上文，说明调查的结果。故选B项。
【48题详解】
上文“‘It’s important to note all family members in the home have influence,’ lead study author Keeley J. Pratt, PhD, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA, said of the findings that any family member can influence the adoption and maintenance of healthy patterns and behaviors in the home. (‘重要的是要注意家庭中的所有家庭成员都有影响力，’该研究的主要作者、美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄州立大学的Keeley J. Pratt博士谈到研究结果时说，任何家庭成员都可能影响家庭中健康模式和行为的采用和维持。)”谈到任何家庭成员都有影响力，可能影响家庭其他成员的健康模式。选项E“先前的研究已经表明，父母肥胖是儿童肥胖的最大风险。”承接上文，说明家庭成员父母对孩子有极大的影响，且与下文“The study also found parents who perceived their child to be overweight were more than four times as likely to talk to them about the kid’s weight, also called “weight talk.”(该研究还发现，认为孩子超重的父母与他们谈论孩子体重的可能性是他们的四倍多，也称为“体重谈话”)”构成并列关系。故选E项。
【49题详解】
下文“Families with younger children, regardless of gender, were more likely to eat family dinners and breakfasts together, and parents of older children were more likely to talk about their own weight with the child. (有年幼孩子的家庭，无论性别，都更有可能一起吃家庭晚餐和早餐，年龄较大孩子的父母更有可能与孩子谈论自己的体重。)”说明无论性别，都有同样的规律，选项C“在这项研究中，男女儿童之间没有显著差异。”概括下文，说明研究发现，男女儿童没有差异。故选C项。
【50题详解】
以上几段介绍了该项研究发现的内容，选项D“这是第一个专门调查成年患者家庭饮食习惯的研究。”作为最后一段的首句，承接以上段落，介绍该项研究的意义，说明该研究的首创性。引出下文“Understanding these associations will provide essential evidence needed to design future family-based interventions for these patients to help in their behavior change and weight loss, prevent the beginning of obesity in children, and enhance positive family meal practices and healthy communication about weight. (了解这些联系将提供必要的证据，为这些患者设计未来以家庭为基础的干预措施，以帮助他们改变行为和减肥，防止儿童肥胖的开始，并加强积极的家庭饮食习惯和关于体重的健康沟通。)”说明该研究能帮助家庭加强积极的饮食习惯和健康沟通，具有积极的意义。故选B项。
11.青浦区
Why gratitude is good for you
Gratitude is more than just saying “thank you” to someone who has helped us or given us a gift.
____47____ And this positive emotion can be good for our health — our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships.
Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude. There have been many studies, as described in a 2018 paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled “The Science of Gratitude” , showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal, if done regularly, improves mental health. ___48___ But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, like in a journal, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life. And this gets better with time. As we are essentially training our brain to be more in tune with noticing the positive, after several weeks or months, this becomes more intuitive. And so, the more we express gratitude, the more positive we feel.
____49____ There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality, better eating habits, and reduced infection in people who have had heart problems. So gratitude is clearly good for us, but is it also good for the people in our lives
The simple answer is “yes” . When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. ____50____ And that’s on top of all the other ways gratitude is clearly good for us. Maybe we should all stop counting sheep or counting calories and start counting our blessings instead
A. Gratitude can also make us feel good physically.
B. Therefore, it’s easy to tell that gratitude is advantageous to us.
C. It is the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express our thanks.
D. It can help promote stronger relationships with family, friends or even colleagues.
E. One reason for this, is that gratitude stops us from reflecting on negative emotions.
F. It is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion.
【答案】47. F 48. E 49. A 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表达感激不仅给自己的身心健康带来好处，而且也有助于帮助别人感觉到被重视，进而增进人与人之间的关系。
【47题详解】
上文“Gratitude is more than just saying “thank you” to someone who has helped us or given us a gift.”说明感恩不仅仅是对帮助过我们或给过我们礼物的人说声“谢谢”。下文“ And this positive emotion can be good for our health — our emotional and physical health, as well as the health of our relationships.”说明这种积极的情绪对我们的健康有益——我们的情绪和身体健康，以及我们的人际关系的健康。空处承上启下，应是对感恩的进一步解释说明。F项“It is a deeper appreciation for someone or something that makes us feel a positive emotion.(它是一种对某人或某事的更深层次的欣赏，使我们感受到一种积极的情绪。)”符合语境。F项中“positive emotion”与下文“this positive emotion”呼应。故选F项。
【48题详解】
上文“Let’s start by looking at the emotional or mental health benefits of expressing gratitude. ”说明让表达感激对情绪或心理健康有的好处；空前一句“There have been many studies, as described in a 2 0 1 8 paper from the Greater Good Science Center titled “ The Science of Gratitude” , showing that writing a gratitude letter to another person or writing in a gratitude journal, if done regularly, improves mental health. (有很多研究，如Greater Good Science Center发表的一篇题为《感恩的科学》的论文中所述，表明给他人写一封感恩信或在感恩杂志上写感谢信，如果定期这样做，可以改善心理健康)”说明把感激写出来有好处。下文“But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone, like in a journal, the act of completing the exercise alone makes us happier and more satisfied with life. (但是，即使我们不与任何人分享我们的写作，比如在日记中，完成练习的行为本身会让我们更快乐，对生活更满意)”说明即使不把感激写下来和别人分享，只要写出来也能给自己的精神健康带来积极的影响和改变。空处承上启下，应是把感激表达出来的具体好处。E项“One reason for this, is that gratitude stops us from reflecting on negative emotions.(这样做的一个原因是，感恩阻止我们反思负面情绪)”是说明把感激写下来和别人分享的好处，与下文“But even if we don’t share our writing with anyone”形成转折关系，符合语境。故选E项。
【49题详解】
下文“There are studies linking a gratitude practice to better sleep quality, better eating habits, and reduced infection in people who have had heart problems.(有研究表明，感恩与睡眠质量、饮食习惯以及减少心脏病患者的感染有关。)”说明感激不仅能带来上一段提到的精神上的好处，还能带来身体上的好处。空处为主题句，总结本段，即感激带来身体的好处。A项“Gratitude can also make us feel good physically.(感恩也能让我们的身体感觉良好)”符合语境。故选A项。
【50题详解】
上文“When shared — spoken or written — gratitude is about feeling valued and helping others feel valued too. (当分享时——口头或书面——感激是关于感觉被重视和帮助别人也感觉被重视。)”说明分享感激不仅对我们自己的身心有好处，对别人也有积极的影响。由此推知，分享感激有助于提高改善感激者和被感激者的情感和关系。D项“It can help promote stronger relationships with family, friends or even colleagues.(它可以帮助加强与家人、朋友甚至同事的关系)”符合语境。故选D项。
12.松江区
Shanghai Regulation to Help Boost AI
Shanghai’s decision to boost the development of the artificial intelligence industry will promote the city’s digital transformation and its efforts to build itself into an international AI highland, experts said in an interview.
The city passed a regulation on boosting AI just months ago, marking the first such effort in China at the provincial level. ___67___
“This regulation emphasizes industry innovation and guidance for future development,” said Yan Rui, director of legal affairs in the Standing Committee of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress, at a recent media briefing. “___68___ It will also strongly support the digital transformation of Shanghai, and assist creation of an AI highland with global influence.” Yan said.
One highlight of the AI regulation is that the municipal departments concerned could draw up lists of minor violations during the development of the AI industry which would not receive administrative punishment. “___69___ It is the same case with AI. Therefore, it is an international agreement to allow for minor errors during the research and development process,” said Weng Guanxi, a lawyer at a Shanghai-based law firm. The regulation gives a clear definition of AI and the AI industry and encourages innovative activities in the field by people, enterprises and organizations.
___70___ In 2021, the combined output value of AI enterprises above a designated size, or with an annual revenue of 20 million yuan ($16.85 million) or above, reached 305 billion yuan, 2.28 times that of 2018, according to China Securities Journal. The number of talented professionals working in the AI field in Shanghai has soared from 100,000 in 2018 to 230,000 in 2021, said a Xinhua News Agency report.
A. The AI industry worldwide is undergoing orderly transformation.
B. The regulation came into effect on October 1, just as planned.
C. Shanghai’s AI industry scale has expanded dramatically in the past few years.
D. Government and the related division’s responsibilities are all within the framework of established laws and regulations.
E. The regulation on AI intends to facilitate various stimulations for the high-quality development of the AI industry.
F. The core of scientific research is that it is a process of constantly making mistakes and distinguishing right from wrong.
【答案】67. B 68. E 69. F 70. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了上海出台的新法规将有助于人工智能发展。
【67题详解】
上文“The city passed a regulation on boosting AI just months ago, marking the first such effort in China at the provincial level. (就在几个月前，该市通过了一项促进人工智能发展的规定，这是中国省级层面的第一次此类努力。)”说明该市通过了一项促进人工智能发展的规定，选项B“该规定于10月1日如期生效。”承接上文，说明该规定的生效日期。故选B项。
【68题详解】
上文Yan Rui所说“This regulation emphasizes industry innovation and guidance for future development. (这项规定强调了行业创新和对未来发展的指导。)”介绍了该规定的现实意义，选项E“对人工智能的该规定旨在促进人工智能行业的高质量发展。”是Yan Rui继续介绍这项规定的目的意图。故选E项。
【69题详解】
上文“One highlight of the AI regulation is that the municipal departments concerned could draw up lists of minor violations during the development of the AI industry which would not receive administrative punishment. (人工智能规定的一个亮点是，市政有关部门可以制定人工智能产业发展过程中的轻微违规清单，这些违规行为不会受到行政处罚。)”介绍了该规定允许轻微违规行为，选项F“科学研究的核心是不断犯错和明辨是非的过程。”承接上文，是Weng Guanxi对该亮点的解释，引导下文“It is the same case with AI. Therefore, it is an international agreement to allow for minor errors during the research and development process (人工智能也是如此。因此，这是一项国际协议，允许在研发过程中出现小错误)”说明科学研究中允许出现小的错误。故选F项。
【70题详解】
下文“In 2021, the combined output value of AI enterprises above a designated size, or with an annual revenue of 20 million yuan ($16.85 million) or above, reached 305 billion yuan, 2.28 times that of 2018, according to China Securities Journal. The number of talented professionals working in the AI field in Shanghai has soared from 100,000 in 2018 to 230,000 in 2021, said a Xinhua News Agency report. (据《中国证券报》报道，2021年，规模以上或年收入2000万元(1685万美元)及以上的人工智能企业的总产值达到3050亿元，是2018年的2.28倍。据新华社报道，上海在人工智能领域工作的人才数量已从2018年的10万人飙升至2021年的23万人。)”用数据说明了上海的人工智能产业规模在过去几年急剧扩张，选项C“上海的人工智能产业规模在过去几年急剧扩张。”概括本段主题。故选C项。
13.徐汇区
Quiet Quitting
While not a new concept, the term “quiet quitting” has recently gained popularity on social media.
What is quiet quitting
Quiet quitting doesn’t mean an employee has left their job, but rather has limited their tasks to avoid working longer hours. ____47____ They stick to what is in their job description and when they go home, they leave work behind them and focus on non-work duties and activities.
____48____ It may also mean they are ready to change positions or may be currently looking for another job.
Why are employees quiet quitting
Quiet quitting may be a popular term, but this practice isn’t new. Workers have quietly quit their jobs for years to look for something new, whether it was because of poor pay, unmanageable workload, burnout or lack of growth opportunities.
Working from home has also changed the dynamics of the workplace because employees and managers are communicating in different ways through online meetings. These interactions may feel more formal than the chat sessions that happen in an office. Limited meetings can cause a disconnect between employees and management. ____49____
How can businesses help employees
The biggest way to prevent disengagement is to improve the employee experience. Talk to employees, gather their feedback and discuss what can be done to make them feel appreciated. Make sure workloads are realistic and that there are appropriate boundaries to maintain a work-life balance. It’s important to check in with employees to make sure these boundaries are clear and help establish an open and honest relationship.
Further, managers should clearly outline paths of career progression to each employee. ____50____ A recent report revealed that more than half of employees surveyed would accept 10% less pay in exchange for a “more interesting career path or more opportunities to learn new skills”.
A. Supporters argue that quiet quitting is a way to safeguard your mental health.
B. They set clear boundaries to improve work-life balance.
C. Regular support and praise that make employees feel valued and connected can get lost.
D. Managers must learn how to have conversations to help employees reduce disengagement and burnout.
E. However, quiet quitting could be a sign that an employee is not happy in their position.
F. Employees are more likely to be engaged when they have specific targets.
【答案】47. B 48. E 49. C 50. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是什么quiet quitting，为什么员工会quiet quitting以及管理者应该怎么做。
【47题详解】
根据下文“They stick to what is in their job description and when they go home, they leave work behind them and focus on non-work duties and activities.( 他们坚持工作描述中的内容，回家后，他们把工作抛在脑后，专注于非工作职责和活动。)”可推断他们在工作和生活中设定了明显的边界，B选项“他们设定了明确的界限，以改善工作与生活的平衡。”符合语境，故选B。
【48题详解】
根据下文“It may also mean they are ready to change positions or may be currently looking for another job. (这也可能意味着他们准备换工作或可能正在寻找另一份工作。)”由此可知quiet quitting也可能意思是员工不满意现在的工作，E选项“然而，quiet quitting可能表明员工对自己的职位不满意。”符合题意，并且和上文构成转折关系，故选E。
【49题详解】
根据上文“Limited meetings can cause a disconnect between employees and management.( 有限的会议可能会导致员工和管理层之间的脱节。)”可知下一句应该描述员工和管理层之间脱节的后果，故C选项“让员工觉得自己受到重视并与他人建立联系的常规的支持和表扬可能会失去。”符合题意，故选C。
【50题详解】
根据上文“Further, managers should clearly outline paths of career progression to each employee.( 此外，管理者应该清楚地勾勒出每个员工的职业发展路径。)”可知下文应该讲员工有了目标才能更有动力工作，F选项“当员工有明确的目标时，他们更有可能投入工作。”符合题意，故选F。
14.浦东新区
Eating meat is not a crime against the planet — if it’s done right
I have huge admiration for George Monbiot, a well-known columnist. His work has highlighted the urgent need to reduce our CO2 emissions and switch to greener energy. He has also shown intensive farming’s role in the dramatic levels of species decline and biodiversity loss. Much of what he writes is in line with my stand. ____67____
It is undeniable that the farming revolution of the 1950s has started a war on nature. These intensive ways of producing food are not only polluting our land and waterways, but are heating up our planet and contributing to a crisis in human health. We need to change the way we eat and produce food, and fast.
____68____But in a recent article, he wrote that organic, pasture-fed beef and lamb are the “world’s most damaging farm products.” He criticises “chefs and foodies” like me for focusing on regenerative grazing — farming that aims to repair, rebuild, revitalize and restore ecosystem function. His alternative vision includes a revolution in creating food in labs from microbes and water.
Although not opposed to the idea of lab-grown food, I am much more for small-scale community-driven farming.
____69____Methods that regenerative farmers propose have shown how non-intensive livestock, when managed well, can increase topsoil more than previously thought, which can then build up biomass (carbon) and keep precious rainwater. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, small-scale farmers currently produce about a third of our food.
____70____These inventions in new food technology are heavily patented, pushing the future of our food supply further into the hands of an increasingly small and powerful collection of multinational food players. In our race to look for better systems of food production. We cannot afford to ignore the risks.
A. Thus far Monbiot and I agree.
B. Monbiot’s enthusiasm for creating food in labs worries me.
C. That is because I believe in the potential of food to be a force for good.
D. Regenerative farming has produced untested food through small-scale farms.
E. The health impact of processed foods gets very little attention from the government.
F. However, regarding the solutions needed to change our farming and food systems, we have different views.
【答案】67. F 68. A 69. C 70. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者和专栏作家乔治·蒙比尔特对于食物种植和新食品技术的看法。
【67题详解】
根据上文“I have huge admiration for George Monbiot, a well-known columnist. His work has highlighted the urgent need to reduce our CO2 emissions and switch to greener energy. He has also shown intensive farming’s role in the dramatic
