2021年高考英语阅读理解真题设问干扰项分析

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2021年高考英语阅读理解真题设问干扰项分析
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考I卷)
A
体裁：应用文 题材：人与社会——介绍意大利罗马经济型旅馆 语篇长度：308
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel ( 旅 社 ). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi-Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.
21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A. Comfort.（无中生有）
B. Security.（无中生有）
C. Price.（与原文相同）
D. Location.（无中生有）
22. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A. Yellow Hostel. （张冠李戴）
B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.（与原文相同）
C. Youth Station Hostel.（张冠李戴）
D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.（张冠李戴）
23. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
A. It gets noisy at night.（无中生有）
B. Its staff is too talkative.（无中生有）
C. It charges for Wi-Fi.（与原文相同）
D. It’s inconveniently located.（无中生有）
答案解析：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉，安全舒适的旅馆。
21. C。细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel ( 旅 社 ).”(对旅行者来说，罗马可能很昂贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因)可知选择住旅社的旅行者可能最关心的是价格。故选C。
22. B。细节理解题。根据Hostel Alessandro Palace部分“If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome.”（如果你喜欢社交旅馆，这是罗马最适合你的旅馆）可知如果你喜欢社交旅馆，Hostel Alessandro Palace是罗马最适合你的旅馆。故选B。
23. C。细节理解题。根据Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes部分“However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi-Fi.”（但是，你需要支付每天2欧元的Wi-Fi）可知Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes的缺点是Wi-Fi收费。故选C。
B
体裁：记叙文 题材：人与社会——介绍一名钢琴翻页师 语篇长度：355
文章出处：https://www./news/2018/1/17/page-turner-robert-titterton-invaluable-partner-for-pianists-of-omega-ensemble ( https: / / www. / news / 2018 / 1 / 17 / page-turner-robert-titterton-invaluable-partner-for-pianists-of-omega-ensemble )
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
24. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music.（与原文相同）
B. Play the piano.（无中生有）
C. Sing songs.（无中生有）
D. Fix the instruments.（无中生有）
25. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage
A. Boring.
B. Well-paid.
C. Demanding（对两个或多个信息点的概括）
D. Dangerous.
26. What does Titterton need to practise
A. Counting the pages.
B. Recognizing the “nodding”.（与原文相同）
C. Catching falling objects.（无中生有）
D. Performing in his own style.（无中生有）
27. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”
A. He has very poor eyesight.（无中生有）
B. He ignores the audience.（无中生有）
C. He has no interest in music.（颠倒是非）
D. He forgets to do his job.（同义转换）
答案解析：这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的Robert Titterton和他的工作情况。
24. A。细节理解题。根据第一段“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.(我不是受过训练的音乐家，但我学会了识谱，这样我就可以在Maria的表演中帮助她)”可知，Titterton因为识谱，所以可以在Maria的钢琴表演中为她翻页。故选A项。
25. C。推理判断题。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.(这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且必要的时候确保你回到前面找到音乐重复的部分)”可知，为钢琴家翻页这项工作很需要技巧。由此推知，Titterton的工作要求是很高的。故选C项。
26. B。细节理解题。根据第四段“Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.(无声的舞台交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点头”风格来表示翻页，他们需要和翻页者进行练习)”可知，Titterton需要和钢琴演奏者练习识别他们的“点头”示意来翻页。故选B项。
27. D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’(他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，Ms Raspopova的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。
C
体裁：说明文 题材：人与自然——美国为保护水禽发行印花税的过程 语篇长度：299
文章出处：
https://www.fws.gov/external-affairs/marketing-communications/printing-and-publishing/publications/FW-1013-The-Duck-Stamp-Story.pdf#:~:text=In%201934%2C%20with%20the%20passage%20of%20the%20Migratory,carry%20a%20Federal%20Duck%20Stamp.%20The%20very%20first ( https: / / www.fws.gov / external-affairs / marketing-communications / printing-and-publishing / publications / FW-1013-The-Duck-Stamp-Story.pdf#:~:text=In%201934%2C%20with%20the%20passage%20of%20the%20Migratory,carry%20a%20Federal%20Duck%20Stamp.%20The%20very%20first )
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands.（与原文相同）
B. Popularity of water sports.（无中生有）
C. Pollution of rivers. （无中生有）
D. Arrival of other wild animals.（无中生有）
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire.
B. Export.
C. Destroy.（同义转换）
D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down.（无中生有）
B. The migratory birds have flown away.（无中生有）
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. （颠倒是非）
D. The government has collected money.（同义转换）
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story（对两个或多个信息点的概括）
B. The National Wildlife Refuge System（以偏概全）
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl（无中生有）
D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting（以偏概全）
答案解析：本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
28. A。 细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
29. C。词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
30. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
31. A。主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
D
体裁：议论文 题材：人与社会——情商的大众普及有利也有弊 语篇长度：299
文章出处：http://eqi.org/salov2.htm ( http: / / eqi.org / salov2.htm )
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.（颠倒是非）
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind（无中生有）.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.（以偏概全）
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.（对两个或多个信息点的概括）
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule.（无中生有）.
B. To clarify a concept.（对两个或多个信息点的概括）
To present a fact.（无中生有）.
D. To make a prediction.（无中生有）.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable.（对两个或多个信息点的概括）
B. Intolerant. （颠倒是非）
C. Doubtful.（颠倒是非）
D. Unclear. （颠倒是非）
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. （无中生有）.
B. Expectations for future studies.（对两个或多个信息点的概括）
C. Its practical application.（无中生有）.
D. Scientists with new perspectives.（无中生有）.
答案解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
32. D。细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。
33. B。推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
34. A。推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
35. B。推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国乙卷)
A
体裁：说明文 题材：人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 语篇长度：235
文章出处：https://www./pictures-50-biggest-stadiums-world-capacity-stadia-887505 ( https: / / www. / pictures-50-biggest-stadiums-world-capacity-stadia-887505 )
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best-known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities（容量） slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still funtiona1, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
· Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang D.P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.
· Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U. S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927.
· Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U. S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
· Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U. S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7,1922.
· Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U. S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24, 1927.
21. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A. 104,944. （偷梁换柱）
B. 107,601. （偷梁换柱）
C. About 150,000. （偷梁换柱）
D. About250,000.（与原文相同）
22. Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A. Michigan Stadium. （偷梁换柱）
B. Beaver Stadium. （偷梁换柱）
C. Ohio Stadium. （与原文相同）
D. Kyle Field. （偷梁换柱）
23. What do the listed stadiums have in common
A. They host big games. （与原文相同）
B. They have become tourist attractions. （无中生有）
C. They were built by Americans. （以偏概全）
D. They are favored by architects. （无中生有）
答案解析：
21.D 细节理解题，考查考生识别和理解具体信息的能力。根据文章第一段最后一句“However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.”可知，该体育场大约能容纳250,000人左右。
22.C 细节理解题，考查考生识别和理解具体信息的能力。根据文章最后一部分列出的五个体育场，其中 “Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.”可知，Ohio Stadium于1922年开放，与其他体育场相比较，历史最悠久。
23.A细节理解题，考查考生识别和理解具体信息的能力。根据文章第四段“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.”可知，这些体育场都仍然举办世界上最大型的赛事。
B
体裁：说明文 题材：人与社会——科学与技术——科技发展 语篇长度：335
文章出处：
https://www..au/technology/when-will-aussies-retire-their-home-phone-20170731-gxm209.html ( https: / / www..au / technology / when-will-aussies-retire-their-home-phone-20170731-gxm209.html )
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline（座机）
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact, plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter（29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users. （无中生有）
B. Their wide popularity.（对两个或多个信息点的概括）
C. Their major functions.（无中生有）
D. Their complex design.（无中生有）
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Admit. （同义转换）
B. Argue.（张冠李戴）
C. Remember. （张冠李戴）
D. Remark. （张冠李戴）
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smartphone games.（无中生有）
B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.（无中生有）
C. They keep using landline phones.（对两个或多个信息点的概括）
D. They are attached to their family.（无中生有）
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A. It remains a family necessity. （颠倒是非）
B. It will fall out of use some day. （对两个或多个信息点的概括）
C. It may increase daily expenses. （无中生有）
D. It is as important as the gas light. （颠倒是非）
答案解析：
24.B 主旨大意题，考查考生归纳概括段落主旨的能力。由文章第二段可知如今在澳大利亚，15岁以上的人都有手机，很多小孩子都有手机，几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话，说明手机广受欢迎。
25.A 词义猜测题，考查考生在具体语境中推测词义的能力。根据第三段的“Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket…”及上下文可知，在仍使用固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人只是将其作为一种安全保障。由此可推测出他们承认没有必要使用固定电话。因此concede是“承认”的意思。
26.C 推理判断题，考查考生理解文中细节信息并作出简单推理的能力。根据文章第四段第二句“…compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.”可知，84%的婴儿潮一代可能50年以来都没换过家庭电话号码，由此可推断出他们一直在使用座机。
27.B 推理判断题，考查考生理解文中细节信息并作出简单推理的能力。根据最后一段“How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries ”可知，煤气路灯和早晨送奶已经过时，将座机作对比，可推断出座机也会和它们一样，迟早会被时代抛弃。
C
体裁：说明文 题材：人与自然——环境保护——人与环境 语篇长度：301
文章出处：http://cncc.bingj.com/cache.aspx q=https%3a%2f%2fwww.%2fentry%2focean-plastics-art...&d=4856298259352383&mkt=en-US&setlang=en-US&w=9s8EHwBFBxqgY5iq0KMvDWMBU9O1golg ( http: / / cncc.bingj.com / cache.aspx q=https%3a%2f%2fwww.%2fentry%2focean-plastics-art...&d=4856298259352383&mkt=en-US&setlang=en-US&w=9s8EHwBFBxqgY5iq0KMvDWMBU9O1golg )
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10- foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. （范围扩缩）
B. Introducing eco-friendly products. （无中生有）
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.（反话正说）
D. Reducing garbage on the beach. （范围扩缩）
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling. （对两个或多个信息点的概括）
B. To explain why they are useful. （颠倒是非）
C. To voice his views on modern art. （颠倒是非）
D. To find a substitute for them. （颠倒是非）
30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers
A. Calming. （颠倒是非）
B. Disturbing. （对两个或多个信息点的概括）
C. Refreshing. （颠倒是非）
D. Challenging. （颠倒是非）
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety（范围扩缩）
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art（无中生有）
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies（无中生有）
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures（与原文相同）
答案解析：
28.C 细节理解题，考查考生识别和理解具体信息的能力。根据文章第一段的“You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.”可知，Von Wong制作艺术作品的目的是为了吸引公众对塑料垃圾的关注。
29.A推理判断题，考查考生理解文中细节信息并作出简单推理的能力。根据第三段的第二句“Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic pollution…, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled.”可知塑料吸管小且轻，不容易回收。
30.B 推理判断题，考查考生理解文中细节信息并作出简单推理的能力。根据第四段的Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once. 可知Von Wong和志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后将它们绑在一起，看起来好像立刻就要从卡车上倾倒下来，这是一种不好的视觉感受。B选项disturbing（令人不安的）更能表达观看者的感受。
31.D 主旨大意题，考查考生理解主旨要义和总括全文的能力。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.”可知 Benjamin Von Wong 通过把塑料吸管做成雕塑来引起公众的关注。
D
体裁：说明文 题材：人与社会——社会进步 语篇长度：360
文章出处：https://hbr.org/2017/10/why-you-can-focus-in-a-coffee-shop-but-not-in-your-open-office ( https: / / hbr.org / 2017 / 10 / why-you-can-focus-in-a-coffee-shop-but-not-in-your-open-office )
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate. （对两个或多个信息点的概括）
B. It blocks out background noise. （无中生有）
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere. （颠倒是非）
D. It encourages face-to-face interactions. （颠倒是非）
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence. （颠倒是非）
B. 50 decibels（颠倒是非）
C. 70 decibels. （对两个或多个信息点的概括）
D. 85 decibels. （颠倒是非）
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected. （颠倒是非）
B. Limited working space. （颠倒是非）
C. Restrictions on group discussion. （颠倒是非）
D. Constant interruptions. （对两个或多个信息点的概括）
35. What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He’s a news reporter. （颠倒是非）
B. He’s an office manager. （颠倒是非）
C. He’s a professional designer. （颠倒是非）
D. He’s a published writer. （对两个或多个信息点的概括）
答案解析：
32.A细节理解题，考查考生识别和理解具体信息的能力。根据文章第二段第二句Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”.可知，作者的采访者因为在开放式办公室工作时会分心，便在街对面的共用工作空间里办了一个会员，以便集中注意力，由此可知采访者偏爱共享办公空间的原因是为了集中注意力。A选项的concentrate和文中的focus是同义转换。
33.C细节理解题，考查考生识别和理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段的“however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups.”以及第三段的“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability.”可知70分贝的噪音能够促进创造性思维能力的提升。
34.D 细节理解题，考查考生识别和理解具体信息的能力。根据最后一段的The problem may be that in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.可推断出许多人讨厌开放式办公室是因为在办公室容易卷入他人的谈话，很难集中注意力；句中的 “get drawn into”表示“被吸引，卷入，参与”。
35.D 推理判断题，考查考生理解文中细节信息并作出简单推理的能力。根据文章第一段第一句“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often.”可知作者在书会中接受采访，由此推断作者是一名出版过作品的作家。
2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国甲卷)
A
体裁：应用文 题材：人与社会——文学、艺术与体育 语篇长度：245
文章出处： 书籍Landscape Photographer of Year
Take a view, the Landscape（风景） Photographer of the Year Award,was the idea of Charlie Waite,one of today's most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd(2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in thedarkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
Timothy Smith(2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
21. Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A. Writers.( 无中生有)
B. Photographers.(对两个或多个信息点的概括)
C. Painters. ( 无中生有)
D.Tourists. ( 无中生有)
22. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images.（原文相同）
B. They are in black and white.（以偏概全）
C. They show mountainous scenes. ( 无中生有)
D. They focus on snow-covered forests. ( 无中生有)
23. Where can the text be found
A. In a history book. ( 无中生有)
B. In a novel. ( 无中生有)
C. In an art magazine. (对两个或多个信息点的概括)
D. In a biography. ( 无中生有)
答案和解析
21. B。细节理解题。根据第一段“Take a view, the Landscape(风景）Photographer of the Year Award,was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.”（ Take a view年度风景摄影师奖是 Charlie Waite 的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一）可知摄影师最有可能参加 Take a view。故选 B。
22. A。细节理解题。根据 Mike Shepherd 部分“It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air.”（那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾）和 Timothy Smith 部分“I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.”（我回到我的家乡 Macclesfield 拍摄一些冬季的照片）可知 Shepherd 和 Smith 的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。故选A。
23. C。推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view 是一项令人向往的年度竞赛 ）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛 Take a view 以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选 C。
B
体裁：说明文 题材：人与自然——环境保护 语篇长度：263
文章出处：
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/travel_news/article-5418063/Kent-wildlife-park-celebrates-arrival-black-rhino-calf.html ( https: / / www.dailymail.co.uk / travel / travel_news / article-5418063 / Kent-wildlife-park-celebrates-arrival-black-rhino-calf.html )
Port Lympne Reserve,which runs a breeding（繁育） programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf （犀牛幼崽）. When the tiny creature arrived on January 31.she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve.And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival,especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity（圈养）.
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said:“Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family.She's healthy,strong and already eager to play and explore.Her mother,Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job.It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,but as soon as the weather warms up,I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild.The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg.His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered”status.
24. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme
A. Costly. ( 无中生有)
B. Controversial. ( 无中生有)
C. Ambitious. ( 无中生有)
D. Successful. (对两个或多个信息点的概括)
25. What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino
A. She loves staying with her mother.(偷梁换柱)
B. She dislikes outdoor activities. ( 无中生有)
C. She is in good condition.(同义转换)
D. She is sensitive to heat. (偷梁换柱)
26. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have
A. They had their first born in January. (对两个或多个信息点的概括)
B. They enjoyed exploring new places. (偷梁换柱)
C. They lived with their grandmothers.(张冠李戴)
D. They were brought to the reserve young.（颠倒是非）
27. What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve
A. The rhino section will be open to the public. ( 无中生有)
B. It aims to control the number of the animals. (偷梁换柱)
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund. (偷梁换柱)
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas. (同义转换)
答案和解析
24. D。推理判断题。通过文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve (她成为该保护区出生的第 40 头黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，可推知，这计划是成功的。故选 D 项。
25. C。细节理解题。通过文章第二段“She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了)”可知，Paul Beer 认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C 项。
26. A。细节理解题。通过文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第 40 头在保护区出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32 kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈 Kisima 分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在 Port Lympne，体重约为 32 公斤)”可知，Solio 和 Kisima 的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选 A 项。
27. D。推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pon Lympne 保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D 项。
C
体裁：记叙文 题材：人与自我——生活和学习 语篇长度：338
文章出处：https://www./2014/12/07/magazine/safe-on-the-southbank.html ( https: / / www. / 2014 / 12 / 07 / magazine / safe-on-the-southbank.html )
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language.And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello.
It meant don't worry about it.Once,when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆），I fell onto the stones,damaging a nerve in my hand,and Toby came over,helping me up: Safe, man.Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting:“Safe! Safe! Safe!”And that's what mattered - landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington.I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming.Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank,spending hours there.I've traveled back several times since,most recently this past spring.The day wascold but clear；tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭） among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt,skidded（滑） up to the beam.He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him.But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,”I told him.Then, slowly, he began to nod his head.“Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah.”I said. “Safe.”
28. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London
A. He felt disappointed. (同义转换)
B. He gave up his hobby. (张冠李戴)
C. He liked the weather there. （颠倒是非）
D. He had disagreements with his family. (偷梁换柱)
29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean
A. Be careful! ( 无中生有)
B. Well done! (对两个或多个信息点的概括)
C. No way! ( 无中生有)
D. Don't worry! ( 无中生有)
30. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London
A. To join the skateboarding. (张冠李戴)
B. To make new friends. (张冠李戴)
C. To learn more tricks. (张冠李戴)
D. To relive his childhood days. (两个或多个信息点的概括)
31. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A. Children should learn a second language. ( 无中生有)
B. Sport is necessary for children's health. ( 无中生有)
C. Children need a sense of belonging. (对两个或多个信息点的概括)
D. Seeing the world is a must for children. ( 无中生有)
答案和解析
28. A。推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
29. B。词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的 Safe 是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选 B。
30. D。推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我 20 年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去 Southbank 这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
31. C。推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方， 结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选 C。
D
体裁：议论文 题材：人与社会——历史社会和文化 语篇长度：297
文章出处：http:///pl/jungle/genius-takes-many-forms-526589 ( http: / / / pl / jungle / genius-takes-many-forms-526589 )
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius, His face is almost the international symbol for genius.But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men.of European origin .Perhaps this is not a surprise. I's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club --- women, or people of a different color or belief ---they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender (性别) are "really, really smart." Even worse,the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really,really smart.”Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer:absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look,the more we will see that social factors(因素）like gender,race,and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says,future geniuses come from those with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力），and simple good fortune,who are able to change the world.”
32. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair. (同义转换)
B. They're conservative. ( 无中生有)
C. They're objective. （颠倒是非）
D. They're strict. ( 无中生有)
33. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart. （颠倒是非）
B. They look up to great thinkers. (偷梁换柱)
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys. ( 无中生有)
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs. (同义转换)
34. Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication. (同义转换)
B. Less discrimination against women. ( 无中生有)
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts. （颠倒是非）
D. Changes in people's social positions. (偷梁换柱)
35. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike ( 无中生有)
B. Genius Takes Many Forms (对两个或多个信息点的概括)
C. Genius and Intelligence（以偏概全）
D. Genius and Luck ( 无中生有)
答案和解析
32. A。推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的， 因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
33. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选 D。
34. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里， 我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
35. B。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius （谁是天才）” 和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)可知， 天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知 B 项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选 B。
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