Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?单元练习题（含解析）

Unit 4(单元练习)-人教版英语八年级下册单元练习题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、单项选择
1．Tony wants to ________ his Chinese and he works hard on it every day.
A．improve B．interview C．continue D．remember
2．Every evening my father ________ newspapers while my mother watches TV.
A．looks up B．looks for C．looks after D．looks through
3．We ________ exercise every day if we want to keep healthy.
A．maybe B．could C．would D．should
4．Kitty works hard ________ she can do well in the exam.
A．such that B．so that C．in order to D．because
5．________ my grandpa is old, he looks very strong and healthy.
A．Because B．If C．Although D．When
6．Peter, you can’t leave your office ________ you finish your work.
A．if B．because C．when D．until
7．— How about watching a film this afternoon
— ________ , but I have to look after my sick brother.
A．That’s all right B．That’s right
C．I can’t D．Sounds great
8．—It’s too hot. Would you mind ________ the door
—________. Please do it now.
A．to open; Of course B．opening; Certainly not
C．opening; Of course D．to open; Good idea
9．—What should I do There is something ________ with my legs.
—Nothing________. Follow the ________ advice. and you’ll get well soon.
A．wrong; serious; doctor’s B．wrongs; wrong; doctor’s
C．serious; wrong; doctor’s D．kinds; wrong; doctors’
10．—May we leave the classroom now
—No, you ________. You ________ to leave until the bell rings.
A．mustn’t; aren’t allowed B．mustn’t; are allowed C．needn’t; are allowed D．needn’t; aren’t allowed
11．It was great in the end ________ we had a terrible time at the beginning.
A．if B．unless C．when D．although
12．Li Lei didn't play computer games last weekend. ________, he worked as a volunteer in an old people's home.
A．Instead B．Certainly C．Though D．Gradually
13．—How's it going, Tina
—Great. My company has ________ me a good job.
A．offered B．provided C．introduced D．discovered
14．—What a sunny day! Why not go cycling
—___________.
A．No, I don’t mind B．You’d better not C．That sounds great D．It’s my pleasure
15．Don’t worry! I’m sure you’ll ______ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.
A．catch up with B．be pleased with
C．get on well with D．agree with
16．—Look! Some people are running the red lights.
—We should wait ________ others are breaking the rule.
A．although B．if
C．unless D．because
17．David, you please sweep the floor and take out the trash
A．could B．may C．might D．must
18．I think parents should spend more time_________with their children.
A．communicate B．communicating C．talk D．talking
二、完形填空
Now some students don’t like reading. In their free time, the Internet and mobile phones become these students’ ____19____ entertainments(娱乐活动), and reading is becoming a thing of the past. In fact, reading is good for everyone, and here are some ways to make reading more ____20____.
First, find a quiet place in your house. You can set up your own ____21____ center there. Make sure there is a comfortable ____22____ or sofa and good lighting. You can even put a small box full of your favourite ____23____ nearby, so you can eat them. Second, imagine in your mind when you are reading. If you are reading Harry Potter, you can imagine ____24____ Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry looks like. Imagine what would happen if you were there. For example, if you were Harry Potter, what would you do when you meet ____25____ Also, you can listen to music while reading. Good ____26____ may help you relax more and the book will make you have a good time. If you read a lot, you will know more words. You can also learn more knowledge from reading. The ____27____ way is if you find a book you enjoy reading, ask your friends to read the book too. If you have questions about the book, you can ____28____ with them together. Let’s enjoy reading.
19．A．hopeful B．good C．main D．bad
20．A．enjoyable B．beautiful C．helpful D．useful
21．A．studying B．learning C．listening D．reading
22．A．book B．desk C．chair D．light
23．A．magazines B．snacks C．stationery(文具) D．pencils
24．A．why B．where C．how D．what
25．A．teachers B．problems C．stories D．friends
26．A．places B．books C．picture D．music
27．A．crazy B．last C．better D．first
28．A．have B．enjoy C．discuss D．read
三、阅读单选
What are you going to do if you are in a burning house How will you escape Do you know how to save yourself Please read the following passage.
Escaping a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save your life. It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family, such as stairways and fire escapes, but not lifts.
From the lower floors of the buildings, escaping through windows is possible. Learn the best way of leaving by windows with the least chance of serious injury.
The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground. An average person, hanging by the fingertips will have a drop of about six feet to the ground. It is about the height of an average man. Of course, it is safer to jump a short way than to slay in a burning building.
Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed, or smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may have leaked (渗) into the room.
On a second or third floor, the best windows for escape are these which open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto cement (水泥)might end with injury. Bushes and grass can help to break a fall.
29．It is more important to ________.
A．put out the fire in the burning house B．know the ways to escape the fire
C．jump off a burning house D．keep the door closed
30．It is possible to escape through the windows ________.
A．if you have a long rope
B．if you are strong enough
C．if you live on a lower floor
D．if there are some bushes on the ground
31．Which of the following escaping ways is NOT right
A．You can escape through stairways.
B．You can choose fire escapes.
C．Escape from the windows which open onto a roof.
D．Use a lift to come down at once.
32．Keep your head low at the window so that ________ if the building is on fire.
A．you can get fresh air B．you can call for help
C．you can easily jump off D．you can be seen first
33．The best title of the passage is ________.
A．Escaping from the Windows B．Save Yourself in the Burning House
C．Knowledge on Fire D．Waiting for Help
Language students often think they have memory problems. They worry because they can’t remember words. In fact, the problem usually isn’t with their memory. The problem is with how they study.
To remember words better, you need to understand how memory works. There are two kinds of memory: short term and long term. When you see, hear, or read something, it goes first into short-term memory. But short-term memory lasts for only a few seconds. You will only remember something longer if it goes into long-term memory. Your long term memory is like a very big library with many, many books. And like a library, it’s organized(有条理的). When you put away a book—or memory—you can’t just leave it anywhere. You have to choose a place where you can find it again.
How can you do this with vocabulary The answer is to work with the word and think about the word in new ways. You can do this by writing new sentences that include it. Even better, you can invent a little story about the word, with people or places that you know. Another way is to make a picture in your mind with the word. For example, if the word is “height”, you can think of the tallest person you know and try to guess his or her height. All of these activities are good ways to think about words. They make the meaning of words stronger in your long-term memory. And they give a way to find a word when you need it.
34．In the writer’s opinion, students can’t remember words because ________.
A．they are too worried
B．they don’t use a proper way
C．they have memory problems
D．they don’t like to study
35．The underlined words “long-term” means ________ in Chinese.
A．长的学期 B．长期的 C．长的术语 D．长的条款
36．The long-term memory ________.
A．lasts for only a few seconds
B．is like a very big lake with lots of fishes
C．is like a very big library with many, many books
D．is bad for students’ study
37．According to the passage, you can memorize vocabulary by ________.
A．reading as often as possible
B．writing emails to the people you know
C．taking many photos about them
D．making pictures in your mind with the words
38．This passage mainly tells us about ________.
A．how to improve ways to remember words
B．language students’ problems in study
C．short term and long term memory
D．how to make the meaning of words stronger
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式（最多限填三个单词）填空。
Do you like exercising Exercise is one of the ___39___ (easy) ways of improving your health. Regular（有规律的） exercise can not only keep you healthy, ___40___ also make you relaxed. No matter what your age is, many interesting activities can help you feel better instead ___41___ getting worse.
If you are not ready to exercise regularly, you can do the everyday activities such as cleaning the house, washing the car or walking while talking on the phone or ___42___ (walk) a dog.
If you haven’t exercised before or you’ve been unable to keep it, ____43____ is important not to set unrealistic（不切实际的） goals. Why not ___44___ (make) a short-term goal You can exercise 10 minutes just three or four times ____45____ week at first.
Make your exercise fun. Exercise can be a fun time when you walk out with your family or ____46____ (friend). Exercise with them in new neighborhoods or beautiful parks. After exercising, you can also sit on the grass ____47____ (comfortable).
Although you enjoy an everyday exercise much, you may find that you finally lose interest ____48____ it. You can decide to set your goals and reward yourself. Keeping a record will be a great help and a new pair of shoes will be a best reward for you.
五、补全对话7选5
A: Hey, how’s it going
B: Oh, all right. ____49____ Could you give me some advice(建议)
A: Sure. I think, first, you should be brave enough to talk with the people who you want to make friends with.
B: Okay, thanks for your advice. Can I ask one more question
A: Go on please. ____50____.
B: Can I call them
A: ____51____ After all, friends need to chat with each other.
B: That’s right. What kind of person should I make friends with
A: ____52____ I can make friends with an old man and also with a young kid.
B: Wow, that’s amazing. I didn’t know making friends would be easy. ____53____.
A: Good luck to you. Goodbye.
B: Goodbye.
A．Why not
B．Thank you.
C．I’m glad to help you.
D．What does your friend do
E．I think anyone can be a friend.
F．I’m trying to make some new friends.
G．A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.
六、用所给单词的正确形式填空
54．The riot（暴乱）had a great impact（冲击）on the ________ of the country.（develop）
55．We should learn to have a ________ (communicate) with different people in different fields.
56．—Every student in our class was at the meeting except you. Why
—Sorry, sir. Ms Wang ________ (explain) a maths problem to me.
57．Mother won’t go to bed until she ________（finish）her housework.
58．Children under 18 ________________(not allow) to watch this show without their parents.
七、材料作文
59．你的朋友Tom向你请教如何提高记忆力。请你根据以下内容要点，以“How to improve your memory”为题，给Tom一些建议。
要点：1. 在你记忆之前，最好先理解它；
2. 记的时候可以试着在脑海里形成画面；
3. 健康的饮食、充足的睡眠和适当的运动对提高记忆力也很有帮助。
提示词：想象imagine　活跃的active　放松的relaxed
要求：1. 80词左右，标题已给出，不计入总词数内；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名；
3. 可适当增加细节，以使条理清楚、行文连贯；
4. 标点正确，书面整洁。
How to improve your memory
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
试卷第1页，共3页
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案：
1．A
【详解】句意：托尼想提高他的汉语，他每天都在努力学习。
考查动词。improve提高；interview采访；continue继续；remember记住。根据“he works hard on it every day”可知，他每天学习汉语，因此他想要提高汉语，故选A。
2．D
【详解】句意：每天晚上我爸爸看看报纸，而我妈妈看电视。
考查动词短语。look up“查找；查阅”；look for“寻找”；look after“照顾”；look through“浏览”。根据空后的“newspapers”可知，此处是浏览报纸，故选D。
3．D
【详解】句意：如果我们想保持健康，我们应该每天锻炼。
考查副词和情态动词辨析。maybe大概，副词；could能够，情态动词；would将、会，情态动词；should应该，情态动词。根据条件状语从句“if we want to keep healthy.”可知，应是我们应该每天锻炼。故选D。
4．B
【详解】句意：Kitty努力学习，以便她能在考试中取得好成绩。
考查目的状语从句。such that到这样的程度；so that以便，为了；in order to为了；because因为。空后是完整的句子，所以排除C；根据“she can do well in the exam”可知，努力学习的目的是取得好成绩，所以用so that引导目的状语从句。故选B。
5．C
【详解】句意：虽然我的爷爷老了，但是他看起来非常强壮和健康。
考查连词辨析。Because因为，引导原因状语从句；If如果，引导条件状语从句；Although虽然，引导让步状语从句；When当……时，引导时间状语从句。根据“my grandpa is old”和“he looks very strong and healthy.”可知，两者之间是让步关系，因此用although引导让步状语从句。故选C。
6．D
【详解】句意：彼得，你不能离开你的办公室直到你完成你的工作。
考查连词。if如果；because因为；when当……时；until直到；根据“you can’t leave your office ...you finish your work”可知，直到完成工作才可以离开，是not...until的结构，故选D。
7．D
【详解】句意：——今天下午去看电影怎么样？——听起来太棒了，但是我必须照顾我生病的弟弟。
考查情境交际。That’s all right没关系；That’s right没错；I can’t我不能；Sounds great听起来太棒了。根据“How about watching a film this afternoon ”可知，此处询问看电影怎么样，应用“Sounds great”回答。故选D。
8．B
【详解】句意：——太热了。你介意打开门吗？——当然不介意。请打开吧。
考查非谓语动词以及情景交际。mind doing sth“介意做某事”，动名词作宾语，排除A和D选项。Certainly not当然不；Of course当然。根据“Please do it now”可知，不介意对方打开门，故选B。
9．A
【详解】句意：——我该怎么办？我的腿有点问题。——没什么严重的。听从医生的建议，你很快就会好的。
考查形容词词义辨析和名词所有格。wrong错误的；serious严重的；kinds种类；doctor’s（一个）医生的，为单数名词的所有格；doctors’医生们的，为复数名词的所有格。由句中“There is something...with my legs”可知第一空是说腿有些毛病，There is something wrong with“……有毛病”，第一空用wrong；由答语中“Nothing...”可知，对方觉得问题不是很严重，第二空用serious；第三空应该是听从所看医生的建议，用单数名词的所有格，应用doctor’s，故选A。
10．A
【详解】句意：——我们现在可以离开教室了吗？——不，不行。铃响之前你们不准离开。
考查情态动词和until的用法。mustn’t禁止，不许；needn’t不必，不需要。根据“May we leave...”可知，对方提出请求，否定回答用情态动词can’t或mustn’t，排除C和D；not...until...“直到……才……”，固定搭配，此处指直到铃声响才能离开，因此第二空用否定形式。故选A。
11．D
【详解】句意：虽然一开始我们很糟糕，但最后还是很棒的。
考查连词辨析。if如果；unless除非，如果不；when当……时候；although虽然，尽管。根据句意可知，空前“It was great”与空后“we had a terrible time”是转折关系，这里应用although引导让步状语从句。故选D。
12．A
【详解】句意：李雷上周末没有玩电脑游戏。相反，他在一家养老院做志愿者。
考查副词辨析。Instead相反地；Certainly当然；Though然而；尽管；Gradually逐渐地。根据句意可知，李雷没有玩游戏，而是去当志愿者，空后表示与前面相反的事情，因此Instead符合语境，故选A。
13．A
【详解】句意：——最近怎么样，蒂娜？——很好。我的公司给了我一份好工作。
考查动词辨析。offered提供；provided提供；introduced介绍；discovered发现；根据句意理解可知，这里是表示“提供某人某物”，英语是offer sb sth，而provide的结构是provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb，分析句子结构可知，这里应该用offered，故选A。
14．C
【详解】句意：——多好的一天啊！为什么不去骑自行车？——听起来不错。
考查情景交际。No, I don’t mind不，我不介意；You’d better not你最好不要；That sounds great听起来不错；It’s my pleasure这是我的荣幸；根据句意理解及前句的提议Why not go cycling 可知，这里的回答要么是接受，要么是拒绝，综合四个选项可知，C选项表达的是接受上面的建议，表示“听起来不错”，故选C。
15．C
【详解】句意：别担心！如果你对同学们和蔼可亲，我相信你会和他们相处得很好。A. catch up with 赶上，追上；B.be pleased with 满意于，对…喜欢；C. get on well with 与…相处的很好；D. agree with 同意、赞成。 根据题意，如果你亲切友好的对待同学，你应该是会和他们相处的很好。故答案为C。
16．A
【详解】句意：——看！有些人在闯红灯。——我们应该等待，尽管其他人正在违反规则。
考查连词辨析。although尽管；if如果；unless除非；because因为。根据“We should wait…others are breaking the rule”可知，前后文是让步关系，故选A。
17．A
【详解】句意：David，你能打扫一下地板，把垃圾倒掉吗？A. could能，会；B. may 可以；C. might可以；D. must必须。根据横线后面的内容，扫地板，倒垃圾，所知，是表 示允许而且带有委婉的语气，could you please+动词原形，表示请你做……好吗？故选 A。
18．B
【详解】句意：我认为父母应该花更多的时间和孩子交流。
考查动词短语及非谓语动词。communicate with sb.和某人交流；talk with sb.和某人谈话。本句强调父母应多和孩子交流，故用communicate with更为合适。sb spend+时间+doing sth“某人花费时间做某事”，故此处应为动名词communicating。故选B。
19．C 20．A 21．D 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．C
【导语】本文主要讲几个让阅读更有趣的方法。
19．句意：在他们空闲时间，网络和手机变成这些学生的主要娱乐活动。
hopeful充满希望的；good好的；main主要的；bad差的。根据“the Internet and mobile phones become these students’...”可知此处指手机和网络是学生主要的娱乐活动。故选C。
20．句意：事实上，阅读对每个人来说都是有好处的，并且这儿有一些方式来让阅读更加的令人愉快。
enjoyable 令人愉快的；beautiful 美丽的；helpful乐于助人的；useful有用的。根据“reading is good for everyone, and here are some ways to make reading more...”可知阅读有好处，故此处讲要让阅读更令人愉悦。故选A。
21．句意：你可以在那儿建立你自己的阅读中心。
studying学习；learning学习；listening听；reading阅读。根据“...center”可知此处讲的是阅读，故应是阅读中心。故选D。
22．句意：确保那儿有一个舒适的椅子或沙发并且有好的光线。
book书；desk书桌；chair椅子；light光线。根据“...or sofa”可知应是椅子或沙发可以坐着，故选C。
23．句意：你甚至可以放一个小盒子里面是你最爱的零食，这样你可以吃它们。
magazines杂志；snacks零食；stationery文具；pencils铅笔。根据“so you can eat them.”可知可以吃的是零食，故选B。
24．句意：如果你在阅读《哈利·波特》，你可以想象霍格沃茨魔法学校是什么样子。
why为什么；where哪儿；how 怎样；what什么。根据“...look like”可知此处用what作like的宾语，故选D。
25．句意：例如，如果你是哈利波特，当你遇到问题，你会怎么做呢？
teachers老师；problems 问题；stories故事；friends朋友。根据“what would you do when you meet...”可知此处指遇到问题，故选B。
26．句意：好的音乐会帮助你更放松，并且这个书将会让你度过一段好的时光。
places 地点；books 书；picture图片；music音乐。根据“Also, you can listen to music while reading.”可知此处谈到音乐，故选D。
27．句意：最后一个方式是如果你找到你喜欢阅读的书，邀请你的朋友也来阅读这本书。
crazy疯狂的；last最后的；better更好的；first第一。根据“the...way is”可知此处到了文章结尾处，应是最后一个方法了，故选B。
28．句意：如果关于这本书你有问题，你可以和他们一起讨论。
have有；enjoy享受；discuss讨论；read阅读。根据“ask your friends to read the book too. If you have questions about the book...”可知朋友也读了你读的书，这样有问题就能一起讨论，故选C。
29．B 30．C 31．D 32．A 33．B
【导语】本文提供了一些如何从一个发生火灾的建筑物中逃生的方法。
29．细节理解题。根据“It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family”可知，知道你能够使用的逃生方法是非常重要的，并把他们展示给你的每个家人。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据“From the lower floors of the buildings, escaping through windows is possible”可知，从低层建筑的窗户逃生是有可能的。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据“It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family, such as stairways and fire escapes, but not lifts”可知，着火时乘坐电梯逃生时错误的，D表述错误，故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may have leaked (渗) into the room”可知，如果建筑物如果着火的话，打开窗户，可以让你呼吸道新鲜的空气，而不会被渗透到房间的烟给呛到。故选A。
33．标题归纳题。根据第一段及全文的内容可知，本文主要讲的是如何在火灾中逃生。故选B。
34．B 35．B 36．C 37．D 38．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲了记忆的两种类型及一些帮助我们记单词的方法。
34．细节理解题。根据“In fact, the problem usually isn’t with their memory. The problem is with how they study.”可知学生记不住单词是因为他们不知道如何学习，即没有合适的方法，故选B。
35．词义猜测题。根据“But short-term memory lasts for only a few seconds. You will only remember something longer if it goes into long-term memory. Your long term memory is like a very big library with many, many books.”可知短期记忆只持续几秒，但是长期记忆能记住的时间更长，即“long-term”的意思是“长期的”。故选B。
36．细节理解题。根据“Your long term memory is like a very big library with many, many books.”可知长期记忆像一个图书馆，里面存了很多很多书，故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据“Another way is to make a picture in your mind with the word”可知另一种记单词的方式是在脑海中想象一幅画面，故选D。
38．主旨大意题。根据“Language students often think they have memory problems. They worry because they can’t remember words.”及下文可知本文主要讲提高记单词的方式，故选A。
39．easiest 40．but 41．of 42．walking 43．it 44．make 45．a##one 46．friends 47．comfortably 48．in
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何在生活中进行运动的几个方法。
39．句意：运动是改善健康最容易的方法之一。one of the+最高级+复数名词表示“最……的……之一”，形容词easy的最高级为easiest。故填easiest。
40．句意：有规律的运动不仅能让你保持健康，而且能让你放松下来。not only…but also…表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
41．句意：无论你年龄多大，许多有趣的活动可以帮助你感觉变得更好，而不是变得更糟。instead of表示“而不是”，后接动名词。故填of。
42．句意：如果你不准备有规律地运动，你可以做一些日常的活动，例如，打扫屋子、洗车子、边走边打电话或者遛狗。根据“cleaning the house, washing the car or walking while talking on the phone”可知连词or连接的是并列结构都是动名词，因此空格处应填动词walk的动名词walking。故填walking。
43．句意：如果你之前没有运动过，或者你没办法坚持运动，那不去制定不切实际的目标就非常重要了。分析句子结构此处应用It is+形容词+(not) to do sth表示“（不）做某事是怎么样的”。故填it。
44．句意：为什么不制定一个短期目标呢？句型Why not do sth 表示建议，意为“为什么不做某事？”，因此此处应填动词make的原形。故填make。
45．句意：刚开始，你可以一周只做三四次10分钟的运动。结合语境可知此处说明的是运动的频率，three or four times a week表示“一周三四次”，因此可用a或one表示“一次”。故填a / one。
46．句意：当你和家人或朋友一起出去散步的时候，运动可以是一段有趣的时光。连词or连接两个并列的名词，因此friend应用复数形式friends。故填friends。
47．句意：运动之后，你可以舒服地坐在草地上。动词sit可用副词修饰。形容词comfortable的副词为comfortably。故填comfortably。
48．句意：尽管你喜欢每天运动，但是你也可能会发现最后会失去兴趣。lose interest in sth表示“失去对某物的兴趣”。故填in。
49．F 50．C 51．A 52．E 53．B
【导语】本文是关于怎样交新朋友的对话。
49．根据“ Sure. I think, first, you should be brave enough to talk with the people who you want to make friends with.”可知，这里应该是说自己想要交朋友，选项F“我想交些新朋友。”符合，故选F。
50．根据“Can I ask one more question ”以及“Go on please.”可知，此处应是说乐意帮忙，选项C“我很乐意帮助你。”符合，故选C。
51．根据“Can I call them ”以及“After all, friends need to chat with each other.”可知，此处应该是给出相应的建议，选项A“有何不可？”符合，故选A。
52．根据“What kind of person should I make friends with ”可知，此处应该是回答和什么样的人交朋友，选项E“我认为任何人都可以成为朋友。”符合，故选E。
53．根据“Wow, that’s amazing. I didn’t know making friends would be easy.”以及“Good luck to you.”可知，此处是感谢对方的帮助，选项B“谢谢。”符合，故选B。
54．development
【详解】句意：这次暴乱对这个国家的发展有很大的冲击。the +名词+of表示“……的……”，故此处用develop的名词，故填development。
55．communication
【详解】句意：我们应该学会与不同领域的不同的人进行交流。communicate“交流”，动词；communication“交流”，名词；have a communication“交流”。故填communication。
56．was explaining
【详解】句意：——我们班每个学生都参加了会议，除了你。为什么？——对不起，老师。王老师当时正在给我讲一道数学题。根据语境，事情发生在过去，学生给老师解释自己没有参加会议的原因是因为在开会的时候，王老师正在给他讲数学题。因此用过去进行时。故填was explaining。
57．finishes
【详解】句意：妈妈直到做完家务才上床睡觉。本句是“until”引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此从句用一般现在时，主语“she”是第三人称单数，因此动词填三单。故填finishes。
58．aren't allowed
【详解】句意：18岁以下的孩子不允许在没有父母陪伴的情况下观看这个表演。根据allow sb. to do sth.可知，children和allow构成被动关系，因此用一般现在时的被动语态；children是复数，因此be动词否定形式用aren’t。故填aren’t；allowed。
59．One possible version:
How to improve your memory
If you want to have a better memory, here is some advice for you to improve your memory.
First, you’d better understand it before you remember something. You can imagine a picture of it in your mind.
Second, it’s important to exercise every day. When you exercise your body, you also exercise your brain.
Third, live a healthy life. You must have a balanced diet and have enough time to rest every day.
If you have these good habits, your memory will be improved. You will do better in your studies and in your life.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：记叙文
②时态：一般现在时
③提示：题目要求根据提示给汤姆提一些提高记忆力的建议，写作时注意分清条理，不要遗漏要点。
[写作步聚]
第一步，开门见山，表明写作目的。
第二步，根据所给要点，依次提出提高记忆力的建议。
第三步，最后表达祝愿。
[亮点词汇]
①improve one’s memory提高某人的记忆力
②live a healthy life过健康的生活
③have a balanced diet拥有平衡的饮食
[高分句型]
①First, you’d better understand it before you remember something.（用had better提出建议）
②Second, it’s important to exercise every day.（用it作形式主语）
③If you have these good habits, your memory will be improved.（用if引导条件状语从句）
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