2013版初中英语全程复习方略课件（语法专项案）十四 并列句和复合句（译林牛津版）

课件40张PPT。十四、并列句和复合句一、并列句
由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫作并列句。常见分类：
1. 表示同等、平行或承接关系，常用连词and，both. . . and，not only. . . but also. . . ，neither. . . nor. . . ，as well as等。
2. 表示转折关系，常用连词but，yet(然而), however(然而), while(而)等。 3. 表示选择关系，常见连词or，not. . . but(不是……而是……), either. . . or. . . (要么……要么……)等。
4. 表示因果关系，常见连词because, as，for(因为), so等。
二、复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫作复合句。从句需由关联词引导。初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。考点一 状语从句
状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用，修饰主句中的谓语、形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句等。状语从句的注意事项
1. 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中的时态2. 时间状语从句中not. . . until. . . （直到……才……）与before/ after引导的从句的转换。
I went to bed after I finished my homework.
=I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.
直到做完作业我才去睡觉。3. 结果状语从句中的特殊句式考点二 宾语从句
一、在主从复合句中作宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。
二、宾语从句的四个考点：【温馨提示】
当主句谓语动词为think，suppose，guess, believe等词，主语为第一人称，从句表达否定意义时，形式上应否定主句。例如：
I don’t think that he is right. 我认为他不对。考点三 定语从句
一、基本构成
1. 定义：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。
2. 句式：含有定语从句的复合句基本结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句。二、关系代词的基本用法 Do you know the girl who/ that has won the first prize in the singing competition?
你认识歌咏比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩吗？
Many laugh-making stars whose master is Zhao Benshan have become famous these years.
近年来很多师承赵本山的笑星成名了。【温馨提示】
1. 以下情况只用that：2. 以下情况只用who/ whom: 3. 以下情况只用which：三、关系副词的基本用法【巧学妙记】定语从句的用法
主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。
从句紧跟先行词，关系词引导要弄清。
定人要用who或whom，定物which当先用。
关系代词用that，定人定物有本领。
when用来定时间，where用来定地点。
关系代词作成分，唯作宾语可省略。单项选择
1. (2012·达州中考)—Do you enjoy My heart will go on?
—No, I prefer songs _______ loud.
A. that is B. which is
C. that are D. what are
【解析】选C。由先行词songs指物且在定语从句中作主语可知关系代词为that/which，再由先行词为复数形式可知定语从句的谓语为are。2. （2012·六盘水中考）—Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday?
—I think we will if we _______ any classes.
A. won’t have B. didn’t have
C. don’t have D. aren’t having
【解析】选C。在if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。3. (2012·恩施中考)—I don’t know when _______ tomorrow?
—I will call you as soon as he _______.
A. will he come; arrives
B. he will come; arrives
C. he will come; will arrive
【解析】选B。when引导的宾语从句用陈述语序；as soon as 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，故选B。4. （2012·达州中考）—That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing. Do you know _______?
—For 5 years.
A. how soon he will come back
B. how long he has stayed there
C. how long has he stayed there
D. how often does he go there
【解析】 选B。由宾语从句的语序为陈述语序可排除C、D；再由答语是for引导的时间状语可知宾语从句是how long引导的，故选B。5. （2011·广东中考）The first thing _______ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.
A. which B. that C. why D. who
【解析】选B。在定语从句中若先行词是物且被序数词修饰时关系代词用that，故选B。6. (2011·济南中考)—Julie, do you know _______ yesterday afternoon?
—By bus. I guess.
A. when Mr. Green will get to Quancheng Square
B. when will Mr. Green get to Quancheng Square
C. how Mr. Green got to Quancheng Square
D. how did Mr. Green get to Quancheng Square
【解析】选C。考查宾语从句的用法。根据回答中的By bus我们可以判断是对交通方式的提问。A和B选项中when不符合句意；又宾语从句须用陈述语序，而D选项为疑问语序。故选C。7. （2011·兰州中考）Jane is one of the students in the class _______ have ever been to China.
A. who B. whose C. which D. whom
【解析】选A。由先行词是students，且在定语从句中作主语，因此用关系词who。故选A。8. （2011·山西中考）—Mr. Li, I found a watch on the playground.
—You should try to find out _______.
A. whose is the watch
B. who is the owner of the watch
C. whom does the watch belong to
【解析】选B。 宾语从句应该用陈述语序，故选B。9. （2011·宁波中考）—What a new computer! Can you tell me _______?
— Just the day before yesterday.
A. how much you paid for it
B. how much did you pay for it
C. when you bought it
D. when did you buy it
【解析】选C。从句应用陈述语序，故排除B项和D项；由答语“前天”知问的是时间：“你能告诉我什么时候买的吗? ”，故选C。10. （2011·广东中考）—Let’s go fishing if it ______ this weekend.
—But nobody knows if it _______.
A. is fine; will rain B. will be fine; rains
C. will be fine; will rain D. is fine; rains
【解析】选A。第一个if作“如果”讲，引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表将来。第二个if作“是否”讲引导宾语从句，可以用将来时。故选A。11. （2011·呼和浩特中考）—Is there anyone here _______ name is Betty?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
【解析】选D。 在定语从句中先行词anyone是人且与name之间存在所属关系，故用whose。12. （2011·临沂中考）The policeman asked the small girl _______.
A. why she was crying B. why was she crying
C. why she is crying D. why is she crying
【解析】选A。宾语从句用陈述语序，再由主句是一般过去时可确定从句时态为过去时，故答案为A项。13. （2011·襄阳中考）—Do you know the man _______ is reading the book over there?
—Yes, he’s Mr. Green, our PE teacher.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
【解析】选D。先行词the man 是人，且在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。14. （2011·温州中考)—Jack, could you tell me _______?
—Sure. In the post office on Green Road.
A. where you bought the stamps
B. where did you buy the stamps
C. when you bought the stamps
D. when did you buy the stamps
【解析】选A。由答语In the post office on Green Road可知问句中的宾语从句的引导词应当是对地点进行提问的，由宾语从句要用陈述语序可知选A。15. （2011·泰安中考）—Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes. But if it _______, we’ll play chess instead.
A. will rain B. rained C. is raining D. rains
【解析】选D。在if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。