课件24张PPT。十六、句子成分 句子是由不同种类的单词按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能表达一个完整意思的语言单位所构成。组成句子的各个成分即是句子成分。句子成分主要有八种,分别是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、(宾语和主语)补足语、定语、状语及同位语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,其他成分,如表语和宾语等是句子的次要成分。 一、主语
用来说明句子所说的是“什么人”或是“什么事物”,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。 二、谓语
说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”,谓语用动词。谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须一致。 三、表语
表语表示主语的性质、特征、身份等。表语要放在系动词之后与系动词一起作复合谓语。 四、宾语
宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者 五、定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词 六、状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,通常表示行为发生的地点、时间、方式、程度等。 七、宾语补足语
宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的情况单项选择
1. (2012·六盘水中考)Tell the children _______ unhealthy food. It’s bad for their health.
A. not to eat B. not eating
C. to eat D. eating
【解析】选A。tell sb. not to do sth. “告诉某人不要做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选A。2. (2012·安顺中考)When I went into the room, I found _______ in bed.
A. him lying B. he lying
C. he lies D. him was lying
【解析】选A。find sb. doing sth. “发现某人正在做某事”,现在分词作宾语补足语。3. (2011·凉山中考)I have _______ to tell you. Maybe you will be _______ in it.
A. interesting something; interested
B. something interesting; interesting
C. something interesting; interested
【解析】选C。形容词修饰不定代词时,应该放在其后面。be interested in是固定搭配,意思是“对……感兴趣”。故选C。4. (2011·贵港中考)—What do you think of the two backpacks?
— _______ of them are very nice.
A. Either B. Both C. Each D. All
【解析】选B。either “(两者中)任意一个”;both“(两者)都”;each “(三者或者三者以上中)任意一个”;all “(三者或者三者以上)都”,根据答句中be动词are,故作主语的是复数,问句指的是the two backpacks。故选B。5. (2011·杭州中考)Nick, would you mind _______ those old jeans? They look terrible.
A. not to wear B. not wear
C. wearing not D. not wearing
【解析】选D。考查mind的用法。mind后面跟动词-ing,否定形式为mind not doing。故选D。6. (2011·丽水中考)Kate and I are going to the concert this weekend. Dad will take _______ there.
A. it B. you C. us D. them
【解析】选C。前面提到“凯特和我”,所以后面“爸爸”应该是带着“我们”去那里,故选C。7. (2011·岳阳中考) _______ of the land is covered with trees and grass in Pingjiang, Yueyang.
A. Three fives
B. Three fifths
C. Three fifth
【解析】选B。 分子用基数词表示;分母用序数词表示,当分子大于1时,分母加-s,故选B。