(共14张PPT)
简单句
简单句一般可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 陈述句
句子结构 例句
主语＋谓语(不及物动词) I arrived at six last night. 我昨晚6点到的。
主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 I bought a good English-Chinese dictionary yesterday. 我昨天买了一本好的英汉词典。
句子结构 例句
主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 Please tell me a story. 请给我讲一个故事。
主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 I found it impossible to do it. 我发现做这件事是不可能的。
主语＋系动词＋表语 Tom is very tall. 汤姆很高。
There be...句型 There is a map on the wall. 墙上有一幅地图。
(续表)
【注意】
and连接两个并列主语时一般应视为复数， 但如一人身兼两职时则谓语动词要用单数形式。 A singer and dancer is coming to our party. 一个歌手兼舞蹈家要来我们的聚会。
A singer and a dancer are coming to our party. 一位歌手和一位舞蹈家要来我们的聚会。
有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数。 The news is good.(news 为不可数名词)这篇新闻很好。
(续表)
有量词时应按量词的数量来确定相应的谓语动词形式。 This pair of glasses is good. My glasses are broken. 这副眼镜是好的。我的眼镜坏了。
有些名词形式上是单数，意义上是复数的名词。 People are coming here.人们来了。
不定代词each， neither， one，nobody， nothing，anyone等作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Someone is waiting for you. 有个人在等你。
2. 疑问句
疑问句分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。
(1)一般疑问句需要用Yes或No回答， 结构如下:
be 动词提前 Is she a painter
助动词提前 Do you like swimming
情态动词提前 May I speak English
(2)特殊疑问句是由特殊疑问词引导的疑问句。由“特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句构成”， 不可用Yes或者No回答。特殊疑问词包括以下几个:
where: 哪里
what: 什么
when: 问时间 (回答用At/ On...等)
which: 哪个(单数)；哪些(复数)
who: 谁 (回答用He is...She is...They are...等)
whom: 谁(宾格)
whose: 谁的 (回答用It is...These/Those are...等)
why: 为什么 (回答用Because)
how: 怎么样(回答用形容词或方式)
3. 祈使句
句式 句子结构 例句
肯定祈使句 Please＋do sth.! Please help me!
否定祈使句 Don’t＋do sth. No＋doing! Don’t park here!
No parking!
4. 感叹句
感叹句通常由what 和how 引导。
句子结构 例句
How＋adj./adv. (＋主语＋谓语)! How＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数(＋主语＋谓语)! How tall Yao Ming is!
How beautiful a girl she is!
What＋adj.＋可数名词复数/不可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)! What＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数! What beautiful flowers they are!
What a clever boy!
What fresh air (it is)!
( B )1.(2021·湖北鄂州)— the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) founded in 1921
—Yes， and it’s her 100th birthday this year.
A.Is B.Was
C.Has D.Have
( A )2.(2022·四川广元)— silent，please!You are in the library.
—I’m sorry，madam.
A.Keep B.To keep
C.Keeping D.Kept
B
A
( D )3.(2022·甘肃武威、天水)— do you exercise
—Every day.
A.How long B.Why
C.What time D.How often
( C )4.(2022 ·黑龙江龙东)—It has been rainy for a week.
— terrible weather it is!
A.How B.What a
C.What
D
C
( C )5.(2022·黑龙江龙东)—Mum，let’s order some food online for dinner，
—Good idea.I’d like some beef dumplings.
A.will you B.won’t you
C.shall we
( C )6.(2022·贵州铜仁)—Maria，we will graduate in a week.
— !We should keep in touch.
A.How time fly B.What time fly
C.How time flies D.What time flies
C
C
( C )7.(2022·江苏泰州)— is China Tiangong space station from us
—About 400 kilometers above the earth.
A.How much B.How often
C.How far D.How long
( B )8.(2022·江苏扬州)—Tell me，Grandma. is your favorite person in the whole wide world
—That’s easy!It’s you!
A.What B.Who
C.How D.Whom
C
B
( C )9.(2022·四川达州)—Gu Ailing her dream and won two gold medals in Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
— excellent girl!
A.achieved；How
B.came true；How
C.achieved；What an
D.came true；What an
C
( B )10.(2022·福建)— have you been a member of the Helpers’ Club
—For two years.
A.How soon B.How long
C.How often
B(共18张PPT)
复合句
初中阶段复合句主要有三大类: 宾语从句、 定语从句和状语从句。其中，状语从句和宾语从句是安徽中考考查的重点。
一、宾语从句:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
引导词:
引导词 用法 例句
that 没有词汇意义引导宾语从句时， that可以省略。 The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later on.收音机说云过一会儿就会散去。
引导词 用法 例句
疑问词which， what， who， how， where， why 宾语从句是陈述句语序。 I want to know how soon it will begin.我想知道多久以后开始。
whether 或 if，表示“是否” 主要用来引导一般疑问句或选择疑问句的宾语从句，从句都是陈述句语序。 I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否告诉了李雷这个消息。
时态:
用法 例句
主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态或一般将来时态时， 从句可用所需要的任何时态。 You are telling me that you won’t stop until tomorrow.你告诉我直到明天你才停止。
(续表)
用法 例句
当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用与过去有关的时态。 They asked what Jean was doing then. 他们问吉恩那时在做什么。
Linda said that the train had left.琳达说火车已经开走了。
当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时， 从句要用一般现在时。 Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. 丽萨问光是否比声音快。
【注意】
一般情况下， whether 和if 可以互换使用， 但有些情况例外。
用法 例句
当从句作介词的宾语时， 只用whether。 We are talking about whether we’ll go on the picnic. 我们正在讨论是否继续野餐。
与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether。 Please let me know whether to see my doctor today. 请让我知道今天是否去看医生。
if当“如果”讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether。 You can’t work out the plan if you don’t attend the meeting. 如果你不参加会议， 你就无法制定出计划。
二、定语从句:在复合句中， 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
关系代词 在句中成分 先行词 例句
that，who 作主语，表语或宾语。 人 The man who/that is mending the machine retired.正在修理机器的那个男人退休了。
that，which 作主语、表语或宾语。 物 China is a country which / that has a large population.中国是一个人口众多的国家。
【注意】
以下情况关系代词只用that 而不用which 或 who。
(1)先行词是指物的不定代词， 如all， little， few， much， none， anything， nothing， everything等。如:
I didn’t understand all that he said. 我不懂他说的一切。
(2)先行词由最高级、序数词以及any， very， only， all， no， just 等所修饰。如:
This is the most beautiful place that I have been to. 这是我去过最美的地方。
(3)先行词既包括人， 也包括物。如:
They always like to talk about the Persons and the things that they see on the road. 他们总是喜欢谈论他们在路上看见的人和事。
(4)当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句。如:
Who is the man that opened up the lab 打开实验室的人是谁
三、状语从句:在复合句中作状语， 修饰动词、 形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可以表示时间、 条件、 原因、 地点、 目的、 结果、 让步、 方式、 比较等意义。
连词 例句
时间 when， while， as， as soon as， since， until， after， before等。 Whenever he comes， he brings a friend. 无论他什么时候来，都会带一个朋友。
条件if， unless， as long as等。 As long as I am alive， I will go on studying.只要我活着， 我就会继续学习。
原因as， because， since等。 Since we live near the sea， we enjoy nice weather. 因为住在海边，我们能享受到好天气。
连词 例句
地点where等。 Put it where we can see it. 把它放在我们能看见的地方。
目的so that， in order that等。 Finish this so that you can start another. 结束这个， 这样你就可以开始另一个。
结果so...that， such... that等。 He was so angry that he couldn’t say a word. 他太生气了以至于说不出一句话。
连词 例句
让步though， although， even if， even though， however等。 Though he is in poor health， he works hard. 尽管他身体不好， 但他工作很努力。
方式as， like(口语中)等。 Students do as the teachers say. 学生按照老师说的做。
比较than， (not)as...as等。 The work isn’t as easy as I thought. 这个工作不像我想的那么容易。
提示:主句如果是将来时、祈使句或带有can，may，must等情态动词的句子，条件状语从句、时间状语从句或让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如:
Open the door as soon as she comes this afternoon. 今天下午她一来，就开门。
( D )1.(2021·天津)—Could you tell me “the Father of Rice”
—Because he helped many countries grow more rice.
A.when was Yuan Longping called
B.why is Yuan Longping called
C.when Yuan Longping was called
D.why Yuan Longping is called
( A )2.(2021·福建)Nowadays you are supposed to have your temperature taken you enter the school.
A.before B.after C.until
D
A
( C )3.(2020·江苏镇江)—There will be a film about the traditional Chinese musical instruments.
—That sounds cool. Could you please tell me
A.that you will see it
B.how much is the ticket
C.when it will be shown
D.where it was shown
C
( C )4.(2020·湖北宜昌)—What do you feel you are looking through the old pictures
—How time flies!
A.because B.though
C.while D.unless
( C )5.(2020·江苏镇江)My parents gave red packets to my cousin every Spring Festival she got a job， because she said she was able to make money.
A.after B.when
C.until D.since
C
C
( A )6.(2022·湖北十堰) Students love the teachers are outgoing and humorous.
A.who B.whom
C.which D.whose
( C )7.(2022·贵州铜仁)—Your son’s dream will come true as long as .
—I hope so.
A.he will study hard
B.she will study hard
C.he studies hard
D.she studies hard
A
C
( B )8.(2022·黑龙江绥化)—The big stone is heavy I can’t carry it alone.
—Don’t worry.I will help you.
A.such；that B.so；that
C.too；to
( A )9.This is the best book I have ever read.
A.that B.whose
C.which D.who
B
A
( B )10.The first thing my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.
A.which B.that
C.why D. who
B(共38张PPT)
交际用语
1. 感谢与道歉的应答
(1)两种情况均可使用的应答语:
①Not at all. 不用谢。/没关系。
②That’s all right. 不用谢。/没关系。
③That’s OK. 不用谢。/没关系。
④It’s nothing. 没什么。/没关系。
⑤Don’t mention it. 不要客气。
⑥Forget it. 没关系。
⑦No problem. 没问题。
(2)只能用作thank you 的答语:
①It’s a pleasure. 不用谢。
②You are welcome. 别客气。
③My pleasure. 不客气。
(3)只能用作sorry的答语:
①It doesn’t matter. 没关系。
②Never mind. 没关系。
2. No idea， No way， No problem与No deal的区别
No idea. 不知道。
No way. 不可以；绝不。
No problem. 没问题。
No deal. 不成交。
3.With pleasure， That’s /It’s a pleasure与My pleasure的区别
With pleasure. 愿意效劳。
That’s /It’s a pleasure.不用客气。
My pleasure不客气，不用谢。
4.All right， That’s right与That’s all right的区别
All right.好的； 好吧。
That’s right.意为“对的， 没错”。当认为对方说的观点或者见解是正确的， 可用That’s right.表示赞同。
That’s all right.是一种礼貌用语，当别人对你表示感谢时， 可以用That’s all right.来回答表示“不用谢/不客气”。当别人向你道歉时， 也可用于礼貌回答， 表示“没关系”。
5.How are you How are you doing How is it 与How is it going 的区别
How are you 你好吗 说话的人相互认识。答:I’m fine， thank you.
How are you doing 你最近怎样 说话的人不仅认识， 还比较熟。回答的时候可以具体一点， 如: Not too bad， I just moved to a new place.
How is it 口语常用，意思是事情都顺利吗
How is it going 情况进展得怎么样 最近情况好吗 肯定回答可以说Pretty good!或者Everything goes well!否定回答可以说Not so well.对情况不了解的话， 可以说Well， I don’t know.
初中阶段要掌握的30个日常交际项目是:
1.问候(Greetings)
a.Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Hello/Hi.
How are you
b.Fine， thank you.And you
Very well，thank you.
2. 介绍(Introduction)
a.This is Mr./ Mrs./ Miss / Comrade...
b.How do you do
Nice/Glad to see/meet you.
c.My name is...
I’m a student/worker etc.
3. 告别(Farewells)
a.I think it’s time for me to leave now.
b.Goodbye! (Bye-bye! Bye!)
See you later/tomorrow. (See you.)
Good night.
4. 打电话(Making telephone calls)
a.Hello! May I speak to...
Is that... (speaking)
b.Hold on， please.
He/She isn’t here right now.
Can I take a message for you
c.I called to tell/ask you...
d.Goodbye.
5. 感谢和应答(Thanks and responses)
a. Thank you (very much).
Thanks a lot.
Many thanks.
Thanks for...
b.Not at all.
That’s all right.
You’re welcome.
6. 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)
a.Good luck!
Best wishes to you.
Have a nice/good time.
Congratulations!
b.Happy New Year!
Merry Christmas!
Happy birthday to you.
c.Thank you.
The same to you.
7. 意愿和打算(Intention and plan)
I’m going to...
I will...
I’d like to...
I want/hope to...
8. 道歉(Apologies)
a.I’m sorry. (Sorry.)
I’m sorry for/about...
Excuse me.
b.That’s all right.
It doesn’t matter.
That’s nothing.
9. 遗憾和同情(Regrets and sympathy)
What a pity!
I’m sorry to hear...
10. 邀请和应答(Invitation)
a.Will you come to...
Would you like to...
b.Yes， I’d love to...
Yes， it’s very kind/nice of you.
c.I’d love to， but...
11. 提供(帮助等)和应答(Offers and responses)
a.Can I help you
What can I do for you
Here， take this/my...
Let me...for you.
Would you like some...
b.Thanks.That would be nice/fine.
Thank you for your help.
Yes， please.
c.No， thanks/thank you.
That’s very kind of you， but...
12. 请求允许和应答(Asking for permissions and responses)
a.May I...
Can/Could I...
b.Yes/Certainly.
Yes， do please.
Of course (you may).
That’s OK/all right.
c.I’m sorry， but...
You’d better not.
13. 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)
a.Certainly/Sure/Of course.
Yes， please.
Yes， I think so.
b.That’s true/OK.
That’s a good idea.
I agree (with you).
c.No， I don’t think so.
I’m afraid not.
I really can’t agree with you.
14. 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)
a.I’m sure.
I’m sure (that)...
b.I’m not sure.
I’m not sure whether/if...
c.Maybe/Perhaps.
15. 喜好和厌恶(Likes and dislikes)
a. I like/love... (very much).
b.I don’t like (to)...
I hate (to)...
16. 谈论天气(Talking about the weather)
a.What’s the weather like today
How’s the weather in...
b.It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy，etc.
It’s rather warm/cold/hot/etc.today， isn’t it
17. 购物(Shopping)
a.What can I do for you
May/Can I help you
b.I want/I’d like...
How much is it
That’s too much/expensive， I’m afraid.
That’s fine.I’ll take it.
Let me have...kilo/box， etc.
c.How many/much do you want
What color/size/kind do you want
d.Do you have any other kind/size/colour， etc.
18. 问路和应答(Asking the way and responses)
a.Excuse me.Where’s the men’s/ladies’ room
Excuse me， can you tell me the way to...
How can I get to... I don’t know the way.
b.Go down this street.
Turn right/left at the first/second crossing.
It’s about...meters from here.
19. 询问时间或日期和应答(Asking the time or date and responses)
a.What day is it today
What’s the date today
What time is it
What’s the time， please
b.It’s Monday/Tuesday， etc.
It’s January 10th.
It’s five o’clock/half past five/a quarter to five/five thirty， etc.
It’s time for...
20. 请求(Requests)
a.Can/Could you...for me
Will/would you please...
May I have...
b.Please give/pass me...
Please wait (here/a moment).
Please wait for your turn.
Please stand in line/line up.
Please hurry.
c.Don’t rush/crowd.
No noise， please.
No smoking， please.
21. 劝告和建议(Advice and suggestions)
a.You’d better...
You should...
You need (to)...
b.Shall we...
Let’s...
What/How about...
22. 禁止和警告(Prohibition and warnings)
a.You can’t/mustn’t...
If you...， you’ll...
b.Take care!
Be careful!
Look out!
23. 表达情感(Expressing certain emotions)
a. 喜悦(Pleasure)
I’m glad/pleased/happy to...
That’s nice.
That’s wonderful/great.
b. 焦虑(Anxiety)
What’s wrong
What’s the matter (with you)
I’m/He’s/She’s worried.
Oh， what shall I/we do
c. 惊奇(Surprise)
Really
Oh dear
Is that so
24. 就餐(Taking meals)
a.What would you like to have
Would you like something to eat/drink
b.I’d like...
Would you like some more...
Help yourself to some...
c.Thank you.I’ve had enough/Just a little， please.
25. 约会(Making appointments)
a.Are you free this afternoon/evening
How about tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening
Shall we meet at 4∶30 at...
b.Yes， that’s right.
Yes， I’ll be free then.
c.No， I won’t be free then.But I’ll be free...
d.All right.See you then.
26. 传递信息(Passing on a message)
a.Will you please give this note/message to...
b.He asked me to give you this note.
c.Thanks for the message.
27. 看病(Seeing the doctor)
a.There’s something wrong with...
I’ve got a cough.
I feel terrible(bad).
I don’t feel well.
I’ve got a pain here.
This place hurts.
b.Take this medicine three times a day.
Drink plenty of water and have a good rest.
It’s nothing serious.
You’ll be right/well soon.
28. 求救(Calling for help)
a.Help!
b.What’s the matter
29. 语言困难(Language difficulties)
Pardon.
Please say that again/more slowly.
What do you mean by...
I’m sorry I can’t follow you.
I’m sorry I know only a little English.
30. 标志和说明(Signs and instructions)
BUSINESS HOURS FRAGILE
OFFICE HOURS THIS SIDE UP
OPEN MENU
CLOSED NO SMOKING
PULL NO PARKING
PUSH NO PHOTOS
ON DANGER!
OFF PLAY
ENTRANCE STOP
EXIT PAUSE
INSTRUCTIONS
做这类题目的思路和方法归纳起来有以下九点:
1. 要根据不同的情景，使用不同的表达法。
2. 要正确判断出对话的情景。
3. 问话或答语不能离题。
4. 用筛选法选择正确选项。
5. 从语意进行判断。
6. 根据习惯用法进行选择。
7. 答语要符合西方人的文化、风俗和习惯。
8. 要使用文明礼貌的语言。
9. 要遵照口语交际特点，不要死套语法规则。
( B )1.(2021·湖北武汉)—Well done! You didn’t make a single mistake.
— .
A.Good luck B.Thanks
C.Never mind D.My pleasure
B
( D )2.(2021·广西贺州) —I had a pleasant trip last week.
—
A.Good idea.
B.Congratulations!
C.Thank you.
D.I’m glad to hear that.
D
( A )3.(2021·广西河池)—How is your Chinese going
— .I can read pretty well and my writing has improved.
A.Not bad B.Not yet
C.No way D.Not at all
A
( A )4.(2021·辽宁营口)—The final exam is coming.All of us are working so hard.
— .Just believe in yourself.
A.Take it easy
B.Congratulations
C.Don’t mention it
D.You are welcome
A
( A )5.(2021·四川遂宁)—Would you mind lending me your ruler
— .Here you are.
A.Of course not
B.I don’t agree
C.That’s all right
D.Yes， I’d love to
A
( A )6.(2022·新疆)—Don’t forget to keep a safe social distance (距离)in public places，Tony!
— .
A.Sorry，I won’t B.Never mind
C.Not at all D.I hope not
A
( C )7.(2022·安徽)—Cooking helps us show love for family members.
— .Every time I make dishes for Mum，she is very happy.
A.I can’t believe it
B.Take it easy
C.I couldn’t agree more
D.That depends
C
( C )8.(2022·湖北江汉油田、潜江、天门、仙桃)—Would you mind my sitting here
—Of course not. .
A.Don’t be silly B.I’ve no idea
C.Go ahead D.It’s hard to say
C
( B )9.(2022·浙江温州)—Dad，we’ll play against a strong team in tomorrow’s football match.
— !Just try your best!
A.Good idea B.Come on
C.Thank you D.Wait a minute
B
( C )10.(2022·湖北十堰)—I am going to take an exam tomorrow.
—
A.Wonderful! B.Help yourself.
C.Good luck! D.Hurry up.
C
