人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world Discovering Useful Structures重点归纳习学案（含答案）
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2019人教版必修一unit5 Discovering Useful Structures
定语从句学案（另附50道定语从句单句语法填空题）
（注：定语从句PPT课件请参见我们制作的必修一第四单元
Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句）
定语从句的定义
定语：用来修饰名词代词的形容词等。主要是形容词。
从句：从句是相对于主句而言的。从句一定有连接词引导。
I was late for class, because my clock didn’t go off.
定语从句：用来修饰一个名词或者代词的句子叫做定语从句。也叫形容词性从句。
PS:定语从句可以翻译出一个“的”字。
定语从句的结构
主句：含有被修饰的名词+从句：引导词+修饰名词的句子
This is a book that I bought online.
主句中被修饰的名词叫做先行词，连接主句和从句的连词叫做关系词。
定语从句的功能
定语从句用来修饰限定一个名词或者代词。主要是限定所指人或事物的范围。强调哪个（种）人，哪个（种）物。
I have a book.我有一本书（泛指）
I have a book （ that I bought online ）.我有一本网上买的书。（指明这本书是网上买的，而不是其他地方来的。言外之意他还有一些其他地方来的书。）
定语从句的分类和区别
He has a sister who is a doctor. 他有一个当医生的姐姐。（不止一个姐姐）
He has a sister, who is a doctor.他有一个姐姐是一名医生。（只有一个姐姐）
关系词的分类
根据关系词在从句中是否充当基本成分可将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的使用规则
先行词为物，只能使用that不能使用which的情况
当先行词为不定代词：all, both, neither, none, either, any, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, many, few, a few, little, a little.
当先行词被all, both, some, no, every, any, each, much等修饰时;
当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰；
当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same修饰；
当先行词即有人又有物时。
下列分别属于哪一条规则：
I have taken down everything that the teacher said.
I have taken down all that is important.
All the books that you bought are interesting.
This is the best book that I have read.
Shopping is the only thing that I want to do.
We often talk about the people and things that we remember.
先行词为物，只能用which不能用that的情况
只能用which的情况：介词后面，逗号后面。
介词后面，指物的关系代词只能用which；
The house in which we live is far from school.
The painting for which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a businessman.
逗号后面，指物的关系代词只能用which。
I live in Kunming, which is the capital of Yunnan province.
The big red dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.
上下文出现that，避免重复使用which。
练一练
1. Do you have anything you want to say for yourself
2. The sports meeting was put off, astonished me.
3. All the presents your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.
4. This is the best film I've ever seen.
5. This is the very bus I'm waiting for.
6. It looks like the same book you bought in the bookstore.
7. He is always the first man comes to classroom.
8. The building in _______ she lived was demolished.
9. We depend on the land from________ we can get our food.
10. We depend on the land _______ we can get our food from.
11. She won the first prize, _______ was more than we expected.
12. The film ________ we saw last night was very interesting.
13. The film,________ was showed last night , was very moving.
14. His father passed away yesterday, ________ came as a sudden shock.
只能使用who不能使用that的情况
当先行词为人称代词：he, she, they, one(s), anyone, nobody等.
He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
当先行词为指示代词时: those, these;
Those who are easily content are always happy.
God help those who help themselves.
当先行词为people或是表示人的集体名词时；
People who work hard are always fortunate.
非限制性定语从句中
He has a sister, who is a teacher.
练一练
1. Do you know anyone can solve this problem
2. I admire those are honest, brave, diligent.
3. They are audience are invited to watch this play.
4. He is the best man I've ever known.
5. He is always the last one leaves the dormitory.
6. She is always the last one goes back to the dormitory.
关系代词的省略问题
非限制性定语从句中一定要有关系代词，不可省略。关系代词做主语两种从句均不能省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词都可以省略，非限制性定语从句中不能省。
I like the book, which you give me. （非限制定从作宾语，不能省which）
I like the book (that/which) you give me. （限制定从作宾语，可省that/which）
非限制性定语从句中，代人作主语只能用who, 作宾语用who(m)均可，但是whom更为正式，很少用于口语。代物只能用which作主语或宾语，不能用that，指的是某样东西，或者前面提到的一整件事。
I like teachers, who are humorous. （代人做主语，不能用that）
I like teachers, who(m) I can ask for help. （代人作宾语，who，whom均可）
I like this book, which you give me. （代物作宾语，指的是书）
He made mistakes again, which made the head teacher angry. (代物做主语，指一整件事)
如果先行词和从句的主语有所属关系要用whose，可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定语从句中。whose也可以放在介词后面：in whose car; from whose book。
I like the room whose window faces east. (房间的窗子)
I went to help him, whose money got lost. (他的钱)
I visited my uncle, in whose house I spent the summer vacation.
非限制性定语从句中，如果从句主语和先行词存在整体与部分关系时，我们要用（all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, some, 基数词，序数词，最高级）+of which/whom。
They are my students, three of whom are from Beijing.
I have ten books, all of which are interesting.
介词后面的关系词只有which(代物)和whom(代人)，不能用that或者who。
He is my friend with whom I share my happiness.
This is a reference book without which I couldn’t pass the exam.
练一练
1. I don’t think that he will come to see me, makes me sad.
2. This is the scientist achievements are well known.
3. He is a famous star, in garden lies a swimming pool.
4. He lived in a big house, in front of stood a big tall tree.
5. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person, to she could turn for help.
什么时候用关系副词？
当先行词在从句中不作基本成分(主、宾、表)，而且先行词表示时间地点和原因，在从句中作状语。翻译分别为：when(在那个时候)、where(在那个地方)、why(因为这样)。why的先行词一定是reason。
Circle the two clubs where these two conversations happened. (P12)
I went to my uncle’s house, where I spent my vacation.
No one in modern times knew about the tomb until 1974, when some farmers discovered the tomb. (P30)
There was a time when the two brothers walked to school.
My clock didn’t go off. This is the reason why I was late for class.
注意：当有的先行词表示一种抽象的地点且在从句中做地点状语，不作基本成分时，要用where。该类词有：point, case, activity, system, situation, position, stage, occasion, job, race, letter, platform, email, environment, atmosphere 等。
I joined a lot of activities where I learnt a lot.
He gave up his first job where he suffered a lot.
练一练
1. I still remember the day I first came to Beijing.
2. I still remember the days we spent together.
3. Can you tell me the office he works
4. They have reached the point they have to separate.
5. Do you know the reason he is absent
6. He's ill badly. This is he is absent.
7. He is late for school again. This is his alarm clock didn‘t go off.
as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：the same…as; as…as; such…as; so…as。
I have the same pen as you have.
I live as busy a life as you do.
I live such a busy life as you do.
as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾。译为“正如”。
as is known to all众所周知 as is often the case 这是常有的事
as might / could be expected正如人们所预料的as has been said before正如前面所说的
as has been mentioned above正如上面所提到的as has been pointed out正如所指出的
as can be imagined正如所设想的那样
as can be seen (from these figures) 正如所看到的那样
as often happens正像经常发生的那样as will be shown正如…所示
As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
练一练
1. We have found such materials used in their factory.
2. This book is not such I expected.
3. I have the same book he has.
4. It looks like the same book he gave me.
5. I hope you will live as full and positive a life I do.
6. you see, the Chinese people are hardworking.
7. Jack has on first price, is often the case.
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
位置不同 as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，而 which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
意义不同 意义不同 （as “正如，就像” 表示符合人们的认识和事物的习惯性等意义，即从句与主句语义一致。当从句与主句语义不一致时或从句与主句之间是因果关系时用which）。
结构不同 结构不同 ( as 常用于一些固定结构中，类似插入语，而which 常用于which +谓语+宾语/宾补结构。
定语从句语法填空专项练习附参考答案
I.请用定语从句的关系代词who、whom 、whose 、which 、that、 as 和关系副词when、where、why填空。
This is the person ___________ we were talking to yesterday.
This is the person to ___________ we were talking yesterday.
There are lots of people in the room, two thirds of ____________ are students.
He passed the math exam, ___________ came as a surprise to us.
Who is the guy _________ is standing over there
He approached the old lady, __________ remained silent for quite a long time.
The people _________ were trapped under the ruins were finally helped out by the rescue workers.
As the earth began to shake, a few people _________ were awake dived under a table or other heavy piece of furniture.
The book ________ I read just now was written by O. Henry.
The earthquake _________ happened at 2:28 P.M. flattened Wenchuan in a few seconds.
He won the first prize in the contest, __________ made her parents very happy.
For those __________ came to the earthquake—stricken areas, rescue work was a big challenge.
The little girl and the big red dog _________ you saw in the painting were very cute.
He was the only person __________ was invited to the party.
This is one of the best films __________ I have seen in the past few months.
The engineer with _________ my father used to work passed away yesterday.
I had no interest in all __________ he said last night.
There is nothing in the world _________you cannot face or overcome.
The e-mail is from my brother, _________ is working in Shenzhen.
They talked a lot about the people and the things ________ they remembered in the distant village.
I still remember the days _________ we spent together on the coast.
I still remember the days _________ we had to walk a long way to fetch some drinking water.
This is the factory ________ we visited last year.
This is the factory_________ he used to work for ten years.
The old school ________ he studied for three years was demolished last month.
The old school ________ we paid a visit to last year was demolished last month.
The old school, ________we visited last year, was demolished last month.
Please lend me the book _________ you referred to the other day.
Please lend me the book the title of ________ is the Old Man and the Sea.
Please lend me the book __________ title is the Old Man and the Sea.
They arrived at the China Mobile Tower, in front of _________ is a wind mill.
This is the reason _________ he was absent from school yesterday.
This is the reason _________ he explained at the meeting.
The reason ________ she came late was that she was stuck in the traffic.
The reason ________ she gave you yesterday is acceptable.
The third season of a year is autumn, ___________ is my beloved season.
The third season of a year is autumn, ___________ the leaves begin to fall.
Anyway, that evening, __________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at the hotel.
Summer holidays, __________ they plan to spend in Yunnan, are around the corner.
Gone are the days __________ they had to work day and night to earn their living.
_________ we all know, Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.
_________ is often the case, he scored the first place in the high jump.
She is not such a girl ________ she used to be.
I studied in the same school _________ she did in the countryside.
The earth is moving around the Sun, ________ we all know.
I want to have such a smart phone _______ he has.
This is the same pen _________ I bought yesterday, but it is Mary’s.
This is the same pen _________ I bought yesterday and it is mine.
I caught sight of the house _______ roof was blown away by the typhoon last night.
He is an orphan, _________ parents both died in the terrible earthquake.
参考答案：
1. who/whom/that 2. whom 3. whom 4. which 5. that
6. who 7. who/that 8. who/that 9. that/which 10. that/which
11. which 12. who 13. that 14. that/who 15. that
16. whom 17. that 18. that 19. who 20. that
21. which/that 22. when 23. which/that 24. where 25. where
26. which/that 27. which 28. that/which 29. which 30. whose
31. which 32. why 33. that/which 34. why 35. which/that
36. which 37. when 38. which 39. which 40. when
41. As 42. As 43. as 44. as 45. as
46. as 47. as 48. that 49. whose 50. whose
定语从句学案（另附50道定语从句单句语法填空题）
（注：定语从句PPT课件请参见我们制作的必修一第四单元
Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句）
定语从句的定义
定语：用来修饰名词代词的形容词等。主要是形容词。
从句：从句是相对于主句而言的。从句一定有连接词引导。
I was late for class, because my clock didn’t go off.
定语从句：用来修饰一个名词或者代词的句子叫做定语从句。也叫形容词性从句。
PS:定语从句可以翻译出一个“的”字。
定语从句的结构
主句：含有被修饰的名词+从句：引导词+修饰名词的句子
This is a book that I bought online.
主句中被修饰的名词叫做先行词，连接主句和从句的连词叫做关系词。
定语从句的功能
定语从句用来修饰限定一个名词或者代词。主要是限定所指人或事物的范围。强调哪个（种）人，哪个（种）物。
I have a book.我有一本书（泛指）
I have a book （ that I bought online ）.我有一本网上买的书。（指明这本书是网上买的，而不是其他地方来的。言外之意他还有一些其他地方来的书。）
定语从句的分类和区别
He has a sister who is a doctor. 他有一个当医生的姐姐。（不止一个姐姐）
He has a sister, who is a doctor.他有一个姐姐是一名医生。（只有一个姐姐）
关系词的分类
根据关系词在从句中是否充当基本成分可将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的使用规则
先行词为物，只能使用that不能使用which的情况
当先行词为不定代词：all, both, neither, none, either, any, everything, nothing, something, anything, much, many, few, a few, little, a little.
当先行词被all, both, some, no, every, any, each, much等修饰时;
当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰；
当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same修饰；
当先行词即有人又有物时。
下列分别属于哪一条规则：
I have taken down everything that the teacher said.
I have taken down all that is important.
All the books that you bought are interesting.
This is the best book that I have read.
Shopping is the only thing that I want to do.
We often talk about the people and things that we remember.
先行词为物，只能用which不能用that的情况
只能用which的情况：介词后面，逗号后面。
介词后面，指物的关系代词只能用which；
The house in which we live is far from school.
The painting for which he paid $1,000 was once owned by a businessman.
逗号后面，指物的关系代词只能用which。
I live in Kunming, which is the capital of Yunnan province.
The big red dog, which was very old now, became ill and died.
上下文出现that，避免重复使用which。
练一练
1. Do you have anything you want to say for yourself
2. The sports meeting was put off, astonished me.
3. All the presents your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.
4. This is the best film I've ever seen.
5. This is the very bus I'm waiting for.
6. It looks like the same book you bought in the bookstore.
7. He is always the first man comes to classroom.
8. The building in _______ she lived was demolished.
9. We depend on the land from________ we can get our food.
10. We depend on the land _______ we can get our food from.
11. She won the first prize, _______ was more than we expected.
12. The film ________ we saw last night was very interesting.
13. The film,________ was showed last night , was very moving.
14. His father passed away yesterday, ________ came as a sudden shock.
只能使用who不能使用that的情况
当先行词为人称代词：he, she, they, one(s), anyone, nobody等.
He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
当先行词为指示代词时: those, these;
Those who are easily content are always happy.
God help those who help themselves.
当先行词为people或是表示人的集体名词时；
People who work hard are always fortunate.
非限制性定语从句中
He has a sister, who is a teacher.
练一练
1. Do you know anyone can solve this problem
2. I admire those are honest, brave, diligent.
3. They are audience are invited to watch this play.
4. He is the best man I've ever known.
5. He is always the last one leaves the dormitory.
6. She is always the last one goes back to the dormitory.
关系代词的省略问题
非限制性定语从句中一定要有关系代词，不可省略。关系代词做主语两种从句均不能省略。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词都可以省略，非限制性定语从句中不能省。
I like the book, which you give me. （非限制定从作宾语，不能省which）
I like the book (that/which) you give me. （限制定从作宾语，可省that/which）
非限制性定语从句中，代人作主语只能用who, 作宾语用who(m)均可，但是whom更为正式，很少用于口语。代物只能用which作主语或宾语，不能用that，指的是某样东西，或者前面提到的一整件事。
I like teachers, who are humorous. （代人做主语，不能用that）
I like teachers, who(m) I can ask for help. （代人作宾语，who，whom均可）
I like this book, which you give me. （代物作宾语，指的是书）
He made mistakes again, which made the head teacher angry. (代物做主语，指一整件事)
如果先行词和从句的主语有所属关系要用whose，可用在限制性也可用在非限制性定语从句中。whose也可以放在介词后面：in whose car; from whose book。
I like the room whose window faces east. (房间的窗子)
I went to help him, whose money got lost. (他的钱)
I visited my uncle, in whose house I spent the summer vacation.
非限制性定语从句中，如果从句主语和先行词存在整体与部分关系时，我们要用（all, both, each, many, most, neither, none, part, some, 基数词，序数词，最高级）+of which/whom。
They are my students, three of whom are from Beijing.
I have ten books, all of which are interesting.
介词后面的关系词只有which(代物)和whom(代人)，不能用that或者who。
He is my friend with whom I share my happiness.
This is a reference book without which I couldn’t pass the exam.
练一练
1. I don’t think that he will come to see me, makes me sad.
2. This is the scientist achievements are well known.
3. He is a famous star, in garden lies a swimming pool.
4. He lived in a big house, in front of stood a big tall tree.
5. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person, to she could turn for help.
什么时候用关系副词？
当先行词在从句中不作基本成分(主、宾、表)，而且先行词表示时间地点和原因，在从句中作状语。翻译分别为：when(在那个时候)、where(在那个地方)、why(因为这样)。why的先行词一定是reason。
Circle the two clubs where these two conversations happened. (P12)
I went to my uncle’s house, where I spent my vacation.
No one in modern times knew about the tomb until 1974, when some farmers discovered the tomb. (P30)
There was a time when the two brothers walked to school.
My clock didn’t go off. This is the reason why I was late for class.
注意：当有的先行词表示一种抽象的地点且在从句中做地点状语，不作基本成分时，要用where。该类词有：point, case, activity, system, situation, position, stage, occasion, job, race, letter, platform, email, environment, atmosphere 等。
I joined a lot of activities where I learnt a lot.
He gave up his first job where he suffered a lot.
练一练
1. I still remember the day I first came to Beijing.
2. I still remember the days we spent together.
3. Can you tell me the office he works
4. They have reached the point they have to separate.
5. Do you know the reason he is absent
6. He's ill badly. This is he is absent.
7. He is late for school again. This is his alarm clock didn‘t go off.
as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：the same…as; as…as; such…as; so…as。
I have the same pen as you have.
I live as busy a life as you do.
I live such a busy life as you do.
as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾。译为“正如”。
as is known to all众所周知 as is often the case 这是常有的事
as might / could be expected正如人们所预料的as has been said before正如前面所说的
as has been mentioned above正如上面所提到的as has been pointed out正如所指出的
as can be imagined正如所设想的那样
as can be seen (from these figures) 正如所看到的那样
as often happens正像经常发生的那样as will be shown正如…所示
As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
练一练
1. We have found such materials used in their factory.
2. This book is not such I expected.
3. I have the same book he has.
4. It looks like the same book he gave me.
5. I hope you will live as full and positive a life I do.
6. you see, the Chinese people are hardworking.
7. Jack has on first price, is often the case.
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
位置不同 as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以位于主句前面，中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，而 which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
意义不同 意义不同 （as “正如，就像” 表示符合人们的认识和事物的习惯性等意义，即从句与主句语义一致。当从句与主句语义不一致时或从句与主句之间是因果关系时用which）。
结构不同 结构不同 ( as 常用于一些固定结构中，类似插入语，而which 常用于which +谓语+宾语/宾补结构。
定语从句语法填空专项练习附参考答案
I.请用定语从句的关系代词who、whom 、whose 、which 、that、 as 和关系副词when、where、why填空。
This is the person ___________ we were talking to yesterday.
This is the person to ___________ we were talking yesterday.
There are lots of people in the room, two thirds of ____________ are students.
He passed the math exam, ___________ came as a surprise to us.
Who is the guy _________ is standing over there
He approached the old lady, __________ remained silent for quite a long time.
The people _________ were trapped under the ruins were finally helped out by the rescue workers.
As the earth began to shake, a few people _________ were awake dived under a table or other heavy piece of furniture.
The book ________ I read just now was written by O. Henry.
The earthquake _________ happened at 2:28 P.M. flattened Wenchuan in a few seconds.
He won the first prize in the contest, __________ made her parents very happy.
For those __________ came to the earthquake—stricken areas, rescue work was a big challenge.
The little girl and the big red dog _________ you saw in the painting were very cute.
He was the only person __________ was invited to the party.
This is one of the best films __________ I have seen in the past few months.
The engineer with _________ my father used to work passed away yesterday.
I had no interest in all __________ he said last night.
There is nothing in the world _________you cannot face or overcome.
The e-mail is from my brother, _________ is working in Shenzhen.
They talked a lot about the people and the things ________ they remembered in the distant village.
I still remember the days _________ we spent together on the coast.
I still remember the days _________ we had to walk a long way to fetch some drinking water.
This is the factory ________ we visited last year.
This is the factory_________ he used to work for ten years.
The old school ________ he studied for three years was demolished last month.
The old school ________ we paid a visit to last year was demolished last month.
The old school, ________we visited last year, was demolished last month.
Please lend me the book _________ you referred to the other day.
Please lend me the book the title of ________ is the Old Man and the Sea.
Please lend me the book __________ title is the Old Man and the Sea.
They arrived at the China Mobile Tower, in front of _________ is a wind mill.
This is the reason _________ he was absent from school yesterday.
This is the reason _________ he explained at the meeting.
The reason ________ she came late was that she was stuck in the traffic.
The reason ________ she gave you yesterday is acceptable.
The third season of a year is autumn, ___________ is my beloved season.
The third season of a year is autumn, ___________ the leaves begin to fall.
Anyway, that evening, __________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at the hotel.
Summer holidays, __________ they plan to spend in Yunnan, are around the corner.
Gone are the days __________ they had to work day and night to earn their living.
_________ we all know, Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.
_________ is often the case, he scored the first place in the high jump.
She is not such a girl ________ she used to be.
I studied in the same school _________ she did in the countryside.
The earth is moving around the Sun, ________ we all know.
I want to have such a smart phone _______ he has.
This is the same pen _________ I bought yesterday, but it is Mary’s.
This is the same pen _________ I bought yesterday and it is mine.
I caught sight of the house _______ roof was blown away by the typhoon last night.
He is an orphan, _________ parents both died in the terrible earthquake.
参考答案：
1. who/whom/that 2. whom 3. whom 4. which 5. that
6. who 7. who/that 8. who/that 9. that/which 10. that/which
11. which 12. who 13. that 14. that/who 15. that
16. whom 17. that 18. that 19. who 20. that
21. which/that 22. when 23. which/that 24. where 25. where
26. which/that 27. which 28. that/which 29. which 30. whose
31. which 32. why 33. that/which 34. why 35. which/that
36. which 37. when 38. which 39. which 40. when
41. As 42. As 43. as 44. as 45. as
46. as 47. as 48. that 49. whose 50. whose