人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the worldUnit 5 Reading and Thinking重点归纳学案（含答案）
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Unit 5 LANGUAGE AROUND THE WORLD
1.1 Reading and Thinking
1．____________ ['neItIv]adj．出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人 2．____________ [' tItju d；NAmE' tItu d]n．态度；看法 3．____________ ['sIst m]n．体系；制度；系统 4．____________ [dI'spaIt]prep．即使；尽管 5．____________ ['f kt (r)]n．因素；要素 6．____________ ['sImbl]n．符号；象征 7．____________ [kɑ v] vt．& vi．雕刻 8．____________ ['dIn sti；NAmE'daI ]n．王朝；朝代 9．____________ ['meId (r)]adj． 主要的；重要的 n．主修课程 vi．主修 10．____________ [mi nz] n．方式；方法；途径 11．____________ ['kl sIk]adj．传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著 12．____________ [rI'ɡɑ d] n．尊重；关注 vt．把……视为；看待 13．____________ ['k r kt (r)]n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
1．refer vi．提到；参考；查阅→____________ n．参考；参照；涉及 2．base_vt．以……为基础 n．底部；根据→____________adj．以(某事)为基础的 3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→____________adj．不同的；各种各样的→____________ vt．& vi．使多样化；变化 4．global_adj．全球的；全世界的→____________ n．球体；地球仪；地球 5．appreciate vt．欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi．增值→____________ n．欣赏；感激
原产于某地_________________ 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 _________________ 尽管…_________________ 以…为基础；_________________ 追溯到 _________________ 多种多样的；各种各样的_________________ 主修…学科_________________ 用...办法；借助... _________________ 绝不，无论如何都不_________________ 将…认为；把…视为_________________ 欣赏中国的文化和历史_________________ 为争取…而奋斗_________________ 依我看_________________ 春季 / 秋季学期_________________ 乘地铁_________________ 乞求某人干某事_________________ 代沟_________________ 满足客户要求_________________ 难以形容_________________ be related to _________________ a positive /negative /firm attitude _________________ ups and downs _________________ struggle against/with sb./sth. _________________
定语从句（二）—关系副词的用法
【答案】
重点单词
1．native['neItIv] adj．出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
2．attitude[' tItju d；NAmE' tItu d]n．态度；看法
3．system['sIst m]n．体系；制度；系统
4．despite[dI'spaIt]prep．即使；尽管
5．factor['f kt (r)]n．因素；要素
6．symbol['sImbl]n．符号；象征
7．carve[kɑ v] vt．& vi．雕刻
8．dynasty['dIn sti；NAmE'daI ]n．王朝；朝代
9．major['meId (r)]adj． 主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi．主修
10．means[mi nz] n．方式；方法；途径
11．classic['kl sIk]adj．传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著
12．regard[rI'ɡɑ d] n．尊重；关注 vt．把……视为；看待
13．character['k r kt (r)]n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
词性转换
1．refer vi．提到；参考；查阅 vt．查询；叫……求助于→reference n．参考；参照；涉及
2．base_vt．以……为基础 n．底部；根据→ based adj．以(某事)为基础的
3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→various adj．不同的；各种各样的→vary vt．& vi．使多样化；变化
4．global_adj．全球的；全世界的→globe n．球体；地球仪；地球
5．appreciate vt．欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi．增值→appreciation n．欣赏；感激
目标短语
be native to...
refer to
despite the fact that…
be based on/upon
date back to ... （= date from…）
a variety of = varieties of = various
major in
by means of...
by no means
regard … as …
appreciate China’s culture and history
struggle for sth./to do sth.
from my point of view
the spring/fall semester
ride/take the subway
beg sb to do sth
generation gap
meet/satisfy their customers' demands
beyond description
与……有关， 和……有联系
积极/消极/坚定的态度
浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
.与……斗争；与……抗争
. 感激（某人）做某事
【拓展】apply sth. to 把……运用到……
apply to 适应于……
apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……
apply for a visa / passport /job/ scholarship申请签证/护照/工作 /奖学金
【例句】①You can apply theory to practice. 你可以把理论用于实践。
②I'm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.
我写这封信是为了申请学生志愿者的职位。
③I would be very grateful if you could kindly consider my application.
如果你能诚恳地考虑我的申请，我会很感激的。
[练习]单句语法填空
①I'd appreciate it if you can help me fill in the ____________ (apply) form for a new passport.
②I'm writing to apply ____________a part time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation.
【答案】① application ②for
1. native adj．本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人
(教材P60)How many billion people speak the UN’s official languages as their native or second language
有多少亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言？
【拓展】be native to 原产于
one’s native country/land/language某人的祖国/故乡/母语
be a native of… ……的人；原产于……的动物或植物
【例句】①As a matter of fact, French is not my native language. 事实上，法语不是我的母语。
[练习]单句语法填空
①The researcher says the tiger is native ____________ India.
②Is her uncle a native ____________ Shanghai, or just a visitor
【答案】① to ②of
2. date back (to…) 追溯(到……)
(教材P62)It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu…
它可以追溯到几千年前的龙骨的使用……
【拓展】date back to…＝date from…追溯到……
out of date 过时的，陈旧的
date back to ... / date from… 不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态中，但可以用现在分词形式作定语。
【例句】①As far as I know, the old town dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。
②I’d like to buy a new coat, because this one is out of date.
我想买一件新外套，因为这件外套已经过时了。
3. billion / b lj n / n. 十亿
(教材P60) How many billion people speak the UN' s official languages as their native or second language
有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二门语言？
表数量的词的用法
dozen（十二）,score（二十）,hundred（百）,thousand（千）,million（百万）, billion（十亿） 之前有确切的数字时，用单数形式；没有确切的数字时，用复数形式，而且多和of连用。 two dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋 five hundred people五百人 hundreds of people数百计的人 three billion years 30亿年 billions of years数十亿年
4. relate / r le t / vt. 联系；讲述 relation /r le n/ n. 关系；联系；交往
(教材P67) Does each sentence relate to the main idea 每个句子都与主旨有关吗？
【拓展】international relations国际关系
relate A with/ to B把…联系起来
be related to 与……有关， 和……有联系
relate to 与…… 相关；涉及；谈到
【例句】①I can't relate what he does with/ to what he says. 我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。
②This heart attack may be related to his overwork. 这次心脏病发作可能和他工作过劳有关。
5. attitude n．态度；看法；姿态
(教材P60)What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning
说话者对外语学习的态度是什么？
【拓展】attitude to/towards… 对……的态度/看法
have/take a(n)…attitude to/towards…对……持/采取……的态度
a positive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度
【例句】①Try to have a positive attitude to/towards everything and stop complaining.
尽力对每件事情都持积极的态度，停止抱怨。
②We each should develop a positive attitude_to/towards life. 我们每个人都应该培养积极的人生态度。
③Beauty is an attitude. It has nothing to do with age. 美是一种态度，与年龄无关。
6. point of view观点；看法
(教材P64)I could see the world from a different point of view. 我可以从不同的角度看世界。
【例句】① Try to see the matter from her point of view. 尽量从她的角度来考虑这个问题.
②From my point of view , the party was a complete success. 依我看这次聚会非常圆满。
7. ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
【例句】The relationship between China and America has seen ups and downs in the past fifty years.
在过去的50年里，中美两国关系跌宕起伏。
8. refer to 提及；查阅；参考；谈到；提交；指的是 reference n．言及，提及；参考；查阅
(教材P60)Pay attention to the context of words to help you understand what the pronouns refer to. 注意单词的上下文，帮助你理解代词指代什么。
【例句】① You may refer to your notes if you want. 如果需要，可以查阅笔记。
②I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference.
我记下了这家酒店的名字，以后也许用得着。
[练习][一词多义]——写出句中refer to的含义
①Since the boy has been punished，please don’t refer to that matter again. ______________
②If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary. ______________
③When I said some people were stupid I wasn’t referring to you. ______________
④As far as I know，he is referred to as a living Lei Feng. ______________
【答案】① 提及 ②参考；查阅 ③指的是 ④把…称作
“查字典”的常用短语小结：
look up the word in the dictionary
refer to the dictionary
9. based adj．以(某事)为基础的； 以……为重要部分(或特征)的
(教材P62)At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture based language．
最初，书面汉语是一种以象形文字为基础的语言。
【拓展】be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据
base…on… 以……为基础
the economic base 经济基础
【例句】①Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. 毕竟，睡眠是非常基本的需要。
[练习]单句语法填空
①One should always base his opinion ___________ facts.
②The film ___________ (base) on a true story, and it is very popular.
＝____________(base) on a true story, the film is very popular.
③They have to have a ___________(base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology.
【答案】① on ②is based; Based ③ basic
10.variety /v ra t / n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化 vary vt. & vi. 改变；变化
(教材P62)...it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. ... ...那是一个中国人在地理上是分裂时期，导致了多种方言和文字。
【拓展】 a variety of = varieties of = various 多种多样的；各种各样的
for various reasons 由于种种原因
vary from…to… 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
【例句】 ①China has a variety of / varieties of / various plants. 中国有着品种繁多的植物。
② In my free time，I’d like to take exercise，such as swimming, running and various/a variety of ball games．
在业余时间，我喜欢锻炼，例如：游泳，跑步，以及各种各样的球类运动。
[练习]单句语法填空
①All languages change over time and vary __________ place to place because of the local accent．
所有的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化，并且由于地方口音的不同而有所不同。
②It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for a __________ (various) of reasons．
很遗憾，有些人因为各种各样的原因不能在春节回家。
【答案】① from ②variety
11. appreciate / 'pri: ie t /
vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会
appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.
通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。（P62）
I'd greatly appreciate your support .我非常感激你的支持。
appreciate (one’s) doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事
He would much appreciate your doing him that favor.
如果你能帮他这个忙，他会非常感激的。
I’d appreciate it if 如果……，将感激不尽
I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感激不尽。
vi. 增值
Their investments have appreciated over the years. 他们的投资这些年来已经增值。
【拓展】
appreciation / pri: i e n/ n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解
Learning Chinese calligraphy will increase your appreciation of Chinese culture.
学习中国书法将增加你对中国文化的鉴赏力。（P63）
They have a stronger appreciation of the importance of education.
他们对教育的重要性有了更深的理解。
12. demand/ d mɑ:nd /
n.要求；需求 ；in demand需求大
I must make it a question , not a demand. 我必须把它作为一个问题，而不是要求。（P66）
Demand for coal is down. 煤的需求下降了。
Good teachers are always in demand. 优秀的老师总是需求很大。
vt. 强烈要求；需要
She demanded an immediate answer. 她强烈要求立即作出答复。
demand + that从句（从句中用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”， should常可省略）
The workers demanded that they (should) get better pay and conditions.
工人们要求提高工资和改善工作条件。
vi.查问
“Who are you ” he demanded angrily. “你到底是谁？”他气势汹汹地查问道。
13. means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.
书面汉语也已成为一种把中国的现在与过去联系起来的一个重要的手段。（P62）
by means of... 用... ...办法；借助... ...
He succeeded by means of hard work. 他依靠自己辛勤的劳动而获得成功。
by no means 绝不，无论如何都不
He is by no means a brave person. 他绝对不是一个勇敢的人。
14. struggle / str gl /
n. 斗争；奋斗；努力；难事
When I started studying German , it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，那是一件很难的事。（P64）
Losing weight was a terrible struggle. 减肥是一件非常艰难的事。
vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；努力
She struggled to her feet. 她艰难地站起来。
struggle for sth./to do sth. 为争取……而奋斗
They were struggling for independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。
struggle against/with sb./sth.与……斗争；与……抗争
He struggled against cancer for two years.他同癌症抗争了两年。
15. .regard / r gɑ:d /
n. 尊重；关注 ； 问候（尤用于信中表示问好）
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters … 对汉语书写系统的高度重视从汉字的发展可以看出……（P62）
Give my regards to your family. 请代我向你家人问好。
vt. 把... 视为；看待；regard … as … 将……认为；把……视为
Her work is very highly regarded. 她的工作受到高度评价。
He regarded me as his friend. 他把我当成朋友。
一、根据首字母或者汉语意思完成句子。
1. They rented an___________(公寓套房) in a building overlooking Central Park.
2. That man gave me a vivid____________(描述) of Guilin scenery.
3.There are___________(各种各样) of wild life in this rainforest.
4．Like many young people，he prefers pop music to __________ (古典的) music.
5．Practising Chinese Kungfu can not only build up your body but also can develop your __________ (品质，个性).
6．As you get older, your __________ (态度) towards life changes.
7．The weather could be a major __________ (因素) in tomorrow’s game.
8．As we all know, cars have become a popular __________ (途径，方法) of transport.
9. My brother m________________ in computer application when she was at college.
10. Li Tai, as a calligrapher, often participates in national c__________________exhibitions.
11. She disclosed some details ,which was r_________to the murder case.
12. In making the plan, Tom went to the library and r______________to many books.
13.D_____________the snow outside, he went to work as usual.
14. At the congress, many delegates talked about the reform of the education s__________
【答案】
1.apartment 2.description 3. varieties 4. classical 5. character
6. attitude 7. factor 8. means 9. majored 10. calligraphy
11. related 12. referred 13. Despite 14. system
二、单句语法填空
1. Solid friendship is___________ ( base) on mutual trust.
2. As an art school, it is___________________( know) for its scientific teaching methods.
3. The veteran fighter_____________________(refer) to his experiences during the Long March.
4. When travel around our country, you will hear__________________( variety) of dialects here and there.
5. Many foreign friends think some of the Chinese___________________( character) difficult to write.
6. Do you think it__________________(importance) to practice speaking English every day.
7. Li Hua is____________________( regard)as a good example to follow in our class.
8. We should try to improve __________ (we) through learning．
9. He felt it rather difficult to be against the opinion of the __________ (major)．
10. What is your attitude___________ senior high students taking up a part time job
11. Henry told me that there was a time __________ he stayed up every night going over his lessons．
12. As the world has become a global village, learning English well is __________great importance to us all．
【答案】1.based 2. known 3. referred 4. varieties 5. characters
6. important 7. regarded 8.ourselves 9. majority 10. To
11. when 12. of
一、完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. 1 , we do know a lot about 2 ,the languages of today and also the languages of 3 times. There are 4 about three thousand languages in the world today. Chinese is the language 5 the most speakers. English, Russian and Spanish are also spoken by many millions of people. 6 , some languages in the world have less than one hundred speakers.
There are several important 7 of languages in the world. For example, most of the languages of 8 are in one large family 9 the IndoEuropean language family. The original language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years 10 . Many of the present languages of Europe and India are modern 11 of the language of 4,500 years ago.
Languages are 12 changing. The English of today is very different 13 the English of 500 years ago. Over time some even 14 completely. About 1,000 years ago 15 was a little known relative of German 16 on one of the borders(边界) of Europe.
If a language has 17 speakers or if it is very old, there may be 18 in the way it is spoken in different areas. That is, the language may have several 19 . Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by many millions of speakers. The differences among the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China 20 understand speakers from other parts.
1．A．But B．Rather C．However D．Besides
2．A．English B．history C．Chinese D．languages
3．A．earlier B．latter C．modern D．hard
4．A．frequently B．probably C．fluently D．gradually
5．A．for B．with C．in D．of
6．A．In a word B．At present C．On the one hand D．On the other hand
7．A．blocks B．accents C．families D．changes
8．A．Europe B．Asia C．Africa D．America
9．A．called B．spoken C．calling D．speaking
10．A．before B．ago C．later D．old
11．A．times B．families C．forms D．members
12．A．always B．seldom C．often D．sometimes
13．A．about B．with C．in D．from
14．A．die out B．die away C．die down D．die off
15．A．Spanish B．English C．Chinese D．Russian
16．A．called B．referred C．spoken D．named
17．A．a great deal of B．a few C．a little D．a number of
18．A．speakers B．differences C．identity D．changes
19．A．dialects B．spellings C．usages D．expressions
20．A．mustn’t B．may not C．won’t D．can’t
二、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I'm often asked how to study English effectively. I think this means getting the most out of your study time, and that means variety. 21．
Study Every Day
It's important to study English every day. However, don't exaggerate (夸张)!22． This habit of studying English every day will help keep English in your brain fresh.
A Little Grammar, a Little Listening, a Little Reading, and a Little Writing
23． Study a little grammar, then do a short listening exercise, and then read an article on the same topic. Don't do too much; twenty minutes on three different types of exercises is plenty!
24．
Give yourself one grammar goal when reading a new article or watching a new video. For example, try to write down each example of a form you are studying such as the present perfect. Use colored pens to highlight (使……突出) forms that you are studying.
Use Different Learning Methods
Don't just use one way to study English. Use many kinds of methods which will make all the parts of your brain help you. 25． All of these methods together help with your learning.
Find Some Friends
You can practice the exercises together, have conversations together (in English) , and, as you study English together, help each other with exercises you may not understand.
A．Forget Grammar
B．Review Grammar as You Watch or Read
C．Here are some simple exercises to help you warm up
D．Here are some basic ideas to help you as you study English
E.Study for thirty minutes every day instead of two hours once a week.
F.Make sure that you study a number of areas rather than focusing on just one
G.For example, if you are learning new vocabulary, create a word map, describe a picture, make a list...
三、阅读选择
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Language is born of culture and in turn reflects (反映) the history of a culture. This is clear when we compare English in Britain, the United States and Australia.
Of the three dialects, British English has the most confusing (令人困惑的) grammar and spelling rules. This is probably because the development of English has been under the control of the upper class. The modern English language came into being in the 18th century. The upper class who spoke French wanted to show their influence and make themselves different from the uneducated working people. In other words, British English reflects the British character with class.
The US dialect is generally recognized as the easiest to pared with British English, its spelling is more connected with its pronunciation. And its grammatical rules are much easier to follow. What's more, its words are simpler to pronounce. For foreigners, it's much easier to learn. That's why American English is more popular in the world.
The reason why American English is simpler than British English is connected with its special history. British English was mainly influenced by the upper class. But American upper class didn't exist when American English was born. American English was based on the dialects spoken by working people from different countries. So the formation of American English was based on a rule to help all the working people with different cultural backgrounds communicate more easily.
Australian English is different from British and American English. It is the most vulgar (粗俗的) of the three. Actually it has a tendency to show its invention, disrespect and humor. At times, this can make it almost impossible to understand and quite impolite to some educated speakers. That is partly connected with special identity of the early settlers.
26．Why is British English more confusing than American English
A．Because it was influenced by the upper class.
B．Because English people are more educated.
C．Because it was totally created by Frenchmen.
D．Because England was more powerful in the past.
27．American English is more popular than British English worldwide because ________.
A．it has fewer words B．the US has a shorter history
C．the US has a larger population D．it is easier to learn for foreigners
28．What can we infer from the passage
A．Australian English is easy to understand.
B．Australian English is preferred by educated people.
C．Modern English became popular in the 18th century.
D．American English may develop from working people's language.
29．Which of the following can best describe Australian English
A．Polite. B．Rude. C．Welcome. D．Special.
B
Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes Let’s have a look.
People wear pants to cover the lower part of their bodies. We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants in their pants. Sometimes, people may get caught with their pants down. They are found doing something they should not be doing. And, in every family, one person takes control. Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do. Then we say she wears the pants in the family.
Pants usually have pockets to hold things. Money that is likely to be spent quickly can burn a hole in your pocket. Sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants. If you have less money than usual, you may have to tighten your belt.
I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much. I really take my hat off to them. Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I instantly spend it.
Boots are a heavy or strong kind of shoes. People who are too big for their boots think they are more important than they really are. I dislike such people.
My father is an important person. He runs a big company. He wears a suit and tie, and a shirt with sleeves that cover his arms. Some people who do not know him well think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly. But I know that my father wears his heart on his sleeve.
30．What is this passage mainly about
A．What pants mean in English. B．Some special English expressions.
C．Some funny English expressions. D．Some expressions related to clothes.
31．Which of the following expressions can show someone is nervous
A．Get caught with one’s pants down. B．Have ants in one’s pants.
C．Wear the pants in the family. D．Burn a hole in one’s pocket.
32．Someone who spends his money at the drop of a hat most probably________．
A．doesn’t save money B．earns much money
C．never wastes his money D．spends more than he earns
答案解析
一、完形填空
1-5 CDABB
6-10 DCAAB
11-15 CADAB
16-20 CDBAD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了语言的起源及变化。
1．考查连词和副词辨析。空格前后句意相反，but后不能出现逗号，因此此处用however表转折。故选C。
2．考查名词辨析。根据“the languages of today and also the languages of”可知，是对语言的了解，故选D。
3．考查形容词辨析。A. earlier早期的；B. latter后来的；C. modern现代的；D. hard坚硬的。根据“of today”可知，对应的是早期语言，故选A。
4．考查副词辨析。句意：现今世界上可能大约有三千种语言。A. frequently频繁地； B. probably 可能；C. fluently流利地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据about可知，数字并不确定，故选B。
5．考查介词辨析。句意：中文是拥有最多使用者的语言。A. for为了；B. with带有，拥有； C. in在……里面；D. of……的。此处用with“有”表伴随，故选B。
6．考查介词短语辨析。A. In a word 总之；B. At present现在；C. On the one hand一方面；D. On the other hand另一方面。前文讲中文等语言有许多使用者，此处讲一些语言只有不到一百个使用者，这是另一方面，故选D。
7．考查名词辨析。根据后文“the IndoEuropean language family”可知，这里是讲几个重要语系，故选C。
8．考查名词辨析。根据“IndoEuropean language family”可知，此处是指欧洲语言，故选A。
9．考动词辨析。句意：例如，大部分欧洲语言属于叫作印欧语系的大语系。A. called 叫作；B. spoken说；C. calling叫作；D. speaking说话。IndoEuropean language family是这种大语系的名字，用“叫作”符合语境，逻辑主语family和call之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故选A。
10．考查副词辨析。根据original可知，是4500年前，故选B。
11．考查名词辨析。句意：很多欧洲和印度的现代语言使4500年前的语言的现代形式。A. times次数；B. families语系；C. forms形式；D. members成员。现代语言是远古语言的变形，故选C。
12．考查副词辨析。根据后文讲现在的英文和五百年前的英文不同，甚至有些语言已经完全消失，可知，语言总是在变化，故选A。
13．考查介词辨析和固定搭配。be different from意为“与……不同”，为固定搭配，故选D。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着时间过去甚至有些语言已经完全消失。A. die out消亡；B. die away减弱； C. die down逐渐消失；D. die off相继死去。根据completely可知，此处是指语言完全消失，故选A。
15．考查名词辨析。句意：一千年前的英语还与欧洲边界地区人们讲的德语有关。A. Spanish 西班牙语；B. English英语；C. Chinese中文；D. Russian俄语。根据前文讲英文的变化可知，此处是讲一千年前的英语与德语有关，故选B。
16．考查动词辨析。German“德语”应是在其中一个边界上被说，故选C。
17．考查形容词短语辨析。A. a great deal of大量的；B. a few几个；C. a little很少；D. a number of大量的。根据后文举例Chinese可知，此处是讲使用者众多或很古老的语言，a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词，故选D。
18．考查名词辨析。根据in different areas可知，此处是讲不同地区的同一语言的使用方式不同，故选B。
19．考查名词辨析。A. dialects方言；B. spellings拼写；C. usages使用；D. expressions表达。根据前文讲在不同区域它的使用方式可能会有不同可知，此处是指这种语言可能有几种方言，且下文的“The differences among the dialects of Chinese are so great ”也有暗示。故选A。
20．考查情态动词辨析。A. mustn’t禁止；B. may not也许不；C. won’t不会；D. can’t不能。根据前文讲中文的一些方言差异很大可知，不同方言的使用者无法理解对方说的方言，故选D。
二、七选五
21-25 DEFBG
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种有效的英语学习方法。
21．上文“I'm often asked how to study English effectively. I think this means getting the most out of your study time, and that means variety.”以及下文所列举的小标题说明本文主题就是介绍英语学习方法。D项承接上文，引出下文几条学习方法。故选D项。
22．小标题“Study Every Day”说明每天都要学习英语，E.符合本段主题，是每天学习的具体措施。故选E项。
23．下文“Study a little grammar, then do a short listening exercise, and then read an article on the same topic.”介绍了一系列学习内容方法，F项引出下文，符合本段主题（小标题）。故选F项。
24．下文“Give yourself one grammar goal when reading a new article or watching a new video.”说明学习时给自己设个语法目标。B项能概括本段大意，适合做本段标题。故选B项。
25．上文“Use many kinds of methods which will make all the parts of your brain help you.”和下文“All of these methods together help with your learning.”都在谈论方法对学习的帮助，G项承接上文，列举了一系列具体的学习方法，下文中的these methods指代“所举方法”，进一步说明这些方法的作用。故选G项。
三、阅读选择
A
26-29 ADDB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英式英语、美式英语和澳式英语的异同。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Of the three dialects, British English has the most confusing (令人困惑的) grammar and spelling rules. This is probably because the development of English has been under the control of the upper class.”可知，因为受到上层阶级的影响，英式英语的语法和拼写变得令人费解。故选A项。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For foreigners, it's much easier to learn. That's why American English is more popular in the world.”可知，美式英语比英式英语更受欢迎是因为美式英语更容易学。故选D项。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“So the formation of American English was based on a rule to help all the working people with different cultural backgrounds communicate more easily.”可推知，美式英语可能从劳动人民的语言发展而来。故选D项。
29．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is the most vulgar of the three.”以及“disrespect and humor ”和“quite impolite (非常不礼貌的)”可知，澳大利亚英语是粗鲁无礼的。故选B项。
B
30-32 DCA
【详解】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种和衣服有关的习语表达。
1. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes Let’s have a look.”以及下文对主这样的介短语的介绍可知，本文主要是介绍了一些与衣服有关的英语习语。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants in their pants.”可知，我们有时会说紧张的人有蚂蚁在裤子里，故Have ants in one’s pants.表示某人是紧张的。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I instantly spend it.”可知， Someone who spends his money at the drop of a hat表示把钱立刻花掉，即不节约，故选A。
1. 【2018全国卷II语法填空】According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67______ (globe) fertilizer consumption.
2.【河南省八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”2019届高三第五次测评】Calligraphy is a visual art 1 (relate) to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument, brush, or other writing instruments.
3. 【2019·北京卷】Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.
1. 答案及解析：global 考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行的数据，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，应该用形容词修饰,故答案为global。
2.related【解析】考查非谓语动词。短语be related to与……相关，在句中作定语，修饰名词art，故用过去分词形式。句意：书法是一种与书写有关的视觉艺术。故填related。
3.meaningful. 考查词性转换。句意：在考虑该上哪个大学之前，学生应该对于大学有一个适当的态度，尽量提早做必要的准备，以便将来能够有一个健康并且有意义的大学生活。
1.1 Reading and Thinking
1．____________ ['neItIv]adj．出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人 2．____________ [' tItju d；NAmE' tItu d]n．态度；看法 3．____________ ['sIst m]n．体系；制度；系统 4．____________ [dI'spaIt]prep．即使；尽管 5．____________ ['f kt (r)]n．因素；要素 6．____________ ['sImbl]n．符号；象征 7．____________ [kɑ v] vt．& vi．雕刻 8．____________ ['dIn sti；NAmE'daI ]n．王朝；朝代 9．____________ ['meId (r)]adj． 主要的；重要的 n．主修课程 vi．主修 10．____________ [mi nz] n．方式；方法；途径 11．____________ ['kl sIk]adj．传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著 12．____________ [rI'ɡɑ d] n．尊重；关注 vt．把……视为；看待 13．____________ ['k r kt (r)]n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
1．refer vi．提到；参考；查阅→____________ n．参考；参照；涉及 2．base_vt．以……为基础 n．底部；根据→____________adj．以(某事)为基础的 3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→____________adj．不同的；各种各样的→____________ vt．& vi．使多样化；变化 4．global_adj．全球的；全世界的→____________ n．球体；地球仪；地球 5．appreciate vt．欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi．增值→____________ n．欣赏；感激
原产于某地_________________ 指的是；描述；提到；查阅 _________________ 尽管…_________________ 以…为基础；_________________ 追溯到 _________________ 多种多样的；各种各样的_________________ 主修…学科_________________ 用...办法；借助... _________________ 绝不，无论如何都不_________________ 将…认为；把…视为_________________ 欣赏中国的文化和历史_________________ 为争取…而奋斗_________________ 依我看_________________ 春季 / 秋季学期_________________ 乘地铁_________________ 乞求某人干某事_________________ 代沟_________________ 满足客户要求_________________ 难以形容_________________ be related to _________________ a positive /negative /firm attitude _________________ ups and downs _________________ struggle against/with sb./sth. _________________
定语从句（二）—关系副词的用法
【答案】
重点单词
1．native['neItIv] adj．出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
2．attitude[' tItju d；NAmE' tItu d]n．态度；看法
3．system['sIst m]n．体系；制度；系统
4．despite[dI'spaIt]prep．即使；尽管
5．factor['f kt (r)]n．因素；要素
6．symbol['sImbl]n．符号；象征
7．carve[kɑ v] vt．& vi．雕刻
8．dynasty['dIn sti；NAmE'daI ]n．王朝；朝代
9．major['meId (r)]adj． 主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi．主修
10．means[mi nz] n．方式；方法；途径
11．classic['kl sIk]adj．传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著
12．regard[rI'ɡɑ d] n．尊重；关注 vt．把……视为；看待
13．character['k r kt (r)]n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
词性转换
1．refer vi．提到；参考；查阅 vt．查询；叫……求助于→reference n．参考；参照；涉及
2．base_vt．以……为基础 n．底部；根据→ based adj．以(某事)为基础的
3．variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→various adj．不同的；各种各样的→vary vt．& vi．使多样化；变化
4．global_adj．全球的；全世界的→globe n．球体；地球仪；地球
5．appreciate vt．欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi．增值→appreciation n．欣赏；感激
目标短语
be native to...
refer to
despite the fact that…
be based on/upon
date back to ... （= date from…）
a variety of = varieties of = various
major in
by means of...
by no means
regard … as …
appreciate China’s culture and history
struggle for sth./to do sth.
from my point of view
the spring/fall semester
ride/take the subway
beg sb to do sth
generation gap
meet/satisfy their customers' demands
beyond description
与……有关， 和……有联系
积极/消极/坚定的态度
浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
.与……斗争；与……抗争
. 感激（某人）做某事
【拓展】apply sth. to 把……运用到……
apply to 适应于……
apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……
apply for a visa / passport /job/ scholarship申请签证/护照/工作 /奖学金
【例句】①You can apply theory to practice. 你可以把理论用于实践。
②I'm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.
我写这封信是为了申请学生志愿者的职位。
③I would be very grateful if you could kindly consider my application.
如果你能诚恳地考虑我的申请，我会很感激的。
[练习]单句语法填空
①I'd appreciate it if you can help me fill in the ____________ (apply) form for a new passport.
②I'm writing to apply ____________a part time job at a foreign company in my city during the summer vacation.
【答案】① application ②for
1. native adj．本国的；本地的 n．本地人；本国人
(教材P60)How many billion people speak the UN’s official languages as their native or second language
有多少亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言？
【拓展】be native to 原产于
one’s native country/land/language某人的祖国/故乡/母语
be a native of… ……的人；原产于……的动物或植物
【例句】①As a matter of fact, French is not my native language. 事实上，法语不是我的母语。
[练习]单句语法填空
①The researcher says the tiger is native ____________ India.
②Is her uncle a native ____________ Shanghai, or just a visitor
【答案】① to ②of
2. date back (to…) 追溯(到……)
(教材P62)It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu…
它可以追溯到几千年前的龙骨的使用……
【拓展】date back to…＝date from…追溯到……
out of date 过时的，陈旧的
date back to ... / date from… 不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态中，但可以用现在分词形式作定语。
【例句】①As far as I know, the old town dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。
②I’d like to buy a new coat, because this one is out of date.
我想买一件新外套，因为这件外套已经过时了。
3. billion / b lj n / n. 十亿
(教材P60) How many billion people speak the UN' s official languages as their native or second language
有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二门语言？
表数量的词的用法
dozen（十二）,score（二十）,hundred（百）,thousand（千）,million（百万）, billion（十亿） 之前有确切的数字时，用单数形式；没有确切的数字时，用复数形式，而且多和of连用。 two dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋 five hundred people五百人 hundreds of people数百计的人 three billion years 30亿年 billions of years数十亿年
4. relate / r le t / vt. 联系；讲述 relation /r le n/ n. 关系；联系；交往
(教材P67) Does each sentence relate to the main idea 每个句子都与主旨有关吗？
【拓展】international relations国际关系
relate A with/ to B把…联系起来
be related to 与……有关， 和……有联系
relate to 与…… 相关；涉及；谈到
【例句】①I can't relate what he does with/ to what he says. 我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。
②This heart attack may be related to his overwork. 这次心脏病发作可能和他工作过劳有关。
5. attitude n．态度；看法；姿态
(教材P60)What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning
说话者对外语学习的态度是什么？
【拓展】attitude to/towards… 对……的态度/看法
have/take a(n)…attitude to/towards…对……持/采取……的态度
a positive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度
【例句】①Try to have a positive attitude to/towards everything and stop complaining.
尽力对每件事情都持积极的态度，停止抱怨。
②We each should develop a positive attitude_to/towards life. 我们每个人都应该培养积极的人生态度。
③Beauty is an attitude. It has nothing to do with age. 美是一种态度，与年龄无关。
6. point of view观点；看法
(教材P64)I could see the world from a different point of view. 我可以从不同的角度看世界。
【例句】① Try to see the matter from her point of view. 尽量从她的角度来考虑这个问题.
②From my point of view , the party was a complete success. 依我看这次聚会非常圆满。
7. ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
【例句】The relationship between China and America has seen ups and downs in the past fifty years.
在过去的50年里，中美两国关系跌宕起伏。
8. refer to 提及；查阅；参考；谈到；提交；指的是 reference n．言及，提及；参考；查阅
(教材P60)Pay attention to the context of words to help you understand what the pronouns refer to. 注意单词的上下文，帮助你理解代词指代什么。
【例句】① You may refer to your notes if you want. 如果需要，可以查阅笔记。
②I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference.
我记下了这家酒店的名字，以后也许用得着。
[练习][一词多义]——写出句中refer to的含义
①Since the boy has been punished，please don’t refer to that matter again. ______________
②If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary. ______________
③When I said some people were stupid I wasn’t referring to you. ______________
④As far as I know，he is referred to as a living Lei Feng. ______________
【答案】① 提及 ②参考；查阅 ③指的是 ④把…称作
“查字典”的常用短语小结：
look up the word in the dictionary
refer to the dictionary
9. based adj．以(某事)为基础的； 以……为重要部分(或特征)的
(教材P62)At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture based language．
最初，书面汉语是一种以象形文字为基础的语言。
【拓展】be based on/upon 以……为基础/依据
base…on… 以……为基础
the economic base 经济基础
【例句】①Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. 毕竟，睡眠是非常基本的需要。
[练习]单句语法填空
①One should always base his opinion ___________ facts.
②The film ___________ (base) on a true story, and it is very popular.
＝____________(base) on a true story, the film is very popular.
③They have to have a ___________(base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology.
【答案】① on ②is based; Based ③ basic
10.variety /v ra t / n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化 vary vt. & vi. 改变；变化
(教材P62)...it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters. ... ...那是一个中国人在地理上是分裂时期，导致了多种方言和文字。
【拓展】 a variety of = varieties of = various 多种多样的；各种各样的
for various reasons 由于种种原因
vary from…to… 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动
【例句】 ①China has a variety of / varieties of / various plants. 中国有着品种繁多的植物。
② In my free time，I’d like to take exercise，such as swimming, running and various/a variety of ball games．
在业余时间，我喜欢锻炼，例如：游泳，跑步，以及各种各样的球类运动。
[练习]单句语法填空
①All languages change over time and vary __________ place to place because of the local accent．
所有的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化，并且由于地方口音的不同而有所不同。
②It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for a __________ (various) of reasons．
很遗憾，有些人因为各种各样的原因不能在春节回家。
【答案】① from ②variety
11. appreciate / 'pri: ie t /
vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会
appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.
通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。（P62）
I'd greatly appreciate your support .我非常感激你的支持。
appreciate (one’s) doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事
He would much appreciate your doing him that favor.
如果你能帮他这个忙，他会非常感激的。
I’d appreciate it if 如果……，将感激不尽
I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
如果你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感激不尽。
vi. 增值
Their investments have appreciated over the years. 他们的投资这些年来已经增值。
【拓展】
appreciation / pri: i e n/ n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解
Learning Chinese calligraphy will increase your appreciation of Chinese culture.
学习中国书法将增加你对中国文化的鉴赏力。（P63）
They have a stronger appreciation of the importance of education.
他们对教育的重要性有了更深的理解。
12. demand/ d mɑ:nd /
n.要求；需求 ；in demand需求大
I must make it a question , not a demand. 我必须把它作为一个问题，而不是要求。（P66）
Demand for coal is down. 煤的需求下降了。
Good teachers are always in demand. 优秀的老师总是需求很大。
vt. 强烈要求；需要
She demanded an immediate answer. 她强烈要求立即作出答复。
demand + that从句（从句中用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”， should常可省略）
The workers demanded that they (should) get better pay and conditions.
工人们要求提高工资和改善工作条件。
vi.查问
“Who are you ” he demanded angrily. “你到底是谁？”他气势汹汹地查问道。
13. means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.
书面汉语也已成为一种把中国的现在与过去联系起来的一个重要的手段。（P62）
by means of... 用... ...办法；借助... ...
He succeeded by means of hard work. 他依靠自己辛勤的劳动而获得成功。
by no means 绝不，无论如何都不
He is by no means a brave person. 他绝对不是一个勇敢的人。
14. struggle / str gl /
n. 斗争；奋斗；努力；难事
When I started studying German , it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，那是一件很难的事。（P64）
Losing weight was a terrible struggle. 减肥是一件非常艰难的事。
vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；努力
She struggled to her feet. 她艰难地站起来。
struggle for sth./to do sth. 为争取……而奋斗
They were struggling for independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。
struggle against/with sb./sth.与……斗争；与……抗争
He struggled against cancer for two years.他同癌症抗争了两年。
15. .regard / r gɑ:d /
n. 尊重；关注 ； 问候（尤用于信中表示问好）
The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters … 对汉语书写系统的高度重视从汉字的发展可以看出……（P62）
Give my regards to your family. 请代我向你家人问好。
vt. 把... 视为；看待；regard … as … 将……认为；把……视为
Her work is very highly regarded. 她的工作受到高度评价。
He regarded me as his friend. 他把我当成朋友。
一、根据首字母或者汉语意思完成句子。
1. They rented an___________(公寓套房) in a building overlooking Central Park.
2. That man gave me a vivid____________(描述) of Guilin scenery.
3.There are___________(各种各样) of wild life in this rainforest.
4．Like many young people，he prefers pop music to __________ (古典的) music.
5．Practising Chinese Kungfu can not only build up your body but also can develop your __________ (品质，个性).
6．As you get older, your __________ (态度) towards life changes.
7．The weather could be a major __________ (因素) in tomorrow’s game.
8．As we all know, cars have become a popular __________ (途径，方法) of transport.
9. My brother m________________ in computer application when she was at college.
10. Li Tai, as a calligrapher, often participates in national c__________________exhibitions.
11. She disclosed some details ,which was r_________to the murder case.
12. In making the plan, Tom went to the library and r______________to many books.
13.D_____________the snow outside, he went to work as usual.
14. At the congress, many delegates talked about the reform of the education s__________
【答案】
1.apartment 2.description 3. varieties 4. classical 5. character
6. attitude 7. factor 8. means 9. majored 10. calligraphy
11. related 12. referred 13. Despite 14. system
二、单句语法填空
1. Solid friendship is___________ ( base) on mutual trust.
2. As an art school, it is___________________( know) for its scientific teaching methods.
3. The veteran fighter_____________________(refer) to his experiences during the Long March.
4. When travel around our country, you will hear__________________( variety) of dialects here and there.
5. Many foreign friends think some of the Chinese___________________( character) difficult to write.
6. Do you think it__________________(importance) to practice speaking English every day.
7. Li Hua is____________________( regard)as a good example to follow in our class.
8. We should try to improve __________ (we) through learning．
9. He felt it rather difficult to be against the opinion of the __________ (major)．
10. What is your attitude___________ senior high students taking up a part time job
11. Henry told me that there was a time __________ he stayed up every night going over his lessons．
12. As the world has become a global village, learning English well is __________great importance to us all．
【答案】1.based 2. known 3. referred 4. varieties 5. characters
6. important 7. regarded 8.ourselves 9. majority 10. To
11. when 12. of
一、完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Throughout history, people have been interested in knowing how language first began, but no one knows exactly where or how this happened. 1 , we do know a lot about 2 ,the languages of today and also the languages of 3 times. There are 4 about three thousand languages in the world today. Chinese is the language 5 the most speakers. English, Russian and Spanish are also spoken by many millions of people. 6 , some languages in the world have less than one hundred speakers.
There are several important 7 of languages in the world. For example, most of the languages of 8 are in one large family 9 the IndoEuropean language family. The original language of this family was spoken about 4,500 years 10 . Many of the present languages of Europe and India are modern 11 of the language of 4,500 years ago.
Languages are 12 changing. The English of today is very different 13 the English of 500 years ago. Over time some even 14 completely. About 1,000 years ago 15 was a little known relative of German 16 on one of the borders(边界) of Europe.
If a language has 17 speakers or if it is very old, there may be 18 in the way it is spoken in different areas. That is, the language may have several 19 . Chinese is a good example of dialect differences. Chinese has been spoken for thousands of years by many millions of speakers. The differences among the dialects of Chinese are so great that speakers of Chinese from some parts of China 20 understand speakers from other parts.
1．A．But B．Rather C．However D．Besides
2．A．English B．history C．Chinese D．languages
3．A．earlier B．latter C．modern D．hard
4．A．frequently B．probably C．fluently D．gradually
5．A．for B．with C．in D．of
6．A．In a word B．At present C．On the one hand D．On the other hand
7．A．blocks B．accents C．families D．changes
8．A．Europe B．Asia C．Africa D．America
9．A．called B．spoken C．calling D．speaking
10．A．before B．ago C．later D．old
11．A．times B．families C．forms D．members
12．A．always B．seldom C．often D．sometimes
13．A．about B．with C．in D．from
14．A．die out B．die away C．die down D．die off
15．A．Spanish B．English C．Chinese D．Russian
16．A．called B．referred C．spoken D．named
17．A．a great deal of B．a few C．a little D．a number of
18．A．speakers B．differences C．identity D．changes
19．A．dialects B．spellings C．usages D．expressions
20．A．mustn’t B．may not C．won’t D．can’t
二、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I'm often asked how to study English effectively. I think this means getting the most out of your study time, and that means variety. 21．
Study Every Day
It's important to study English every day. However, don't exaggerate (夸张)!22． This habit of studying English every day will help keep English in your brain fresh.
A Little Grammar, a Little Listening, a Little Reading, and a Little Writing
23． Study a little grammar, then do a short listening exercise, and then read an article on the same topic. Don't do too much; twenty minutes on three different types of exercises is plenty!
24．
Give yourself one grammar goal when reading a new article or watching a new video. For example, try to write down each example of a form you are studying such as the present perfect. Use colored pens to highlight (使……突出) forms that you are studying.
Use Different Learning Methods
Don't just use one way to study English. Use many kinds of methods which will make all the parts of your brain help you. 25． All of these methods together help with your learning.
Find Some Friends
You can practice the exercises together, have conversations together (in English) , and, as you study English together, help each other with exercises you may not understand.
A．Forget Grammar
B．Review Grammar as You Watch or Read
C．Here are some simple exercises to help you warm up
D．Here are some basic ideas to help you as you study English
E.Study for thirty minutes every day instead of two hours once a week.
F.Make sure that you study a number of areas rather than focusing on just one
G.For example, if you are learning new vocabulary, create a word map, describe a picture, make a list...
三、阅读选择
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Language is born of culture and in turn reflects (反映) the history of a culture. This is clear when we compare English in Britain, the United States and Australia.
Of the three dialects, British English has the most confusing (令人困惑的) grammar and spelling rules. This is probably because the development of English has been under the control of the upper class. The modern English language came into being in the 18th century. The upper class who spoke French wanted to show their influence and make themselves different from the uneducated working people. In other words, British English reflects the British character with class.
The US dialect is generally recognized as the easiest to pared with British English, its spelling is more connected with its pronunciation. And its grammatical rules are much easier to follow. What's more, its words are simpler to pronounce. For foreigners, it's much easier to learn. That's why American English is more popular in the world.
The reason why American English is simpler than British English is connected with its special history. British English was mainly influenced by the upper class. But American upper class didn't exist when American English was born. American English was based on the dialects spoken by working people from different countries. So the formation of American English was based on a rule to help all the working people with different cultural backgrounds communicate more easily.
Australian English is different from British and American English. It is the most vulgar (粗俗的) of the three. Actually it has a tendency to show its invention, disrespect and humor. At times, this can make it almost impossible to understand and quite impolite to some educated speakers. That is partly connected with special identity of the early settlers.
26．Why is British English more confusing than American English
A．Because it was influenced by the upper class.
B．Because English people are more educated.
C．Because it was totally created by Frenchmen.
D．Because England was more powerful in the past.
27．American English is more popular than British English worldwide because ________.
A．it has fewer words B．the US has a shorter history
C．the US has a larger population D．it is easier to learn for foreigners
28．What can we infer from the passage
A．Australian English is easy to understand.
B．Australian English is preferred by educated people.
C．Modern English became popular in the 18th century.
D．American English may develop from working people's language.
29．Which of the following can best describe Australian English
A．Polite. B．Rude. C．Welcome. D．Special.
B
Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes Let’s have a look.
People wear pants to cover the lower part of their bodies. We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants in their pants. Sometimes, people may get caught with their pants down. They are found doing something they should not be doing. And, in every family, one person takes control. Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do. Then we say she wears the pants in the family.
Pants usually have pockets to hold things. Money that is likely to be spent quickly can burn a hole in your pocket. Sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants. If you have less money than usual, you may have to tighten your belt.
I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much. I really take my hat off to them. Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I instantly spend it.
Boots are a heavy or strong kind of shoes. People who are too big for their boots think they are more important than they really are. I dislike such people.
My father is an important person. He runs a big company. He wears a suit and tie, and a shirt with sleeves that cover his arms. Some people who do not know him well think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly. But I know that my father wears his heart on his sleeve.
30．What is this passage mainly about
A．What pants mean in English. B．Some special English expressions.
C．Some funny English expressions. D．Some expressions related to clothes.
31．Which of the following expressions can show someone is nervous
A．Get caught with one’s pants down. B．Have ants in one’s pants.
C．Wear the pants in the family. D．Burn a hole in one’s pocket.
32．Someone who spends his money at the drop of a hat most probably________．
A．doesn’t save money B．earns much money
C．never wastes his money D．spends more than he earns
答案解析
一、完形填空
1-5 CDABB
6-10 DCAAB
11-15 CADAB
16-20 CDBAD
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了语言的起源及变化。
1．考查连词和副词辨析。空格前后句意相反，but后不能出现逗号，因此此处用however表转折。故选C。
2．考查名词辨析。根据“the languages of today and also the languages of”可知，是对语言的了解，故选D。
3．考查形容词辨析。A. earlier早期的；B. latter后来的；C. modern现代的；D. hard坚硬的。根据“of today”可知，对应的是早期语言，故选A。
4．考查副词辨析。句意：现今世界上可能大约有三千种语言。A. frequently频繁地； B. probably 可能；C. fluently流利地；D. gradually逐渐地。根据about可知，数字并不确定，故选B。
5．考查介词辨析。句意：中文是拥有最多使用者的语言。A. for为了；B. with带有，拥有； C. in在……里面；D. of……的。此处用with“有”表伴随，故选B。
6．考查介词短语辨析。A. In a word 总之；B. At present现在；C. On the one hand一方面；D. On the other hand另一方面。前文讲中文等语言有许多使用者，此处讲一些语言只有不到一百个使用者，这是另一方面，故选D。
7．考查名词辨析。根据后文“the IndoEuropean language family”可知，这里是讲几个重要语系，故选C。
8．考查名词辨析。根据“IndoEuropean language family”可知，此处是指欧洲语言，故选A。
9．考动词辨析。句意：例如，大部分欧洲语言属于叫作印欧语系的大语系。A. called 叫作；B. spoken说；C. calling叫作；D. speaking说话。IndoEuropean language family是这种大语系的名字，用“叫作”符合语境，逻辑主语family和call之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故选A。
10．考查副词辨析。根据original可知，是4500年前，故选B。
11．考查名词辨析。句意：很多欧洲和印度的现代语言使4500年前的语言的现代形式。A. times次数；B. families语系；C. forms形式；D. members成员。现代语言是远古语言的变形，故选C。
12．考查副词辨析。根据后文讲现在的英文和五百年前的英文不同，甚至有些语言已经完全消失，可知，语言总是在变化，故选A。
13．考查介词辨析和固定搭配。be different from意为“与……不同”，为固定搭配，故选D。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着时间过去甚至有些语言已经完全消失。A. die out消亡；B. die away减弱； C. die down逐渐消失；D. die off相继死去。根据completely可知，此处是指语言完全消失，故选A。
15．考查名词辨析。句意：一千年前的英语还与欧洲边界地区人们讲的德语有关。A. Spanish 西班牙语；B. English英语；C. Chinese中文；D. Russian俄语。根据前文讲英文的变化可知，此处是讲一千年前的英语与德语有关，故选B。
16．考查动词辨析。German“德语”应是在其中一个边界上被说，故选C。
17．考查形容词短语辨析。A. a great deal of大量的；B. a few几个；C. a little很少；D. a number of大量的。根据后文举例Chinese可知，此处是讲使用者众多或很古老的语言，a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词，故选D。
18．考查名词辨析。根据in different areas可知，此处是讲不同地区的同一语言的使用方式不同，故选B。
19．考查名词辨析。A. dialects方言；B. spellings拼写；C. usages使用；D. expressions表达。根据前文讲在不同区域它的使用方式可能会有不同可知，此处是指这种语言可能有几种方言，且下文的“The differences among the dialects of Chinese are so great ”也有暗示。故选A。
20．考查情态动词辨析。A. mustn’t禁止；B. may not也许不；C. won’t不会；D. can’t不能。根据前文讲中文的一些方言差异很大可知，不同方言的使用者无法理解对方说的方言，故选D。
二、七选五
21-25 DEFBG
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种有效的英语学习方法。
21．上文“I'm often asked how to study English effectively. I think this means getting the most out of your study time, and that means variety.”以及下文所列举的小标题说明本文主题就是介绍英语学习方法。D项承接上文，引出下文几条学习方法。故选D项。
22．小标题“Study Every Day”说明每天都要学习英语，E.符合本段主题，是每天学习的具体措施。故选E项。
23．下文“Study a little grammar, then do a short listening exercise, and then read an article on the same topic.”介绍了一系列学习内容方法，F项引出下文，符合本段主题（小标题）。故选F项。
24．下文“Give yourself one grammar goal when reading a new article or watching a new video.”说明学习时给自己设个语法目标。B项能概括本段大意，适合做本段标题。故选B项。
25．上文“Use many kinds of methods which will make all the parts of your brain help you.”和下文“All of these methods together help with your learning.”都在谈论方法对学习的帮助，G项承接上文，列举了一系列具体的学习方法，下文中的these methods指代“所举方法”，进一步说明这些方法的作用。故选G项。
三、阅读选择
A
26-29 ADDB
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英式英语、美式英语和澳式英语的异同。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Of the three dialects, British English has the most confusing (令人困惑的) grammar and spelling rules. This is probably because the development of English has been under the control of the upper class.”可知，因为受到上层阶级的影响，英式英语的语法和拼写变得令人费解。故选A项。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For foreigners, it's much easier to learn. That's why American English is more popular in the world.”可知，美式英语比英式英语更受欢迎是因为美式英语更容易学。故选D项。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“So the formation of American English was based on a rule to help all the working people with different cultural backgrounds communicate more easily.”可推知，美式英语可能从劳动人民的语言发展而来。故选D项。
29．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is the most vulgar of the three.”以及“disrespect and humor ”和“quite impolite (非常不礼貌的)”可知，澳大利亚英语是粗鲁无礼的。故选B项。
B
30-32 DCA
【详解】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种和衣服有关的习语表达。
1. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes Let’s have a look.”以及下文对主这样的介短语的介绍可知，本文主要是介绍了一些与衣服有关的英语习语。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的“We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants in their pants.”可知，我们有时会说紧张的人有蚂蚁在裤子里，故Have ants in one’s pants.表示某人是紧张的。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I instantly spend it.”可知， Someone who spends his money at the drop of a hat表示把钱立刻花掉，即不节约，故选A。
1. 【2018全国卷II语法填空】According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67______ (globe) fertilizer consumption.
2.【河南省八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”2019届高三第五次测评】Calligraphy is a visual art 1 (relate) to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument, brush, or other writing instruments.
3. 【2019·北京卷】Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___(meaning)college experience.
1. 答案及解析：global 考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行的数据，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，应该用形容词修饰,故答案为global。
2.related【解析】考查非谓语动词。短语be related to与……相关，在句中作定语，修饰名词art，故用过去分词形式。句意：书法是一种与书写有关的视觉艺术。故填related。
3.meaningful. 考查词性转换。句意：在考虑该上哪个大学之前，学生应该对于大学有一个适当的态度，尽量提早做必要的准备，以便将来能够有一个健康并且有意义的大学生活。