高中英语语法专题第十七章 反意疑问句

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名称 高中英语语法专题第十七章 反意疑问句
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更新时间 2023-01-15 20:07:52

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第十七章 反意疑问句
反意疑问句的一般应用规则是:前面陈述部分如果用肯定形式,后面的附加疑问部分则用否定形式;前面陈述部分如果用否定形式,后面的附加疑问部分用肯定形式。
(1)反意疑问句用法歌诀反意疑问句三要点,前后谓语正相反①。短句not如出现,必须缩写是习惯②。最后一点须注意,短句代词作主语③。说明:①反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是,“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问”。如:He is a teacher,isn’t he She doesn’t like it,does he ②简略问句如是否定式,not应与be,do,will等助动词、情态动词缩写。如:He is a worker,isn’t he (不说is not he)③简略问句的主语不可用名词,应用人称代词。如:Jack likes English,doesn’t he (不说doesn’t Jack)(2)反意疑问句回答方法歌诀回答反意疑问句,答案含义是依据,肯定事实用yes,否定事实no替。说明:对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就要用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。这和汉语不一样,应特别注意。例如:He isn’t going to the meeting,is he 他不去参加会议,是吗 Yes,he is.不,他要去的。No,he isn't.对,他不去。
但在实际的运用中,只知道一般的应用规则还不足以解决所有的问题,以下种特殊情况应特别注意。
(一)当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that,these,those时,疑问部分中的主语不再用指示代词,而要用it或they代替。如:
That isn’t your desk, is it
These are interesting stories, aren't they
(二)当陈述部分的主语是“I'm...”结构时,疑问部分一般用aren't I。如:
I'm late for class, aren't I
I'm doing well, aren't I
(三)当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,somebody,nobody,none等合成代词时,疑问部分的主语多用they,但也可用he。如:
Everyone came here, didn't they
Nobody phoned while I was out, did they
(四)当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it。如:
Nothing is too difficult for him, is it
Everything is ready, isn't it
(五)当陈述部分以不定代词one作主语,疑问部分的主语在正式的场合用one,在非正式场合用you。如:
One cant be too careful, can one(you)
(六)当陈述部分是“there be+主语+其它”结构时,疑问部分要用“be(not)+there”结构。如:
There is a book on the desk,isn't there
There are not any pens in the box,are there
(七)当陈述部分的主语是“I don’t think (suppose,believe)+that从句”结构时,疑问部分的主语和谓语须和从句中的主语和谓语在人称和数上相一致,并且还要用肯定形式。如:
I don’t think he can finish the work, can he
I don’t believe she knows it, does she
但:You don’t think he can finish the work, do you
(八)当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时,有两种情况:
1.have作“有”解时,可有两种形式。如:
He has a new book, hasn’t(doesn't)he
2.have表示其它意思时,只用do的相应形式。如:
She had a good time in the park, didn't she
They had a meeting yesterday,didn't they
(九)当陈述部分有情态动词ought to时,疑问部分的谓语动词用ought(oughtn’t)代替。如:
Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they
He ought to be punished, oughtn't he
但在非正式文体中,用ought we not形式。如:
We ought to go, ought we not 或We ought to go,should we not/shouldn't we
(十)当陈述部分有情态动词used to时,疑问部分的谓语动词有两种形式。如:
He used to live in Beijing, use(d)n’t he/didn't he
There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n't there/didn't there
(十一)当陈述部分有情态动词must时,常用的有三种情况:
1.must表示“必须”、“禁止”等时,疑问部分用must(mustn't)。如:
I must answer the letter, mustn't I
You mustn’t on grass, must you
2.must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问部分则用needn't。如:
You must go home right now, needn't you
3.当must用来对现在的情况进行“推测“时,疑问部分的谓语要根据must之后的动词不定式采用相应的形式。如:
You must be tired, aren't you
He must be studying in the classroom, isn't he
4.当must用来对过去的情况进行“推测”(must+have+过去分词)时,若强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用“didn’t+主语”;若强调动作的完成(一般没有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用“haven't(hasn't)+主语”。如:
He must have met her yesterday,didn't he
You must have seen the film,haven't you
(十二)当陈述部分有have to或has to,had to时,疑问部分一般用do的相应形式。如:
We have to get up at four tomorrow,don't we
They had to leave early,didn't they
(十三)当陈述部分有had better时,疑问部分用hadn't或shouldn't。如:
You’d better go with me,hadn’t you/shouldn't you
(十四)当陈述部分有seldom, hardly, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。如:
She hardly knows French,does she
Few People know him,do they
Nobody can answer the question,can they
(十五)当陈述部分的谓语是带有否定词缀(前缀或后缀)的动词时,疑问部分仍用否定结构。如:
He is unfit for his office,isn't he
They disliked playing football,didn't they
(十六)当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望wish等时,疑问部分的谓语动词用may而且前后两个部分均用肯定式。如:
I wish to go home now,may I
(十七)感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式,并用be的一般现在时。如:
What a lovely day,isn't it
How cool the weather is,isn't it
(十八)当陈述部分为祈使句,应注意:
1. 如果祈使句为肯定式,疑问部分用肯定式或否定式均可。肯定形式在语气上更委婉客气。如:
Pass me the book,will you/won't you
Stop talking,will you
2.如果祈使句为否定式,疑问部分只能用肯定式。如:
Don’t speak aloud any more,will you
Don’t be careless,will you
3.祈使句若是以let开头的句子,表示“建议”(包括说话人和听话人双方)时,疑问部分用shall we;表示“请求”(不包括听话人)时,疑问部分用will you。如:
Lets go home now,shall we
Let us help you,will you
(十九)陈述部分用neither…nor,not only…but also等连接主语时,疑问部分的主语应用复数。例如:
Neither you nor I can do it,can we
(二十)有时候陈述部分的主语是I,当疑问部分用来征求对方的意见时,其主语常用you,这时附加疑问部分实际上等于另外一个句子,相当于what/how about you /what do you think 。例如:
I find English very interesting,don’t you (=What about you )
I don’t think John will come today,do you (=What do you think )
(二十一)陈述部分是并列句时,疑问部分常对后一个句子进行反问。例如:
He is a teacher and he has taught English for fifteen years,hasn’t he
(二十二) 陈述部分是复合句时,疑问部分常对后主句进行反问。例如:
She didn’t line in Hangzhou when she was young,did she
He said that Mary had joined the League,didn’t he
[注意]1. 在回答否定主句的反意疑问句时,否定回答要用“No+否定短句”;肯定回答要用“Yes+肯定短句”,二者不可混用。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。例如:
“She hasn’t got up,has she ” 她还没有起床,是吗?
“Yes,she has.”不,她已经起来了。
(“No,she hasn’t”是的,她还没起来。)
2.普通的祈使句的主语往往不表现出来,但中学英语教材中却出现了两个带主语的祈使句。这两个句子是:“Well then,you catch that monkey and give me his heart to eat.”/“You wait and see.”(注意:这种句子的主语与谓语动词都要重读。)1999年高考也考了一道带主语的祈使句的反意疑问句用法。那么祈使句何时带主语呢
①当说话人必须指明不同的事要求不同的人去做时。如:
You clean the windows,and you(another man)mop the floor.
你擦窗户,你(指另一个人)拖地板。
You go over there and sit next to Tom,while he and I stay here.
你到那里坐在汤姆旁边,我和他留在这里。
②当说话人强调主语或上级对下级,长者对年青人或小孩讲话时,如:
You take care when you cross the road.你过马路时要小心。
You speak first.你先讲。
You listen to me.你听我说。
You be careful.你要仔细点。
③当祈使句以Don't开头又要加重语气时。如:
Don’t you dare to cause any more trouble.你敢再捣乱。
Don’t you be late again next time.你下次不要再来晚了。
④当祈使句的主语是someone,somebody,everyone,everybody等泛指第三人称时。如:
Someone open that window.来个人把那扇窗户打开。
Everybody be here at7:30. 大家7:30到这里。
⑤当说话人有急躁或厌烦等情绪时。如:
You do it right away.你立刻做这件事
You mind your own business,and leave this to me.
你别管闭事,把此事留给我好了。
⑥当祈使句谓语部分有副词up,down,in,out,off,away等,且这些副词置于句首时。如:
In you jump! 你跳进去吧!
Out you come。请你出来。
由此可见,上面提到的那两句当属于第二种情况。