新概念英语语法笔记：词法规则（PDF版有答案）

时态篇之——一般现在时
语法解析
时态
一般现在时和现在进行时
一般现在时
表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作 (有时间规律发生的事件)的一种时间状态。
1
一般动词的现在时
The twin sisters go to school by car.
The twin sisters __________ go to school by car.
Sam has dinner at home.
Sam __________ ______ dinner at home.
2
I visit my grandma on Saturdays.
________ visit _____ grandma on Saturday
Yes，_______./No, _______.
He comes from China.
______ he _______from China
Yes，_______./No, _______.
答语原则： 助动词问助动词答 be动词问 be动词答
3
实战演练
1．She _____ to school from Monday to Friday.
A．go B．goes C．going
2．Lily _____ like PE.
A．don’t B．isn’t C．doesn’t
3．The children often _____ TV in the evening.
A．watches B．watch C．watching
4．The girl_____our English on Sundays.
A．teach B．teaching C．teaches
5．_____ your father read books every day
A．Do B．Does C．Has
6．Hurry up! It’s time to leave.
A．Ok, I come. B．Ok, I comes. C．Ok, I’m coming.
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时态篇之——现在进行时
1
现在进行时的否定句
直接在 be 动词后加 not
I am ______ doing my homework.
He is watching TV. ________________
Mum is cooking in the kitchen.___________________
Tony is swimming.______________________
现在进行时的一般疑问句
be 动词提到主语的前方，句尾加问号
回答 Yes, 主语＋be./No, 主语＋be not.
I am eating an ice cream.
Are you eating an ice cream Yes, I am./No, I am not.
He is playing with a snake.________________________
Yes, _________/ No,____________
We are having a party. _________________________
Yes, _________/ No,____________
They are looking for their dog. ____________________
Yes, _________/ No,____________
具体用法
1)表示现在正在进行中的动作
Angelina is _______________ now.
2)表示最近的或有计划的将来即将发生的动作，此法常用于某些动词
如：come, go, start, leave, arrive等
来去动词或者来往动词
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
My mother is coming to see me this afternoon.
注意 某些词不用于进行时中
1)表示感官的动词 see hear 等
2)表示感情的动词 love like hate等
3)其他 have know等
因为这些动作是持续不间断的词故不可用进行时
I’m seeing the bird in the tree.( )
I’m looking at the bird in the tree.( )
实战演练
1．Hurry up! It’s time to leave.
A．Ok, I come. B．Ok, I comes. C．Ok, I’m coming.
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2．Don’t turn on the TV. Grandma _____ now.
A．is sleeping B．sleeps C．is sleep
3．Tom _____ noodles in the kitchen.
A．makes B．is making C．is makeing
4．Lina _____ her homework in the classroom now.
A．do B．is doing C．is doesing
5．He _____ his hand to her .
A．waves B．is waveing C．is waving
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时态篇之——一般过去式
语法解析
实战演练
现在时 My mother is a teacher.
过去时 My mother_____ a teacher last year.
现在时 I am a student.
过去时 I _____ a student ten years ago.
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2
过去时的肯定句 主语＋过去式动词＋其他
I walk to school every day.
I ______ to school yesterday.
Mother goes to a supermarket every day.
Mother ______ to a supermarket yesterday.
主语为第三人称单数时动词的过去式不需要加 s
否定句 He_____watch TV last night.
I went to the park yesterday.
否定句 I _____go to the park yesterday.
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疑问句 ______ his friends______ to that movie last night
Linda wrote a letter to Dan.
疑问句 ______ Linda ______ a letter to Dan
答句 Yes, she did./No, she didn’t.
具体用法
表示过去的动作或状态
I bought a bike yeaterday.
I was a student last year.
【实战演练】
1．There ______no hospital here ten years ago.
A．is B．was C．were
2．They ______English last night.
A．read B．was reading C．Readed
3．I _____ go to school yesterday because I ____ ill.
A．don’t am
B．doesn’t was
C．didn’t was
4．Be quiet！The baby _______.
A．sleeps B．is sleeping C．sleep
5．He ______to school on foot every day.
A．go B．went C．Goes
6．______your parents at home last Friday
A．Are B．Is C．Were
7．I _____my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.
A．had B．am having C．was having
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时态篇之——过去进行时
语法解析
实战演练
时间副词 at that time at this time＋过去时间
时间点＋过去的时间 过去的时间段
I was playing the piano at that time.
My mother was cooking at this time on Sunday evening.
We were having a party at eight o’clock last night.
Grandpa was reading a newspaper the whole morning the day before yesterday.
过去进行时的肯定句
We were playing football at five yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午五点我正在画画。
__________________________________
昨天下午五点他正在看书。
__________________________________
昨天下午五点她正在放风筝。
__________________________________
过去进行时的否定句
直接在 be 动词后加 not
I was drawing a picture the whole morning on Monday.
I __________ drawing a picture at eight o’clock on Monday morning.
He was reading a book at eight o’clock last night.
He __________reading a book at eight o’clock last night.
She was flying a kite at four o’clock yesterday afternoon.
She__________ flying a kite at four o’clock yesterday afternoon.
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过去进行时的一般疑问句
be 动词放到主语前面句尾加问号
回答 Yes,主语＋be 动词的过去式/No,主语＋be 动词的过去式＋not
I was drawing a picture at eight o’clock on Monday morning.
__________drawing a picture at eight o’clock on Monday morning？
Yes, ________./No,_________
He was reading a book at eight o’clock last night.
__________ reading a book at eight o’clock last night
Yes, ________./No,________
She was flying a kite at four o’clock yesterday afternoon.
_________ flying a kite at four o’clock yesterday afternoon
Yes, ________./No,_________
具体用法
表示过去某一个时间点正在进行的动作
例如 We were playing chess when the doorbell rang.
Lily was taking a bath when we came.
表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作
Whenever I visited him, he was watching TV.
In those days, we were getting up at six o’clock.
I was doing my homework when the doorbell rang.
I was doing my work while my sister was watching TV.
when后面跟上时间点 while 后面跟上时间段
【实战演练】
1．We were waiting for the bus_____ a girl was running up to us.
A．and B．while C．when
2．I was answering the phone _____ Tony came in.
A．when B．but C．While
3．She ______ her dress the whole afternoon.
A．was making B．made C．is making
4．Nina ______ lunch when I got to their house.
A．was having B．were having C．is having
5．He_______ his father on the farm the whole morning last Saturday.
A．was helped
B．is helping
C．was helping
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时态篇之——现在完成时
语法解析
过去分词的方法参照过去式 特殊情况特殊记需要注意
eat—ate—eaten / read—read—read
ride—rode—ridden /come—came—come
see—saw—seen /teach—taught—taught
take—took—taken / have—had—had
do—did—done /fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone /give—gave—given
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经验(曾经做过什么)
表示经验的时间副词
ever,never,often,once, twice,…times.等
你参观过博物馆吗？
Have you ever visited the museum
No, I never have./No, never.
时间副词在简答中要放在助动词的前面
我很喜欢那部电影，我都看过五次了
I really like that movie, because I have watched it five times.
现在完成时和过去时的区别
过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去
的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
Tom ate an ice cream yesterday.
Tom has eaten an ice cream.
have been to和 have gone to
have been to 去过
have gone to 去了
I have been to Beijing.
She has gone to Europe.
瞬间动词用现在完成时其后不可加一段时间
他爸爸去世已经十年了。
die v. (不可持续)
dead a. (可持续)
His father died ten years ago.
His father has been dead for ten years.
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实战演练
1．She has lived here_____ she was ten.
A．since B．for C．because
2．Both of them have been in Hongkong______ ten days.
A．in B．since C．for
3．His father _____ for ten years.
A．die B．died C．has been dead
4．Both his parents look sad .Maybe they______what's happened to him .
A．knew B．have known C．must know
5．He has _______ been to Shanghai.
A．already B．never C．ever
6．Have you met Mr Li ______？
A．just B．ago C．before
7．The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A．is writing B．was writing C．has written
8．Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A．was;studying B．has;studied C．are;studying
9．—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really When _____ there
A．did they go B．do they go C．have they gone
10．—______ you ___ your homework yet
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A．Did;do;finished
B．Have;done;finished
C．Have;done;have finished
11．Harry Potter is a very nice film.I______it twice .
A．see B．have seen C．saw
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时态篇之——过去完成时
语法解析
过去完成时的肯定句
构成 主语＋had＋过去分词 had用于各种人称
在他来之前我已经做完了我的作业。
I had finished my homework before he arrived.
我们到达操场的时候比赛已经开始了。
The game had already begun when we arrived at the playground.
过去完成时的否定句 主语＋had+not ＋过去分词
I had finished my homework before he arrived.
I _______finished my homework before he arrived.
The game had not begun when we arrived at the playground.
The game _______ begun when we arrived at the playground
过去完成时的一般疑问句 Had＋主语＋过去分词？
I had finished my homework before he arrived.
_______ finished your homework before he arrived
Yes, I had./No, I hadn’t.
过去完成时的用法
表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。
By nine o’clock, I had washed all my clothes.
She had cooked a big dinner before her husband arrived home.
表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
I had finished the housework when mum came back.
After I had finished my homework, mum came back.
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实战演练
1．By the time my mother arrived home, I _____ the dinner already.
A．cooked B．have cooked C．had cooked
2．She had written a book _____ the end of last year.
A．at B．by C．for
3．He ______ to play _____ before he was ten years old.
A．had learned, piano
B．has learned, the piano
C．had learned, the piano
4．She asked me _____ durning the summer holidays.
A．where I had been B．where I had gone C．where had I been
5．I ____ a exciting party last week.
A．have B．has C．had
6．She ____ an English book last night.
A．read B．readed C．has
7．Please be quiet we _____ to a beautiful song.
A．is listening B．are listen C．are listening
8．He ______ in factory for three years before he joined the army.
A．works B．has worked C．had worked
10．The man _____ his coat and went out.
A．put on B．puts on C．will put on
11．She and I _____ a walk together every day.
A．take B．took C．takes
12．Li hua_____like PE.
A．do not B．does C．does not
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时态篇之——一般将来时
语法解析
表示发生在将来的动作或者状态
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一般将来时的否定句
be not going to+动词原形+其它
I am ____ going to visit my uncle tomorrow.
He is ____ going to play football next Friday.
They are____ going to watch TV in two hours.
一般将来时的疑问句
be +主语 +going to+动词原形
I am going to visit my uncle tomorrow.
_______going to visit my uncle tomorrow
He is going to play football next Friday.
_______going to play football next Friday
They are going to watch TV in two hours.
_______going to watch TV in two hours
Yes,_______./No,_______.
一般将来时将肯定句
will+do/will be+adj
We will leave.
I will be free next year.
A: I can’t move this box.
B: I’ll do it for you.
will+not+动词原形+其它
I will change my mind.
I _______ change my mind.
I will leave.
I _______ leave.
She will have a meeting on Sunday.
She _______have a meeting on Sunday.
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一般将来时的一般疑问句
Will+主语+动词原形+其它+？
Students will go to school tomorrow.
__________ go to school tomorrow
I will go shopping next Saturday.
_________ go shopping next Saturday
Yes, _____./No, ______
Will you… 表示请求或邀约
表请求
Will you look after the baby for me
肯定回答：Sure./Ok./All right.
否定回答：No, I can’t./I’m sorry, I can’t.
表邀约
Will you have another cup of coffee
肯定回答：Yes, please.
否定回答： No, thank you.
1)一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。
They are going to have a birthday party.
I’ll go with you.
be going to:表示有计划的将要做某事，有某种迹象表明将要发生某事。
will：无计划的将要做某事，客观不可改变的将来
现在进行时表将来
如：come, go, start, leave, arrive等
来去动词或者来往动词
I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
My mother is coming to see me this afternoon.
I’m coming.
1．Charlie ________ here next month.
A．isn’t working B．isn’t going to working C．won’t work
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2．–________ you ________ free tomorrow
– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A．Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
C．Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
3．I ______（leave）in a minute.
4．我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
5．下个星期一你打算去干嘛？ 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday
I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday
I ________ play basketball.
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词法篇之——名词与冠词
名词的作用： 主语 宾语 表语
The pencil is in the pencil-case.
I did my homework yesterday.
I am a teacher.
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海螺支招
黑人
英雄爱吃西红柿土豆和芒果，爬火山，打蚊子。
negro; hero; tomato; potato; volcano; mosquito 后加 es
c. 以 f或 fe结尾时将 f或 fe变为 ves
海螺支招
妻子拿刀去宰狼
小偷吓得发了慌
躲在架后保己命
半片叶子遮目光
wife—wives knife—knives wolf—wolves
thief – thieves life—lives half—halves leaf—leaves
d.以辅音字母+y结尾时，变 y为 i加 es.
fly—flies baby—babies
apple tree;
hat store;
man doctor;
woman teacher
海螺支招
前不变后变，只有当一个词为 man;woman时则前后都变
apple trees;
hat stores ;
men doctors;
women teachers
2
Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese
Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen
American—Americans Indian—Indians
German—Germans
海螺支招
中日友好永不变，
英法联军 a变 e,
其他末尾加 s
a.不可数名词永远是为单数。
There is some water in the bottle.
b.不可数名词的量词永远可数。
a piece of…-- two pieces of …
a bottle of …-- three bottles of…
a kilo of …-- ten kilos of…
c.时间，金钱，距离，重量单位可数，但是整体视为单数
Three hours was a long time for me to fish my homework.
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有些单个字母也发元音音素，所以他们的前面也用 an
There is an “S” in the word “six”.
f;h;m;n;s;l;x;r
爸爸和妈妈能送来杏仁
独旧双方级乐序 姓形山河惯建筑 党团
独：独一无二 the sun
旧：再次提到 I saw a girl. The girl is beautiful.
双：双方都知道的
方：方位 the east
级：最高级 the tallest
乐：西洋乐器 play the piano
序：序数词 the first one
姓：the 加姓氏的复数 the Greens
形：the 加形容词 the young
山河：山河湖海 the Pacific Ocean
惯：习惯用法 in the morning
建筑：某些建筑 the Summer Palace
党团：党，社团 the football club the Communist Party
独一无二
a.天体；建筑 要加 the
The Great Wall The White House
b. 人名；地名；街道 不加 the
Jim； Shanghai； Changan street
最高级
a.句中有范围 要加 the 表“最”
Beijing is the most beautiful city in China.
b. 句中无范围 不加 the用 a表“很”
Beijing is a most beautiful city.
序数词
a.表“第几” 要加 the
This is the first time I have come here.
b.表“下一个，又一个”不加 the用 a
May I have a second try
乐器
a.西洋乐器 要加 the
4
play the piano；play the guitar
b.传统乐器 不加 the
She likes playing erhu.
国家名
a.全称，缩写 要加 the
the United States of America the U.S.A.
b.简称 不加 the
America China
语言
a.后有 language 要加 the
I speak the English language.
b.后无 language 不加 the
I speak English.
1．There _________ on the wall, they are very beautiful.
A．is a photo
B．are some photos
C．are some photos
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2．That’s _____ art book.
A．a B．an C．the
3．The old lady wants _________.
A．a box of apple
B．three box of apples
C．three boxes of apples
4．In Britain______ are all painted red.
A．letter boxes
B．letters box
C．letters boxes
5．The boy has got _______ already.
A．a bread
B．two bread
C．two pieces of bread
6．After _____supper, he stayed at home and played_____piano.
A．a / B．the the C．/ the
7． _____ Summer Palace is one of _____ most beautiful park in China.
A．The the B．The / C．/ the
8．_____ Greens go to England once ____ year.
A．/ a B．the the C．The a
9．_____ sun can’t be seen at _____night.
A．The the B．The / C．The a
10．Don’t give up, you may try for _____ third time.
A．the B．/ C．a
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词法篇之——形容词与副词
语法解析
作用：形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语，补语。
She is a good student, and she works hard.
His bike is expensive.
The people often help the poor living in the country.
This clown makes me happy.
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2
3
4
1．The Huang River is the second __________ river in our country.
A．long B．longest C．the longest
2．You must keep your eyes _________ when you do eye exercises.
A．close B．closed C．opened
3．What a _______ day it is! Let's go out for a walk.
A．windy B．lovely C．rainy
4．Mr Smith always has ________ to tell us.
A．some good pieces of news
B．some pieces of good news
C．some piece of good new
5．The cake smells ______. Please throw it away.
A．well B．badly C．bad D. well
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其他高频语法点梳理
疑问代词---what who which whose
疑问副词---when why how where
疑问形容词---what whose which
疑问词当主语 句型 疑问词＋动词…？
Who is cooking in the kitchen
What is there under your bed
疑问词当主语时视为单数，其后谓语动词为单数。
疑问词当表语 句型 疑问词＋be 动词＋主语？
Whose are these toys
Who is that tall boy
疑问词当宾语 句型 疑问词＋助动词＋主语＋动词？
Which do you want to take
What do you want to do
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When are you leaving China
Where do you come from ＝Where are you from
Why is he absent
How did you come here
Whose house is it
Which one do you like best
What time is it It’s eight one.
What day is it It’s Sunday.
What date is it It’s October 1st.
How old will you be next year I’ll be ten.
How tall are you I’m 168 cm.
How many apples do you eat
How much is the bag
How long will you stay in Beijing
How long is your ruler
How often do you play football
How far is it from Xidan to Wangfujing Street
整读法
顺读法
逆读法
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3
4
in on at
年月前面要用 in 日子前面却不行
某日星期要用 on 上午下午又用 in
遇到某日上下午 用 on换 in才能行
季节国家前用 in at用法特殊记 时间点前才能行
基数词---序数词
基数词
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty
twenty-one
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（who, where, when）
1．_____ is that pretty girl She is my sister.
2．_____ are Jack and Tom They are behind you.
3．_____ do you go to school I go to school from Monday to Friday.
1．What’s on the chair There is a book in the bag.
2．How is your father These are apples.
3．What are these I go to school by bus.
4．What is in the bag The radio is on the chair.
5．How do you go to school My father is fine.
6． How much is it I wash my face in the morning.
7．What time is it I have two hands.
8．When do you wash your face It is four o’clock.
9．How many hands do you have It is 5 RMB.
10．When do you have lunch I have lunch at noon.
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