8下Module 3 Journey to space 语法讲练（含答案）

外研版英语八（下）Module 3 Journey to space模块语法详解
现在完成时（2）
1. 现在完成时的“已完成”用法。
●当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。可分用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。
●just, already与yet用法辨析
①just 意为“刚刚，刚才”，用于现在完成时的肯定句中，一般位于助动词have/has之后，行为动词之前。
I have just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。
He has just started to explore other planets. 我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。
②already意为“已经，早已”，用于现在完成时的肯定句中，一般位于助动词have/has之后，行为动词之前；在疑问句中常用yet替换；already有时用于现在完成时的疑问句末，表示惊讶、 怀疑等语气。
Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。
Has she found her bike already 她已经找到自行车了？
③yet意为“还，尚，仍然”，常用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句，一般位于助动词have/has之后或句末。
The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。
Have you heard the news about the new film yet 你听说关于那部新电影的信息了吗？
●强调到现在为止的生活经历，常用never(从来不)，ever(曾经)，twice(两次)等作时间状语。
I have never seen her. 我从未见过她。
---- Have you ever been to London 你曾经去过伦敦吗？---- Yes, I’ve been there twice. 是的，我去过两次。
2. have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in的区别。
①have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示一种经历，含有“现在已经回来了”之意，后可接次数（如once, twice, three times等）意为“去过某地几次”，也可和just, never, ever等连用。如：
Have you ever been to Hong Kong 你曾经去过香港吗？(曾经去过，现在人不在哪儿)
He has already been to Shanghai twice. 他(已经)到/去过上海两次。(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)
②have(has) gone to意为“去了某地”，含有“在去某地的途中或到达某地还没有回来”之意，说话时该人不在现场，一般只用第三人称作主语。如：
Jim isn’t at school. He has gone to Beijing. 吉姆不在学校。他到北京去了。(已到北京，或在去北京的路上)
He has gone to Shanghai. 他已经去上海了。(也许刚动身出发，也许已经到了，也许还在路上，反正他人不在这里)
③have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。如：
She has been in our school for two days. 她在我们学校待了两天了。
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
3. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。
现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。如：
I have just been to London. I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。
I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。
在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：
A: Where have you put my book I can’t find it.你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到。
B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。
该对话中，当A 问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B 回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：
A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight 你今晚想和我去看电影吗？
B: Sorry, I have seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。
对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。
模块语法即学即练
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. ---- Have you decided to go there ---- No, I haven’t decided .
A. already B. just C. ever D. yet
( ) 2. You can’t buy anything now. The shop has closed.
A. ever B. yet C. already D. never
( ) 3. I already a letter to Mr. Li. What about you
A. was; writing B. have; written C. am; writing D. had; written
( ) 4. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he yet.
A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived
( ) 5. He’s China twice. He’s visited many interesting places there.
A. been to B. gone to C. going to D. going to go to
( ) 6. ---- Could I clean the bedroom for you ---- No, thanks. I it myself.
A. cleaned B. have cleaned C. was cleaning D. had cleaned
( ) 7. My uncle isn’t here. He Shanghai on business. He will be back in three days.
A. went B. has been to C. has gone to D. will go to
( ) 8. ---- Have you ever been to Tokyo ---- Yes. I there twice. It’s a modern city.
A. has gone B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
( ) 9. ---- Ben and Sue aren’t home, are they ---- No. They to London on business.
A. have gone B. go C. have been D. will go
( ) 10. ---- Hello, may I speak to Miss Wang ---- Sorry, she isn’t in. She the office.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away D. went to
( ) 11. ---- Will you please go to see the movie with me ---- Sorry, I won’t. I it already.
A. have seen B. saw C. see D. will see
( ) 12. ---- Long time no see! I think you a lot. ---- Yes. I used to be quiet, but now I’m out going.
A. will change B. were changing C. are changed D. have changed
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. ---- Shall I tell Tom the good news ---- No, you needn’t. I (tell) him already.
2. Qingdao is a beautiful city. He (visit) it with his family before.
3. ---- What do you think of the food ---- I (try) it. It’s very delicious!
4. ---- Is your father at home ---- No, I’m afraid he (go) out.
5. ---- Will you come and pick me up tomorrow morning ---- Yes, I (promise).
三、按要求完成句子。
1. She read the book last week. (用already改为现在完成时)
She already the book.
2. I have taken many photos of Mount Tai. (改为一般疑问句)
you many photos of Mount Tai
3. His elder sister has bought a big house. (改为否定句)
His elder sister a big house.
4. My cousin has been to Disneyland twice. (对划线部分提问)
has your been to Disneyland
5. I have waited for the bus for twenty minutes. (对划线部分提问)
have you waited for the bus
模块语法即学即练参考答案
一、单项选择。1—5 DCBDA 6—10 BCDAB 11—13 ADC
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. have told 2. has visited 3. have tried 4. has gone 5. have promised
三、按要求完成句子。1. has read 2. Have taken 3. hasn’t bought 4. How many times 5. How long