Module 4 Seeing the doctor语法讲练（含答案）

外研版英语八（下）Module 4 Seeing the doctor 模块语法详解
现在完成时（3）
1. 表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，可能刚刚结束，也可能继续下去。常与for 或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用，用how long提问，谓语动词用延续性动词。
---- How long have you lived here 你在这里住了多久了？
---- I have lived here for about ten years. 我在这里住了大约10年了。
We have been very busy since the new term began. 新学期开始以来，我们一直很忙。
【拓展】since的四种用法：
①since+过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。如：
I have been here since 1989. 从1989起，我一直在这儿。
②since+一段时间+ ago。如：
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。
③since+从句。如：
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。
④It is / It has been+一段时间+since从句。意为“自从……以来；已经……(时间)了”。主句的谓语动词用一般现在时或现在完成时；从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，而且须是终止性动词。如：
It’s / has been three months since he moved to this city. 他搬到这个城市已经三个月了。
⑤用于句型“一段时间+has passed since+时间状语从句”中，意为“自从……以来，……(时间)已经过去了”。 如：
Three months has passed since he moved to this city. 他搬到这个城市已经三个月了。
2. 延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换问题。
英语中有些动词，如come, go, begin, start, die, buy, borrow, sell等，被称为非延续性动词。非延续性动词又叫瞬间动词、短暂性动词或终止性动词。在现在完成时中，谓语动词是非延续性动词时，句子一般不可以用表示一段时间的状语，但是如果这种完成时句子用了否定形式，则可以用表示一段时间的状语。如果现在完成时句子的谓语是非延续性动词，句子又必须有表示一段时间的状语，那么非延续性动词要变成与之相应的延续性动词。非延续性动词变成延续性动词，通常要借助以下几种方式：
①将非延续性动词转化为“be+形容词、副词或介词”。
begin(start) → be on go there → be there
come back → be back come here →be here
open → be open close → be closed
die → be dead marry → be married
finish → be over go to bed → be in bed
leave→ be away return → be back
get out → be out fall asleep → be asleep
lose → be lost fall ill → be ill
join →be in/be a member of reach/arrive/get to →stay/be in
如：这家商店开门六个小时了。
The shop has opened for 6 hours. (×) The shop has been open for 6 hours. (√)
②有的非延续性动词可以转化为意思相同的延续性动词。
borrow → keep put on → wear/be on
become → be get to know → know
buy → have/own catch a cold → have a cold
receive → have get to sleep → sleep
如：那本书我借了一个月了。
I have borrowed that book for one month. (×) I have kept that book for one month. (√)
模块语法即学即练
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. My sister has learnt English .
A. for 12 years old B. Since she was 4 C. 12 years ago D. at the age of 4
( ) 2. ---- How long has Robert ---- Since 2004.
A. been to Beijing B. become a policeman C. joined the art club D. studied in this school
( ) 3. My grandparents in that city since 2008.
A. will live B. live C. have lived D. were living
( ) 4. ---- I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long. ---- Never mind. I here for only a few minutes.
A. came B. have been C. have come D. had come
( ) 5. Premier Zhou Enlai for many years, he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people.
A. has been dead B. was died C. has been died D. died
( ) 6. ---- How long have you a driver ---- For two years.
A. become B. became C. were D. been
( ) 7. We haven’t seen each other we school.
A. for; left B. for; leave C. since; left D. since; leave
( ) 8. He has ill for two days.
A. be B. been C. fallen D. /
( ) 9. He has studied here he came here.
A. since B. for C. at D. in
( ) 10. ---- How long the film The Grandmaster ---- For just several minutes.
A. did; begin B. has; begun C. has; been on D. have; been on
二、根据所给单词或汉语提示提示完成句子。
1. I (live) in this city since 2003.
2. She (learn) physics for 2 years.
3. The Green (move) to Paris in 2005.
4. The film (begin) a few minutes ago.
5. They (离开) from here for seven minutes.
三、按要求改写句子。
1. They have been in Beijing for ten years. (就划线部分提问)
they been in Beijing
2. They have been friends since they came to this school. (就划线部分提问)
they been in friends
3. The farmer has stayed in that village for 6 years. (改为同义句)
The farmer has stayed in that village .
4. They began to work two hours ago. (改为同义句) They two hours.
5. I bought this computer three years ago. (改为同义句)
I this computer three years ago.
四、改错。在句中找出错误之处，并在题后的横线上改正错误。
1. They have been to the UK for 8 years.
2. Wei Ming has joined the army since two weeks ago.
3. How long have you come back
4. My father has worked in Shanghai five years ago.
5. He has written the book since 2004 ago.
模块语法即学即练参考答案
一、单项选择。1—5 BDCBA 6—10 DCBAC
二、根据所给单词或汉语提示提示完成句子。
1. have lived 2. has learned/learnt 3. moved 4. began 5. have been away
三、按要求改写句子。
1. How long have 2. How long have 3. since 6 years ago 4. have worked for 5. have had; since
四、改错。在句中找出错误之处，并在题后的横线上改正错误。
1. to改为in 2. joined改为been in 3. come改为been 4. five前加since或去掉has 5. 去掉ago