8下Module 8 Time off 语法讲练（含答案）

外研版英语八（下）Module 8 Time off模块语法详解
that引导的宾语从句（1）
一、宾语从句的定义
在句中充当宾语的从句，我们称为“宾语从句”。它包括动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。根据引导词的不同，宾语从句又可分为that引导的宾语从句、whether/if引导的宾语从句和疑问词引导的宾语从句三种。本模块主要学习that引导的宾语从句。
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
Let me know whether he will come or not. 让我知道他是否会来。
Lily told me who finished the homework. 莉莉告诉我谁做完了作业。
二、that引导的宾语从句的构成：简单句+that+简单句。如：
We all know that trees can improve the air. 我们都知道树可以改善空气质量。
三、that在宾语从句中的作用及意义
that在宾语从句中只起到引导从句的作用，没有任何词汇意义，只具有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是作前面动词的宾语，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
He says (that) he is a Young Pioneer. 他说他是个少先队员。
I know (that) your mother is a manager. 我知道你妈是一位经理。
【拓展】引导词that在下列情况不可以省略
1. 从句的主语是that时，that不省略。如：
He says that that is a useful book. 他说那是一本有用的书。(that作从句主语)
We know that that is an interesting story. 我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。(that作从句主语)
2. 主从句之间有插入语时，that不能省略。如：
It says, on the card, that it is made in China. 卡片上说，它产于中国。(on the card是插入语)
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们呆在家里。(on the contrary是插入语)
3. 若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省去，其余须保留。如：
My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 我姑姑说她要来，还要带她的女儿来。
Tom said (that) the book was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much. 汤姆说那本书很有趣，他非常喜欢看。
4. 当动词后跟有复合结构宾语时，it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语，that不能省略。如：
I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5. that引导的宾语从句中若再有复合句时，that不能省略。如：
I think that if you have lost the library book, you must pay for it. 我认为如果你已把图书馆藏书丢失了，你就必须赔偿。
6. 当that引导的宾语从句作except, but, in等介词的宾语时，that不能省略，构成平行时常用的固定搭配，即in that在于/因为，but that要不是/若非，except that除了。如：
The book is unsatisfactory in that it lacks a good index. 这本书不令人满意，因为它缺乏一个好索引。
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. 他除了抽烟太多之外，没有什么特别的毛病。
7. 当作宾语的that从句位于句首时，that不能省略。如：That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我们队会赢。
8. 在较为正式，如add, agree, announce, argue, assume, complain, decide, hold, indicate, insist, intend, learn, object, promise, point out, remark, reply, suggest, state等词后，that不能省略。。如：
He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。// I agree that we should start at once. 我赞成我们立刻动身的看法。
9. that从句单独回答问题时，that不能省略。如：
---- What did he hear 他听说了什么事？---- That Kate had passed the exam. (他听说) 凯特考试及格了。
---- What did he say at the meeting 在会上他说了什么？---- That the situation is serious. (他说)情况严重。
10. 有间接宾语时，that不能省略。如：He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告诉我他要去日本。
四、何时使用that引导的宾语从句
1. 主句的谓语动词是表示肯定的概念，如believe, expect, explain, feel, forget, guess, hear, hope, imagine, know, prefer, promise, remember, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等时，其后面的宾语从句一般用that引导。如：
I hope (that) he will be fine soon. 我希望他很快好起来。
He said (that) he didn’t like music. 他说他不喜欢音乐。
I believe (that) we shall become good friends. 我相信我们会成为好朋友。
2. 主句由“连系动词+形容词”构成的“系表”结构，常接that引导的宾语从句。这类形容词多表示感情，如afraid, certain, glad, happy, pleased, sad, satisfied, sorry, sure, surprised等。如：
I’m afraid (that) he can’t come. 恐怕他不能来了。
We are all pleased (that) you can come. 你们能来我们都很高兴。
3. 介词的宾语从句。
（1）用wh-类的介词宾语从句。如：
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的。
（2）用that, if引导的介词宾语从句，有时候except, but, besides三个介词后可见到that引导宾语从句。如：
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知。
五、that引导的宾语从句的注意事项
1. 语序：不论什么情况下，宾语从句都要用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语+其他”。
I think (that) you will like the school soon. 我认为你将很快喜欢这所学校。
Do you think The radio is too noisy.（合并为宾语从句）→Do you think (that) the radio is too noisy 你认为收音机太吵吗？
2. 时态：
（1）that引导的宾语从句，如果主句的谓语动词是现在时态（包括一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或祈使句时，从句可根据意义需要选用任何一种时态。如：
He says that he is good at English. 他说他擅长英语。
He says that he has been ill for two days. 他说他已经病了两天了。
I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. 我不知道是否他明天回来。
Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morning. 小明想知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。
Do you know what he was doing at 9 o’clock yesterday evening 你知道昨天晚上九点钟他在干什么吗？
（2）that引导的宾语从句，如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时（包括一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时，过去在完成时），从句要用相对应的过去的时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。如：
He said (that) he bought a new dictionary. 他说他买了本新词典。
We asked what Jean was doing then. 我们问Jean那时正在做什么。
（3）that引导的宾语从句，如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等，尽管主句用一般过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。如：
He said that the sun rises in the east. 他说太阳从东方升起。
Polly said no news is good news. 波利说没有消息就是好消息。
He told me that his father is an English teacher. 他告诉我他父亲是一位英语老师。
The mother told his son that two and three is five. 母亲告诉她的儿子二加三等于五。
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 老师告诉我们，光比声音传播得快。
We all knew that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 我们都知道患难的朋友才是真正的朋友。
The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 is Christmas Day. 老师昨天告诉我们十二月二十五日是圣诞节。
3. 宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句的谓语动词是think, guess, believe, suppose等词时，且主句主语为第一人称，若后面的宾语从句要表示否定概念时，一般将否定词not转移到主句的谓语中，这种现象叫“否定转移”。如：
I believe he will come.（变否定句）→I don’t believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。
I think chicken can swim.（变否定句）→I don’t think chicken can swim. 我认为鸡不会游泳。
模块语法即学即练
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. We were very glad so many students attended the meeting.
A. who B. that C. what D. why
( ) 2. A girl that she found a job as a foreign language teacher.
A. say B. says C. said D. saying
( ) 3. He said that light much faster than sound.
A. went B. travels C. travelled D. has travelled
( ) 4. My parents English is difficult.
A. want that B. ask that C. think that D. tell that
( ) 5. She says that she to Qingdao.
A. isn’t B. wasn’t C. will not D. has never been
( ) 6. His parents found to tell him everything that had happened.
A. it necessary B. that necessary C. is necessary D. necessary
( ) 7. The weather forecast says that another storm tomorrow.
A. there will be B. there has C. there has been D. there will have
( ) 8. We hope we can take a week off.
A. / B. that C. when D. both A and B
( ) 9. He didn’t believe you become my friend.
A. will B. can C. could D. may
( ) 10. My mother told me the earth round when I was young.
A. is B. was C. can be D. were
( ) 12. He said he three English songs since he came here.
A. learned B. had learned C. would learn D. has learned
( ) 12. Mr. White hoped he China the next year.
A. visited B. will visit C. visit D. would visit
( ) 13. Her brother said that he the club in 2010.
A. has joined B. joined C. join D. joins
( ) 14. They told the children that summer after spring.
A. comes B. come C. came D. has come
( ) 15. I don’t think what he said is right.
A. that B. what C. whether D. when
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. He says he (be) born in Guilin.
2. Tom says he (go) there last night.
3. He told me there (be) twelve months in a year.
4. She hears that we (have) an English test next week.
5. Mr. Liu said that he (leave) the message on the headmaster’s desk.
三、把下列句子变成宾语从句。
1. He is sure to come. I think. →I think sure to come.
2. Tom will work hard. Tom said. →Tom said work hard.
3. These bananas are from Hainan. He said. →He said these bananas from Hainan.
4. Light travels faster than sound. Mr. Li told me. →Mr. Li told me light faster than sound.
5. The earth goes round the sun. The teacher said. → The teacher said the earth ______ round the sun.
新外研版英语八（下）Module 8 Time off
模块语法即学即练
一、单项选择。1—5 BCACD 6—10 ABDCA 11—15BDBAC
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1. was 2. went 3. Are 4. will have/are going to have 5. left
三、把下列句子变成宾语从句。1. he is 2. he would 3. that; were 4. that; travels 5. that; goes