辽宁省部分地区2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语汇编：阅读理解（含答案）

辽宁省部分市
2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题解析版汇编
阅读理解
辽宁省大连市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
BEIING-Ahead of China’s Youth Day, President Xi Jinping wrote back to a youth team working on space station construction, encouraging them to contribute more to the exploration of space and advance space science and technology through innovation.
The following are some highlights of Xi’s remarks on space exploration.
Nov.6,2018
In a congratulatory letter to the the12th China International Aviation（航空）and Aerospace Exhibition, Xi said the exhibition demonstrated China’s great achievement in space explorations and expressed his belief that the exhibition would greatly boost the development of global aerospace technology and promote international exchanges and cooperation.
May15, 2021
In a congratulatory message on the successful landing of China’s first probe on Mars, Tianwen-1,Xi said, “The landing left a Chinese mark on Mars for the first time. It is another landmark progress in China’s space industry development.”
Sept.16, 2021
In a congratulatory letter to the First International Summit on BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS) Applications, Xi said China is willing to share the achievements of the BDS with all sides and make the BDS better serve the world and benefit humankind.
April 12, 2022
When inspecting the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site, Xi spoke highly of a series of key space missions launched from the site, including the launching of the space station core module Tianhe, the Chang’e-5 lunar mission, and the Tianwen-1 Mars probe. He extended greetings to all the staff stationed at the site and asked them to shoulder their responsibility and make new breakthroughs.
1. How should space science and technology be advanced according to President Xi
A. By working hard. B. By innovating.
C. Through cooperation. D. Through exploration.
2. When did Xi offer congratulations on China’s first landing on Mars
A. OnNov6, 2018. B. OnMay15, 2021.
C. On Sept 16, 2021. D. On April 12, 2022.
3. What message do all Xi’s remarks have in common
A. Space exploration needs global cooperation.
B. Outer space is the common wealth of humanity.
C. China attains great success in space exploration
D. Great achievements should be shared globally.
B
There was a strange stillness. Where had the birds gone I was a spring without bird voices. Only silence lay over the fields and woods...
Rachel Carson was a scientist, but these lines from her 1962 book Siln Spring show her talent as writer. By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to warn the scientific community and the general public of the damaging effects of human activity on ecosystems-in particular, of the harmful use of pesticides（杀虫剂）,such as DDT. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing ham to plants, animals and even humans, and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way.
Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies, which proves some progirammes did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve. And the 50or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.
Carson’s message has caused a great increase in environmental awareness: the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)was established in the US. Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of green movement in the Western world.
Silent Spring was not, however, received positively by everyone. Though supported by most scientists, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry. They said Carson did not understand the science because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist. Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific. These were attempts to damage Carson’s reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy, but she remained determined to stand by her research.
Personally, I enjoyed Carson’s book. Today, more than 50 years after it was published, the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.
4. Why did Carson describe a world without birds
A. To create a poetic atmosphere.
B. To show Carson’s talent as a writer.
C. To raise environmental awareness.
D. To arouse readers’ interest in science.
5. What do we know about Carson
A. She is a committed scientist. B. She is an uninfluential biologist.
C. She is a well-recognized chemist. D. She is a productive writer.
6. What was the possible reason why Carson’s book became a target for critics
A. She couldn’t control her emotion. B. She went against science.
C. She lacked scientific spirit. D. She threatened their profit.
7. What is the text
A. A book review. B. A news journal.
C. A research article. D. A personal profile.
C
It shouldn’t come as news to anyone that the planet is suffering a climate emergency. And the fashion industry certainly plays its part in this. In 2020, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) calculated that the fashion industry produces ten per cent of annual global carbon dioxide emission and is estimated to use around 1.5 trillion litres of water every year. The industry’s environmental impact is greatly worsened by fast fashion which releases hundreds of new styles every week, leading to overproduction and overconsumption. But how do we solve this issue One answer lies in the new generation of made-to-order brands making their way into the mainstream.
These brands make clothes only as and when they’re ordered. It’s a far more sustainable approach, and because there’s no overproduction, less unwanted stock（库存）ends up in landfills. It also promotes a slower fashion model, with pieces taking between three weeks and three months to arrive once purchased. Its focus is on creating special, well-made pieces for consumers to treasure for years to come.
MaisonCléo is such a clothing company, taking limited orders each week which are then handmade and delivered in approximately three weeks. And it advocates for fair and reasonable pricing. Thus it attracts loyal customer bases with their social and environmental responsibility, perfect craftsmanship and evergreen styles.
With made-to-order brands rapidly growing in popularity, it begs the question-could this be the start of a new, environmentally responsible era I hope so. With overproduction and overconsumption fueling a real climate crisis, the made-to-order clothing could be the future of fashion our planet badly needs.
8. Which is the problem with fast fashion
A. It slows economic growth.
B. It pollutes water resources.
C. It results in overpopulation.
D. It causes overconsumption.
9. What do we know about the products of made-to-order brands
A. They promise high quality. B. They are delivered fast.
C. They end up in landfills. D. They are produced in quantity.
10 Why does the author mention “MaisonCléo” in paragraph 3
A. To explain a rule. B. To present an example.
C. To list a fact. D. To give an exception.
11. What is the suitable title of the passage
A. Climate Crisis and Fast Fashion
B. The Development of Made-To-Order Brands
C. Could Made-To-Order be the Future of Fashion
D. How to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions
D
Mariana Bechtel isn’t exactly someone who avoids stress. Throughout her, she has pursued high-pressure management jobs: “I’m hard core,” says the 44-yearold wife and mother of two. “I wanted to be on top at work, and I wanted to be a great mom” –one who could attend baseball games, drive and help with homework even after an hour-long commute （通勤）on workdays, more often than not, with a5 a.m. marathon-training run.
However, after months of losing sleep, dropping weight and feeling pushed to lose her mind, Mariana Bechtel decided she had to address her stress-and turn it to her advantage. The new job she recently switched to still has its share of pressure, but with more support from her boss and more flexibility in her schedule, she says she feels great.
Contrary to popular belief, stress doesn’t have to be a soul-sucking, health-damaging force. But few people know how to transform their stress into the positive kind that helps them reach their goals.
A recent research confirms that gaining control over job demands, doing work with meaning and purpose and enjoying support and encouragement from co-workers are all linked to beneficial stress. Simply changing attitudes and expectations about stress-through coaching, training or peer-support groups-can also develop the constructive kind of stress.
“Stress is paradoxical,” says Alia Crum, a research scholar. “On one hand, it can be the thing that hurts us most. On the other, it’s fundamental to psychological and physical growth. The attitude that we view and approach stress will shift the outcome.”
12. What is Mariana Bechtel’s new job like
A. It is health-damaging.
B. It is physically demanding.
C. It has little stress.
D. It has flexible worktime.
13. What does the author want to show by telling the story of Mariana Bechtel
A. Stress can be turned beneficial.
B. Too much stress is harmful to health.
C. It’s hard to balance work and family.
D. Every job has its own advantage.
14. How can we make stress to our advantage according to the recent research
A. By refusing the boss’s demands
B. By taking up a meaningful job.
C. By supporting co-workers.
D. By sticking to our attitude to stress.
15. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean
A. Stress has far-reaching effects. B. Stress has several disadvantages.
C. Stress has two opposite features. D. Stress is not necessary at all.
辽宁省丹东市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末教学质量监测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Learn to read in just weeks with Reading Eggs!
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√ Used in over 12,000 schools worldwide (and counting!)
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Why Children Love Reading Eggs
√ 120 lessons, thousands of interactive activities, motivating rewards and songs
√ Makes reading fun — kids want to learn
√ One on one lessons to match your child’s ability
√ Detailed assessment reports to show and recognise progress
*This age range will vary depending on whether the student is Native English speaking or English is a second language.
Our programs
Your subscription will give you access to all our award winning programs. Click on an image below to learn more about each program.
Reading Eggs Ages 3-9 Learning to Read
Children follow structured, one on one lessons that teach phonics, sight words and reading skills.
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Older children can continue building key literacy skills that will help them succeed in school.
Mathseeds Ages 3-11 Learning Maths
Nurture an early love of maths with structured lessons and activities that build essential maths skills.
1. What is the purpose of Reading Eggs
A. To improve the reading ability of adults.
B. To give kids access to all award-winning programs.
C. To make children follow structured, one on one lessons.
D. To make kids and teenagers interested in learning to read.
2. What is the confirmed benefit since taking Reading Eggs
A. Detailed assessment reports can guarantee progress.
B. 12,000 schools in the country have used the program.
C. Most parents saw a rise in their child’s reading ability.
D. The program costs too much but it is worth every penny.
3. Which program will you choose if you have a 13-year-old son
A. Proven Reading. B. Mathseeds. C. Reading Eggspress. D. Reading Eggs.
B
This is the incredible moment: a crafty penguin escaped a group of hungry killer whales by LEAPING into a Zodiac boat (橡皮艇) full of tourists—to joyful applause.
The witty creature was caught on camera repeatedly jumping out of the water in a dramatic chase that circled the tour boat before it managed to flung itself aboard and stood proudly surrounded by the beaming holidaymakers.
Travel blogger Matt Karsten and his wife Anna were taking a tour through icebergs in the Gerlache Strait Antarctica, when a large group of orcas (虎鲸) swam up to their Zodiac boat.
The apex predators (顶级掠食者) spotted a Gentoo penguin swimming nearby and, sensing a quick snack, gave chase after the lonely bird, darting between the tourist boats as their would-be-victim tried to give them the slip.
Heart-stopping footage shows the penguin repeatedly jumping out of the icy water with the killer whales in close pursuit as the hunt does loops around the boats.
Suddenly the penguin makes a bid to get into one of the boats but lands just short and instead bounces off the side of the vessel and back into the sea.
Mere seconds later, the penguin successfully makes it over the rim of the boat and is helped aboard by the tourists—to cheers from the crowd.
Matt, 40, said: “It was crazy to see in person. It was like watching a National Geographic episode on location. I imagine the penguin was very relieved to get away.”
“The orcas did follow the Zodiac boat for a while. They did give up in the end leaving the penguin safe with his new friends.”
“After cruising for a little bit, the penguin said goodbye to the boat and hopped back into the icy water.”
4. Which of the following can best describe this penguin
A. Cute and kind. B. Lovely and friendly.
C. Clever and brave. D. Aggressive and fierce.
5. What does the underlined word “would-be-victim” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. The orcas. B. The boat. C. The tourists. D. The penguin.
6. What can we infer from Matt’s words
A. Killer whales are a group of fierce animals.
B. Human beings should live in harmony with animals.
C. Penguins are always playing chasing games with humans.
D. Matt was impressed with the penguin’s incredible survival.
7. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. A Penguin and Killer Whales.
B. A National Geographic Episode.
C. Penguin Jumps into Boat to Escape Killer Whales.
D. A Game between Penguin and Tourists on a Boat.
C
Weekly Update: June 21, 2022
Decades ago, the legendary Apollo 11, 15, and 17 missions took on the daring attempt of bringing moon soil back to Earth for study. The Apollo Next Generation Sample Analysis (ANGSA) Program has been studying these samples carried back by the Apollo missions. And recently, researchers from the University of Florida have been able to successfully grow plants in this soil!
For the experiment, researchers planted seeds of a flowering weed called Arabidopsis (拟南芥) in lunar soil. Arabidopsis is a plant closely related to some more commonly known plants like Brussels sprouts (抱子甘蓝). Researchers began by placing very small samples of lunar soil into tubelike containers, then added seeds and water. A control group of Arabidopsis was planted at the same time but was grown in soil consisting of volcanic ash from Earth. Scientists then added a nutrient solution daily to the samples and carefully observed for any signs of change or growth.
To the researchers’ surprise, within two days, the plants began to grow in the lunar soil! By the 6th day of the experiment, though, it became clear that there were differences in the rate of growth of the plants. Arabidopsis grown in lunar soil developed more slowly and grew to sizes relatively smaller than Arabidopsis in the control group. They also had more shallow roots and exhibited qualities that are normally not found in healthy plants.
Even if plants must work extra hard to sustain growth on the moon, their ability to take root and flower at all is truly remarkable. Scientists plan to continue researching plant growth in lunar soil by changing plant genes.
This newfound discovery poses a major step in NASA’s human exploration goals. It could be a key turning point in unlocking future agricultural innovations and improving food accessibility for astronauts in deep space.
8. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A. The process of the experiment.
B. The principles behind the experiment.
C. The potential benefits of the experiment.
D. The conclusion drawn from the experiment.
9. Which of the following is the result of the experiment
A. Arabidopsis is closely related to Brussels sprouts.
B. Arabidopsis can grow in lunar soil at an increasing rate.
C. Arabidopsis grown in lunar soil is unhealthy for people to eat.
D. Arabidopsis grown in lunar soil is smaller than that in volcanic ash.
10. What is the author’s attitude to the newfound discovery
A. Passive. B. Optimistic. C. Defensive. D. Casual.
11. Where is the text most likely from
A. A science report. B. A science fiction.
C. A science website. D. A science textbook.
D
The European Commission has recently proposed classifying nuclear and natural gas as sustainable sources of energy. The proposal will place the sources on the EU’s “green” list. However, the proposal has already divided member countries.
France, Hungary, Poland, and Romania have supported the proposal as a stepping stone to clean energy. Much of Eastern and Central Europe still depends on fossil fuels like coal for energy. While renewable energy sources like the wind and sun have become more affordable, technology has not advanced enough to store power for long periods of time. Therefore, an immediate transition (转变) might not be possible for Europe.
Proponents of the proposal agree that natural gas is still a fossil fuel. Nevertheless, it emits less carbon dioxide than coal and could serve as a more sustainable alternative during the transition to greener energy sources. Nuclear energy plants are another promising energy source and release water vapor instead of carbon dioxide as a by-product. Because of this, proponents view nuclear and natural gas as “bridge” sources that can pave the way to a low-carbon future.
Other European member states are opposing the proposal for a number of reasons. Under the proposal, gas power plants labeled “sustainable” could emit 270g worth of CO2 for each kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity they produce. A panel of experts has criticized these guidelines, recommending that only 100g of CO2 per kWh could be considered sustainable.
Spain, Denmark, and Luxembourg have charged that the proposal would distract from renewable energy goals. Germany, a long-time opponent, has questioned about including nuclear power in the list. Nuclear power plants may be low-carbon, but the storage of nuclear waste continues to be an issue. It is also costly to construct them and would use up financial resources that could be invested in other renewable energies.
12. What can we know about the proposal put forward by the European Commission recently
A. It divides sustainable sources of energy into two categories.
B. It has been copied by many other international organizations.
C. It aims to put nuclear and natural gas on the EU’s “green” list.
D. It is supported by all the countries in Eastern and Central Europe.
13. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “proponents”
A. Objectors. B. Advocates. C. Competitors. D. Representatives.
14. Why does Germany disapprove of the proposal
A. Because nuclear waste is harmful to people.
B. Because nuclear energy is not sustainable energy.
C. Because the proposal will distract from other goals.
D. Because it is expensive to build nuclear power plants.
15. What is the passage mainly about
A. The transition from wind and sun power.
B. The advances in the technology of storing power.
C. The debate over a proposal on renewable energy.
D. The regulations of the European commission.
辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Ultimate Drivers
Most people above 16 years old have a strong wish that they should drive on the road by themselves. Thus getting a license is an exciting time in their life. Ultimate Drivers is there to help your teen learn the rules of the road and gain crucial driving experience.
What We Offer
Ultimate Drivers’Program will help students prepare for their road test and give them the skills they need to become lifelong safe and defensive drivers.
The beginner program offers 20 hours of in-class training, 12 hours of homework assignments and 8 hours of in-car training. Each in-class training lasts 120 minutes and each one-on-one in-car training 80 minutes. What’s more, students can be picked up for free from home, work or school.
What You Need Know
Students can complete the classroom part of the course in just two weekends or if it better suits their schedules, they can take it during the evenings on weekdays. There are also classes offered during the holiday break.
Students can start taking the classroom part of the driving training without the G1 license, but do need it by the time they’re ready to start the in-car driving lessons.
What Extra Benefits Are
The beginner drivers can gain much through the program. After that they’ll receive student testimonials（证明书）. The testimonials show teenagers who have taken the course feel more confident in their abilities and many believe they couldn’t have passed the road test without it.
Sign up before April fifth, and students can also get an insurance discount!
1. How many times does the program offer in-class training
A 20. B. 12.
C 10. D. 8
2. What do students need to do to have in-car driving lessons
A. Get the G1 license. B. Finish the classroom part.
C. Take out insurance. D. Receive a student testimonial.
3. What type of writing is the text
A. A review. B. An advertisement.
C. A guide. D. An announcement.
B
Traveling on an airplane can be a very tiring task even in the best of circumstances, which is why when Sophie Murphy boarded a recent flight from Sydney to Melbourne and noticed an “awful tension” in the cabin, she first thought it was caused by typical bad-tempered passengers. But as the flight neared its end, it became obvious that something was very wrong.
A teenage boy with Down syndrome (唐氏综合征) who was traveling with his family had become upset and would not return to his seat, regardless of the cabin crew’s warnings over the loudspeaker that it was almost time to land. The pilot was forced to circle above the airport, delaying the landing—and angering people on the already tense flight.
“If it were a cartoon,” remembered Murphy, “there would have been smoke coming out of people’s ears.”
As the boy’s elderly parents and adult brothers and sisters tried to persuade him to get off the floor and back into his seat, but in vain, Murphy, 42 — who had been a teacher for more than 20 years — stood up and quickly headed to the back of the plane.
She found the boy in the passage between rows of seats, lying on his belly, and lay down on her stomach to face him. She began chatting calmly with him, asking his name, his favorite book, and his favorite characters. He told her he felt sick and she tried to comfort him.
Minutes later, he allowed her to hold his hand—and then together they got properly back into airplane seats. Murphy asked for sick bags, and held them as the boy threw up several times, including on her. As she helped him clean up, she repeatedly told him everything would be okay and that they’d get through it together.
After the plane was finally able to land, no one was impatient to step off the flight as one might expect. Instead, calmed passengers—obviously following Murphy’s amazing example — allowed the boy and his family to depart first, smiling at them as they passed. His parents tearfully thanked Murphy for what she had done, and a doctor sitting nearby also let her know he had even taken notes on her expert way of handling the situation.
4. How did Murphy manage to handle the “awful tension”
A. She communicated with the boy.
B. She fought against unfair treatment.
C. She asked an experienced doctor to help.
D. She called on other passengers to join her.
5. The landing was delayed because ________.
A. a family ignored the warnings
B. a boy refused to sit in his seat
C. smoke was coming out of the engine
D. the pilot was forced to change the destination
6. What changed the angry passengers’ attitude at last
A. The boy’s improvement. B. The plane’s safe landing.
C. The teacher’s efforts. D. The crew’s behavior.
7. Which of the following words can best describe Murphy
A. Kind and cool-headed. B. Patient and interested.
C. Wise and cooperative. D. Generous and cautious.
C
Scientists in Australia have discovered that they can use the world’s smelliest fruits to make devices that could power electric cars. A durian is a fruit that looks like a pineapple. It is a delicacy in some Asian countries, but its smell is so unpleasant that some of those countries have banned it from public places. Its smell has been compared to rotting eggs and even smelly old gym socks.
Vincent Gomes and his colleagues at the University of Sydney, in Australia, used a durian and a jackfruit — another fruit known for its terrible smell — to make energy storing devices called supercapacitors.
Supercapacitors are an alternative to batteries. They can’t store as much energy as a normal battery does, but they are much quicker to recharge. Durians and jackfruits contain some of the chemicals used in supercapacitors, which gave Gomes the idea. To make the fruit-based devices, the team heated and then freeze-dried the uneatable cores of the durian and jackfruit to make a special kind of material called an aerogel.
Aerogels are one of the world’s lightest solid materials. Often called “frozen smoke”, they are made by removing the liquid from a gel and replacing it with air. They have many scientific uses, but one of their special properties is the ability to conduct electric currents, which makes them an important part of supercapacitors. The aerogels made from durian and jackfruit both worked well when placed inside a supereapacitor, although the durian aerogel was found to be the better of the two.
The discovery is important because the materials currently used to make supercapacitors are expensive. Using natural foods like durians and jackfruits Gomes says, could reduce environmental pollution, as well as costs.
8. What makes some countries have different attitudes toward the durian
A. Its smell. B. Its appearance.
C. Its value. D. Its popularity.
9. Which paragraph mentions Gomes’s inspiration of innovation
A. Paragraph 1. B. Paragraph 2.
C. Paragraph 3. D. Paragraph 4.
10. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A. Aerogels. B. Scientific uses.
C. Properties. D. Electric currents.
11. What can we learn about fruit-based supercapacitors
A. They are devices for producing electricity.
B. They are chemicals from durians.
C. They are green and economical.
D. They are light and liquid.
D
Pandas have always been one of the cutest creatures of the animal kingdom, but did you know that there are actually two types of pandas
These animals are divided into Sichuan and Qinling subspecies (亚种群). The Qinling giant panda, which lives in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, has a round head and short mouth, which makes it look like a cat. The Sichuan giant panda, which lives in Sichuan province, is more bear-like and has a bigger and more oval (椭圆形的) head, according to a study published in a recent issue of the Chinese Science Bulletin.
The study, conducted by Zhejiang University, the BGI Life Science Research Institution and the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, showed the subspecies’ differences and evolutionary (进化的) characteristics, including the first report on the genome (基因组) of the Qinling subspecies.
The two subspecies evolved around 10,000 to 12,000 years ago, which means they haven’t contacted one another for at least 10,000 years. Besides their different physical features, the Sichuan subspecies is better adapted to survive in the wild due to its history of greater genetic variation. The Qinling subspecies never migrated (迁徙) across the Yellow River Basin, so it has had no major changes in genetic variation.
The key factors affecting the long-term survival of a species are its ability to reproduce and develop immunity (免疫力) against disease. When it comes to making babies, the Sichuan subspecies is more reproductive than the Qinling subspecies, said Fang Shengguo, a professor at Zhejiang University’s College of Life Sciences.
Pandas were once meat eaters but later turned to a bamboo diet. In response to the huge changes in their eating habits, they evolved relatively small internal organs to slow down their metabolism (新陈代谢). Changes in giant panda genes are mainly related to their reproductive system, which may be responsible for their reduced reproduction, according to the study.
Accurate genetic management is important in artificial breeding (繁殖) and conservation, Fang pointed out. He also suggested gene exchanges between small populations of pandas within the same subspecies should be sped up, which could help reduce inbreeding (近亲交配) and genetic decline. “Unless the species is in danger, interbreeding between the two subspecies should be avoided as much as possible. Otherwise, the reproduction of the offspring (后代) may be reduced, which would be very bad for the Sichuan subspecies population,” said Fang, who also noted the importance of restoring pandas habitats.
12. What do we know about pandas
A. The Sichuan subspecies tends to live longer.
B. They mainly live in two provinces in China.
C. The Qinling subspecies is less able to reproduce.
D. The two subspecies share similar facial features.
13. According to the study, what could be the reason for pandas’ reduced reproduction
A. The frequent migration in the wild.
B. The shortage of bamboo for them to eat.
C. The decreased immunity against disease.
D. The changes in genes related to reproduction.
14. What does Fang Shengguo think is a better solution to pandas inbreeding
A. Accurate genetic management.
B. The restoration of pandas’ habitats.
C. Interbreeding between the two subspecies.
D. Gene exchanges within the same subspecies.
15. What’s the main purpose of the article
A. To report on new research about pandas.
B. To inform people of how pandas evolved.
C. To compare different subspecies of pandas.
D. To call on people to protect the endangered species.
辽宁省锦州市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷
第一节（共15小题：每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Volunteers Wanted
Elephant Volunteer Project, Laos
The 7-day volunteering programme is your gateway to feeling like a part of the elephant conservation team! You will start by following the 3-day visitor programme. Then you will be asked to assist us in the center’s development by participating in projects on site. Your activities may include things like: maintenance work (painting, construction, cleaning, gardening); observing and recording of elephant behaviour; making enrichment tools and materials for the elephants.
Portugal: Experience Life in a European Town While You Help Its People
Portugal was one of the countries that led the “discovery” of the Americas, but now it struggles with economic recession(经济衰退) while the people suffer the consequences. As a volunteer in Portugal, you can serve in the city of Beja. You can teach youth and adults in classrooms and municipal(市政的) learning centers.
St. Lucia: Visit a Caribbean Paradise and Make a Difference in the Life of a Child
St. Lucia is one of the world’s most beautiful islands. However, in this tropical paradise, children face life-limiting nutrition, health and education challenges. That’s why we need your help to care for these children, provide them with nutritious meals, as well as educate and encourage the children’s parents.
Social Worker and Construction Volunteering Work in Nepal
Most of the schools in rural Nepal consist of simple stone structures with no water or electricity. They have no bright classrooms, toilets or playgrounds, and no libraries. Most students do not even have drinking water. Volunteer Society Nepal (VSN) places international volunteers for construction and manual work in the areas most in need. VSN asks you to paint, construct or repair necessary buildings. These projects are usually funded by your own contributions.
21. What may volunteers do both in Laos and Nepal
A. Do some gardening. B. Raise their own funds.
C. Paint and construct things. D. Make some tools and materials.
22. Where will you go if you are interested in life in a European town
A. Laos. B. Portugal. C. St. Lucia. D. Nepal.
23. Which is the serious problem children in St. Lucia are facing
A. Education. B. Economy.
C. After-school activities. D. Wildlife protection.
B
Nancy Meherne lives a simple life by the sea, gardening and riding the soft waves at Scarborough Beach just a couple of blocks from her house. The 92-year-old’s board made in the 1970s is a little old, but it's easy to carry and suits her just fine. Often wearing just a swimsuit, despite summer water temperatures ranging from 14℃ to 18℃, the grandmother of seven walks into the waist-deep water, waits for the perfect wave and jumps on.
Born in Wellington in 1929, Meherne says her life has been full, with “never a dull moment”. In her early 20s, after training and working as a schoolteacher, she left New Zealand by ship to study and work in England and other countries in Europe, spending her weekends and holidays exploring the regions.
Her travels also took her to India, Afghanistan, Syria, Lebanon and Pakistan, where she taught at a school for three months. After returning to New Zealand, Meherne raised three children with her husband, Doug, while teaching in primary schools and tutoring at a music school. Her teaching philosophy was similar to her life philosophy: “You’ve got to have fun.”
She remembers seeing the ocean for the first time and being shocked at its scale. “I just thought water came in small quantities.” A keen swimmer and surf life saver in her youth, Meherne says she didn’t pick up surfing until her late 30s or early 40s when she was living in Summer and started borrowing her son’s board. “I never did try and stand up, but I loved it. I’d go wherever I could.”
Meherne will be 93 in August, 2022 and says she will keep surfing as long as she is able to “do a little jump” to get on the waves. Her husband Doug says: “She has definitely kept the bar pretty high there. She has aged but she hasn’t got old.”
24. What can we learn from the first paragraph
A. Meherne surfs near her home.
B. Meherne started surfing in the 1970s.
C. Meherne’s worn board is too old to be used.
D. Meherne can’t bear the water temperatures.
25. Which of the following words can best describe Meherne’s early life
A. Busy and modest. B. Aimless and relaxing.
C. Full and adventurous. D. Hard and challenging
26. What does Doug mean by saying the words at the end of the passage
A. Meherne keeps practicing to reach her limit.
B. Meherne has set a high standard for others.
C. Meherne is no longer fit for surfing due to age.
D. Meherne is still quite energetic despite old age.
27. What does the text mainly talk about
A. People’s comments on an unusual surfer.
B. A woman who has stuck to surfing for decades.
C. The travelling experience of a remarkable surfer.
D. The sport which attracts people of different ages—surfing.
C
Children begin influencing us even before they are born: We plan for their arrival and adjust our lives to welcome them. As babies, they direct our sleep and, as a side effect, our moods. We know that parents of crying babies are more stressed, sleep less and may even think they are parenting badly. In a vicious cycle, stress and lack of sleep can then lead to an increased risk of parental anxiety.
But there’s more. Many studies show that a child’s innate (天生的)personality shapes how we parent them. It means how we parent depends on our children’s character. One child may be naturally outgoing and therefore enjoy a constant stream of playmates. Another might like play by himself, meaning we are quieter around them. One child might love surprises, while another may find them stressful and prefer order and routine.
As children get older, their influence on us becomes more obvious. In one 2016 study, psychologist Leon Kuczynski and colleagues asked parents from 30 families to talk about any recent events where their children had some influence in their lives. He found a wide range of responses from comments on a parent’s appearance, their politeness, their health and driving abilities. They even changed their recycling habits. One parent of a 10-year-old says: “Maybe we didn’t believe in being environmentally friendly before he drew our attention to it.”
The study, explains Kuczynski, shows that while our actions affect the child, the child’s actions affect you. By being in a close relationship, you’re likely to accept this child’s influence”. It happens for good reason too—parents wanting to maintain a close relationship with their children, to improve closeness and respect. Finally, parents and children are learning from each other. Accepting this and responding to their needs make life easier.
28. What does the underlined word “vicious” in the first paragraph
A. Calm. B. Demanding. C. Successful. D. Awful.
29. What do we learn about parenting according to many studies
A. Parents should stay quiet around their children.
B. Parents ought to be based on children’s characters.
C. Parenting has nothing to do with children’s personality.
D. Parents’ ways of parenting determine children’s development.
30. Parents are willingly influenced by their children because they want to ________.
A. maintain good relationships with their children
B. show their deep affection towards their children
C. be treated with respect by their naughty children
D. establish authority in relationship with their children
31. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A. Business. B. Politics. C. Life. D. Entertainment.
D
Despite being there for your safety, many people still ignore the red man at the traffic lights and cross early, running the risk of a deadly accident. Now Smart, a car maker, has come up with a smart idea for an experiment to see if safety could be improved at traffic lights by encouraging pedestrians (行人) to wait for the green man with a “Dancing Traffic Light”.
The Dancing Traffic Light was designed to draw the attention of people who were standing waiting to cross the road in Portugal. It shows a dancing red figure, as opposed to the static (静态的) figure that is normally shown. The figure is a low-resolution (低分辨率的) representation of someone who is in a room nearby, dancing.
Those who want to dance can go into the room and then select music of their choice. When the traffic light turns red, the music plays and the individual can then start to dance. A video is from the person dancing in real time to the traffic light and the dancing red figure can keep pedestrians amused while they wait.
Apart from providing entertainment for pedestrians as they wait to cross the road, there is also the “gaming” side to the Dancing Traffic Light as anyone can be the dancing figure and so he or she can contribute to the project.
This isn’t the first time that entertainment has been used for positive social outcomes. The Volkswagen Fun Theory campaign involved a Piano Staircase which encouraged people to walk up the stairs instead of using an elevator and the Bottle Bank Arcade that was made to encourage people to recycle.
Smart said that 81% more people stopped at the red light to watch it dance while they waited for the green light to appear.
32. Why did Smart design the Dancing Traffic Light
A. To draw the attention of people. B. To help reduce traffic accidents
C. To provide entertainment for pedestrians. D. To make traffic lights more interesting.
33. What is the idea behind the Dancing Traffic Light
A. A real person dances beside the traffic light.
B. A pedestrian performs a dance while waiting
C. A figure dances in real time to red traffic lights.
D. An individual dances to various music in a room.
34. What does the author want to stress in Paragraph 5
A. The good results of safety product.
B. The needs for more such campaigns.
C. The influence of the Dancing Traffic Lights.
D. The use of entertainment in some social activities.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. A Dancing Traffic Light—A Guardian of Life
B. Road Safety—An Essential Talk
C. A Campaign—A Solution from the Air
D. Smart—A Pioneer in Traffic Light Research
辽宁省营口市普通高中2021-2022学年高二下学期期末教学质量监测英语试题
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
A
Have you ever dreamed of traveling to space With many developments in space travel, you may soon be able to book a ticket.
Fly me to the moon
Japanese billionaire Yusaku Maezawa, 46, has invited eight members of the public to join him for a trip around the moon with the help of Elon Musk’s SpaceX company.
The mission, called dearMoon, will take three days to fly to the moon, orbit and then spend three days returning. In addition to its historic first as a private lunar mission, the rocket’s flight path means it will go beyond the distance traveled by the US Apollo missions, Musk told CNBC, an American news channel. DearMoon is scheduled for 2023.
Living in space hotel
Instead of squeezing into a space cabin, how about enjoying your time in a hotel The world’s first space hotel is due to start construction in 2025.
Developed by US company Orbital Assembly Corporation (OAC), the space station will be a large circular structure. It will rotate (旋转) to generate artificial gravity, similar to the level found on the surface of the moon, according to the Daily Mail. The hotel is expected to have restaurants, cinemas and rooms for up to 400 guests.
Short space trip
While some people may like to stay in space for a long time, others may prefer to simply have a taste. Tickets for a 90-minute journey have been on sale to the public since Feb 16. The first commercial tourist flights with Virgin Galactic, a private space tourism company founded by British businessman Richard Branson, are set for later this year.
The journey to the edge of space will begin with the spacecraft attached to a twin-fuselage (双机身) aircraft. At a certain altitude, the craft detaches (分离) from the jet and fires its engines. It then climbs to reach the edge of the atmosphere, according to The Independent.
The spaceship gracefully flips (翻转) while astronauts enjoy several minutes of out-of-scat weightlessness and breath-taking views of Earth from the spaceship’s 17 windows, according to the company.
1. What do we know about dearMoon
A. It will be carried out in two years’ time. B. It will go further than any Apollo mission.
C. It will be the first lunar journey by humans. D. It will take three days to go to the moon and back.
2. What is special about the proposed space hotel
A. It will create artificial gravity. B. It will have restaurants and cinemas.
C. It will be built on the surface of the moon. D. It will be able to accommodate 400 guests at a time.
3. Which company plans to take tourists to the edge of the atmosphere in 2022
A. SpaceX. B. Virgin Galactic.
C. Axiom Space Inc. D. Orbital Assembly Corporation.
B
I was sitting at my desk when another graduate student in my lab approached me. “Can you help ” he asked. His experiment wasn’t working and he desperately needed help. I was then a fifth year PhD student, and I took pride in being the senior member of the lab, whom everyone looked up to. But that also meant I was the one everyone turned to for help - which ate away hours, days, and sometimes weeks that I could have spent on my own research.
There were many reasons I had a hard time saying no to such pleas（恳求）. I was new to the United States for graduate school. I found it difficult to make new friends and discover activities I enjoyed. So 1 spent a huge chunk of my time in the lab, with my lab-mates serving as my primary source of social connection. I feared that if I brushed them off, I’d lose their favor.
But the extra responsibilities came at a cost. I had to work extra hours to catch up with my own work, and I often made sacrifices to my personal life.
It wasn’t until my wife gave birth to our first child that I realized how thin I had stretched myself - and how misguided my priorities were. While she lay in a hospital bed in the early stages of labor, I sat nearby hunched（伏首前倾的）over my laptop finishing up a work report Hours later, after hearing my daughter’s first cry and watching her tiny fingers grab tightly onto mine, it dawned on me: I should have been fully present during my daughter’s birth. I was clearly spending too much time working if my job had intruded（侵入）into one of life’s most precious moments.
From then on 1 decided to spend more time with my family by paring down my work tasks and carefully considering each request for help. I still enjoyed collaborating with others, but I prioritized mutually beneficial tasks or those my manager asked me to take on, rather than accepting everything that came my way.
I noticed many benefits: no longer working overtime, more family time, and improved work performance. I was also pleased to discover that “Sorry, I’d love to help but I have a deadline coming up” is an acceptable response to a request for assistance.
It’s hard to say “no” to those you work with. But I’ve learned that sometimes that’s the best course of action to avoid an excessive workload and lead a freer and happier life.
4. Why did the author find it difficult to refuse the requests of his lab-mates
A. He was afraid to be left out by them. B. He wanted to earn their respect.
C. He was the senior member of the lab. D. He had once received help from them.
5. What did the author realize after his daughter’s birth
A. He was guilty for his absence when she was born.
B. His wife had sacrificed a lot for the family.
C. He should have balanced work and life better.
D. He should work harder due to the increased responsibilities.
6. Which of the following is closes in meaning to the underlined phrase “paring down” in paragraph 5
A. Putting aside. B. Cutting down. C. Getting familiar with. D. Keeping track of.
7. What is the text mainly about
A. Enjoying family life. B. Giving priority to family.
C. Giving and taking. D. Learning to say “no”.
C
Have you ever thought about what happens to people’s assets (资产) when they die That’s where wills come in.
Traditionally, wills were only made by the elderly. Many young people think they don’t need wills if they don’t have kids or houses yet. But in recent years, this perception has started to change.
A while paper released by the China Will Registration Center in March revealed that more people in their 20s and 30s are now getting wills in China, reported China Daily.
The Daily Mail also reported that more young people are writing wills thanks to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the UK, only 18 percent of 18- to 34-year-olds had wills in 2019, compared to 27 percent in 2021.
In a recent interview with The Telegraph, Emily James, 22, said the main reason she wrote a will was the pandemic. “In the current climate, you can’t really get away from death — it’s something my generation has never been faced with so distinctly before. The death count is broadcast every day, and most people know someone who has been affected by the virus, which starts to make you think and want to plan for your future.”
Apart from the pandemic, public knowledge of notable people’s health conditions, like the British royal family, has led to more people writing wills. The highest number of wills written on a single day in 2021 was on Feb 18, following the late Prince Philip’s admission to hospital, according to data from Farewill, one of the UK’s biggest death planning companies.
Farewill’s data also show that the legacies people leave in their wills are reflections of current society.
Music and pop culture collections were among the top things included in wills. The most common pop culture collections mentioned were Disney, Star Wars and Harry Potter memorabilia (纪念品).
The pandemic increased people’s likelihood of including a gift to a charity in their will. Furry friends are also not forgotten. Farewill’s data show nearly one-fifth of the people were making wills to ensure their pets were well looked after, with a total of 37 percent of will writers including plans for their pets.
8. What did the Daily Mail report
A. More people in the West are writing wills.
B. The number of young will writers is increasing.
C. The UK saw the most young will writers in 2021.
D. People aged 18-34 made the most wills in the UK in 2021.
9. Why did Emily James write a will
A. She was infected with COVID-19. B. She felt hopeless during the pandemic.
C. She realized the future is unpredictable. D. She was affected by the death of Prince Philip.
10. What do the last three paragraphs mainly talk about
A. How the pandemic influenced young people.
B. How current society influences young people’s wills.
C. The impact pop culture has had on young people.
D. Why young people consider writing a will to be important.
11 Which can serve as a good title of the article
A. Will after Death. B. The Bucket List.
C The Pandemic Effects. D. Youth Leave Their Legacy.
D
Despite the fact that there were a lot of great Hong Kong movies and singers in the 1990s, Hong Kong has been called a cultural desert for quite a long time.
But since the handover, the situation has changed. Currently known as one of the world’s top international financial centers, Hong Kong also wants to achieve the status of a global art center.
Galleries from the Chinese mainland began to come to Hong Kong in 2008. After three years, international galleries also set their sights on Hong Kong. Within three months, 10 international galleries opened locations.
After Art Basel, an international art fair, launched in Hong Kong in 2013, the region became one of the three global art markets, after New York and London. The Hong Kong Tourism Board seized the opportunity to make art the region’s new cultural and tourism product. “Art March” became a regular art festival along with Art Basel and Art Central, an event showcasing talent from innovative galleries.
In just 25 years, commercial art in Hong Kong has seen a lot of development. The number of galleries has increased from 10 to hundreds. Famous auction（拍卖）houses have also set up offices in Hong Kong, all of which represent Hong Kong’s flourishing art trade.
In the past couple of years, Hong Kong’s museums and art galleries have sprung up like mushrooms after rain.
In 2021, Hong Kong’s new landmark cultural and art project - the M+ Museum - officially opened. It has received positive feedback from people in Hong Kong. It is the world’s largest museum dedicated to modern visual art from Asia.
What’s more, in July this year, the Hong Kong Palace Museum will also be completed. With a new curatorial （策展）approach of presenting both global and local perspectives, it will promote the public’s appreciation for Chinese art and culture.
12. What opportunity did the Hong Kong Tourism Board seize to promote art
A. The launch of Art March as an art festival.
B. The increased value of artworks auctioned.
C. The flourishing art market in Hong Kong in 2010s.
D. The Chinese mainland opening galleries in Hong Kong.
13. What do we learn about the Hong Kong Palace Museum
A. It officially opened in 2021.
B. It is the largest museum of its kind in Asia.
C. It received local and global positive feedback.
D. It aims to boost people’s love for Chinese art and culture.
14. What is the text mainly about
A. The benefits art has brought to Hong Kong.
B. Hong Kong’s famous cultural and art projects.
C. The fast development of art in Hong Kong.
D. The factors that make Hong Kong a global art center.
15. Which section can you read about the passage in the newspaper
A. City Development B. Sports Express C. Education of Arts D. Science & Technology
答案：
辽宁省大连市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了习主席发表关于太空探索的讲话。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“encouraging them to contribute more to the exploration of space and advance space science and technology through innovation.(他鼓励他们为太空探索做出更多贡献，以创新推动太空科技进步。)”可知，习主席强调的是以创新推进航天科技发展。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“In a congratulatory message on the successful landing of China’s first probe on Mars, Tianwen-1.(在中国首个火星探测器“天文学家一号”成功着陆的贺电中。)”可知，是在2021年5月15日，习主席祝贺中国首次登陆火星。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“exhibition demonstrated China’s great achievement in space explorations and expressed his belief that the exhibition would greatly boost the development of global aerospace technology and promote international exchanges and cooperation.( 展览展示了中国在航天探索方面取得的巨大成就，并表示相信该展览将有力地推动全球航天技术的发展，促进国际交流与合作。)”；根据第四段中“It is another landmark progress in China’s space industry development.(这是中国航天事业发展的又一里程碑式的进步。)”；以及第五段中“China is willing to share the achievements of the BDS with all sides and make the BDS better serve the world and benefit humankind(中方愿与各方分享北斗系统建设成果，推动北斗系统更好服务世界、造福人类)”以及最后一段中“Xi spoke highly of a series of key space missions launched from the site, including the launching of the space station core module Tianhe, the Chang’e-5 lunar mission, and the Tianwen-1 Mars probe.(习主席高度评价了空间站核心舱“天河”、“嫦娥五号”探月任务、“天文一号”火星探测器等一系列重大航天任务。)”可知，习主席所有的讲话都肯定了中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大的成功。故选C。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以《寂静的春天》这本书的内容，展开全文。讲述了雷切尔·卡森通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，旨在警告科学界和公众人类活动对生态系统的破坏性影响，特别是有害使用杀虫剂。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to warn the scientific community and the general public of the damaging effects of human activity on ecosystems-in particular, of the harmful use of pesticides（杀虫剂）,such as DDT.(通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，她旨在警告科学界和公众人类活动对生态系统的破坏性影响，特别是有害使用杀虫剂，如DDT。)”可知，卡森描述了一个没有鸟类的世界目的是在警告科学界和公众人类活动对生态系统的破坏性影响，提升公众的环保意识。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“And the 50or so pages at the end of the book list Carson’s sources, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.(书的最后50多页列出了卡森的资料来源，显示出她作为一名科学家是多么细致和精确。)”可知，她是一名敬业的科学家。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Carson’s message has caused a great increase in environmental awareness: the use of DDT was banned.(卡森信息引起了环境意识的极大提高：DDT的使用被禁止)”根据倒数第二段中“Though supported by most scientists, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry. (尽管这本书得到了大多数科学家的支持，但它很快成为了农药行业批评人士的靶子。)可知，她的书之所以被农药行业人士批评，是因为影响了农药产品的销售即她威胁到了农药行业的利益。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“There was a strange stillness. Where had the birds gone I was a spring without bird voices. Only silence lay over the fields and woods...(周围是一种奇怪的寂静。鸟儿到哪里去了？我是没有鸟鸣的春天。只有寂静笼罩着田野和树林……)”可知，文章以《寂静的春天》这本书的内容，展开全文。同时根据下文，文章主要讲述了雷切尔·卡森通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，旨在警告科学界和公众人类活动对生态系统的破坏性影响，特别是有害使用杀虫剂，如DDT。根据文章最后一段“Personally, I enjoyed Carson’s book. Today, more than 50 years after it was published, the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.( 就我个人而言，我很喜欢卡森的书。《寂静的春天》出版50多年后的今天，《寂静的春天》的声音依然响亮而清晰。)”可知，文章结尾处，作者向读者们推荐该书。故整篇文章应该出自于一本书评。
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章揭示了快时尚导致气候变化，也是造成环境恶化因素之一。为解决该问题，文章提出了一个新的方法——定制品牌。由此可以避免生产过剩，减少浪费。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The industry’s environmental impact is greatly worsened by fast fashion which releases hundreds of new styles every week, leading to overproduction and overconsumption.(快时尚行业对环境的影响大大恶化，每周发布数百种新款式，导致生产过剩和过度消费。)”可知，快时尚导致的是生产过剩和过度消费。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Its focus is on creating special, well-made pieces for consumers to treasure for years to come.(它的重点是为消费者创造特殊的、制作精良的产品，让他们在未来几年珍惜。)”可知，定制的品牌产品高质量。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“MaisonCléo is such a clothing company, taking limited orders each week which are then handmade and delivered in approximately three weeks. And it advocates for fair and reasonable pricing. Thus it attracts loyal customer bases with their social and environmental responsibility, perfect craftsmanship and evergreen styles.( MaisonCléo就是这样一家服装公司，每周接受有限的订单，然后手工制作，大约三周内交货。它提倡公平合理的定价。因此，它以其对社会和环境的责任感、完美的工艺和常青的风格吸引了忠实的客户群体。)”可知，整段以MaisonCléo公司为例，阐述了定制品牌产品的好处。故选B。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“With overproduction and overconsumption fueling a real climate crisis, the made-to-order clothing could be the future of fashion our planet badly needs.(随着生产过剩和消费过度加剧了一场真正的气候危机，定制服装可能是我们这个星球急需的未来时尚。)”以及全文内容可知，文章探讨了随着生产过剩和消费过度所导致气候危机的加剧，定制服装可能是我们解决气候危机的重要措施。故文章的最好标题C选项“订制会成为时尚的未来吗 ”符合题意。故选C。
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了一项新的研究发现。即在控制工作要求、从事有意义的工作以及享受同事的支持和鼓励环境中，压力会转化为积极的动力，帮助人们实现目标
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“ The new job she recently switched to still has its share of pressure, but with more support from her boss and more flexibility in her schedule, she says she feels great.(她最近换的新工作仍然有压力，但有了老板更多的支持和更灵活的工作时间，她说她感觉很好。)”可知，最近的新工作仍然有压力，但是有了更多灵活的工作时间。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“But few people know how to transform their stress into the positive kind that helps them reach their goals.(但是很少有人知道如何把他们的压力转化为积极的动力，从而帮助他们实现目标。)”可知，通过列举Mariana Bechtel 的例子，作者是为了说明压力可以变成积极的动力，从而帮助人们成功。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“A recent research confirms that gaining control over job demands, doing work with meaning and purpose and enjoying support and encouragement from co-workers are all linked to beneficial stress. (最近的一项研究证实，控制工作要求、有意义和目的地工作、享受同事的支持和鼓励都与有益的压力有关。)”可知，通过从事一份有意义的工作，能够让压力激发我们的优势。故选B。
【15题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文的“On one hand, it can be the thing that hurts us most. On the other, it’s fundamental to psychological and physical growth. (一方面，它可能是最伤害我们的事情。另一方面，它是心理和身体成长的基础。)”可知，压力一方面对我们有害，另一方面又是我们心理和身体成长的基础即对我们有利。故压力有两个相反的特征。故选C。
辽宁省丹东市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末教学质量监测英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了Reading Eggs这一屡获殊荣的在线阅读项目。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Reading Eggs is the multi award-winning online reading program that makes learning to read fun for kids and teenagers aged 3-18*, with great online reading games and activities.(Reading Eggs是一个屡获殊荣的在线阅读项目，通过很棒的在线阅读游戏和活动，让3-18岁的儿童和青少年学习阅读变得有趣)”可知，Reading Eggs的目的是让儿童和青少年对学习阅读感兴趣。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Proven Reading Results部分第一行“91% of parents noticed an improvement in their child’s reading ability since using Reading Eggs (91%的家长注意到，参加Reading Eggs项目后，孩子的阅读能力有所提高)”可知，参加Reading Eggs项目后，已经确认的益处是大多数家长注意到孩子的阅读能力有所提高。故选C项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据Our programs部分第二项“Reading Eggspress Ages 10-18 Building Confidence (Reading Eggspress，10-18岁，建立信心)”可知，Reading Eggspress这一项目适合10-18岁，如果你有一个13岁的儿子，你会选择Reading Eggspress这一项目。故选C项。
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只狡猾的企鹅跳上了一艘满载游客的橡皮艇，从而躲过了一群饥饿的虎鲸的追捕，逃过一劫的故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。由文章的第七段“Mere seconds later, the penguin successfully makes it over the rim of the boat and is helped aboard by the tourists—to cheers from the crowd.（几秒钟后，企鹅成功地越过了船的边缘，在游客的帮助下登上了船——人群中发出了欢呼声。）”可知，企鹅为了逃避虎鲸的追捕，跳到了游客乘坐的橡皮艇上，所以这只企鹅既聪明又勇敢。故选C项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。由文章第三段的“ a large group of orcas （一群虎鲸）”可知，第四段的“the apex predators（顶级掠食者）”指的是虎鲸；由第四段的“gave chase after the lonely bird（追逐那只孤独的鸟）”和“tried to give them the slip（试图甩掉它们）”可知，虎鲸在捕猎企鹅，而企鹅试图甩掉虎鲸，所以would-be-victim指的是企鹅。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由倒数第三段Matt所说的话“It was crazy to see in person. It was like watching a National Geographic episode on location. I imagine the penguin was very relieved to get away.（亲眼见到真是太疯狂了。 就像在看国家地理的外景节目。 我想企鹅逃走后一定松了一口气。）”可知，Matt对于这只企鹅让人难以置信的逃脱感到印象深刻。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章的第一段“ This is the incredible moment: a crafty penguin escaped a group of hungry killer whales by LEAPING into a Zodiac boat full of tourists—to joyful applause.（这是一个不可思议的时刻:一只狡猾的企鹅跳上了一艘满载游客的橡皮艇，躲过了一群饥饿的虎鲸——人群中发出了欢呼声。）”和整篇文章讲述的企鹅的逃脱过程可知，这篇文章的主要内容是“企鹅跳上船躲避虎鲸”。故选C项。
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项实验结果，佛罗里达大学的研究人员成功地在从月球带回地球的土壤中种植了植物。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“For the experiment, researchers planted seeds of a flowering weed called Arabidopsis (拟南芥)in lunar soil. Arabidopsis is a plant closely related to some more commonly known plants like Brussels sprouts (抱子甘蓝). Researchers began by placing very small samples of lunar soil into tubelike containers, then added seeds and water. A control group of Arabidopsis was planted at the same time but was grown in soil consisting of volcanic ash from Earth. Scientists then added a nutrient solution daily to the samples and carefully observed for any signs of change or growth.(为了进行实验，研究人员在月球土壤中种植了一种名为拟南芥的开花杂草的种子。拟南芥是一种与一些更常见的植物（如抱子甘蓝）密切相关的植物。研究人员首先将非常小的月球土壤样本放入管状容器中，然后添加种子和水。同时种植了一组对照拟南芥，但生长在由地球火山灰组成的土壤中。然后，科学家每天向样本中添加营养液，仔细观察任何变化或生长的迹象)”可知，第一=二段主要介绍了实验的过程。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“By the 6th day of the experiment, though, it became clear that there were differences in the rate of growth of the plants. Arabidopsis grown in lunar soil developed more slowly and grew to sizes relatively smaller than Arabidopsis in the control group. They also had more shallow roots and exhibited qualities that are normally not found in healthy plants.(然而，到了实验的第6天，很明显，两种植物的生长速度有所不同。与对照组相比，生长在月球土壤中的拟南芥发育较慢，生长到相对较小的尺寸。它们的根也更浅，表现出健康植物通常没有的品质)”可知，生长在月球土壤中的拟南芥比生长在地