Module 10 Unit 3 Language in use重点知识归纳和语法 讲解练习（含答案）

Module 10
Unit 3　Language in use 及语法
知识点01Australia has more beaches than any other country—more than 10, 000! 澳大利亚拥有世界上最多的沙滩——多于10,000个！
【考点1】“比较级+than+any other+单数可数名词+范围”或“比较级+than+the other+复数可数名词+范围”结构虽为比较级形式，但表示指定范围内的最高级含义。如：
Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其他的城市都大。
Lucy is more careful than the other students in her class. 露西比她班里其他的学生都仔细。
知识点02It is a great place to visit and to spend some time at. 它是一个游玩和消遣的好地方。
【考点2】“It is+名词/名词短语+to do sth.”为固定句型，常用来表示自己对某事物的看法或向对方提出建议。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语“to do sth.”。如：
It’s your turn to answer my questions. 轮到你回答我的问题了。
It’s a good habit to wash hands before meals. 饭前洗手是个好习惯。
【考点3】动词不定式to visit和动词不定式短语to spend time at修饰名词place作定语。动词不定式作定语修饰名词时，和被修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式动词如果是不及物动词，要加介词，构成动宾关系。如：
Teahouse is a good place to chat and relax in. 茶馆是一个聊天、放松的好地方。
It’s too late and we’d better find a right place to live in. 天太晚了，我们最好找个合适的地方先住下来。
【拓展】名词place跟动词不定式作定语时，有时和动词不定式表达的动作存在状语关系，这时动词后不加介词。
To some animals,zoos are not always the right places to live. 对一些动物来说,动物园未必是生活的好地方。
Book your ticket before you book your hotel or a place to camp. 在你预定旅馆或露营的地方前先预定你的票。
知识点03I’ve been to Australia. 我曾经去过澳大利亚。
【考点4】【辨析】have/has been to与have/has gone to的用法辨析：
①“have/has been to+地点名词”意为“已经/曾经去过某地”(人现在已经回来了)，表示一种经历，后可接表示次数的词（如once, twice, three times等），表示“去过某地几次”，也可与just, never, ever等连用。如：
I have been to the Great Wall. 我曾经去过长城。
Peter has been to Shanghai three times. 皮特曾经去过上海三次。
②“have/has gone to+地点名词”意为“已经去某地了”(人可能已经到了那里，也可能还在路上，但不在说话的地方，一般用于第三人称)。如：
---- Where is Ann 安在哪里？ ---- She has gone to Beijing. 她去北京了。
Mr. Green isn’t in. He has gone to Shanghai. 格林先生不在家, 他去了上海。
知识点04Poor you. 难为你了。
【考点5】poor you用于口语中，意为“可怜的你；难为你了”，表示同情、怜惜等。如：
Oh, poor you! Let me bring you some medicine. You’ll feel better later after taking it.
噢，可怜的孩子！我给你拿点药。服了后你会感觉舒服点。
【拓展】poor man用于口语中，表示“可怜的人”。如：
Poor man, it was not his fault. 可怜的人啊，这不是他的错吧。
知识点05Ants were a problem at the next place that we lived in too. 在我们下一个住的地方，蚂蚁也是一个问题。
【考点6】本句是一个包含定语从句的复合句，that we lived in作定语修饰先行词place，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，介词in不可以省略。如：
He likes the place that he lives in. 他喜欢他居住的地方。
知识点06Also, my mum was always worried about the sun and make us stay inside a lot. 此外，我妈妈总是担心太阳，经常让我们待在屋里。
【考点7】make sb. do sth.意为“使/让某人做某事”，其被动语态形式为sb. be made to do sth.。如：
He made me work all day long. 他让我工作了一整天。
I was made to work all day long by him. 我被他让我工作了一整天。
知识点07She has always been very proud to be an Aborigine. 她一直以作为一名土著人而感到骄傲。
【考点8】be proud to do sth.意为“做某事很骄傲”，proud是形容词，意为“骄傲的；自豪的”。如：
I’m proud to be a Chinese. 我为作为中国人而骄傲。
All the Chinese are proud to see the Chinese flag flying high. 所有的中国人见到飘扬的国旗时都感到很骄傲。
知识点08She has become a symbol of how different cultures in Australia can get along. 她成了在澳大利亚不同的文化可以和谐共存的象征。
【考点9】get along (with sb.)意为“与某人相处”，相当于get on with sb.，with前可加well/badly，表示相处地好/不好。注意：get along with sth.意为“某事进展”。如：
She’s never got along with her sister. 她从未与妹妹和睦相处。
They get along well with each other. 他们彼此相处得很好。
How are you getting along with your English 你的英语学得怎样？
关系代词的用法；
在复合句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose。
考向一: 定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where， when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
考向三: 关系代词的基本用法
作主语 作宾语 作定语
指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose
指物 which/that which/that/省略
The man who/that spoke at the meeting is from Hong Kong. 会上发言的人来自香港。
The building which/that is being built will be used as a hospital. 在建中的这幢建筑将用作医院。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the world. 我拜访了一位世界知名的科学家。
I don’t know the teacher ______________ is talking with Miss Wang.
A. what B. whom C. which D. who
【答案】D
【解析】所填写词引导定语从句，修饰先行词teacher，并在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who。
1. 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持主谓一致。
He is one of the boys who like playing basketball. 他是喜欢打篮球的男孩子之一。
He is the one of the boys who likes playing basketball. 他就是那个喜欢打篮球的男孩子。
2. 通常在以下六种情况下只能用that而不能用which：
(1)先行词为all，much，something，everything，nothing，little，none，the one等代词时。
That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。
—Is that all
—Yes. That’s all ______________ I want to take.
A. which B. that C. who D. whose
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——就这些？——是的，这就是我要买的所有东西。which，that的先行词都是物，但当先行词是all等不定代词时，关系代词一般只用that；who的先行词只能是人；whose一般在从句中作定语。故选B。
(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.。
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
This is the most wonderful film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最精彩的电影。
Look at the apples. You can see the two that you gave me. 看这些苹果。你能看到你给我的那两个。
(3)以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。
Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
(4)先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
(5)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited. 我们访问过的老师和学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
(6)先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时。
It’s a book that will help you a lot. 这是一本对你很有帮助的书。
(7)主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
3. 关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：
(1)先行词为that， those时，用which，而不用that。
What’s that which is under the desk 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
(2)关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
(3)引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
随堂练习
1. —What are you looking for
—I’m looking for a book _______________ tells the history of England.
A. which B. who C. what D. where
2. —What are you doing
—I’m reading the book _______________ you lent me last week.
A. what B. who C. when D. that
3. —Why do you call him Mr. Knowledgeable
—Because he knows almost everything _______________ we want to know.
A. which B. what C. that D. who
4. —I heard that Shao Yifu passed away.
—Yes, he is a great man _______________ donated billions of dollars to charity, schools and hospitals.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
5. No one knows _______________ in the future.
A. what will be happen B. what will happen
C. what will it happen D. what it will happen
1. 【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你正在找什么？——我正在找一本讲解英国历史的书。根据先行词是物，所以引导词用which 或者that，故选A。
2. 【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你在干什么？——我在读上周你借给我的书。what什么；who谁；when当……的时候； that那。先行词the book表示物，在定语从句中作宾语，可以用关系代词that代替，故选D。
3. 【答案】C
【解析】句意：——你为什么叫他万事通先生 ——因为他几乎知道一切我们想知道的。1)先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。5)先行词既有人又有物时。故选C。
4. 【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我听说邵逸夫去世了。——是的，他是一个伟大的人，他捐赠数十亿美元给慈善机构，学校和医院。这是一个定语从句，先行词是人，故用who/whom引导，在从句中作主语时用who，故选A。
5. 【答案】B
【解析】句意：没有人知道未来会发生什么。无论哪种句式结构充当宾语从句都要用陈述句语序，从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致。主句的谓语动词是过去式从句的谓语动词也要用相应的过去时态。若从句表达的是真理或客观事实，不管主句的谓语动词是何种时态从句都要用一般现在时。根据in the future可知该用一般将来时。故选B。
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1．He doesn't like working.In other words，he is (懒惰的)．
2．The (色拉)is made of vegetables and fruit.
3．One evening she came back home in high (精神)with flowers in her hands.
4．Last weekend we played cards together with some friends and (亲戚)．
5．The (袋鼠)uses its back legs to jump.
【答案】1.lazy2.salad3.spirit4.relatives5.kangaroo
Ⅱ.按要求完成句子
1．It's December.It's summer in Australia.(用although合并成一句话)
，it's summer in Australia.
2．It's a small country with water on three sides.(改为含有定语从句的复合句)
It's a small country water on three sides.
3．Australia is a country.It has the most beaches.(改为含有定语从句的复合句)
Australia is a country the most beaches.
4．I'm collecting the photos that I took in Beijing.(用he改写为含有定语从句的复合句)
He's collecting the photos that in Beijing.
【答案】1.Although it's December2.that has3.that/which has4.he took
题组B 能力提升练
根据短文内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
Let me tell you about my travel.At the moment we're visiting Ayers Rock.During different __1__(阶段)of the day，it changes its colour.Ayers Rock is a __2__(中心)of Aboriginal culture.Some of their ancient stories describe the spirits that created the world.
Perhaps you may be __3__(吃惊的)to find that the Australians have a close __4__(关系)with the British.That's because many Australians have British __5__(亲戚)．Like the English，Australians like ham and beef with lots of salad.They also grow __6__(葡萄)and other kinds of fruits.
Australians are not __7__(懒惰的)．They like doing all kinds of __8__(活动)．They often go horse riding and __9__(享受)the relaxing riding.They also go to the beach for swimming and __10__(冲浪)or just lying in the sun.
【答案】1.periods2.centre3.surprised4.relationship5.relatives6.grapes7.lazy8.activities9.enjoy10.surfing
题组C 培优拔尖练
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Australia is the __1__(great)island in the world.It is a little smaller than China.Australia is big，but there are fewer people there.The population of Australia __2__(be)smaller than that of Shanghai.
Australia is in the south of the earth.So __3__ it is hot summer in our country，Australia will be cold in winter.The __4__(season)in Australia and in China are just opposite.Summer in Australia is from December to February，and winter is from June to August.When it's spring in China，__5__ will be autumn in Australia.Australia is famous for __6__(sheep)and kangaroos.They are __7__ popular in Australia.
You can __8__(see)kangaroos not only in zoos but also outside the cities and towns.There are ten sheep for everyone in the country.So Australia __9__(call)“The country on the backs of sheep”．After a short drive from any town，you will find __10__(you)in the middle of white sheep.
【答案】1.greatest2.is3.when4.seasons5.it6.sheep7.both8.see9.is called10.yourself
Once there lived a farmer called Henry.He had a brother,Mike,in town who was an excellent gardener.His skill and his beautiful trees were　1　everywhere.
One day,Henry went to town to visit Mike.“Look,my brother,” said Mike,“here is the best　2　tree from my garden.Take it home and　3　it so that you,and your children,and your children’s children can enjoy it.” Henry was　4　with the apple tree and went back home.The next morning,he began to　5　where he should plant it.
“If I plant it on the hill,” he said to himself,“the wind might catch it and 　6　down the fruit.If I plant it close to the road,people who pass by will pick some of them.But if I plant it...”
　7　 he planted the tree in the corner behind his house,where no one else could notice it.But the tree bore(结出)no fruit the first year,nor the second.Then Henry sent for his brother and said to him 　8　,“You have cheated me.This is the third year and it brings me　9　but leaves.”
When Mike saw where the tree was planted,he laughed and said,“You have planted the tree in such a cold corner without 　10　or warmth.How,then,could you expect flowers and fruit ”
1.A.simple B.famous C.similar D.common
2.A.pear B.grape C.apple D.banana
3.A.sell B.wash C.hide D.plant
4.A.tired B.patient C.pleased D.popular
5.A.learn B.wonder C.realize D.understand
6.A.put B.cut C.push D.shake
7.A.Finally B.Firstly C.Luckily D.Certainly
8.A.happily B.angrily C.kindly D.carelessly
9.A.nothing B.something
C.everything D.anything
10.A.air B.earth C.water D.sunlight
1.【答案】B　
【解析】句意:他的技术和他美丽的树到处都有名。因为他是名出色的园丁,那么他的技术应该是有名的。故选B。
2.【答案】C　
【解析】这是我花园里最好的苹果树。根据第二段倒数第二句中的apple tree可知,是一棵苹果树。故选C。
3.【答案】D　
【解析】把它带回家种上,这样你、你的孩子和你孩子的孩子就可以享受它(的果实)。sell 卖;wash 洗;hide 藏;plant 种植。由语境可知选D。
4.【答案】C　
【解析】亨利很高兴得到苹果树,就回家了。be pleased with...对……感到高兴、满意,故选C。
5.【答案】B　
【解析】句意:第二天早上, 他开始想应该把它种在哪里。种在哪里是个问题,所以是想知道,故选B。
6.【答案】D　
【解析】风可能会吹动苹果树,把水果摇落。刮风会使树摇晃,故选D。
7.【答案】A　
【解析】句意:最后,他把树种在了他房子后的角落里,那里没有人能注意到它。考虑了很多地方之后,他最终做出了决定。故选A。
8.【答案】B　
【解析】然后亨利派人去叫他的哥哥,愤怒地对他说。果树没有结出苹果,亨利肯定生气。故选B。
9.【答案】A　
【解析】这是第三年,它带给我的只有树叶。nothing but 只有,只是。故选A。
10.【答案】D　
【解析】你把树栽在这么冷的角落里,没有阳光和温暖。根据语境可知选D。
能力拓展
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