Module 11 Unit 3 Language in use 重点知识归纳和语法 讲解练习（含答案）

Module 11
Unit 3　Language in use 及语法
知识点01Do you mind if I try it out 你介意我试用一下它吗
【考点1】mind作动词，意为“介意；反对”，通常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句，后面通常接名词、代词、动名词或从句等。注意mind作动词时，常用“Do/Would you mind doing sth. ”句型来表示请求对方的许可，即询问对方“是否介意(说话人)做某事”。如果表示不介意、不反对应说Not at all或No, of course not。如果表示介意、反对则用Yes, but...; I am sorry...或I’m afraid...等以缓和语气。如：
I don’t mind your words. 我不介意你的话。
Do you mind helping me with my homework 你介意帮我做家庭作业吗
---- Do you mind my smoking here 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗 ---- Not at all, please. 一点也不介意。
---- Would you mind if I open that door 你介意我打开那扇门吗 ---- I’m sorry, but it’s not allowed. 对不起，这是不允许的。
【拓展】mind还可用作名词，意为“头脑；记忆；想法”。与mind有关的常用搭配：make up one’s mind下定决心；keep in mind记住；lose one’s mind 失去理智；in one’s mind 在某人脑海中；change one’s mind 改变主意。
知识点02It’s not far from here. 那离这里不远。
【考点2】far from 意为“远离”。也说far away from，反义短语为close to或near to，意为“离……近”。如：
---- Is the island far from the land 那个岛离陆地远吗 ---- No, it’s close to the land. 不，它离陆地很近。
【拓展】far from还表示抽象意义上的“远离”。如：
It isn’t true. It’s far from the truth. 这不是真的。这和事实真相相差太远了。
知识点03Photography became a kind of art by the end of the nineteenth century. 19世纪末，摄影成为一门艺术。
【考点3】【辨析】at the end of …，by the end of …与in the end的用法辨析：
①at the end of …意为“在……的结尾，在……的末端/后期”。既可跟时间，也可跟位置/地点。如：
There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街道的尽头有一个商店。
We will have an exam in English at the end of January. 一月底我们将有一次英语考试。
②by the end of …意为“在……之前，到……为止”。只表示时间概念，通常和完成时态连用。如：
We are to complete the task by the end of the year. 年底之前我们必须完成此项任务。
By the end of last year, we had learned 600 words. 到去年年底为止，我们已经学了600个单词。
③in the end意为“最后；终于”，相当于at last或finally，只表示时间概念。如：
In the end, our class won the basketball match. 最后，我们班赢得了这场篮球比赛。
In the end, we beat them and won the match. 最终，我们击败了他们，赢得了比赛。
知识点04Even though now we can see many pictures of the earth from space, at that time, people were not used to seeing photos of the earth like this. 尽管现在我们能见到很多从太空拍摄的地球的照片，但是在那时，人们并不习惯看到这样的地球照片。
【考点4】【辨析】be used to do sth.，be/get used to doing sth./sth.与used to do sth.的用法辨析：
①be used to do sth.=be used for doing sth.意为“被用来做某事（被动语态）”。如：
It can also be used to eat. 它也可以被用来吃。
MP5 can be used for listening to music and seeing the films. MP5可以用来听音乐和看电影。
②be/get used to+doing sth./sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后一般接名词、代词或动名词。如：
Now he is used to getting up early. 现在他已经习惯早起了.
You’ll soon get/be used to hard work. 你会很快习惯于艰苦的工作的.
③used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作或状态，暗示现在不做了，to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形，used没有人称和时态的变化。如：
He used to get up early. 过去他经常早起.（意味着如今他不再早起了.）
I used to drop in at the bookstore on my way home. 过去我在回家途中经常顺便去逛书店。
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
that,who,whom 主语、宾语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam 你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗
that,which 主语、宾语、表语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。
whose 定语 人、物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。
when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你动身去北京的那一天。
where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。
why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late 你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗
1.关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如:
A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.
先行词　主语　　谓语　　宾语
分析:who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。
(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:
①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如:
Is there anything(that)you don’t understand
你有什么不懂的地方吗
Tom told his mother all that had happened.
汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。
②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如:
This is the only book that I can find.
这是我能找到的唯一一本书。
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如:
I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.
我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。
⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:
Which is the hotel that you like best
哪个是你最喜欢的旅店
(2)关系代词的省略
一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.
我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。
注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:
Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher
正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁
二．知识拓展
关系副词的用法
(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:
I still remember the year when you graduated from No. 8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。
(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。如:
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.
我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。
(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:
That is the school where I studied three years ago.
那是我三年前就读的学校。
题组训练
一、选择适当的词填空
1.The boy (who;whom;which)is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
2.The only e-mail 　 　(who;that;which)I received yesterday was from my sister.
3.I hate people 　 　(that;which;whom)talk much but do little.
4.The hotel 　 　(which;that;where)we stayed last summer is a good one.
5.Can you help me find some information about Einstein 　 　(which;who;whom)I can use for my report
6.This is the most amazing photo 　 　(which;that;who)I have ever seen.
1.who2.that3.that4.where5.which6.that
随堂练习
一、填空题
1.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐,98)It is the same with our lives. Those　　　choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.
【答案】who　设空处所在句含有定语从句,先行词为“Those”,指代人,故关系代词用“who”。从后一句“Those who choose”也可知答案。
2.(2017广西南宁,94)“Anyone　　　has heard about Seattle s train may think this is kind of fun,”McKaulay said.
【答案】　who　句意:“任何听说过西雅图火车的人可能认为这有点好玩。”McKaulay说道。由句子结构可判断出此处引导定语从句,先行词为anyone,故填关系代词who。
3.(2016河南,32)Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience 　　　people cannot get at home.
【答案】　that/which　句意:电影院可能会有一个更光明的未来,如果它们能提供给人们一种在家里无法获得的电影经历。本题考查定语从句。当先行词是表示事物的名词时,关系代词用that 或 which。
4.(2016广东,43)Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything　　　comes into sight is so new to me.
【答案】that　句意:在过去的10年里我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。对我来说,出现在我眼前的一切都是那么新。本题考查定语从句。由先行词Everything可知关系代词只能使用that。
5.(2015河南,33)—Why don’t you like fishing
—Fishing is a hobby　　　 needs much patience,but I’m not patient at all.
【答案】that/which　句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼 ——钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好,但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词hobby(爱好)指事物,关系代词应用that或which。
6.(2015广东,44)Running Man is a very relaxing TV program　　　 is hot among the young people.
【答案】　that/which　句意:《奔跑吧兄弟》是一个十分令人放松而且在年轻人中很受欢迎的电视节目。本题考查定语从句。由先行词program可知关系代词应用that/which。
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1．The (获胜者)of the match are from different countries.
2．He thought of a plan of (整体的)interest.Everyone was happy.
3．You can find all kinds of (女衬衣)in the store.They are beautiful.
4．The training is up to the (标准)．It's enough.
5．The people (冲)to the train after the bell rang.
【答案】1.winners2.general3.blouses4.standard5.rushed
Ⅱ.用who或which完成下列句子
1．The girl you met days ago moved to another city.
2．Is this the factory we'll visit next week
3．The old woman is wearing a pair of glasses is my grandma.
4．Tom and Jerry is one of those cartoons make you laugh.
5．A football fan is a person has a strong interest in football.
6．Amy is a creative lady set up a website to sell handbags made of old jeans.
【答案】1.who2.which3.who4.which5.who6.who
题组B 能力提升练
根据短文内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
Dear Larry，
Glad to receive your letter.First，I'd like to say，“__1__(祝贺)！” You are working so hard that I believe you will be __2__(成功的)sooner or later.Now，your hard work __3__(最后)pays off(得到回报)．I'm really happy for you.I'm sure you will become a popular __4__(歌唱家)．Second，I need your advice.
__5__(最近)，I've decided to take part in my city's photo competition.It's said that the __6__(整体的)standard of this year's competition is very high，so I'm not sure whether I could be the __7__(获胜者)in the end.However，I think it's better to __8__(尝试)than give up.At least，I am in with a chance.
There are three __9__(主题)for the competition—Courage，Hope and Friendship.I would like to choose Hope.I've taken some great photos but I have much __10__(困难)in choosing which one for the competition.In my opinion，they are all excellent.That's why I need your help.I've sent to you all the photos with this letter.I think you've seen them.Which one do you think is the best？Please write to me soon.I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Michael
【答案】1.Congratulations2.successful3.finally4.singer5.Recently6.general7.winner8.try9.subjects10.difficulty
题组C 培优拔尖练
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Look at those photos of our trip to Beijing.My parents and I went on __1__ trip to Beijing on 14th July.We arrived there __2__ 11：30 am.My uncle met us at the airport and took us to the hotel __3__(call)Beijing Hotel.We __4__(book)a double room and a single room for seven days.The total price of the __5__(room)was 4，100 yuan.During our trip there，we visited Wangfujing Street，Tian'anmen Square，the Palace Museum，the Great Wall __6__ so on.We really enjoyed __7__(we)．We took many photos __8__．Mum __9__(buy)many souvenirs for our other family members.That was a __10__(real)pleasant trip.I made a homepage on the Internet. Welcome to it!
【答案】1.a2.at3.called4.booked5.rooms6.and7.ourselves8.too9.bought10.really
阅读下列短文，掌握大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
One day, when a successful businessman opened the door of his car, a dog sleeping 　1　 his car suddenly came out and bit(咬) his leg! He threw a stone at the dog, 　2　 he was not able to hit it. How angry he was!
Upon 　3　 his office, the businessman called a meeting of the workers. He took out his anger(愤怒)on them. Gradually the businessman’s anger 　4　 the company.
The businessman was still angry after returning home. His wife asked him,“Why are you so late today ”The man 　5　,“I didn’t go to the office to play soccer. I went to work. So don’t ask such stupid questions!”
His wife was troubled about being shouted at 　6　. She turned her anger on their son who was watching TV.“This is all you do. You have no 　7　 in studying!Turn off the TV now!”she shouted.
The son became 　8　 as well. He walked out of his house and saw a dog passing by. He picked up a stone and threw it at the dog 　9　. The dog ran away,barking in pain.
Sometimes, when we are angry about something, we might take out our anger on 　10　. We should learn to control our anger.
1.A.on B.near C.in front of D.under
2.A.although B.if C.unless D.so
3.A.cleaning B.repairing C.filling D.reaching
4.A.ran into B.came over C.spread through D.rose up
5.A.answered B.shouted C.repeated D.said
6.A.for no reason B.after a while C.in that case D.by the way
7.A.time B.interest C.choice D.attention
8.A.relaxed B.lonely C.upset D.helpless
9.A.angrily B.actually C.simply D.painfully
10.A.another B.any other C.other D.others
1.【答案】D　
【解析】句意:一天,当一个成功的商人打开他的车门的时候,一只在他车底下睡觉的狗突然出来咬了他的腿。从“come out”一词可知,这只狗是在他看不见的地方。故选D。
2.【答案】A　
【解析】句意:他朝那只狗扔了一块石头,尽管他不能打到它。although引导让步状语从句,故选A。
3.【答案】D　
【解析】句意:一到他的办公室,这个商人就召集工人们开会。召集会议应该是到达办公室的事情,故选D。
4.【答案】C　
【解析】句意:渐渐地,这个商人的怒火传遍了整个公司。前面一句说他把愤怒发泄到工人们的身上,那么他的愤怒就散播到整个公司。故选C。
5.【答案】B　
【解析】句意:这个人大喊:“我没有去办公室踢球。我是去工作。所以不要问这么愚蠢的问题!”根据下文的“His wife was troubled about being shouted at 　6　.”可知,选B。
6.【答案】A　
【解析】句意:他的妻子为无缘无故地被骂而烦恼。for no reason无缘无故地,根据上下文可知,选A。
7.【答案】B　
【解析】你对学习没有兴趣!因为孩子在看电视,所以她说孩子对学习不感兴趣。故选B。
8.【答案】C　
【解析】句意:儿子也不高兴了。莫名其妙地被他妈妈批评,儿子一定不高兴。故选C。
9.【答案】A　
【解析】句意:他捡起一块石头,生气地朝着那只狗扔过去。前文讲过儿子不高兴,所以此处为生气地扔石头。故选A。
10.【答案】D　
【解析】句意:有时候,当我们因为某件事生气时,我们可能把我们的愤怒发泄在别人身上。others代词,其他人。故选D。
能力拓展
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