Module 12 Unit 1 If everyone starts to do something, the world will be saved.重点知识归纳和语法 讲解练习（含答案）

Module 12
Unit 1　If everyone starts to do something, the world will be saved.
知识点01The factory is causing a lot of pollution. 工厂造成许多污染。
【考点1】cause作动词，意为“引起；导致”；cause作名词，意为“原因；起因”。与cause有关的常用搭配：cause sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事；cause sb. sth.给某人带来某事。如：
What’s the cause of his illness 他生病的原因是什么
He caused his parents much trouble. 他给父母惹了很多麻烦。
【考点2】【辨析】pollute，pollution与polluted的用法辨析：
①pollute是动词，意为“污染”，后接名词或代词作宾语，其过去分词、过去分词均为polluted。如：
Don’t pollute our rivers with waste. 不要用废物污染我们的河流。
The factory polluted the air and the water nearby. 工厂污染了附近的空气的水源。
②pollution是不可数名词，意为“污染，污染物”。如：
The government asked to reduce the pollution. 政府要求减少空气的污染。
The air pollution has become a big problem. 空气污染已经成为了一个大问题。
③polluted是形容词，意为“受到污染的”，可以作表语或定语。如：
Polluted air is harmful to our health. 受污染的空气对我们的健康有害。
It is one of the most polluted areas in the world. 它是世界上受污染最严重的地区之一。
知识点02After our lesson on the environment, I’m worried about the future. 上完有关环境的课后，我对未来非常担心。
【考点3】be worried about（强调状态）意为“担心”，同义短语为worry about（强调动作）。其中worry是动词，意为“担心，焦虑，苦恼”，worried是形容词，意为“担心的，焦虑的”。如：
You don’t need to worry about him. 你不必担心他。
Don’t worry about/be worried about me, mum. 妈妈不要担心我。
They worry about/are worried about the bad weather. 他们担心坏天气。
知识点03If the rivers are polluted, farmers can’t use the water for their crops. 如果河流受到污染，农民就不能用河水去浇灌庄稼。
【考点4】use...for...意为“把……用于……”，for后一般接名词或动名词，强调用途或作用。短语be used for doing sth.意为“被用来做某事”相当于be used to do sth.；be used as...意为“被用着……”；used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作或状态，暗示现在不做了，to为不定式符号，后跟动词原形，used没有人称和时态的变化；be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，to是介词，后一般接名词、代词或动名词；use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”。其被动语态为be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”。如：
MP5 can be used for listening to music and seeing the films. MP5可以用来听音乐和看电影。
In many countries, English is used as the second language. 在许多国家，英语被用着第二语言。
I used to go shopping on Saturdays, but now I no longer do so. 过去我常常星期六去购物，但现在我不那样了。
The foreigners has been used to eating with chopsticks. 外国人已经习惯于用筷子吃东西。
We use the lift to go up and down. 我们用电梯来上下楼。
知识点04And in some places, pollution from factories spreads over cities and villages. 在一些地方，来自工厂的污染遍布城市和村庄。
【考点5】spread over意为“传遍；遍布在……；覆盖在……”。如
The news has spread over our school. 这个消息已经传遍了我们学校。
What he studied spread over many fields. 他所研究的内容涉及许多领域。
知识点05It makes people ill, and may even kill them. Pollution is a danger to our health. 污染使人生病，甚至可以让人丧命。污染危及我们的健康。
【考点6】makes sb./sth.+形容词，意为“使某人/某物处于某种状态”，make是使役动词，该结构为“动词+宾语+宾补”，除了形容词外，过去分词、动词原形也可以作宾补。如：
The good news made him very happy. 这个好消息使得他很高兴。
He could not make himself understood. 他不能让别人明白的他的意思。
What he said made me laugh for a few minutes. 他说的话让我笑了好几分钟。
【考点7】be a danger to sb. / sth.意为“对某人/物有危害；对某人/物是一种威胁；有伤害”，相当于be dangerous to。与danger有关的常用搭配：be in danger处于危险中；out of danger脱离危险。如：
Smoking is a serious danger to health. 吸烟对健康有严重的危害。
It is a danger to your computer’s health.=It is dangerous to your computer’s health. 这对你电脑的健康是个威胁。
知识点06And there are so many cars on the roads. They use so much oil and cause pollution as well. 路上的车非常多，这些车过多地耗油，也造成了污染。
【考点8】【辨析】so many与so much的用法辨析：
①so many意为“如此多的”，用来修饰可数名词复数。如：
He feels nervous when her faces so many people. 面对那么多人，他感到紧张。
You can’t crush so many people into the classroom. 你不能让这么多人挤进教室。
②so much意为“如此多的”，用来修饰不可数名词。如：
He has so much work to do that he can’t come this evening. 他有那么多的工作要做，以致他今晚不能来了。
There was so much noise outside that we couldn’t hear the teacher. 外面嘈杂声很大， 以致我们不能听到老师的话。
【考点9】【辨析】as well，also，too与either的用法辨析：
①as well意为“也，同样地”，一般位于肯定句句末，可与too互换，但as well前不加逗号。如：
She knows English. She knows French as well. 她懂英语，她也懂法语。
I went shopping yesterday, my English teacher went shopping as well. 我昨天去购物，我的英语老师昨天也去购物。
②also意为“也，还”，常用在肯定句或疑问句中，通常位于行为动词前，be动词、助动词或情态动词后。如：
My sister also wants to go to the concert. 我姐姐也想去音乐会。
My parent s are also my friends and helpers. 我的父母也是我的朋友和帮手。
③too意为“也”，常用在肯定句句末, 常用逗号和前面的句子隔开，有时也可以不用逗号和前面的句子隔开。如：
He can speak English, I can speak, too. 他会说英语，我也会说。
Tom is good at math, I am good at math, too. 汤姆擅长数学，我也擅长数学。
④either意为“也”，常用在否定句句末，词前加逗号和前面的句子隔开。如：
Bill isn’t short, I’m not, either. 比尔不矮，我也不矮。
I can’t swim, Mary can’t swim, either. 我不会游泳，玛丽也不会。
知识点07It’s no use talking about things we can’t do. 谈论我们不能做的事是没有意义的。
【考点10】It’s no use/no good/useless doing sth. 是固定句式，意为“做某事是没有用的”，是固定句式，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语。相当于There is no use doing...或It’s useless doing.../to do...或 It’s of no use doing...。use用作名词时，意为“用途/处”。如：
It’s no use/no good/useless crying. 哭是没有用的。
It is no use/no good/useless talking without doing. 光说不做是没有用的。
It’s no use giving advice to him. He won’t follow your suggestions. 给他提建议没有用, 他不会听你的。
知识点08Such as …？例如……
【考点11】【辨析】such as，like和for example 的用法辨析：
①such as 意为“比如，例如”，常列举同类人或物中的几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on连用，可分开使用such…as…，可和like互换。如：
English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia and Canada. 许多国家都讲英语，例如澳大利亚和加拿大。
The shop is selling many things, such as school things, food and toys. 那个商店买许多东西，比如，学习用品，食物和玩具。
②like介词，意为“像；例如”，表示列举，相当于such as。如：
Mr. Li keeps animals, like dogs, pigs and sheep, on the farm. 李先生在农场养像狗、猪和绵羊之类的动物。
I like many kinds of sports, such as basketball, table tennis and volleyball. 我喜欢多种运动，比如篮球、乒乓球和排球。
③for example意为“例如，比如”，一般只举同类人或事物中的一个为例子，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可位于句首、句中或句末。如：
Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution. 举例说明，噪音就是一种污染。
Ball games, for example, have spread around the world. 例如，球类运动已在世界各地传播开了。
知识点09Nice idea! 好主意！
【考点12】Nice idea! 意为“好主意！”相当于Good idea!。常用于回答日常生活中别人的建议或邀请，如句式Let’s…，How/What about… ，Why not/don’t you… ，Shall we… 等。如：
---- How about seeing the film Roman Holiday tonight 今晚去看电影《罗马假日》怎么样？ ---- Nice idea! 好主意。
---- What about playing basketball this Saturday afternoon 这个周六下午去打篮球怎么样？ ---- Nice/Good idea. 好主意。
知识点10At a green school, every class collects waste which can be recycled or used again. 在绿色学校里，每个班都收集可循环再生或再利用的废物。
【考点13】waste作名词，意为“废料；废弃物；白费；浪费”，其形容词为wasteful，意为“浪费的”；waste作动词，多是及物动词，意为“浪费；滥用”；waste作形容词，意为“废弃的；荒芜的”。用于it’s a waste of time/money/…to do sth.“做某事是浪费时间/金钱”；It’s a waste of time/money doing sth.“做某事是浪费时间/金钱”；waste time (in) doing sth.“浪费时间做某事”或waste time/money on sth.“在某事上浪费时间或金钱”。如：
Don’t waste your time. 别浪费你的时间。
Throwing away waste paper is wasteful. 扔掉废纸是浪费的。
Don’t waste your money on clothes. 不要把钱浪费在衣服上。
It’s a waste of time to wait/waiting any longer. 再等下去是白费时间。
Don’t waste time (in) playing computer games. 不要浪费时间玩电脑游戏。
【考点14】recycle 作动词，意为“回收利用，再循环；再使用”。re-是表示“重复；又”的前缀。类似的词还有reuse重新使用；rewrite重写；retell复述；再讲；重述；rebuild重建；等。如：
we should recycle all our waste paper. 我们应该回收利用我们所有的废纸。
The teacher asked me to rewrite the article. 老师要我重写那篇文章。
知识点11That means less waste. 那意味着减少浪费。
【考点15】less作形容词，在此处意为“较小的；较少的”，修饰不可数名词waste。less是little的比较级，little的最高级是least。指物体的体积或分量相对于别的物体少。less也可修饰形容词或副词，意为“较不……；更不……”。与less有关的常用搭配：less than少于，不超过；no less than不少于，不止。如：
It is less cold than it was yesterday. 今天的天气不如昨天那么冷。
He spent less time doing the experiments. 他做实验花的时间较少。
【辨析】fewer与less的用法辨析：
①fewer(few)意为“更少的”，修饰可数名词复数 。如：
She has fewer books than I. 她的书比我少。
There will be fewer trees in the future. 将来的树木会更少。
②less(little) 意为“更少的；更小的”，修饰不可数名词 。如：
She has less money than me. 她的钱比我的少。
The doctor advises me to eat less meat. 医生建议我少吃肉。
知识点12Though pollution is heavy now, I don’t think it’s hopeless. 尽管现在污染很严重，我认为还是有希望的。
【考点16】本句为主从复合句，其中though引导让步状语从句，I don’t think是主句，it’s hopeless作think的宾语从句，省略了引导词that。另外，I don’t think it’s hopeless是一种否定转移。这句话的双重否定，表示强烈的肯定语气。hopeless是形容词，意为“没有希望的；无望的”，由“hope+后缀-less”构成。其反义词为hopeful，意为“抱有希望的”。-less是常见的形容词后缀，可加在一些名词之后，表示“无……，没有……”。常见的加后缀-less构成的形容词：careless粗心的；马虎的；useless无用的；fearless无畏的；homeless无家可归的；harmless无害的colourless无色的；endless无止境的；tireless不倦的；countless数不清的。如：
It’s hopeless trying to convince her. 想说服她简直是徒劳。
The doctor said the old man’s condition was hopeless. 医生说这位老人的病是没有希望的了。
【拓展】hope可做名词和动词，表示“希望”。其用法如下：
①hope用于表示可能实现的事情，后接从句，用陈述语气。如：
I hope I shall see him again. 我希望再见他一次。
I hope I can understand more next time. 我希望下次能多听懂一些。
②hope 多用于指多好事物的盼望，预想；对坏事物的预想多用I am afraid…。如：
I hope it will be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天天气好。
He hopes that he can pass the maths exam. 我希望他能通过考试。
③hope 所希望的一般指将来或现在的事情，不指过去的事情。如：
I hope he will come. 我希望他会来。
I hope that you’ll have a nice time. 我希望你过得愉快。
④hope可用于hope to do sth.结构，但不能说hope sb. to do sth.。如：
I hope to see you as soon as possible. 我希望尽快见到你。
I hope to watch the football match again. 我希望再看一次那场足球赛。
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1．My father took me to his (工厂)by train yesterday.
2．The river has been (污染)by waste products.
3．Farmers need much water to water their (庄稼)．
4．Four people were (杀死)in the car accident yesterday.
5．There is (较少的)water in the bottle than in the glass.
【答案】1.factory2.polluted3.crops4.killed5.less
Ⅱ.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1．People in many countries are encouraged (recycle)paper，plastic and water.
2．People use this kind of machine (make)corn noodles.
3．I have many hobbies，such as (collect)stamps and swimming.
4．If it (not rain)tomorrow，we will go to collect waste water for recycling.
5．He failed his job interview again，and he felt really (hope)about the future.
【答案】1.to recycle2.to make3.collecting4.doesn't rain5.hopeless
题组B 能力提升练
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
There are many ways to save the environment if you would like.In this passage，you can find some __1__(way)．
Plant more trees.Choose __2__ right ground near your house or workplace.Unless there's any rule stopping you growing trees in that area，__3__(go)ahead and grow trees.Plant a tree every month and encourage your friends and classmates __4__(join)you.Have more and more trees planted and there will come a day when you have green land，thanks __5__ your hard work.
Walk more and drive __6__(little)．Choose to walk rather than drive your car.Walk or ride a bicycle to work if it's not very far.Not only cycling but __7__ (walk)is good exercise.And each time you avoid using your car，you're doing something __8__(help)to cut down air pollution.You are saving fuel，saving money and keeping fit as well.
Save water.Water is very important for living things.It's we who use and pollute it.The simplest way to save water is turning __9__ water taps after using.When you visit a beach，make sure that you don't throw waste around.Do not pollute rivers by dropping garbage or other waste.Water is so precious __10__ we can't waste or pollute it.
【答案】1.ways2.the3.go 4.to join5.to6.less5.walking8.helpful9.off10.that
题组C 培优拔尖练
Maybe you think that many parents have a lot to learn about what their children are doing online. According to a recent survey by Symantec Company, which makes many kinds of security(安全)software for home and business computers, there's a "huge difference between parents and their kids".
Parents of children under the age of 18 were asked to estimate(估计)how much time their kids spent online each week. The parents said about three hours a week on average(平均).The kids－ages 8 to 17－who took the survey said they were spending an average of seven hours online each week.
"I really think that's because of the time they spend on their mobile phones and computers, when their parents don't even know they're online," says Symantec's Bill Rosenkrantz. "Remember, cellphones, PADs and video game machines all make it possible to surf the Internet. You don't have to sit in front of a computer screen."
And what are the kids doing on the Web "They're doing things, like downloading music, they're going to social networking sites, they're actually shopping online when parents don't think they're doing those kinds of activities," says Rosenkrantz. "They're also, we think, doing some things with research papers and other kinds of activities with homework maybe where they're getting some information online and they really shouldn't be." Nearly a quarter of the kids (23 percent) might do things their parents would not agree.
So how does a modern parent deal with this type of situation "The first thing we strongly recommend is that parents spend time with their children online," Rosenkrantz, says. "Sit down with them and understand what they're doing. Secondly, have a dialogue about it. Have a dialogue about what's an acceptable activity, what's an unacceptable activity, and set some ground rules－time online, things you can and can't do. Really have those conversations. That's the most important ." There are a lot of bad people on the Internet. That's why it's so important for parents to know what their kids are doing online.
1. The data(数据)in the second paragraph are used to show .
A. parents don't exactly know kids' online time
B. time spent online changes with children's ages
C. children always spend too much time online
D. children spend more time online than their parents
2. What can we learn from the passage
A. Parents are too busy to pay attention to their kids.
B. Most parents know what their kids are doing online.
C. Special home computers are being made by Symantec.
D. Some kids surveyed may go against their parents' wishes.
3. In Rosenkrantz's opinion, the key to the situation is that parents should .
A. know their kids' online activities B. shorten their kids' time spent online
C. have a dialogue with their kids D. use security software in computers
4. What's the purpose of the passage
A. To advertise a piece of useful security software.
B. To call parents' attention to kids' online behaviour.
C. To warn children of the risks online activities.
D. To give reasons for kids' bad Internet habits.
1.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题,根据第二段的数据可知,父母估计孩子们每周上网的平均时间为3个小时,而实际上是7个小时,这说明父母并不确定孩子到底上网多长时间,故选A
2.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题.根据第四段中的 Nearly quarter of the kids(23 percent admit to doing things their parents would not approve可知,有近四分之一的孩子们做父母不赞成的事情,故选D
3.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题.根据最后一段中的have dialog about it. Have dialog about what's' an acceptable activity.what's an unacceptable activity, and set some ground rules-- time online, things you can and can't do. Really have those conversations.that' 's the most important可知,最重要的是要与孩子谈一谈,告诉他们哪些是可以做的,哪些是不可以做的,故选C
4.【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题,第一段提到了调查表明父母对孩子上网情况的估计与实际情况很不相同,下文就是具体介绍了这个调查的内容,所以这筒文章是对这次调查的简要介绍,故选B
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