Module 12 Unit 2 Repeat these three words daily: reduce, reuse and recycle.重点知识归纳和语法 讲解练习（含答案）

Module 12
Unit 2　Repeat these three words daily reduce, reuse and recycle.
知识点01Do you buy new clothes just because they are modern 你仅仅因为时髦而买新衣服吗？
【考点1】【辨析】clothes，cloth与clothing的用法辨析：
①clothes意为“衣服”，统指各种衣服，是一个没有单数形式的复数名词，谓语动词是复数，其前不可加不定冠词，也不可加数词，但可用some, these, those, many, few等词修饰。如：
I need to buy some clothes. 我需要买一些衣服。
She has a lot of clothes in her bedroom. 她的卧室里有很多衣服。
②cloth指布，常用作不可数名词，a piece of cloth意为“一块布”，如指有特殊用途的布时则为可数名词，复数形式为cloths。如：
Clean the windows with a soft cloth. 用块软布擦窗子。
I need three yards of cloth to make a suit. 我需要三尺布来做一套衣服。
③clothing表示“衣服”的总称，是一个不可数的集合名词。如：
They wear very little clothing. 他们衣服穿得很少。
We need warm clothing for the winter. 我们需要暖和的衣服过冬。
知识点02Do you turn off the lights when you leave the room 离开房间时你关灯吗？
【考点2】turn off意为“关掉(水源、煤气、电源等)”，其反义词是turn on。该短语是“动词+副词”构成的短语。如果它的宾语是代词要放在“动词+副词”中间，如果它的宾语是名词既可以放在“动词+副词”的中间也可以放在动词和副词的后面。与turn有关的常用短语：turn up调高(音量) ；turn down调低（音量）。如：
Be quick. Turn off the gas. 快点，把煤气关掉。
You must turn off the lights when you leave the room. 当你离开房间的时必须关灯。
知识点03Do you take your own bag when shopping and not ask for a plastic bag 购物时你自己带包而不是要塑料袋吗？
【考点3】ask是动词，意为“请求，要求”，其用法如下：
①ask for sb. 意为“要求见到某人”。介词for引出要求希望见到的人。如：
Someone is asking for you at the door. 有人在门口找你。
Someone is asking for you at the school gate. 有人在学校大门口要见你。
②ask for sth. 意为“请求给予某物”。介词for引出要求希望得到的东西。如：
He wants to ask for some water. 他想要一些水。
May I ask for a photo of your family 我能要一张你们家人的照片吗？
③ask sb. for sth. 意为“请求某人给予某物，向某人要某物”。如：
They asked her for some water. 他们向她要些水。
Look! She is asking a policeman for help. 看！她正在向一名警察求助。
知识点04And what do you do with the bottles whey they are empty 瓶子空了时你怎样处理它们？
【考点4】【辨析】do with与deal with的用法辨析：
①do with意为“处理，处置，对付”，do是及物动词，后可接宾语，因此do with要与可作宾语的疑问代词what连用，构成特殊疑问句。What do you do with… 意为“你怎样处理……？”。如：
What will you do with your old books 你将怎样处理你的旧书？
I don’t know what to do with the letter. 我不知道怎样处置这封信。
②deal with意为“处理，处置，对付”，因此要与疑问副词how连用，构成特殊疑问句。如：
How will you deal with the naughty boy 你将怎样处理这个淘气的男孩？
What do you do with the matter =How do you deal with the matter 你如何处理这件事情？
知识点05Do you divide the waste into things to recycle and things to throw away 你将废品分成可回收利用的和丢弃的吗？
【考点5】divide...into/in...意为“把……划分为/分成……”。divide是及物动词，意为“分开；分隔”，指把一个整体分成若干部分。如：
The book is divided into six sections. 这本书分为六部分。
Mr. Wang divided his class into five groups. 王老师把他的班分成五个组。
【辨析】divide与separate的用法辨析：
①divide指把整体分成若干部分，被分开的对象在一定的条件下具有一定的统一性，常与介词into或in连用。如：
A year is divided into four seasons. 一年分为四季。
Please divide the apple into four pieces. 请把这儿苹果分成四块。
②separate常与from连用，表示“把……从……分离”，指把原来连在一起或靠近的各个部分隔开，被分隔开的对象没有统一性。如：
In the fog, they got separated from the team. 他们和团队在雾中分开了。
Tom wants to separate his music career from his movie career. 汤姆想把他的音乐事业和电影事业分开。
【考点6】throw away意为“扔掉；丢弃”。该短语是“动词+副词”结构的短语，当宾语是代词时，代词要放在短语中间。与throw连用的常见搭配：throw about乱丢，乱扔；throw at投向；throw back扔回；throw oneself into sth.积极投身入某事中去。如：
The food got bad. I have thrown it away. 那食物坏了。我把它扔掉了。
When are you going to throw away those old magazines 你打算什么时候扔掉那些旧杂志？
知识点06We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day, and it is harmful to our environment. 我们都需要一个健康的环境，但我们每天制造废物，这对我们的环境是有害的。
【考点7】【辨析】every day，everyday与daily的用法辨析：
①every day是两个单词，后面不能有名词被它修饰，只能在句中作状语。如：
It rained practically every day. 几乎天天下雨。
I practices everyday English every day. 我每天都练习日常英语。
②everyday 是形容词，“每日的，每天的”，指普通或平常的事，它用来修饰后面的名词。如：
Cooking dinners is her everyday job. 做饭是她每日的工作。
Computers are part of our everyday life. 现在电脑已经是日常生活的一部分了。
③daily是形容词，指“每日的”，指的是每 24 小时发生一次的，或指每日必然发生的；用作副词的 daily 几乎与 every day 同义，两者常可换用，只是后者更口语化。如：
We milk the cows twice daily/every day. 我们每天给奶牛挤两次奶。
Computers are used widely in our daily life. 电脑在我们的日常生活中被广泛使用。
【考点8】be harmful to= do harm to=be bad for意为“对……有害”。其反义词为do good to=be good for，意为“对……有好处”。harmful是形容词，意为“有害的”，其反义词是harmless意为“无害的”。其名词和动词形式都是harm意为“伤害；害处”。如：
Fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth. 果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。
Watching TV too much is harmful to/does harm to your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛有害处。
Exercise will do good to your health. 锻炼将对你的健康有益。
知识点07Repeat these three words daily: reduce, reuse and recycle. 每天重复这三个单词:减少、重复利用和回收利用。
【考点9】repeat是动词，意为“重说；重新做”。repeat不可与again搭配使用。如：
I repeated after the teacher word by word. 我跟着老师一个字一个字地读。
We repeated the experiment and got the same result. 我们把试验又重做了一遍，结果仍然一样。
【拓展】前缀“re-”，意为“再一次，重复”。常见的词有：reuse重复使用；rebroadcast重播；rebirth再生；rebuild重建；remake重新录制；recount重新计票；regain收回，复得；relive重新体验。
知识点08Reduce means “use less”. 减少意思是“少用”。
【考点10】reduce是动词，意为“减少；减低；缩小”。其常用搭配如下：reduce by下降了……；reduce to下降到… …。如：
The driver reduced the driving speed. 司机降低了驾驶速度。
The price was reduced by 10 percent. 价格降低了10%。
I will buy the coat if it is reduced to 20 yuan. 如果那件衣服降到20元，我就买。
知识点09Use things for as long as possible. 尽可能长时间地使用东西。
【考点11】as...as possible意为“尽可能……”。as...as意为“和……一样”，as...as 之间加形容词或副词的原级；be not so/as...as意为“和……不一样”。如：
We have to run as fast as possible. 我们必须尽可能快地跑。
Please answer my question as soon as possible. 请尽快回答我的问题。
My English is not as good as his. 我的英语学得不如他好。
知识点10Repair them if possible. 如果可能，修理它们。
【考点12】if possible意为“如果可能”，是if it is possible的省略。如：
I’ll go with you if possible. 如果可能的话，我和你一起去。
If possible, try to guess the answer. 如果可能，尽力猜出答案。
【拓展】if引导省略句的常见情况：if any如果有的话；if necessary如果需要的话；if ever如果曾经有的话；if possible如果可能的话；if not如果不这样的话；if so如果是那样的话。
知识点11It is better to use china cups and cloth bags because they can be used many times. 最好用瓷杯和布袋，因为可以多次使用。
【考点13】It is better to do sth.意为“最好做某事”。it在这里作形式主语，作不定式to do sth.的形式主语。与better有关的常用搭配：had better do sth.意为“最好做某事”；had better not do sth.意为“最好不要做某事”。如：
Is it possible to go by bike 骑自行车去可能吗？
It’s not easy to get him to change his mind. 让他改变主意不容易。
知识点12Recycle means “change things into something else to be reused”. 回收利用意思是“将某件东西变成别的东西再利用”。
【考点14】change...into...是固定搭配，意为“把……变成……”，强调形式上的转变。change作动词，意为“改变，变化”。与change有关的常用短语change...for...意为“用……换……”。如：
You cannot change iron into gold. 你无法把铁变成金子。
They are changing desert into farmland. 他们正在使沙漠变为农田。
I’d like to change the books for the photo. 我想用这本书换这张照片。
知识点13We throw tons of rubbish away each year, and we have to make a change. 我们每年扔掉许多垃圾，我们必须改变。
【考点15】tons of意为“大量，许多的，一大堆（口语）”，后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词，用来形容数量很大。ton是量词，意为“吨”。拓展tons of位于数词后，表示具体的吨数，a ton of...意为“一吨……”；two tons of...意为“两吨……”。如：
I have tons of things to do. 我有很多事情要做。
The movie star received tons of fan’s mails. 那位影星收到了许许多多影迷的来信。
We stored up ten tons of coal for the winter. 我们为过冬储备了10吨煤。
Each stone weighs about two tons. 每块石头重约二吨。
知识点14We cannot hope for rapid change, but let’s take these simple steps today so that we will save the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow. 我们不能期待立竿见影的变化，但是让我们从今天就开始采取这些简单的措施吧，以便我们将来为我们的子孙拯救世界。
【考点16】hope for意为“希望，期盼，盼望”，表示对某物充满希望或者很有信心。与hope有关的短语：hope to do sth.希望做某事。如：
We are hoping for good weather. 我们希望天气好。
Everyone hopes for a great future. 每个人都希望有好的未来。
I hope to see you as soon as possible. 我希望尽快见到你。
【考点17】【辨析】rapid，fast与quick的用法辨析：
①fast表示“快”，侧重指速度方面。常指人或物持续地快速运动，强调运动的方式。如：
She ran as fast as she could. 她有好快就跑好快。
You are reading too fast for me to follow. 你读得太快，我跟不上。
②quick 通常表示某一动作来得突然或时间持续很短，有时还含有匆忙之意(但通常不指动作的频率)。如：
He had a quick look at it. 他匆匆地扫了一眼。
She ate a quick breakfast and rushed off to work. 她匆匆吃了早餐就赶去上班。
③rapid是形容词，意为“快速的；迅速的”，比另外两词要稍正式些，通常指突然或急速(且连续不断)的动作。还可指一种有益的高速度(相比之下，fast 和 quick 有时指无益的急速)。如：
He made rapid progress in English. 他在英语方面进步很快。
He walked down the street at a rapid pace. 他以快速的步伐沿街走去。
【考点18】take steps意为“采取措施”；take steps to do sth.意为“采取措施做某事”。step是名词，意为“步骤；措施”。与step有关的常用短语：step by step一步步地，逐渐地；watch one’s step小心行事，当心。如：
We need to take some steps to reduce pollution. 我们需要采取一些措施来减少污染。
We must take steps to prevent this from happening again. 我们一定要采取措施使这样的事不再发生。
【考点19】【辨析】so that和so…that…的用法辨析：
①so that可引导目的状语从句，意为“以便；为了；目的是”，此时so that后面从句中的谓语动词常和can, could, may, might, should等情态动词连用。如：
He get up very early so that he can catch the train. 他起得很早以便能赶上火车。
I finished my homework quickly so that I could go to bed earlier. 我很快地完成了作业以便我能够早点睡觉.
【拓展】so that也可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此；所以”，在口语中that可以省略。如：
He raised his voice, so that everyone heard him. 他提高了声音，结果大家都听见了。
He hurried to the station so that he caught the early bus. 他匆匆忙忙赶到车站，结果搭上了早班车。
②so … that …“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词或副词的原级。如：
We trained so hard that we won the game. 我们训练如此刻苦，以至于我们赢了比赛。
I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over. 我跌倒多次，弄得全身青一块紫一块。
题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1．—What would you like，Tony
—A (瓶)of water.
2．I told him I was his second eldest (孙子)．
3．I think diet is the first (步骤)to lose weight.
4． (回收利用)waste paper means protecting trees.
5．Do take your own cloth bag when you go shopping instead of (塑料的)bags.
【答案】1.bottle2.grandson3.step 4.Recycling 5.plastic
Ⅱ.用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
divide into；change…into；do with；
ask for；take steps
1．When something is wrong with my computer，I don't know what to it.
2．At the age of nineteen，I part time jobs in some small radio stations.
3．We are four groups to do the experiment.
4．Will you please help me some dollars RMB
5．We should to protect our environment.
【答案】1.do with2.asked for3.divided into4.change into 5.take steps
题组B 能力提升练
A．用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。每词仅用一次。
1．The teacher __divided__ the class into small groups.
2．Waste paper mustn't __be__thrown__away__．We should keep our environment clean.
3．It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a __rapid__ way!
4．Mr Wu is really a good teacher.He spends as much time as he can __repeating__ grammar rules for us.
5．The pair of sunglasses is made of __plastic__.
【答案】1.divided2.be thrown away3.rapid4.repeating5.plastic
B．根据短文内容和括号内所给汉语意思，写出空白处各单词的正确形式(每空一词)。
We should do something that we can to __6__(保护)the environment.In our __7__(每日的)life，we should __8__(分开)the waste into things to recycle and things to throw away.Try to use __9__(瓷器)cups and bags.While shopping，it's better to use baskets than to use __10__(塑料的)bags.Don't always think of buying new things.Some __11__(用过的)things are as good as new ones.We can't hope for a __12__(快速的)change，but let's take __13__(措施)from now on.Repeat these things every day: __14__(减少)，reuse and __15__(回收利用)．
【答案】6.protect7.daily8.divide 9.china10.plastic11.used12.rapid13.steps14.reduce15.recycle
题组C 培优拔尖练
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Boys and girls，have you ever read the book The Adventures of a Plastic Bottle？It's written __1__ Alison Inches，a __2__(success)children's book author.
This is a great diary story about __3__(recycle)，told from the point of view of a plastic bottle.It __4__(describe)the life of the plastic bottle from the factory to the store shelf，then to the rubbish bin and __5__(final)to a recycling centre where it starts a new life as a jacket.
This book is both humorous __6__ educational.It creates a sweet journey for its young readers __7__(follow)and enjoy.It teaches us that recycling is not only good __8__ the environment，but also gives something that seems not so __9__(value)a change to be something else entirely.Read the book __10__ you haven't read it.And you will never look at a plastic bottle the same way again!
【答案】1.by2.successful3.recycling4.describes5.finally6.and7.to follow8.for9.valuable10.if
　　Why do zebras have stripes(条纹) Scientists might have the answer. They say the stripes seem to confuse flies. They are less likely to bite zebras.
Scientists did a new study. They studied horses. They studied zebras. They also studied horses dressed as zebras. The scientists learned that stripes might help to stop insects. The study also helped find out why.
Martin How is a scientist. He worked on the study. He said they watched horseflies. They watched how horseflies acted around nine horses and three zebras. Horseflies flew around the animals and then more flies landed on the horses. Fewer flies landed on the zebras. The scientists wanted to know why. So the scientists did a test. They put black, white and zebra-striped coats on seven horses. The flies did not land on the zebra-striped coat as much as the others.
The stripes did not confuse flies from far away, the scientists said. It only worked when the flies got close. The flies cannot see very well. That might be the reason. Mr. How said that zebras come from parts of the world where flies are a bigger problem. They carry bad diseases. Horses are different from zebras. They have lived in different environments. Diseases from flies are not so bad there, he said.
He added that this might not be the full story. Scientists think stripes could have other uses. They could help zebras hide. They could even be part of how zebras communicate with each other.
1.What does the word “confuse” mean in Paragraph 1
A.Attract. B.Puzzle. C.Clear. D.Catch.
2.What does the underlined word“They”refer to in Paragraph 4
A.Horses. B.Flies. C.Zebras. D.Butterflies.
3.Why do scientists want to learn more about zebras’ stripes
A.Because they want to study zebras’ living environment.
B.Because they want to make new zebra-striped clothing.
C.Because they think stripes could help zebras hide or communicate.
D.Because they think stripes might cause zebras to get serious diseases.
4. What’s the best title of the passage
A.A Special Survey
B.The Zebra and the Horse
C.The Secrets of Zebras’ Stripes
D.The Influence of the Environment
1.【答案】B　
【解析】词义猜测题。由该词的后一句(苍蝇较少咬斑马)可知,confuse意为迷惑。
【答案】B　
【解析】词义猜测题。由该词前一句“flies are a bigger problem”可知they指flies。
【答案】C　
【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后两句可知答案。
【答案】C　
【解析】主旨大意题。由文章的主要内容(科学家研究斑马的条纹)可知答案。
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