2023届统考版高考英语二轮专项分层特训阅读理解保分练含答案（共8份）

阅读理解保分练(八)　主旨大意题——标题归纳类
　
A
[2022·云南省高三检测]A fine arts museum in Belgium has returned a painting to the heirs (继承人) of a German Jewish couple who had their property (财产) stolen by the Nazi regime before World War Ⅱ.
Blumenstilleben (Still Life with Flowers) painted in 1913 by German artist Lovis Corinth, was among dozens of artworks stolen by the Nazis from Gustav and Emma Mayer. The couple fled Frankfurt to Belgium in 1938, and later settled in the UK.
After the war, the painting of pink flowers in a blue vase was exhibited in Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. The authorities at the time failed to establish the original owner.
In 2008, the museum asked the public to provide information about the painting, after which it was eventually contacted by a lawyer representing the grandchildren of the Mayers. The Belgian government promised to return the artwork to the couple's grandchildren last year. Museum workers finally took down the painting on Thursday and wheeled it off to deliver to the family.
“They are very happy. I'm sure it's a very emotional moment for them，” lawyer Imke Gielen said, as quoted by Ouest France.
Museum Director Michel Draguet said, “I think it's really important for the museum to show that we have ethics (道德) and that we are dealing with history.”
Last month, the French parliament approved the return of 15 paintings, including Gustav Klimt's Rosiers sous les arbres (Rosebushes under the Trees) and Marc Chagall's Le Père, to the heirs of Jewish families who had their property looted (掠夺) by the Nazis.
1．How did the museum find the owners of the painting
A．By publicizing the search.
B．By consulting history experts.
C．By checking relevant documents.
D．By contacting local lawyers.
2．What did Michel Draguet think about returning the painting
A．It was pleasant.
B．It was an emotional action.
C．It was unforgettable.
D．It was a rightful action.
3．Which painting shows flowers in a vase, as mentioned in the text
A．Blumenstilleben.
B．Rosiers sous les arbres.
C．Le Père.
D．Les Nymphéas.
4．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Should Stolen Treasures Be Returned to Original Owners
B．Is It Legal to Keep German Nazi Property in Museums
C．The Museum Has Returned a Painting Looted by the Nazis Many Years Ago
D．In Search of Artworks Lost During World War Ⅱ
B
[2022·成都市高三检测]Forests have a crucial role in cooling Earth's surface by absorbing CO2 like a sponge (海绵). But only two thirds of their cooling power comes from their ability to suck in CO2 and store it, according to a study by Deborah Lawrence, an environmental scientist. The other one third comes from the biophysical effects—their ability to create clouds, dampen the air and release cooling chemicals.
“Trees in the forests provide shade, but they also dampen the air by pulling water from the ground and releasing it from their leaves, which helps to cool the surrounding area in a way similar to sweating，” Lawrence says.
This,__in turn, creates the right conditions for clouds, which, like snow and ice in the Arctic, can reflect sunlight higher into the atmosphere and further cool the surroundings. Trees also release organic compounds that react with other chemicals in the atmosphere to sometimes create a net cooling effect.
To quantify (量化) these effects，Lawrence and her colleagues compared how the various effects of forests around the world feed into the climate system, breaking down their contributions in ranges of ten degrees of latitude (纬度). The researchers found that the world's forests cool the surface of the planet by around 0.5℃ because of biophysical effects alone.
“Threats to rainforests are dangerous not only for the global climate, but for communities that are close to the forests，” Lawrence says. She and her colleagues found that the cooling caused by biophysical effects was especially significant locally. “Having a rainforest nearby can help to protect an area's agriculture and cities from heatwaves，” Lawrence says. “Every tenth of a degree matters in limiting extreme weather. And where you have forests, the extreme weather events are minimized.”
This study confirms that forests have other significant ways of affecting the climate system, giving us more reasons why deforestation is bad for the climate. It could enable scientists to improve their climate models, while helping governments to work out better conservation and climate strategies.
5．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．The tree leaves in forests.
B．The shade provided by trees.
C．The surrounding area in forests.
D．The water circulation done by trees.
6．How did Lawrence quantify the biophysical effects of forests
A．By removing some other factors.
B．By comparing data of different times.
C．By studying the contributions separately.
D．By measuring the temperature in different places.
7．What is the significance of Lawrence's study
A．It develops a new climate model.
B．It matters in limiting extreme weather.
C．It highlights the dangers of deforestation.
D．It provides a scientific basis for conservation efforts.
8．What's the best title of the text
A．Forests: More Than a Carbon Sponge
B．Forests: The Disappearing Green Lung
C．Forests: Major Players in Carbon Cycles
D．Forests: Guardians of Local Communities
C
[2022·武汉市高三模拟]The city of Venice, Italy, has finally made a long awaited decision. Starting on August 1, 2021, cruise ships (游轮) will no longer be allowed to enter the city's waters.
Contrary to popular opinion, these cruise ship visitors contribute relatively little to the local tourism economy. The New York Times reported cruise ship passengers amount to 73% of visitors, but contribute a mere 18% of tourism dollars. “The percentage is inverted for people who spend at least one night at a hotel; They represent 14% of visitors, but 48% of the business.”
Many people are overjoyed by the news, especially environmental activists. Firstly, the cruise ships would disturb the waterways and erode (侵蚀) the foundations of already weak buildings. A 2019 study published in Nature found the waves created by large ships could “redistribute industrial pollutants already present in the waters”. Others have said these same waves carve huge holes in the underwater bottoms of buildings, making them unstable. Furthermore, when canals are deepened in order to allow larger boats, it destroys coastal habitats and makes floods worse. This is part of the reason why, in recent years, Venice has experienced terrible flooding that completely flooded St. Mark's Square and other landmarks.
The announcement came as a surprise as many did not expect the regional government to act so swiftly. In April a projected ban was issued, but it depended on finding an alternative port for the ships—a requirement that local people complained could take years to achieve. The announcement made last week, however, did away with that condition, allowing the city to move forward quickly with the ban.
Hopefully, more travelers are also realizing industrial style tourism is a terrible way to travel for many reasons. It's not unlike industrial agriculture and fast fashion in that its goal is to force as many sights, landmarks, and countries into a tight schedule as possible, for as little money as possible. Its concentration on convenience erodes human connections, and preservation of meaningful spots that make travel so valuable in the first place.
9．What does the underlined word “inverted” mean in Paragraph 2
A．Increased slightly.
B．Looked down upon.
C．Adjusted accordingly.
D．Turned upside down.
10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Reasons for Venice's terrible floods.
B．Dangers cruise ships brought about.
C．Reaction to the long awaited decision.
D．Damage erosion waves did to buildings.
11．What is Venetians' attitude toward the April ban
A．Unclear. B．Hopeful.
C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.
12．What is the best title for the text
A．Venice Says “No” to Cruise Ships
B．The Long awaited Decision Is Made
C．Cruise Ships Erode Ancient Venice
D．Venice Tries to Preserve Its Waterway
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
答案
阅读理解保分练（八）
A
语篇类型：新闻报道　主题语境：人与社会——历史与文化——博物馆归还画作
【文章大意】　比利时皇家美术博物馆将二战前纳粹掠夺走的画作归还给了一对德国犹太夫妇的后人。
1．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the museum asked the public to provide information about the painting”可知，该博物馆向公众征集信息，从而确定画作的主人，故A项正确。
2．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Michel Draguet所说的“I think it's really important for the museum to show that we have ethics （道德）”可知，Michel Draguet认为归还画作的行为是正确的，是遵循道德的，故D项正确。rightful “正确的；公正的；合法的”。
3．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Blumenstilleben （Still Life with Flowers） painted in 1913 by German artist Lovis Corinth”和第三段中的“After the war, the painting of pink flowers in a blue vase was exhibited in Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium”以及语境可以推断，Blumenstilleben就是那幅关于装在花瓶里的花的画作，故A项正确。
4．答案与解析：C　标题归纳题。分析文章类型可知，本文是一则新闻报道。综合全文内容，尤其是第一段“A fine arts museum in Belgium has returned a painting...before World War Ⅱ”可知，本文主要讲述了比利时的一个美术博物馆将二战前纳粹从一对德国犹太夫妇那里掠夺走的画作归还给了其后人的故事，故C项适合作本文的标题。
B
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——自然生态——森林对周围环境的降温作用
【文章大意】　森林像海绵一样吸收二氧化碳，在冷却地球表面方面起着至关重要的作用，但一项研究表明它们的冷却能力只有三分之二来自吸收并储存二氧化碳的能力。另外三分之一来自生物物理效应——它们能够制造云层、使空气潮湿和释放冷却化学物质。
5．答案与解析：D　代词猜测题。根据第二段中的“they also dampen the air by pulling water from the ground and releasing it from their leaves, which helps to cool the surrounding area in a way similar to sweating”可知，它们也通过从地面吸水并从叶子中释放水分来使空气湿润，这有助于周围地区降温，类似于出汗。由此可知，This指代的是树木的水循环。故选D。
6．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To quantify （量化） these effects, Lawrence and her colleagues compared how the various effects of forests around the world feed into the climate system, breaking down their contributions in ranges of ten degrees of latitude （纬度）”可知，Lawrence是通过单独研究森林的贡献来量化森林的生物物理效应的。故选C。
7．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“She and her colleagues found that the cooling caused by biophysical effects was especially significant locally”“Having a rainforest nearby can help to protect an area's agriculture and cities from heatwaves”及最后一段的内容可知，Lawrence的研究的意义在于它为保护工作提供了科学依据。故选D。
8．答案与解析：A　标题归纳题。根据Lawrence的研究可知，降温作用只是森林的其中一个作用。由此可知，A项“Forests: More Than a Carbon Sponge”（森林：不仅仅是一块碳海绵）最适合作本文标题。
C
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——旅游——威尼斯禁止游轮进入城市水域
【文章大意】　2021年8月1日起，威尼斯禁止游轮进入城市水域。本文主要讲述了人们对此禁令的反应、游轮的危害和工业风格旅游的危害等。
9．答案与解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“cruise ship passengers amount to 73% of visitors, but contribute a mere 18% of tourism dollars”“They represent 14% of visitors, but 48% of the business”可以看出，游客比例和创收方面是不对应的，是“反向的”，故D项与画线词的意思最为接近。
10．答案与解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“disturb the waterways and erode （侵蚀） the foundations of already weak buildings...carve huge holes in the underwater bottoms of buildings, making them unstable...destroys coastal habitats and makes floods worse”可知，本段主要讲了游轮带来的危害，故B项正确。
11．答案与解析：C　观点态度题。根据第四段中的“local people complained could take years to achieve”可以看出，威尼斯人对4月份的禁令持怀疑的态度，故C项正确。
12．答案与解析：A　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Starting on August 1, 2021, cruise ships （游轮） will no longer be allowed to enter the city's waters”可知，本文主要讲述了威尼斯禁止游轮进入城市水域，故A项最适合作本文的标题。阅读理解保分练(二)　细节理解题——间接信息类
　
A
[2022·潍坊市高三模拟]My memories of my father are divided into parts. Alive, and then dead. Healthy, and then helpless. And further back in time, the first and most division: Present and then absent; loving, and then indifferent (漠不关心).
He used to be a good writer and a loving father. When I was a 16 year old girl, he was fired from his company, a public, gossip based dismissal that he would spend decades refusing responsibility for. This was the first crack that divided my relationship with him into poles of before and after. To escape his shame, he pushed away those who reminded him of it, first divorcing my mother, then alienating (使疏远) my sister and I.
As an adult, my relationship with my father was one of low expectations and high boundaries. He spent most of his time traveling. But when he died of heart failure in August, I was knocked off balance by the weight of the blow. I thought that after years of setting up delicate fences around our relationship, I had already begun letting go. His death delivered a realization: despite years of analyzing his complicated love for me, there were pieces of my father I never understood—until I found my father's notebooks in his cupboard.
In the notebooks, he often collected documentation: train tickets from Rome or a photograph of San Francisco's Prescott Hotel. But what he was also doing was offering fatherly guidance, the kind I could only receive after he died. His life, in which what he had was never quite enough, was eventually exposed. In his final decade, he realized he had built a castle for himself upon sand and regret. Now in his entries, I hear his voice. “Debaleh，” I hear him say, using his pet name for me, “learn from my mistakes.”
I read these pages among my dad's clothes, and wept. I hadn't known that my father, too, lived with that familiar ache for new horizons in his heart, the one that can only be comforted by traveling.
1．Why did the author's father keep away from his family
A．They weren't responsible members.
B．He didn't get on well with his wife.
C．Their presence recalled his sad experience.
D．They talked behind others' backs everywhere.
2．How did the author feel when hearing of her father's death
A．She was in tears.
B．She was in panic.
C．She got lost in thought.
D．She lost her inner peace.
3．What advice did the author's father give her
A．Writing a journal carefully.
B．Traveling more for relaxation.
C．Avoiding following in his footsteps.
D．Obeying his guidance thoroughly.
4．What made the author end up crying
A．Finding her father's clothes.
B．Getting to know her late father.
C．Failing to look for new horizons.
D．Knowing her father's heart disease.
B
[2022·沈阳市高三一模]Earth is far more alive than we previously thought, according to “deep life” studies that reveal a rich ecosystem beneath our feet that is almost twice the size of all the world's oceans. Despite extreme heat, no light and intense pressure, scientists estimate it has between 15 billion and 23 billion tonnes of microorganisms. “It's like finding a whole new reservoir (储藏) of life on Earth，” said Karen Lloyd, an associate professor at the University of Tennessee.
Results suggest 70 percent of Earth's bacteria and archaea exist in the subsurface. One organism found 2.5 kilometers below the surface has been buried for millions of years and may not rely at all on energy from the sun. Also, the methanogen (产甲烷菌) has found a way to create methane in this environment, which it may not use to reproduce or divide, but use to replace or repair broken parts. Lengths of their lives are completely different. Some microorganisms have been alive for thousands of years, barely moving except shifts in earthquakes or eruptions. They're just active inside, with less energy than people thought possible to support life.
The team consists of 1，200 scientists from 52 countries in disciplines ranging from geology and microbiology to chemistry and physics. A year before the conclusion of their study, they will preset the findings before the American Geophysical Union's annual meeting opens this week, which they say are made possible by technical advances on drills and microscopes.
The scientists have been wondering about the point beyond which life cannot exist, but the deeper they dig, the more life they find. There is a temperature maximum—currently 122 ℃， but they believe this record will be broken if they keep exploring and developing more advanced instruments.
Questions remain, including how the microbes interact with chemical processes and what this might reveal about how life and Earth coevolved.
5．What do the scientists find about the underground organisms
A．They can't reproduce and divide.
B．They're the oldest living things.
C．Some of them consume no energy.
D．Some of them almost always keep still.
6．What can we learn about the research from Paragraph 3
A．It lasts for around one year.
B．It involves efforts from multiple fields.
C．It promotes technical development.
D．It is conducted in 52 countries.
7．Why do the scientists drill deep
A．To break their previous record.
B．To find the depth limit of life.
C．To discover more ancient microorganisms.
D．To detect the highest subsurface temperature.
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Earth's Depths Are Full of Life
B．Organisms Live Better Underground
C．Earth Is Far Beyond Human Exploration
D．Subsurface Life Differs from That on Land
C
[2022·郑州市高三质检]Fashion designers are always looking for new materials to work with. Lately, it's all about environment friendly materials—recycled tires, mushrooms, even pineapple fibers! What if you want such a pair of shoes Thaely is here to help.
This sneaker brand out of Dubai wants to fight the growing problem of plastic pollution. Led by 23 year old Indian businessman Ashay Bhave, they may have found a winning approach: making shoes out of plastic grocery bags. “Thaely” means “plastic bag” in the Hindi language.
“I was looking to create footwear that is cost effective and safe for the environment，” Bhave said in an interview with a newspaper. “I needed to come up with something that uses recycled plastic without creating any more plastic waste.” Plastic bags were the perfect solution. He said five trillion plastic bags are used around the world each year. “I was motivated to find a solution to this problem，” Bhave said.
That solution was the fiber called ThaelyTex. Made entirely from plastic bags，the material looks and feels like leather. That sounds promising. Better yet, the production process requires no additional chemicals and produces no poisonous by products. The result is a smart looking pair of white low top sneakers.
Bhave wouldn't expose the full process for making ThaelyTex, but he said that each pair of shoes was made from up to 15 plastic bags and 22 plastic bottles. Where do they get the materials Bhave told Elle that was the hardest part. “The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step of acquiring the plastic bags.”
Finally, they got help from TrioTap Technologies, a waste management plant. Bhave said they offered to collect the bags and also process them into ThaelyTex.
So far, it seems like things are falling into place. There are already hundreds of pre orders in place. It sounds like they have some plans for the future. “We have a few more colors coming up，” said Bhave. They also plan to put__out a high top model and bring in a line of clothing. Let's hope their growth is also friendly to the environment.
9．Why did Bhave choose to make shoes out of plastic bags
A．To set a new footwear trend.
B．To test new materials for footwear.
C．To reduce the use of plastic bags in his home country.
D．To use recycled plastic in an environment friendly way.
10．What was the most difficult task for Bhave
A．Having a few more colors for Thaely.
B．Processing plastic bags into ThaelyTex.
C．Collecting enough production materials.
D．Dealing with many poisonous by products.
11．The underlined part “put out” in the last paragraph probably means “________”．
A．produce B．design
C．provide D．broadcast
12．What can be the best title for this passage
A．Bhave: a promising young man
B．Thaely: the killer of waste plastic bags
C．ThaelyTex: the material out of plastic bags
D．TrioTap Technologies：a waste management plant
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
答案
阅读理解保分练(二)
A
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——个人生活——父亲的“爱”
【文章大意】　儿时，父亲因为被公司开除，时不时在作者的生活中消失，直到最后病逝。作者一直误解自己的父亲，直到看到父亲的笔记本，才慢慢了解父亲，但为时已晚。
1．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“To escape his shame...then alienating (使疏远) my sister and I”可知，作者的父亲为了逃避他的耻辱，他推开了那些提醒他这一点的人，如作者的妈妈、作者的妹妹和作者。由此可知，作者的父亲认为看到他的家人就会想起自己被公司开除的令人伤心的经历。故选C项。
2．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句“But when he died of...the weight of the blow”可知，当作者听到父亲去世的消息时，被这一打击弄得失去了平衡，内心开始不平静了。故选D项。
3．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段作者从父亲的笔记本中听到的“learn from my mistakes”可知，作者的父亲让作者从自己的错误中吸取教训，不要步他的后尘。故选C项。
4．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者从笔记本中了解到父亲也怀着那种熟悉的疼痛，渴望拥有新的阅历，这种疼痛只有通过旅行才能得到安慰。故可推断是慢慢了解已故的父亲让作者哭了。故选B项。
B
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——研究发现——地球深处的生命
【文章大意】　一支由来自52个国家多个领域内的科学家组成的团队在距地球表面2.5公里的深处发现了大量微生物，该发现证明了地球深处蕴藏着丰富的生命。
5．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some microorganisms have...in earthquakes or eruptions”可知，一些微生物已经存活数千年，很少移动，除非地震和火山爆发。由此可知，科学家发现一些地下微生物总是保持静止状态。故选D项。
6．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段首句“The team consists...chemistry and physics”可知，这支科学队由来自52个国家的1 200名科学家组成，这些科学家来自地理、微生物学、化学和物理等多个领域。故选B项。
7．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段首句“The scientists have...more life they find”可知，科学家们一直想知道生命不能存在的深度极限，但他们挖得越深发现的生命越多。由此可知，科学家们往深处钻孔的目的是找到生命存在的深度极限。故选B项。
8．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“a rich ecosystem beneath our feet”和“scientists estimate it...tonnes of microorganisms”以及第四段中的“but the deeper...they find”可知，地球深处是一个丰富的生态系统，有数百亿吨微生物。科学家们越往深处钻孔发现的生命越多。由此可推知，本文主要介绍了地球深处蕴藏了许多的生命。故选A项。
C
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——人与环境——用废塑料袋造鞋
【文章大意】　23岁的印度商人Ashay Bhave用废塑料袋造鞋来保护环境。
9．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中Bhave所说的话中的“uses recycled plastic without creating any more plastic waste”可知，他之所以选择用塑料袋造鞋是为了以一种环保的方式利用回收塑料，故D项正确。
10．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step of acquiring the plastic bags”可知，对Bhave来说目前最难的是获取生产材料——塑料袋，故C项正确。
11．答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。此处与第四段中的“The result is a smart looking pair of white low top sneakers”形成对照，再结合语境可知，画线部分的意思应该是生产，故A项正确。
12．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。第一段前两句引入话题，话题为第三四句“如果你想要一双这样的（环境友好型的）鞋怎么办呢？Thaely就是答案”。据此可知，本文主要介绍了环保鞋Thaely，结合下文可知，鞋子是由塑料袋做成的，故B项“Thaely: the killer of waste plastic bags”适合作本文的标题。阅读理解保分练(六)　词句猜测题——代词、句意猜测类
　
A
[2022·贵阳市高三测试]Many people think that you need to travel great distances and go on expensive trips to create beautiful photos. If you consider macro photography, which is capturing tiny details, an entirely new world may open for you right in your own backyard. This is what I decided to do to challenge myself recently! I chose a relatively small area in my neighborhood to revisit over a couple of days, but the only rule I gave myself was not to photograph anything above the knees.
Using a 50 mm macro lens (微距镜头) on a traditional DSLR camera, I walk around looking for different opportunities. I also often use two extension tubes，which help me get ever closer to my subject matter and increase the magnification (放大率). In the evening light, the high contrast helps you see small things like jumping grasshoppers or other insects flying around，but during the day it can be more challenging. To find good subject matter，I like to crawl around and look at the world from a lizard or snake's point of view. It adds significantly more drama, improves the image. It also has the power to transform a beautiful subject into a beautiful piece of art.
I really also pay attention to the background elements, not just the subject matter, especially with wildflowers. How in focus the background is，or how out of focus it is, can change an image.I like to shoot with a fully blurred (模糊不清的) background, which is called bokeh, though sometimes increasing depth of field and not having total blurriness can be beneficial to the composition, too.
You also don't need a special camera set up to do this. Using a smartphone，you can easily use tools like portrait mode, to help blur the background. Some apps also allow for a greater level of control with depth of field and close up photography. It's less about the camera you use, and more about how you use it!
1．What makes a splendid composition
A．Taking an expensive trip.
B．Capturing the details of life.
C．Shooting anything above the knees.
D．Looking at a beautiful subject.
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．A traditional DSLR camera.
B．The ways of macro shooting.
C．Shooting down at subjects.
D．Insects flying around.
3．What does “this” refer to in the last paragraph
A．Background. B．Portrait.
C．Bokeh. D．Camera.
4．What would be the best title for this passage
A．My Neighborhood
B．The Backyard
C．Crouching down Yourself
D．Macro Photography
B
[2022·济南市高三质检]When people hear “Artificial Intelligence (AI)”， many think of big data. The reason is that some of the most significant AI breakthroughs have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in small data approaches in the past decade has grown extensively, with Transfer Learning (TL) (迁移学习) as an especially promising example, which is helpful in settings where you have few data on the task of interest but sufficient data on a related problem.
Small data approaches like TL offer numerous advantages over more data intensive methods. By the use of AI with fewer data, they can facilitate progress in areas where few or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely. More importantly, TL is of great help in terms of generalization. A challenge in the use of AI is that models need to generalize beyond their training data—that is, to give good “answers” to a more general set of “questions” than what they were specifically trained for. TL models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, so they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data are available.
AI experts such as Andrew Ng have stated that the approach will be the next driver of getting machine learning success in industry. There are some early signs of successful adoption and it has been applied to cancer discovery and much more.
Despite the increase in research, TL__has__received__relatively__little__visibility. While many machine learning experts and data scientists are familiar with it, techniques such as TL do not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption.
By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like TL and supporting their widespread use, we can help overcome some widespread misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and promote innovation in new directions.
5．What does the author think of TL
A．It is a potential technique.
B．It is of help in large data sets.
C．It is an important AI breakthrough.
D．It is a reliable solution to multitasking.
6．In which aspect does TL show its advantages
A．Acquiring knowledge.
B．Discovering questions.
C．Collecting training data.
D．Improving generalization.
7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．TL has little value.
B．TL is a heated topic.
C．TL draws public attention.
D．TL is not well recognized.
8．What's the purpose of this text
A．To clarify some misconceptions.
B．To introduce a small data approach.
C．To predict the promising future of AI.
D．To emphasize the significance of data.
C
[2022·长春市高三质检]
Take a good look at the American burying beetle. Once found in 35 states, the insect is assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as the critically endangered. Like the tiger, the American burying beetle has orange and black stripes (条); like the tiger, the beetle is declining in number. The tiger is an instantly recognizable symbol of species preservation, but most people aren't familiar with the beetle.
This difference is an example of the domination (支配) of the so called celebrity species—the fascinating creatures that non profit organizations and government agencies use to raise public interest in conservation. Most non profit funds for animal protection go to species such as apes, elephants, big cats, rhinoceroses, and giant pandas. Tigers are often rated the most popular animal—and India, home to the majority of these big cats, spent more than $49 million on tiger conservation alone in 2019. Meanwhile, many lesser known species of fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds weaken in namelessness. Worldwide, more than 35，500 plant and animal species are on the edge of disappearing forever.
This leaves us with a tough situation. Conservation is underfunded, so how do we decide which species to save
One potential solution, the debatable idea of conservation triage (治疗类选法), holds that experts need to quickly decide which species can be saved while realizing that others can't be saved. Conservationists have developed analytical tools to approach the question in a less emotional, but more practical way. Fish and Wildlife Service now uses this knapsack (背包) method—inspired by a hiker's need to fit the most valuable items into a small space—to__get__the__“most__bang__for__their__buck” in saving species. The method calculates the most efficient conservation strategies using factors such as costs to recover a species and its likelihood of going extinct.
9．Why is the burying beetle mentioned in the first paragraph
A．To propose a definition.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To reach a conclusion.
D．To present an argument.
10．What is the author's attitude to the lesser known species
A．Concerned. B．Unclear.
C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent.
11．What do the underlined words in the last paragraph probably mean
A．To make the best efforts.
B．To take the strictest measures.
C．To maximize the benefits.
D．To avoid the worst dangers.
12．What will the author probably talk about in the following paragraph
A．Causes of some animals' endangerment.
B．Other methods of deciding which species to save.
C．The authorities' role in reasonable use of funds.
D．An appeal for saving the American burying beetle.
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
答案
阅读理解保分练（六）
A
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自然——拍摄美景——微距摄影
【文章大意】　为了拍摄美丽的照片，作者选择重新游览家附近的区域，采用微距方式拍摄生活中的微小细节。作者告诉我们，要拍摄美景，不在于使用什么相机，而在于如何使用相机。
1．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。题干问的是什么构成美丽的作品。根据第一段中的“If you consider macro photography, which is capturing tiny details, an entirely new world may open for you right in your own backyard. This is what I decided to do to challenge myself recently！”可知，捕捉微小的细节，一个全新的世界就在你面前打开，这正是作者挑战自己要做的事情。由此可知，捕捉生活中的细节可构成一幅美丽的作品。故B项正确。
2．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段的描述可知，作者使用50毫米的微距镜头寻找不同的拍摄机会，还使用两个伸缩管增大放大率，接近拍摄主题，下文分别介绍晚上拍摄和白天拍摄情况。由此可推知，第二段主要讲述微距拍摄的方法。故B项正确。
3．答案与解析：C　代词猜测题。根据第三段尾句可知，作者喜欢用完全模糊的背景来拍摄。由此可知，文中的“你没有必要使用特殊的相机来做到这一点”就是指“用完全模糊的背景拍摄”，而这种做法又被称为bokeh，故此处的this就是指bokeh。故C项正确。
4．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。第一段讲述为了拍摄美丽的图片，作者采用微距拍摄，捕捉生活中的细节；第二段讲述微距拍摄的方法；第三段讲述作者使用微距拍摄的喜好；第四段讲述作者建议使用普通相机也可拍到美丽的图片。由此可知，本文可用“微距摄影”作标题。A项“我的街区”，B项“后院”，C项“蹲下来”，都不能概括全文。故D项正确。
B
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——科学技术——人工智能迁移学习
【文章大意】　本文主要介绍了迁移学习的功能、用途、发展现状和前景。
5．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“an especially promising example, which is helpful in settings”可以推断，作者认为TL是一项很有前景的技术，可以用于很多领域，故A项正确。
6．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TL is of great help in terms of generalization”和“they are very...the new task”可知，TL的优势之一是可以提升概括能力，故D项正确。
7．答案与解析：D　句意猜测题。根据画线部分后一句中的“techniques such as...and business leaders”可知，TL似乎并没有得到政策制定者和商业领袖的青睐。据此可以推断，画线部分的意思应该与D项“TL未得到足够的认可”最为接近。
8．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。本文第一段引出话题“TL是一项很有发展前景的小数据技术”，第二段介绍了TL的优点，第三段引用专家Andrew Ng的话证明TL很有用处，第四段讲述了TL的发展现状不甚理想，最后一段讲述了TL的发展潜力。综上可知，本文主要介绍了TL——一项小数据处理技术，故B项正确。
C
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——自然生态——美国的濒危物种
【文章大意】　美国许多不为人知的物种也濒临灭绝，但是由于资金不足，如何决定拯救哪些物种成了一个需要解决的问题。
9．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Like the tiger...with the beetle”可知，和老虎一样，美国埋葬虫也有橙色和黑色的条纹；和老虎一样，甲虫的数量也在减少。老虎是物种保护的显著标志，但大多数人并不熟悉甲虫。再根据第二段内容可知，这种差异是所谓的名人物种占支配地位的一个例子——这些极有吸引力的生物（名人物种）是非营利组织和政府机构用来提高公众保护兴趣的。它们会得到绝大多数的保护资金，而一些不太为人所知的物种则在变弱。据此可推知，第一段提到了埋葬虫是为了介绍文章主题。
10．答案与解析：A　观点态度题。根据第二段的“Meanwhile, many lesser known...of disappearing forever”可知，与此同时，许多不太为人所知的鱼类、爬行动物、两栖动物和鸟类也在不知不觉中变得脆弱起来。全世界有超过35 500种动植物物种正处于永远消失的边缘。再根据第三段的“This leaves us...species to save？”可知，这让我们面临一个艰难的局面，保护资金不足，但是有许多鲜为人知的物种需要被拯救。据此可推知，作者对鲜为人知的物种持担忧态度。
11．答案与解析：C　句意猜测题。根据最后一段的“The method calculates...going extinct”可知，该方法利用恢复一个物种的成本和其灭绝的可能性等因素来计算最有效的保护策略。根据画线句前的“Fish and Wildlife...into a small space”可知，鱼类和野生动物管理局现在使用这种背包方法——灵感来自于一个徒步旅行者需要把最有价值的东西放进一个小空间——以获得“最大的效益”来拯救物种。故画线部分意思是“使利益最大化”。
12．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段的“This leaves us...species to save？”可知，这让我们面临一个艰难的局面：保护资金不足，我们该如何决定拯救哪些物种呢？再根据尾段的“One potential solution...others can't be saved”可知，最后一段谈论了一种解决问题的方法。据此可推知，在下一段中作者可能会谈论决定被拯救物种的其他方法。故选B。阅读理解保分练(七)　主旨大意题——文章大意、段落大意类
　
A
[2022·成都市高三质检]During the time when Theodor Geisel was working as a children's book author, a popular primer (初级读本) for young children involved the story of two characters named Dick and Jane. However, Dick and Jane were boring. Consequently, these boring characters kept children from learning how to read. Writer John Hershey described the problem in a 1954 article in Life magazine. Upon reading it, William Spaulding, the director of Houghton Mifflin's education division, decided to invite Geisel to create an exciting children's book.
Geisel thought, “No sweat”. But in fact, he did sweat for a year and a half. Accustomed to inventing words at his leisure in his previous books, the imaginative author underestimated how difficult it would be to limit his vocabulary to around 200 words. He stared at Spaulding's word list for a year but got nothing.
Out of frustration, he finally chose the first two words that rhymed as the title. Cat and hat were what he found. He next worked on what the cat would look like and how he would act. As Geisel wrote, his cat was shaped and inspired by two other cartoon cats he had admired since childhood. The first was from comic Krazy Kat. Geisel's cat would channel Krazy's physical appearance. As for its personality, Geisel looked to another cartoon cat for inspiration：Felix the Cat. Felix was adventurous and Geisel's cat would behave with similar confidence.
Now that he had a main character, finding things for that character to do within the limitation of the word list was like putting his cat in a straitjacket. As Geisel slowly wrote and rewrote The Cat in the Hat throughout 1956, he figured out a few tricks to help his writing. He would repeat words or phrases, which gave his work a distinct and regular rhythm that helped young readers learn words through look say repetition.
Upon publication in 1957, The Cat in the Hat was an instant hit and made Geisel a world famous children's book author.
1．What made it hard for Geisel to create his story
A．The restriction of word selections.
B．Criticisms from another writer.
C．The publisher's demand for quality.
D．The change of his writing topic.
2．What do we know about the cat in Geisel's book
A.It is as confident as Krazy.
B．It is dressed in a straitjacket.
C．It takes after Felix in appearance.
D．It takes on features of two cartoon cats.
3．Which of the following best describes the language in The Cat in the Hat
A．Varied and plain.
B．Simple but insightful.
C．Repetitive and rhythmic.
D．Limited but well organized.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The creation of cats in children's books.
B．The story behind a famous children's book.
C．A well known writer in children's literature.
D．Difficulties and skills in writing a children's book.
B
[2022·沈阳市高三质检]Loneliness is significant mental health concern and can raise the risk of death by 45% and contact with nature in cities significantly reduces feelings of loneliness, according to a team of scientists.
The study is the first to assess how the environment can affect loneliness. It used real time data, collected via a smartphone app, rather than relying on people's memory of how they were feeling.
The research found that feelings of overcrowding increased loneliness by an average of 30%. But when people were able to see trees or hear birds, feelings of loneliness fell by 28%. Feelings of social inclusion also cut loneliness by 21% and when these feelings coincided (同时发生) with contact with nature, the beneficial effect was boosted by a further 18%.
The findings pointed to interventions to reduce loneliness. The researchers said, “Specific measures that increase social inclusion and contact with nature should be taken, especially in thickly populated cities.” Time spent in nature is known to boost well being, with woodland walks estimated to save the UK at least ￡185 million a year in mental health costs, for example.
The research collected data from urban citizens across the world using the Urban Mind research app. More than 750 people provided 16, 600 of these assessments. The participants were self selecting so it did not provide a representative sample of the wider populations. But when the researchers took age, education, and occupations into account, the benefits of nature contact and feelings of social inclusion on loneliness remained strongly statistically significant. Johanna Gibbons, part of the research team, said, “Cities are probably the only habitat that is increasing at a high rate. So we should be creating urban habitats where people can thrive (兴旺发达).”
5．How was the research conducted
A．By relying on people's memory.
B．By surveying 750 urban participants.
C．By collecting data through a smartphone app.
D．By checking a worldwide representative sample.
6．What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A．Many big cities take the lead in the research.
B．Time spent indoors improves people's well being.
C．Woodland walks greatly reduce social contact with people.
D．Interventions to reduce loneliness benefit the UK financially.
7．What can be inferred about the research
A．It offers a wide range of samples globally.
B．The findings are statistically remarkable.
C．The carefully selected participants are reliable.
D．Three other factors are considered except education.
8．What's the text mainly about
A．The mental problems of living in big cities.
B．Developing urban habitats at high speed.
C．Research on how to get rid of loneliness in nature.
D．Reducing loneliness in cities via contact with nature.
C
[2022·贵阳市五校高三联考]When it comes to poverty relief efforts in the developing world, small is the new big. Consider juncao, a group of wild grasses that have become one of China's most significant contributions to the world's sustainable development, with multiple uses being shared by people in 105 countries to help deal with food issues and desertification (沙漠化).
Juncao, which literally means “the herbal plant for growing edible (可食用的) mushrooms”， has worked miracles for Chinese scientists who are cultivating (培育) it as a substrate for growing edible and medicinal mushrooms or as food for the animals kept on the farm, as well as using it as a green barrier to stop sand hills from advancing.
China introduced the grass and its cultivation technology to Papua New Guinea more than 20 years ago to help local farmers raise livestock and grow edible mushrooms. “We hope we will help double the agricultural production capacity and farmers' incomes in Papua New Guinea，” said Lin Zhanxi, a professor of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University and the chief scientist for grass development.
It's been 35 years since Lin selected the grass species to replace wood as a substrate for growing mushrooms in East China's Fujian Province, and this has saved vast coverage of natural forest there. Through the years, Lin has developed 45 varieties of juncao, which can be used to cultivate 55 mushroom species.
Despite his age, Lin has often traveled afar to help people in developing countries learn about the benefits of this agricultural technology. “The first time I went to Papua New Guinea in 1997, I realized how people there were struggling with extreme poverty，” Lin said. At that time, a tribe chief knelt down before Lin to thank him for bringing the technique to save them from starvation. To his astonishment, the tribe people celebrated the whole night. Members of the team were so touched that they decided to stay and help the people shake off poverty. In a land without electricity or modern devices, the team members worked there for eight years to teach locals how to cultivate and use the grass.
9．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The promotion of juncao.
B．The appearance of juncao.
C．The application of juncao.
D．The evolution of juncao.
10．What is the main purpose of introducing juncao to Papua New Guinea
A．To feed livestock.
B．To fight against sandstorms.
C．To grow mushrooms.
D．To relieve its poverty.
11．What can we infer about the previous way of growing mushrooms in Fujian Province
A．People cut down trees to use the wood as a substrate.
B．People covered mushrooms with leaves.
C．People grew mushrooms in the natural forest.
D．People relied on wild grass to grow mushrooms.
12．What made Lin Zhanxi surprised in Papua New Guinea
A．A tribe chief knelt down before him.
B．Locals celebrated for his technology all night.
C．Natives lack electricity and modern devices.
D．The team worked there for eight years.
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
答案
阅读理解保分练（七）
A
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——文学艺术——儿童作家Theodor Geisel创作《戴帽子的猫》的过程
1．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Accustomed to inventing words at his leisure...around 2000 words”可知，单词选择的限制让Geisel难以创作他的故事。故选A。
2．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“his cat was shaped and inspired by two other cartoon cats”“The first was from comic Krazy Kat”“another cartoon cat for inspiration: Felix the Cat”可知，Geisel书中的猫具有两只卡通猫的特点。故选D。
3．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“He would repeat...through look say repetition”可知，他会重复单词或短语，这使他的作品具有鲜明而有规律的节奏。故可推知，《戴帽子的猫》中的语言是重复和有节奏的。故选C。
4．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。根据前四段的内容以及最后一段《戴帽子的猫》这本儿童读物的横空出世可知，本文主要讲的是儿童作家Theodor Geisel创作《戴帽子的猫》的过程，即“一本著名的儿童读物背后的故事”。故选B。
B
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——自然与健康——在城市中接触大自然可以在很大程度上减少人们的孤独感
5．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段的“It used real time data...they were feeling”可知，这项研究使用的是通过手机应用软件搜集到的实时数据。故选C项。
6．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，研究结果指向了对减少孤独感的干预。据估计，林地散步每年至少可以为英国节省1.85亿英镑的心理健康成本。由此可知，英国对减少孤独感的干预让其在金融方面获益。故选D项。
7．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But when the researchers...strongly statistically significant”可知，当研究人员将年龄、教育和职业考虑在内时，接触大自然和社会包容感对（减少）孤独感的好处在统计学上依然非常显著。由此可推知，这项调研结果从统计学上来说是显著的。故选B项。
8．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。浏览全文可知，本文主要讲述了一项研究结果，该研究表明城市里的人们接触大自然可以在很大程度上减少他们的孤独感。故选D项。
C
语篇类型：议论文　主题语境：人与社会——科技与生活——菌草脱贫
【文章大意】　菌草技术在中国和其他一些发展中国家脱贫攻坚中发挥了巨大作用。
9．答案与解析：C　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Chinese scientists who are cultivating （培育） it as a substrate...as well as using it as a green barrier to stop sand hills from advancing”可知，本段主要讲述了菌草的应用，故C项正确。
10．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We hope we will help...in Papua New Guinea”和第五段中的“were struggling with extreme poverty”“save them from starvation”可知，中国把菌草引入这个国家是为了帮助当地脱贫，故D项正确。
11．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“since Lin selected the grass species...natural forest there”可知，Lin选用草种代替木头作为蘑菇的培养基，这样就不用使用大量的自然森林了。故可推断，福建以前种植蘑菇是通过伐木将木头作为培养基的方式，故A项正确。
12．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“a tribe chief knelt down...the tribe people celebrated the whole night”可知，令Lin感到惊讶的是，当地部落为了感谢他带来这项技术彻夜狂欢，故B项正确。阅读理解保分练(三)　推理判断题——隐含推断类、观点态度类
　
A
[2022·贵阳市五校高三联考]My family and I never talked about school as a ticket to the future. I was in the classroom, but I wasn't there to learn to write, read or even speak. When it was my turn to read, I wanted to hide. I was 13 years old, but I already hated being who I was.
I had an English teacher, Mr. Creech, who knew I couldn't read. In one of my first lessons the teacher said that anyone who had a reading age below six had to stand up. I felt so embarrassed. But at the same time, it made me realize that I needed to change the situation. I was determined it wouldn't happen again. Later that day, Mr. Creech encouraged me and promised he would try his best to help me learn to read. From then on, I never gave up practicing reading.
Now I was 41 years old. One day, I planned to fly back to Texas to visit my friends and family. On my way from the airport, I saw Mr. Creech buying himself a drink. I rushed over and reached into my pocket to pay for him. “Do I know you？” he asked. “Yes, sir, you do know me，” I answered excitedly. “My name is Anthony Hamilton. You taught me English.” The look on his face told me that he remembered the boy he'd once encouraged.
“I'm so glad I had a chance to see you，” I said. “And Mr. Creech, I have great news to share.” I told him I had learned to read. But that wasn't all. I had become a published author and an active speaker. “Next time you get another Anthony Hamilton in your classroom, please encourage him to read as well，” I added.
The experts say what once worried me has a name: dyslexia (诵读困难). But I can tell you it was a lack of desire for education.
1．What was the author's trouble in study when he was a child
A．He couldn't get along well with the teachers.
B．He had difficulty in reading.
C．He hated being laughed at.
D．He didn't want to go to school.
2．Which of the following best describes Mr. Creech
A．Friendly and fashionable.
B．Demanding and enthusiastic.
C．Humorous and aggressive.
D．Patient and responsible.
3．Why could the author read after meeting Mr. Creech
A．Because his teacher always gave him confidence in reading.
B．Because his parents taught him how to read.
C.Because the experts gave him directions.
D．Because he realized this problem.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．Mr. Creech taught two students called Anthony Hamilton.
B．The author was grateful to Mr. Creech.
C．The author had become a published author and an active speaker.
D．Dyslexia was the underlying reason that made the author unable to read.
B
[2022·太原市高三模拟]If it weren't for passionate people, this would be a dull world indeed.
Peter Cavanagh of Lopez Island certainly qualifies in the passionate category, having taken 600，000 pictures of birds all over the world in the past 13 years. Cavanagh is a retired professor in the University of Washington. He minored in math and is an instrument rated pilot. His pictures mostly capture birds in flight, not on a perch (栖息处).
“I have a sense of wonder at flight because it is the most highly complex form of movement in the entire animal kingdom，” says Cavanagh. “Humans have spent more than six centuries trying to imitate bird flight but still have not produced flying machines with all of the complexity, flexibility and performance that are commonplace for birds.” For birds, the math of it all just happens. A small bird such as the American kestrel, the smallest falcon (猎鹰) in our region at about 4 ounces, is very good at hovering (盘旋).
Meanwhile, to achieve flight, a 90 ton commercial jet is filled with electronics and computer systems. “Birds have flying abilities we have not come close to matching in airplanes，” says Cavanagh. The Royal Aeronautical Society in London, in a January 2021 posting, told how researchers did computer design of a Boeing 777 wing based on a bird's wings. It was 5% lighter, which matters in fuel costs. In 2019, Airbus produced a “Bird of Prey” design that mimicked the eagle's wing and tail structure for flight control.
Cavanagh enjoys every minute of waiting, and waiting, and waiting, starting at sunrise to capture those images. “I am happiest in truly wild places where humans are tolerated guests and they are the world of wild animals.”
5．What is Peter Cavanagh's passion
A．Math education.
B．Bird photography.
C．Airplane engineering.
D．Wilderness exploration.
6．Why does the author mention the American kestrel
A．To compare the sizes and weights of the birds.
B．To show the importance of math in biomechanics.
C．To prove the unmatched flying abilities of birds.
D．To stress the diversity of native American species.
7．What does the underlined word “mimicked” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Imitated. B．Abandoned.
C．Outperformed. D．Discovered.
8．Which word best describes Peter Cavanagh's attitude to nature according to the last paragraph
A．Skeptical. B．Respectful.
C．Objective. D．Indifferent.
C
[2022·沈阳市高三质检]The world produces around 359 million tons of plastics each year. Plastics are certainly a big problem, but they don't necessarily have to be. There are many ways we could set plastics on a different lifecycle. One that I have been working on is turning plastics into hard, reliable and sustainable building materials.
Most people believe that plastic recycling is severely limited: Only a few types can be recycled. This is unsurprising. The proportion (比例) of plastics that are recycled is minimal. But all polymers (聚合物) are, technologically, recyclable. Some of them can be used again and again to produce the same goods. Some can technically be reprocessed into new materials for different applications.
The problem is that recycling much of this plastic waste is currently unprofitable. But the amount of these materials all over the world is large and keeps on growing. What if this plastic waste could be used to produce something useful to the society Many universities and business people are attempting to do this. Most solutions target mixed plastic waste and suggest applications different from the original ones. For example, several groups have developed building materials made of plastic waste. Plastics are strong, durable, waterproof, lightweight and recyclable—all key properties for construction materials. So what if all of this plastic waste could be turned into building materials for low income populations Existing initiatives are promising, but not yet reproducible on an industrial scale.
I study plastic waste with the aim of finding interesting ways to remove it from the environment. From agricultural waste to concrete waste, mixed with recycled plastics, there are many ways to obtain materials to produce bricks and other useful elements for buildings. So perhaps plastics are not necessarily the problem. They can be part of a pathway towards a more sustainable way of living.
9．What's people's common belief about plastic recycling
A．Almost all plastic waste can be reused.
B．The methods are quite limited.
C．Not many kinds of plastics are recyclable.
D．The amount of plastics is unbelievably large.
10．What can be learned from Paragraph 3
A．Plastic waste is on the decline globally.
B．Recycling plastics doesn't make money now.
C．Plastic buildings have been largely constructed.
D．New applications of plastics haven't been found.
11．Why can plastics make good building materials
A．They can resist water and won't last long.
B．They can be reproduced in large quantity.
C．They satisfy the needs of low income people.
D．They meet most demands of building materials.
12．What's the author's attitude to plastic recycling
A.Positive. B．Anxious.
C．Doubtful. D．Critical.
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
答案
阅读理解保分练（三）
A
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——个人经历——在老师的帮助下克服阅读困难
【文章大意】　作者曾经是一个有阅读困难症的孩子，但是在英语老师Mr. Creech的鼓励下，作者克服了障碍。在二人多年后偶遇时，作者向老师表达了自己的感谢，并希望恩师鼓励更多这样的孩子。
1．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When it was my turn to read, I wanted to hide”和第二段中的“who knew I couldn't read”可知，作者有阅读困难，故B项正确。
2．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Mr. Creech encouraged me and promised he would try his best to help me learn to read”可知，Mr. Creech鼓励了作者并向作者承诺会尽自己最大的努力帮助作者学习阅读，由此可见，Mr. Creech是一个很负责任、很有耐心的老师，故D项正确。
3．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的内容尤其是“it made me realize that...Mr. Creech encouraged me”可知，Mr. Creech对学生的要求和对作者的鼓励给予了作者信心，作者才坚持练习并最终摆脱了阅读困难，故A项正确。
4．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I rushed over and reached into my pocket to pay for him”和第四段中的“I told him...and an active speaker”可以推断，作者对老师充满了感激，故B项正确。
B
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——人与动物——抓拍鸟的飞行
【文章大意】　辅修数学的退休大学教授Cavanagh热爱大自然，酷爱抓拍鸟的飞行，他对鸟儿的飞行运动背后的数学原理有一定的研究。
5．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段首、尾两句可知，Cavanagh热衷于抓拍飞行中的鸟。故B项正确。
6．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“‘Humans have spent more than six centuries...commonplace for birds.’ For birds, the math of it all just happens”可知，人类已经花了六个多世纪的时间试图模仿鸟类飞行，但仍然没有制造出具有鸟类飞行时的复杂性、灵活性和性能的飞行机器，而对鸟类来说，对飞行的计算自然而然就发生了。接着作者以美国红隼为例，说明它十分擅长在空中盘旋。由此可推知，作者提及美国红隼是为了证明鸟类无法比拟的飞行能力。故C项正确。
7．答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Humans have spent more than six centuries trying to imitate bird flight”再结合画线词所在句可推知，空中客车公司“模仿”鹰的翅膀和尾巴结构设计了“Bird of Prey”。故A项正确。
8．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I am happiest in truly wild places where humans are tolerated guests and they are the world of wild animals”再结合选项可推知，Peter Cavanagh对待自然的态度是尊敬的。故B项正确。
C
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——环境保护——回收利用塑料垃圾
【文章大意】　全球每年产生大量的塑料垃圾，如何回收利用这些垃圾成了人们思考的问题。本文介绍了一种可持续利用塑料垃圾的方法：将其与农业、混凝土废料混合，生产出有用的建筑材料。
9．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Most people believe...be recycled”可知，大多数人认为塑料回收受到严格限制：只有几种类型的塑料可以回收。
10．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The problem is...currently unprofitable”可知，回收塑料垃圾目前是无利可图的。
11．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第七句“Plastics are strong...for construction materials”可知，塑料的坚固、耐用、防水、轻便、可回收等特性满足建筑材料的要求。
12．答案与解析：A　观点态度题。根据尾段最后三句“From agricultural waste...way of living”可知，将农业废料和混凝土废料与回收塑料混合可以生产很多有用的建筑材料；或许塑料未必是问题，而是可持续的生活方式的一部分。据此可知，作者对塑料回收持积极的态度。阅读理解保分练(四)　推理判断题——写作意图类、文章出处类
　
A
[2022·郑州市高三质检]Praised as “Edgar Snow in the New Era”， British journalist Andrew Moody devoted himself to accurately reporting on China for over a decade. Born in Nottinghamshire in September, 1960, Moody's interest in journalism began at age 15. What came next was a storied career that would last 4 decades. A visit to Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, in 1997 turned his attention to China. During that visit, he was surprised by the great changes that had taken place in China. Moody began working for China Daily in 2008. In his 13 years at the paper, he published more than 1 million words in the newspaper group's different publications.
“These stories aim to explain the strategies (策略) and aims of the Chinese government to a wider audience, and also look at the challenges and difficulties it faces，” Moody wrote. “I also attach importance to issues which go largely ignored in the mainstream Western media, which often fail to provide a full or true image (形象) of China.”
To better cover China, Moody read a lot. In his Beijing apartment, there were more than 160 books about the nation. Su Qiang, a China Daily editor who worked with Moody for 8 years, said, “He read all the books that top experts had written about China, and he closely followed how the world viewed China.” Moody also learned to speak putonghua, traveled to most provinces and autonomous regions throughout China and exposed himself to the Chinese way of life.
“China is moving into a new era in which it is much more confident about its position and status in the world. I have a definite sense of history in the making，” said Moody. He hoped that he could be one of the witnesses and reporters of this historic time.
“So even when he was suffering from a serious disease, Moody still soldiered on. All he cared about was whether he could keep on working，” said Wang Liping, Moody's attending doctor.
When he passed away in June, 2021, many people were sad. “His death will be a huge loss to those who are working hard on the dialogue between China and the outside world，” said Kerry Brown, a professor of Chinese Studies at King's College London.
1．What can be known about Andrew Moody
A．He moved to China to work in 1997.
B．He reported on China for four decades.
C．He considered Edgar Snow to be his role model.
D．He began to show interest in journalism as a teenager.
2．What did Moody do when he was working for China Daily
A．He drew a wider audience to the newspaper.
B．He reported on the typical Chinese way of life.
C．He accurately introduced China to more people.
D．He communicated with the mainstream Western media.
3．What did Moody's attending doctor think of him
A．Fearless. B．Devoted.
C．Optimistic. D．Ambitious.
4．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage
A．To praise an honorable foreign journalist.
B．To describe Moody's colorful life in China.
C．To correct Western media's impression of China.
D．To show an accurate image of China to the outside world.
B
[2022·石家庄市高三质检]At just 19 years old, Aki a Peters teaches at a college. He specializes in a language that is thousands of years old, the Dakota language, spoken by the Dakota people.
“The Dakota language is ‘the most important aspect’ of Dakota culture. Without it, our Dakota culture would no longer exist，” Peters claimed. “I was lucky to grow up around many first language Dakota speakers. But now the elderly continually passed away and at the end of their lives, they just wanted to know their families would continue to have the language. One of the problems our people have is finding ways to get at length and consistent exposure to the language.”
Aside from giving instruction at the college level, Peters uses social media to share videos that integrate humor, culture, and basic level conversation to help teach Dakota. In his free time, he visits Dakota elders. He also started an online group of the youth to converse and share the knowledge of the language in a safe and supportive space.
Aki a Peters wants to tell the youth that if they want to learn their own language, sit with their elders and learn from them. Endless vocabulary sheets could discourage them from learning. Standards created by non speakers could also do that. “Within the next decade, I assume, I, my colleagues, and other Dakota learning relatives will have children and start a new generation of Dakota. I also hope my brothers and sisters will take the path we laid out for them and continue to learn and speak Dakota. On my reservation there are numerous young people working on the comeback of the language. I'm hopeful because I'm definitely not alone，” Aki a Peters told Teen Vogue.
5．Why does Aki a Peters teach the Dakota language
A．To enrich his experience.
B．To record its written form.
C．To prevent it dying out.
D．To make it known globally.
6．What can we say about Aki a Peters according to Paragraph 3
A．Learned. B．Creative.
C．Approachable. D．Cooperative.
7．What does Aki a Peters expect the young people to do
A．Deal with vocabulary sheets.
B．Sustain the given standards.
C．Communicate with their elders.
D．Learn from their teachers.
8．Which section of a website is the text probably taken from
A．Research. B．Business.
C．Fashion. D．Culture.
C
[2022·保定市高三模拟]A new UN report is set to reveal that up to 1 million species face extinction because of human actions. We are causing a mass extinction event, and critically we cannot separate one environmental crisis from another. Biodiversity loss cannot be separated from climate change, or from human population growth or pollution or plastics in our oceans. These challenges are all interconnected. If we continue to consider these problems separately, solutions will continue to emerge far too slowly.
The connections between these crises make solutions seem all too difficult. But in fact, a solution to one problem will inevitably make a positive impact on many others too. More than 28，000 people are dying because of polluted air each year in Britain and air pollution is linked to psychotic (精神病的) experiences and a reduction in educational achievement. It's not rocket science: improving air quality in our cities by cutting polluting vehicles will bring a vast range of benefits to human health, and help deal with climate change too.
George Monbiot advocates taking land out of food production and rewilding it. This will not only boost biodiversity enormously but will also deal with global warming because those rewilded, rewetted lands will capture significantly more carbon. If these lands are also opened up for us to enjoy, our physical and mental health will flourish. Thus we repair the ecology of destruction.
It can be difficult to know what we can do as individuals—but at least we all possess an increased understanding of how farming, consumption and energy use impact upon the planet. If everyone makes a small change, that will make a difference to our planet.
We're not struggling to find ideas to solve problems either globally or locally. It's action that we're lacking, in government and beyond, as individuals and together as a species. If we act now we may be surprised at how these seemingly vast problems decrease quicker than we imagine.
9．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us
A．The age of mass extinction has arrived.
B．Environmental crises are interrelated.
C．Humans are to blame for mass extinction.
D．Environmental crises should be solved separately.
10．Why are rewilded lands beneficial to controlling global warming
A．They attract tourists.
B．They provide habitat for birds.
C．They take in carbon.
D．They boost biodiversity.
11．What does the author call on people to do
A．Take action now.
B．Find a better idea.
C．Cooperate with others.
D．Turn to the government.
12．Where does this text probably come from
A．A news report.
B．A scientific journal.
C．A climate handbook.
D．A biology textbook.
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
答案
阅读理解保分练（四）
A
语篇类型：新闻报道　主题语境：人与社会——杰出人物——新时期的“Edgar Snow”
【文章大意】　本文报道了已故的《中国日报》的英国籍记者、被称作“新时期的Edgar Snow”的Andrew Moody的事迹。Moody准确地向世界展现了新时期的中国。
1．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Moody's interest in journalism began at age 15”可知，Moody从青少年时期起就对新闻工作产生了兴趣，故D项正确。
2．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Andrew Moody devoted...for over a decade”可以看出，Moody十多年来都准确地报道中国故事，故C项正确。
3．答案与解析：B　观点态度题。根据第五段中的“Moody still soldiered on...keep on working”可知，Moody的主治医生认为他是一个对工作非常投入的人，故B项正确。
4．答案与解析：A　写作意图题。结合文章大意可知，本文主要报道了已故的《中国日报》的英国籍记者Andrew Moody和中国的不解之缘，他在中国工作期间通过坚持阅读、游览和采访向世界准确地介绍新时期的中国，即使是在生病期间，也关心是否可以继续工作。由此可知，本文旨在歌颂一位值得尊重的外国记者，故A项正确。
B
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——语言与文化——保护和传播Dokota语言
【文章大意】　19岁的Aki a Peters通过自己的工作并在业余时间借助社交媒体等方式教授和传播Dakota语言和文化。
5．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中Aki a Peters所说的话可以推断出，Aki a Peters选择教授Dakota语言是为了防止这一语言消失，为了让他们的文化得以延续，故C项正确。
6．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Peters uses social media...to help teach Dakota”可知，Aki a Peters借助社交媒体分享能够将幽默、文化和简单对话融合在一起的视频来教授Dakota语言，由此可见，他是一个有创造力的人，故B项正确。learned“博学的，学术性的”；approachable“和蔼可亲的，易理解的”。
7．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“if they want to...learn from them”可知，Aki a Peters建议想要学习语言的年轻人多和他们的长辈交流学习，故C项正确。
8．答案与解析：D　文章出处题。根据文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了19岁的Aki a Peters教授和传播Dakota语言和文化的故事。由此可以推断，这样的文章应该出自文化专栏，故D项正确。
C
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——保护环境——保护环境刻不容缓
【文章大意】　本文主要讲述了环境污染、物种灭绝、人口增长、气候变化等密切相关。因此，人类应该立刻采取行动保护环境。
9．答案与解析：B　段落大意题。第一段首句引入话题，从第二句的“we cannot separate one environmental crisis from another”、第三句的“cannot be separated from”、第四句的“all interconnected”可知，第一段主要讲到了各种生态危机都是密切关联的，最后一句也告诉我们不能孤立地思考问题，故选B项。
10．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“because those rewilded, rewetted lands will capture significantly more carbon”可知，“恢复自然地貌的土地”之所以有助于控制全球变暖是因为它们可以吸收更多碳，故C项正确。
11．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It's action that we're lacking...If we act now...than we imagine”可以看出，作者认为人们缺乏的是行动。因此，他呼吁人们立刻行动起来，故A项正确。
12．答案与解析：B　文章出处题。本文以“A new UN report”引入话题，充分利用有效论据，层层推进，逻辑缜密，语言正式而严肃，符合科学说明类文章的特点。因此，本文应是出自科学杂志，故B项正确。阅读理解保分练(五)　词句猜测题——词义猜测类
　
A
[2022·郑州市高三质检]My granddaughter entertains herself outside a closed shop. I have no idea what day it is—I haven't known for 10 months. I have moved to a different city to provide child care so that my daughter can work.
Everything I observe these days is from a young child's eye view. I must be experiencing time and place in a way I haven't done before. I have let go of all the experiences we're missing because I'm focused on what matters to this child at any given moment. Puddles (水洼), obviously. Rocks held lovingly in her small fist the whole way home. Burying balls that have sailed over the tennis court fence and landed in the sandbox, and her face lighting up when they are dug up. Every single time.
My job is to wait and watch. Let her try things, comfort her when she falls down, and keep her safe. Bring snacks, push her on a swing, but mostly let her be. Tell her the names of all the things she points to. Take her hand when she offers it because she is in a slightly unfamiliar area. The two of us never hurry. This lifestyle change astonishes me every day.
Who knows how her new brain processes all this I have been forced by circumstance into the arms of the people I need to take care of me. Taking care of my granddaughter is a front. In fact, she gave me much more.
In March 2020, I lost my younger daughter. I can't say it was entirely unexpected. My younger daughter battled mental illness. She was only 27 years old. She put herself through long treatment programs to reduce her pain. It was as if the whole world had gone on leave with me. I had company for a few brief days after my younger daughter's death, and then I was alone. I signed up for the various things that might reduce my suffering. I stayed home for 15 weeks without touching another person.
Now a very small girl waits for me, watches me, comforts me, keeps me safe，and takes my hand.
1．Why has the author lost track of time
A．She feels bored with her present life.
B．She has suffered from a mental disease.
C．She enjoys being with her granddaughter.
D．She is in sorrow over the loss of her daughter.
2．The underlined word “front” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．deal B．must
C．burden D．cover
3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about
A．The author's effort to save her younger daughter.
B．The measures taken to reduce the author's suffering.
C．The younger daughter's battle against mental illness.
D．The pain caused by an unbearable loss to the author.
4．What does the author want to express in this passage
A．It's a child who has helped her to slowly recover.
B．Staying with grandchildren is a comfort for elders.
C．Family members should help each other out of pain.
D．Physical separation has harmful effects on one's health.
B
[2022·石家庄市高三质检]Ice coated vines (葡萄藤) stretched across hillsides around Chablis, France, as the region had a temperature of －5 ℃ on Monday. Fruit growers are worried that the frost will kill off large numbers of early buds (花蕾) and disturb the whole growing season.
The frost is particularly disturbing after a similar phenomenon hit French vineyards last year, leading to some 2 billion euros in losses. Scientists later found that the damaging 2021 frost was more likely made by climate change.
Some growers tried to warm the vines with electrical lines, or set up special watering systems, or spray (喷洒) the buds with water to protect them from frost. The water creates a thin layer of ice that ensures the buds' temperature remains around freezing point but does not drop much lower.
Daniel Etienne Defaix, whose vineyard has been producing wine for 400 years and lived through many climate disasters, calls what's happening now “a very, very serious frost”. He placed candles on the soil to protect about five hectares of his most valuable grapes, but had to leave the remaining 25 hectares to face the force of nature. At a cost of 10 euros per candle, and 600 candles per hectare, it was too costly to save the rest of the grapes.
The 2021 April frost led to what French government officials described as “probably the greatest agricultural disaster of the beginning of the 21st century”. The pattern was similar: an intense April 6～8 frost after a lengthy warm period in March.
The researchers concluded that the warming caused by humans had coaxed the plants so that they exposed their young leaves earlier than usual, before a burst of Arctic cold reached Europe in April.
5．What did Daniel Etienne Defaix do to protect his vines
A．Heat the vines with electrical lines.
B．Spray the buds with water.
C．Set up special watering systems.
D．Warm the vines with candles.
6．What can we infer from the text
A．Growers can save most of their crops.
B．The 2022 frost is the worst in history.
C．Humans are to blame for the damage.
D．The weather was normal last March.
7．What does the underlined word “coaxed” in the last paragraph mean
A．Protected. B．Dried.
C．Tricked. D．Delayed.
8．Which is the best title of the text
A．Causes for Early Budding
B．Late Frost Threatens Vine Crops
C．Creative Ways to Save Vines
D．Global Warming Brings Extreme Weather
C
[2022·广州市高三测试]Feeling overloaded by your to do list can certainly make you unhappy, but new research suggests that more free time might not be the elixir many of us dream it could be.
In a new study released last week, researchers analyzed data from two large scale (大规模的) surveys about how Americans spend their time. Together, the surveys included more than 35，000 respondents. The researchers found that people with more free time generally had higher levels of subjective well being—but only up to a point. People who had around two hours of free time a day generally reported they felt better than those who had less time. But people who had five or more hours of free time a day generally said they felt worse. So ultimately the free time “sweet spot” might be two to three hours per day, the findings suggest.
Part of finding this seemingly tricky “sweet spot” has to do with how people spend the extra time they have, the researchers behind the new study argue. They conducted several smaller online experiments. In one they asked participants to imagine having 3.5 to 7 free hours per day. They were asked to imagine spending that time doing “productive” things (like exercising) or to imagine doing “unproductive” activities (like watching TV). Study participants believed their well being would suffer if they had a lot of free time during the day—but only if they used it unproductively. Though that experiment was hypothetical, which is one limitation of the new research, it's certainly in line with other research showing that being in a state of “flow” can be good for people's mental health.
Of course, what feels “productive” is up to you. Many traditionally productive or purposeful activities can be easy and fun. Engaging in a bit of low key cardio, like walking and jogging，can help reduce stress. Free time activities like reading or cooking are also known to put people in a state of “flow”．
9．What does the underlined word “elixir” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．Magic solution.
B．Physical power.
C．Psychological test.
D．Relaxed atmosphere.
10．How did the researchers carry out the new study
A．By doing large scale online surveys.
B．By giving interviews and mental tests.
C．By comparing respondents' backgrounds.
D．By conducting experiments and analyzing data.
11．What is a distinct finding of the new research
A．Doing unproductive things leads to
unhappiness.
B．Being in a state of “flow” benefits people's mental health.
C．Man's well being is positively related to the free time they have.
D．How people spend their free time affects their sense of well being.
12．What is the focus of the last paragraph
A．The importance of reducing stress.
B．Easy and fun activities to kill time.
C．Further explanation of being productive.
D．The benefits of engaging in free time activities.
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
答案
阅读理解保分练（五）
A
语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——个人经历——心灵的安慰
【文章大意】　作者在失去小女儿后一度陷入悲伤，直到去照顾她的外孙女，心里才渐渐感到了一些安慰。
1．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段的内容和第二段中的“I have let go of...moment”可知，作者在这10个月里一直照顾她的外孙女，并且任何时候都将所有的精力集中在她的身上，所以不知道具体是什么日子。
2．答案与解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“I have been forced...much more”可知，作者被迫投入需要照顾她的人的怀抱；照顾外孙女只是个front；事实上，外孙女给了作者更多。据此可知，front是个名词，是作者对照顾外孙女的行为的看法。作者认为，实际上不是她照顾外孙女，而是外孙女给了她更多的安慰，所以front的意思应该是“幌子”，和选项D意思最为接近。
3．答案与解析：D　段落大意题。通读第五段可知，该段主要陈述了作者在失去小女儿后经历的痛苦：仿佛和世界分离、感到孤独、参加各种能减轻痛苦的活动、不愿意接触他人。
4．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，现在一个小女孩在等着我、看着我、安慰我、保护我并牵着我的手。结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述作者在失去小女儿后一度陷入悲伤，直到去照顾她的外孙女，心里才渐渐感到了一些安慰。据此可知，是一个孩子帮助她慢慢恢复。
B
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——灾害防范——晚霜影响葡萄生长
【文章大意】　在法国夏布利的山区，当地的葡萄园遭受了零下5摄氏度的霜冻袭击。去年法国葡萄园也出现了类似现象。本文介绍了当地人对此采取的措施并分析了造成这一现象的原因等。
5．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He placed candles...most valuable grapes”可知，Daniel Etienne Defaix中Defaix是用蜡烛来取暖以保护他的葡萄藤的。故选D。
6．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段研究者们得出的结论可知，是人类造成了气候变暖，进而对这些植物产生了影响，因此人类应对这些损害负责。故选C。
7．答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“so that they exposed...Europe in April”可知，此处是说人类造成的（气候）变暖让这些植物比往常更早地露出了它们的嫩叶，也就是说这些植物受到了欺骗。故选C。
8．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，在法国夏布利的山区，当地的葡萄园遭受了零下5摄氏度的霜冻袭击。去年法国葡萄园也出现了类似现象。本文介绍了当地人对此采取的措施并分析了造成这一现象的原因等。因此B项“葡萄作物受到晚霜威胁”可作本文最佳标题。故选B。
C
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——研究发现——空闲时间与个人幸福的关系
【文章大意】　研究发现人的幸福感跟空闲时间的长短无关，而跟空闲时间的使用率相关。
9．答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。画线词位于but之后，根据逗号前面的“Feeling overloaded by your to do list can certainly make you unhappy”和语境可知，任务太多会让人不快乐，但是，研究发现太多的空闲时间也不见得就是解决问题的灵丹妙药，故A项与画线词的意思最为接近。
10．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。结合第二段中的“researchers analyzed data from two large scale （大规模的） surveys”和第三段中的“They conducted several smaller online experiments”可知，研究者通过实验和数据分析进行了相关研究，故D项正确。
11．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Part of finding this seemingly tricky ‘sweet spot’ has to do with how people spend the extra time they have”可知，新的研究的一个独特发现是人们如何度过空闲时间决定了他们是否快乐，故D项正确。
12．答案与解析：C　段落大意题。根据最后一段首句中的“what feels ‘productive’ is up to you”和空后列举的具体活动可知，尾段内容主要是对productive的进一步解释说明。　专项技能保分练
专题一　阅读理解
阅读理解保分练(一)　细节理解题——直接信息类
　
A
[2022·成都市高三检测]This year we had kids and caregivers in mind. So here are some favorite books for kids picked by readers and expert judges to while away the hours at home.
The Snowy Day
—by Ezra Jack Keats
One morning, a little boy in Brooklyn wakes up to a changed world—shining with fresh snowfall. Young Peter is black. Author and illustrator Ezra Jack Keats was white, but his sensitive description of a child's first experience with snow won the Caldecott Medal and was embraced by parents and children of all colors. (For ages 0 to 2)
Dreamers
—by Yuyi Morales
Yuyi Morales was born in Mexico and came to America with her baby boy in 1999. She builds that experience into poetic praise for the immigrant experience—for learning a new life and language and for the dreams, hopes and talents immigrants bring to the USA. (For ages 4 to 8)
Hidden Figures
—by Margot Lee Shetterly and Laura Freeman
Margot Lee Shetterly adapts her groundbreaking book about black female mathematicians at NASA for young readers, with illustrations by Laura Freeman. A great pick for any future mathematician or astronaut. (For ages 4 to 8)
Wells & Wong Mysteries
—by Robin Stevens
Best friends Daisy Wells and Hazel Wong do what any ambitious young women at boarding school would do: They form a detective agency and quickly run up against their first real case when Hazel finds the body of their science teacher on the gymnasium floor. (For ages 10 and up)
1．Which writer is an award winner
A．Ezra Jack Keats.
B．Yuyi Morales.
C．Margot Lee Shetterly.
D．Robin Stevens.
2．Which book is suitable for those who love detective stories
A．The Snowy Day.
B．Dreamers.
C．Hidden Figures.
D．Wells & Wong Mysteries.
3．What do Dreamers and Hidden Figures have in common
A．The way they are created.
B．The authors' experiences.
C．The ages of the potential readers.
D．The theme they try to convey.
B
[2022·长春市高三质检]
How to see London like a pro
We've explored London thoroughly and come away with quite a few lessons. Here are our tips.
Visiting Buckingham Palace
Being London's most iconic landmark, this grand 775 room building is where Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ hosts feasts and meets the heads of state. But if you're dreaming of taking a visit to it, you'll need to plan your trip carefully. The palace is typically only open during the summer months from July 23rd to October 3rd. Visiting hours are from 9：30 a．m. to 6：30 p．m. If you're visiting when the palace isn't available to visitors, you can still see the Changing of the Guard.
Hitting the London Eye
The London Eye is a playful addition to the city skyline. Standing near centuries old architecture, this enormous Ferris wheel goes round slowly on the south bank of the River Thames, serving up views over the London Bridge and the Shard to the west, plus a wide perspective of the Palace of Westminster. Buy your tickets in advance online, choose a clear day and go there first thing in the morning to avoid peak times.
Drinking afternoon tea
Afternoon tea—a sacred ritual (习俗)—is reason enough to come to London. The British have taken a simple tea break and turned it into a luxurious ceremony, complete with patterned china, layered plates of finger sandwiches and scones with cream and jam. And we haven't mentioned the cakes, which are often brought around on a wheeled cart. When making a reservation, remember that afternoon tea isn't a snack but a full meal with sweet and salty elements, and you'll be stuffed. The smart move is to skip lunch and maybe even dinner.
4．Which is a proper time to visit Buckingham Palace
A．July 18, 10：00 a．m.
B．Aug. 23, 8：30 a．m.
C．Sep. 27, 3：00 p．m.
D．Oct. 2, 7：30 p．m.
5．The attraction of the London Eye lies in the fact that ________．
A．it provides a good view of some places of interest
B．it makes London's skyline seem more harmonious
C．it spins quickly on the south bank of the River Thames
D．it is more historic compared to the nearby buildings
6．What do we know about British afternoon tea
A．It is a short break with light snacks.
B．It is a full meal with various tasty foods.
C．It combines sour and sweet flavours well.
D．It is complete with delicate silver dishware.
C
[2022·长春市高三质检]IQ is often considered as an important driver of success particularly in fields such as science, innovation and technology. In fact many people have endless fascination with the IQ scores of famous people. But the truth is that some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on qualities such as creativity, imagination, curiosity and empathy (同感能力).
Many of these characteristics are rooted in what scientists call “cognitive (认知的) flexibility”—a skill that enables us to switch between different concepts or to adapt behavior to achieve goals in a novel or changing environment. Cognitive flexibility provides us with the ability to see that what we are doing is not leading to success and to make the appropriate changes to achieve it.
Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people cope with the pandemic lockdowns which produce new challenges around work and schooling. Some of us found it easier than others to adapt our routines to do many activities from home. Such flexible people may also have changed these routines from time to time trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day. Others, however, struggle and ultimately become more rigid in their thinking.
Flexible thinking is key to creativity. It also supports academic and work skills such as problem solving. For example, visual artists may be of average intelligence but highly creative and have produced masterpieces. Creativity is also important in science and innovation. We have discovered that successful businessmen who have created multiple companies are more cognitively flexible than managers of a similar age and IQ.
Cognitive flexibility is also associated with high recovery from negative life events as well as higher quality of life in older individuals. It can even be beneficial in emotional and social cognition: Studies have shown that cognitive flexibility has a strong link to the ability to understand the emotions, thoughts and intentions of others.
Neuroimaging studies have shown that cognitive flexibility is dependent on a network of frontal brain regions. There are a number of ways to objectively assess people's cognitive flexibility including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the CANTAB. And the good news is that it seems that you can train cognitive flexibility.
7．What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A．Creativity is the only source of people's success.
B．A driver's achievement is not determined by IQ.
C．The IQ of famous people is mysterious.
D．IQ may not be the key factor in humans' achievement
8．Which might NOT be an example of cognitive flexibility during pandemic lockdowns
A．Organizing online meetings.
B．Taking up indoor workouts.
C．Joining in group hiking.
D．Learning to bake at home.
9．Which belongs to the consequences of cognitive flexibility
A．Flexible people tend to stick to their routines.
B．People have a better understanding of others' feelings.
C．Businessmen are more likely to succeed than visual artists.
D．Older individuals are able to avoid misfortunes in life.
10．What would the following paragraph talk about
A．The ways to develop cognitive flexibility.
B．The application of cognitive flexibility.
C．The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
D．The importance of training cognitive flexibility.
[答题区]
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案
阅读理解保分练(一)
A
语篇类型：应用文　主题语境：人与社会——文化——适合孩子们在家阅读的四本书
【文章大意】　介绍了一些读者和专家评委挑选出一些孩子们最喜欢书籍的相关信息。
1．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据The Snowy Day部分中的“his sensitive description...won the Caldecott Medal”可知，Ezra Jack Keats是获得了凯迪克奖的作家。
2．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。通读Wells & Wong Mysteries部分可知，该书是一部侦探小说，描写了几个女生成立侦探事务所，接收的第一个案子是关于她们的科学老师之死的故事。据此可知，该书适合喜欢侦探小说的人阅读。
3．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据Dreamers部分的尾句“For ages 4 to 8”和Hidden Figures部分的尾句“For ages 4 to 8”可知，这两本书的目标读者的年龄一样。
B
语篇类型：应用文　主题语境：人与社会——旅游——关于伦敦的旅游建议
【文章大意】　文章通过对伦敦彻底的探索，收获的经验，提出了到伦敦游玩时一些好的建议。
4．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据Visiting Buckingham Palace部分中的“The palace is...6：30 p．m.”可知，白金汉宫只在7月23日至10月3日开放，参观时间为上午9：30至下午6：30。故C项正确。
5．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据Hitting the London Eye部分中的“Standing near centuries old...Palace of Westminster”可知，伦敦眼可以俯瞰伦敦桥、西面的碎片大厦以及威斯敏斯特宫。
6．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据本文最后两句“When making a．..maybe even dinner”可知，英国的下午茶是一顿有各种美味食物的全餐。
C
语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——认知灵活性
【文章大意】　虽然智商常被认为是成功的重要因素，但是人类一些最伟大的成就主要依赖于创造力、想象力、好奇心和同感能力等品质，这些品质都植根于科学家们所说的“认知灵活性”。
7．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But the truth...curiosity and empathy(同感能力)”可知，人类一些最伟大的成就主要依赖于创造力、想象力、好奇心和同感能力等品质。据此可知，智商可能不是成功的关键因素。
8．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some of us...activities from home”可知，疫情封锁期间，认知灵活性强的人会选择在家里活动。A、B、D项都是在室内进行的活动，C项意为“参加团体远足”，故选C。
9．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Studies have shown...intentions of others”可知，认知灵活性与理解他人情绪、思想和意图的能力有很强的联系。据此可知，认知灵活性强的人更能理解他人的情感。
10．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段尾句可知，好消息是，你可以训练认知灵活性。据此可以推知，下文将介绍发展认知灵活性的方法。