新目标英语八下Unit 3 知识点语法归纳总结

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
短语归纳
do the dishes 洗餐具 take out the trash 倒垃圾 go out 外出 stay out 呆在外面；不在家 help out 帮助做完某事 at least 至少 throw down扔下 all the time 一直；反复 in surprise 惊讶地 as soon as 一......就...... spend......on......在......花费（时间、金钱、精力） in order to 为了 provide sth. for sb 向某人提供某物 depend on 依赖；信赖 look after 照顾；照看 keep it clean and tidy 保持干净整洁 get into 进入 take care of 照顾 as a result 结果
典句必背
Peter, could you please take out the rubbish 彼得, 请你去倒一下垃圾好吗 Could you please sweep the floor 请你扫一下地好吗 I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累! For one week, she did not do any house work and neither did I. 整整一周她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。 They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩，进入一所好大学，他们应该把他们的时间花在学业上。 It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家中为他们的孩子提供一一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。 Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子过于依赖他们的家长。 Since they live in one house with their parents,they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 既然他们与父母同住在一个屋檐之下，他们应该知道每个人都应当尽自己的职责来保持家里干净整洁。
用法集萃
—Peter, could you please take out the rubbish 彼得, 请你去倒一下垃圾好吗
“Could you please do sth. ”用于委婉地提出请求。
例：—Could you please open the window 请你开一下窗户好吗
—Yes, sure. 好的，当然可以。
“Could you please do sth. ”的答语有如下两种情况：
接受请求时 可以用Yes, sure./Sure./Of course./ Certainly./ No problem./ With pleasure.等来回答 —Could you please fold your clothes 请叠一下你的衣服可以吗 —No problem. 没问题 —Sorry, I can’t. 不好意思，我不行
拒绝请求时 可以用Sorry./Sorry, I can’t. 等来回答， 还可以用I have to do sth.来解释原因。
注意：“Could you please do sth. ”的否定形式是“Could you please not do sth. ”
take out the rubbish意为“倒垃圾”，其中take out表示“取出；拿出”
Could you please sweep the floor 请你扫一下地好吗
sweep the floor 意为“扫地”。其中sweep是动词，意为“扫；打扫”，其过去式和过去分词都是swept。
例：My mother is sweeping the floor at the moment. 我妈妈这会儿正在扫地。
拓展→和“家务劳动“有关的短语有：
take out the rubbish/trash倒垃圾 rubbish (英式); trash (美式) fold one’s clothes叠衣服 clean the room打扫房间
make one’s/the bed铺床 do/wash the dishes洗餐具
I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累!
as...as...表示“和...一样...”，as..as...之间要用形容词或副词的原级。例：She is as tall as her elder brother
as..as...的否定结构是not as/so...as...，表示“不如...，比不上...”
例：She is not as/so tall as her elder brother. 她没有她哥哥个子高。
For one week, she did not do any house work and neither did I.
整整一周她没有做任何家务，我也没有做。
本句中的neither did I是neither引导的倒装句。结构是“neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”，
表示“...也不。”例：—I don’t like pop music我不喜欢流行音乐。—Neither do I. 我也不喜欢。
辨析：both, neither, all, none与either
both “两者都”both...and...“...和...（两者都）” Both my father and I are at home. 我和我的爸爸都在家
neither “两者都不”，both的反义词。 Neither...nor...“...和...（两者）都不” Neither my father nor I am interested in your story. 我和我的爸爸对你的故事都不感兴趣
all “三者或三者以上的人或物都” All of my classmates are from Nanjing. 我的同学都来自南京
none “三者或三者以上的人或物都不”， 是all的反义词 None of the students like that film. 没有学生喜欢那部电影。
either “两者中任何一个”。 either...or...“或者...或者...；要么...要么...” Either you or Lily has to stay at home. 要么你，要么Lily，必须待在家
“What happened ” she asked in surprise. 她吃惊也问道：“发生什么事了 ”
In surprise意为“惊讶地”，其中surprise是名词，意为“惊讶”；作动词时，意为“使惊讶”。
例：She looked at me in surprise. 她惊讶地看着我。
Your story surprised me so much. 你的故事使我太惊讶了。
Could I borrow that book 我可以借那本书吗？
辨析：borrow, lend, keep
borrow 表示“借；借来；借人”，指向别人借来东西， 常见的搭配是borrow sth. from sb. Do you often borrow books from the library 你经常从图书馆借书吗
lend 表示“借给；借出”，指把东西借给别人， 常见的搭配是lend sb. sth. 或lend sth. to sb. Thank you very much for lending it to me. 非常感谢你把它借给了我。
They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为 了取得好成绩，进入一所好大学，他们应该把他们的时间花在学业上。
本句中的“in order to get good grades and get into a good university”是目的状语，其中in order to表示“目的是；为了”，后跟动词原形。
in order to do sth. 表示“为了做某事”，否定结构是in order not to do sth.“为了不做某事”。
例：We started early in order to arrive before dark. 为了在天黑前到达，我们很早就动身了。
He got up early in order not to be late for school. 为了上学不迟到，他起得很早。
拓展：so that/ in order that表示“目的是，为了”，用来引导目的状语从句，
此时可以转化为含to/in order to的句子。
例：He studied hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
= He studied hard to/ in order to pass the exam. 为了能通过考试，他努力学习。
It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
在家中为他们的孩子提供一一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。
provide是及物动词，表示“提供；供应”，后可接名词或代词作宾语，具体用法如下：
provide sb. with sth. 提供给某人某物 Sheep provide us with wool.羊供给我们羊毛。
provide sth. for sb. 给某人提供某物 The hotel provides a shoe-cleaning service for guests. 该宾馆为客人提供擦鞋服务。
拓展：offer sth. to sb./ offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物
Children these days depend on their parents too much. 现在的孩子过于依赖他们的家长。
depend on是固定短语，表示“依靠；信赖”，也作depend upon。
例：Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep.
健康依靠的是好的食物新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。
It depends on whether she likes the boss or not. 这取决于她是否喜欢这个老板。
常见的“动词+on”的短语有：
get on上车 turn on打开 call on 号召 come on 快点；加油
pass on 转交；传给 put on 穿上；上演 concentrate on 专心于；集中精力于
Since they live in one house with their parents,they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy.
既然他们与父母同住在一个屋檐之下，他们应该知道每个人都应当尽自己的职责来保持家里干净整洁。
本句含有since 引导的原因状语从句。since 作连词，意为“因为；既然”。
例：Since we have no money, it's no good thinking about a holiday. 既然我们没有钱，考虑度假并没有用。
语法聚焦 情态动词could提出请求和征求许可
用could提出请求
常见结构：“Could you( please... ” 意为：你能吗？或请你....好吗？ 客气、有礼貌地提出请求的方式。 —Could you please open the door 请你把门]打开好吗 —Sure. 当然可以。
同意，回答：OK./No problem.等
不同意，回答：Sorry, I can’t.等（并以委婉的方式来解释原因。）
用could征求许可
常见结构：“Could ... ” 意为：我能/可以...吗？ —Could I smoke here 我可以在这里抽烟吗 —No, you can’t. Look at the sign “No smoking”! 不,你不能。看那个“禁止吸烟”的标牌!
肯定回答：may, can等（不用could）
否定回答：can’t或mustn’t(语气重)等，有时也可避而不用。
while的用法
while用作连词时有以下几种含义：
释义 用法 例句
虽然，尽管 引导让步状语从句 While he is in poor health, he works hard. 虽然他身体不好，但他还是努力工作。
而，然而 连接两个并列分句，表示对比关系 I like singing while she likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌，而她喜欢跳舞。