阅读理解技巧之篇章结构专项练—2023年初中英语中考二轮复习（含答案）

阅读理解技巧之篇章结构专项练
Think back to a time in your life when you tried something new.
When I was a teenager I volunteered to pass out water at a local race. I was so excited to see all the different runners who passed by and quickly took a cup of water. Some ran past, some walked past and a few wheeled past.
I saw so many types of people doing it. I thought maybe I could do it, too! The next year I decided to run for the race, but I had little practice. I just wanted to finish. On the day of the race, it was terribly hot. After running for about 5 miles, I was thinking, "I must be crazy. Why did I do this What was I thinking " And at one moment, I said to myself, "I am never doing this again!"
That first 10 km race was quite an experience. I jogged, I walked, I jogged and walked. At times, I didn't know if I could finish.
Near the end, a 70-year-old man ran past me, very fast, and I felt a little embarrassed （尴尬的） that I was more than 50 years younger than he and I couldn't even keep up with him. But then I realized something. He was running his race and I was running mine. How often in life do we compare（比较）ourselves to others when we really shouldn't I decided that I would not give up on running races and that one day I would be one of those 70-year-olds who were still running.
As I crossed the finishing line, I was proud of myself. I didn't regret（后悔） having such an experience.
1．What did the writer do at a local race as a volunteer
A．He helped old runners.
B．He cheered for the runners.
C．He passed out water to the runners.
D．He took back the cups from the runners.
2．Why did the writer join the race
A．He just wanted to experience.
B．He was crazy about running.
C．He had practiced running very hard.
D．He wanted very much to win a prize.
3．How did the writer's feeling change after running about 5 miles
a. He regretted.
b. He encouraged himself.
c. He felt a little embarrassed.
A．a-b-c B．b-a-c C．a-c-b D．b-c-a
4．What is the best title of the passage
A．To Be No. 1 B．Let's Compare
C．A Volunteering Job D．Running Your Own Race
We like to believe that before we make a decision, most of the time, we take time to consider all the facts carefully. However, Experts believe that only 5% of our decisions are based on a rational （理性的）thought process. So, what influences our decision-making process
We often leave decision-making to our instincts（本能）.Scientists have found out that if we had the choice, we like to avoid pain rather than get something. In fact, we're twice as happy when we try to avoid a bad situation than when we experience a good one. This is why when companies send ads, they use phrases like "How to avoid...", "Don't miss out!", etc.
There are also physical reasons that affect our decision-making. Psychologist （心理学家）John Bargh carried on an experiment where people were asked what they thought of a fictional person, while holding a cold or a hot cup of coffee. Those holding the hot cup believed the person to be warmer and more sociable than those holding the cold cup. So, when temperatures rise, the more likely we are to believe in strangers.
Stress is another thing which affects our decisions. Different situations are more or less stressful for different people. Researchers have found, though, that women are more conservative （保守的）about decisions when stressed, while men are to make riskier choices.
It may come as a surprise but every day from the minute we get up, we have to make countless decisions, like what to wear, what coffee to have and so on. Each choice makes our brain a little bit more tired, and this affects our decision-making. That's why important people, like presidents wearing the same three suits all the time, want to limit the small choices and spend more brain power （力量）on the bigger ones.
5．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
A． B． C． D．
6．What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A．Every day we have to make lots of big decisions.
B．People sometimes judge a person by what he wears.
C．What people wear influences their decision making.
D．Making fewer decisions helps to save brain power.
7．What can we learn from the passage
A．We make most of the decisions after our careful thinking.
B．People are likely to be happier to avoid something bad.
C．As the temperature is low, we are likely to believe others
D．People usually have risky decisions under heavy pressure.
8．The purpose of the passage is to__________.
A．tell us what influences decision-making B．advise people to make rational decisions
C．warn people not to make risky decisions D．show disadvantages of rational decisions
① We know that everyone wants to be healthy. And how can you be healthy Here is some advice for you.
② First, please have breakfast. It is very good for your health. Some people do not like to eat breakfast because they don’t want to be fat. But they will eat more for lunch and dinner. Then they will get fat easily.
③ Second, eat more fruit like apples, oranges, bananas and so on. Vegetables are also good for your health. Don’t eat too much meat.
④Third, stay away from junk food (垃圾食品). It’s bad for your health. Please eat less of it.
⑤ Fourth, please go to bed and get up early. It’s a good habit. And you can run or do other sports in the early morning.
⑥I hope you will be a very healthy student.
9．If you don’t eat breakfast, you will ________.
A．get fat easily B．be very healthy
C．eat less for lunch D．eat more junk food
10．According to (根据) the passage, what can you do in the early morning
A．Go to bed early. B．Do sports. C．Eat more fruit. D．Drink water.
11．The passage is about ________.
A．when to get up B．how to eat more
C．when to eat breakfast D．how to be healthy
12．Which of the following best shows the structure (结构) of the passage
A． B．
C． D．
It happens every night－bedtime. But what if you’re not sleepy Should you still go to bed if you are just going to lie there with your eyes wide open It’s a problem that has been around as long as there are people trying to sleep.
In order to find the right solution for you, it’s possible that you understand what exactly is keeping you up at night. You might be excited by something you did in the day. You might be nervous about what you’re going to do the next day. Maybe you don’t like sleeping alone in your room. Maybe you have frightening dreams. All of these are possible reasons for your sleeping problem. However, there are some ways you can take to help you solve it.
One thing that can help is talking to a parent or another trusted adult about what you’re worrying about at bedtime. For example, if you’re nervous about taking a test, or upset about being teased (被嘲弄) at school, it can really help to tell somebody. Knowing that somebody has heard you can help ease your mind so that you can have a good rest.
Sleeping in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room is a good choice. If there’s anything in your room that makes you feel uneasy or anxious at night, like a picture that looks strange in the dark, or a noisy faucet (水龙头) in the bathroom, be sure to ask your parents to move or fix it. Make sure electronics, such as mobile phones or iPads, are kept away from your bed. They can keep you excited, making it harder for you to fall asleep.
If you are usually restless around bedtime, doing certain things to relax beforehand may help you fall asleep. Try to take more time to wind down by taking a warm bath, or listening to a bedtime story at least 30 minutes before you go to sleep. It also helps to follow a bedtime routine and go to sleep at the same time every night. As a result, your body will get the message that it’s almost time to sleep. Your body will know to start feeling tired. It is worth the time and effort developing a good sleeping habit.
13．To have a good night’s sleep, what does the writer advise you to do first
A．To talk about the problem to someone you trust.
B．To sleep in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room.
C．To go to bed at certain time.
D．To know the exact reason why you stay awake at night.
14．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A．Creating a good sleep environment. B．Keeping the room quiet and cool.
C．Making your bedroom comfortable. D．Staying away from electronics.
15．What does the phrase “wind down” in Paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Keep clean. B．Get relaxed. C．Stay awake. D．Feel sleepy.
16．Which of the following shows structure (结构) of the passage (P=Paragraph)
A． B．
C． D．
Tim Berners-Lee is not the most famous inventor in the world. However, his invention has changed our lives.
He was born in London, England in 1955. When he was a small boy, Tim was interested in playing with electrical things. He studied science at Oxford University. He made his first computer from an old television at the age of 21.
Tim started working on early computers. At that time, they were much bigger than now. He worked in England then Switzerland. Tim was really interested in two things, computers and how the brain works. How could the brain connect so many facts so quickly He had to work with people all over the world. They shared information about computers. It was hard to manage all the information. He answered the same questions again and again. It took a lot of time. It was even difficult for computers in the same office in Switzerland to share information. Tim also forgot things easily. Could a computer work like a brain Could it "talk" to other computers
There was an Internet already but it was difficult to use. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web（WWW）all by himself. This had a special language that helped computers talk to each other on the Internet. When people wanted to share information with others, they used the World Wide Web. The Internet grew quickly after that.
Tim Berners-Lee doesn't think he did anything special. He says that all of the ideas about the Internet were already there. All he did was to put them together. He says that many other people worked together to make the Internet what it is today.
Most inventors want to become rich. But Tim gave away the World Wide Web for nothing. He now works in America. He helps people share technology and wants the Internet to be free for everyone to use. Maybe he is the most important but least famous inventor in the world today!
17．What was Tim Berners-Lee interested in
A．Looking for jobs in different cities. B．Talking to people around the world.
C．Studying how to connect computers. D．Exploring how to improve memory.
18．The underlined word "It" in Paragraph 3 refers to "________".
A．Working on early computers
B．Connecting different facts together
C．Travelling to the office in Switzerland
D．Repeating the answers to the same questions
19．Why is Tim Berners-Lee one of the most important men in the world
A．He made information sharing on the Internet possible.
B．He made the first computer when he was 21 years old.
C．He helped people understand better how the brain works.
D．He invented the Internet and made it free for everyone to use.
20．In what order did the following events take place
a. Tim worked in England. b. Tim worked in Switzerland.
c. Tim made his first computer. d. Tim invented the World Wide Web.
e. Tim studied science at Oxford University.
A．c - e - d - a - b B．e - b - a - c - d C．c - d - a - e - b D．e - c - a - b - d
21．What does the writer think of Tim Berners-Lee
A．He is not famous because he is not rich.
B．He has changed our lives and he is great.
C．He did nothing special but make people a good life.
D．He has made great achievements in memory research.
Teenager Jake Deham was skiing with his family in the US when he fell over and lost one of his skis. His family didn’t know that he had a problem. They kept on skiing. When they got to the foot of the mountain, there was no sign of Jake.
Jake couldn’t find his ski anywhere. In the end, he decided to take off his other ski and walk down the mountain. But he couldn’t work out the right way to go.
It was now getting dark and he was a long way from any place of safety. He knew that he might die that night in the cold temperatures. But Jake kept calm. At home, Jake watched a lot of programmes about living in difficult situations. He remembered the advice from these programmes and knew that he should build a hole in the snow. He made a hole so the wind couldn’t blow into it. Outside his hole, the temperature fell to a dangerous -15℃ that night, but inside it Jake was safe from the cold.
After the long evening passed, Jake began to think his way out. He had to get down the mountain. The TV programmes always said, “If you are lost, you should find someone else’s tracks(足迹) through the snow and follow them.” “I wanted to live my life.” Remembered Jake. “So I got up and I found some ski tracks and I followed those.” He walked and walked and finally saw lights. …
His mum was very happy when she heard his son was saved. Amazingly, Jake didn’t even have to go to hospital. He got through the terrible experience without any injuries.
So, the next time someone says that watching TV is a waste of time, think of Jake. Sometimes TV can save your life!
22．Jake’s parents didn’t know that he was missing until __________.
A．Jake contacted them on the phone
B．they began to ski down the mountain
C．they reached the foot of the mountain
D．Jake lost one of his skis
23．What was the most important decision Jake made for his safety
A．To go skiing with his family in the US.
B．To search for the ski that he had lost in the snow.
C．To take off his other ski and walk down the mountain.
D．To build a hole in the snow to keep himself warm.
24．In what order did the following take place in the story
a. Jake made a hole in the snow. b. Jake lost one of his skis.
c. Jake finally saw lights. d. Jake followed some tracks.
e. Jake took off his other ski.
A．b-e-a-d-c B．a-b-e-c-d
C．d-e-b-a-c D．b-c-e-a-d
25．What probably happen to Jake when he saw lights
A．Jake’s parents came to search and saved him.
B．Jake went back to the hole and waited there.
C．Jake found his lost ski and skied down by himself.
D．Jake found a team of men who came to save him.
26．What can we learn from the story
A．It is dangerous for us to travel alone.
B．Keep calm when facing difficulties.
C．Never give up and you will be successful.
D．It is a waste of time to watch TV.
People have told stories about Robin Hood for over 700 years. Nobody knows if he was a real person or an invented character. In the legends, Robin was extremely smart and humorous, he helped strangers, and later his kindness paid off.
The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood was just a young man, who was good at archery (射箭术). One day he was walking through Sherwood Forest, a royal hunting forest near Nottingham in England. There he got into trouble with a group of men. Among them, he killed the cousin of the Sheriff (郡长) of Nottingham. Robin became a legendary outlaw, and soon the leader of one hundred outlaws, known as his "Merry Men".
Robin and his "Merry Men" always looked for rich people and asked them to their camp in Sherwood Forest. When they arrived, Robin gave them a good meal and played music for them. Then he took their gold away to help the poor. Robin became most famous for "robbing from the rich and giving to the poor. "
The Sheriff of Nottingham was Robin’s greatest enemy. He was cruel and treated the poor badly. It was his job to keep the woods safe and to make sure that nobody stole the king’s deer. He hated Robin because Robin was an outlaw. But most of all, he hated Robin because everyone else loved him. The Sheriff of Nottingham kept trying to catch Robin Hood and his "Merry Men", but never succeeded.
27．What was Robin Hood like according to the passage
A．Clever and full of fun. B．Smart and serious.
C．Cruel to the poor people. D．Good at telling stories.
28．The underlined word "outlaw" in Paragraph 3 means ____________.
A．enemy B．criminal C．king D．fighter
29．What was Robin Hood best known for
A．Playing beautiful music for the rich.
B．Robbing the rich and helping the poor.
C．Stealing the king’s deer in Sherwood Forest.
D．Killing the cousin of the Sheriff of Nottingham.
30．Which is the right order of what happened in the story
① Robin became the leader of a group of outlaws.
② Robin asked the rich people to Sherwood Forest.
③ Robin killed the cousin of the Sheriff of Nottingham.
④ Robin gave poor people the gold he took away from the rich.
A．①④②③ B．②③①④ C．③①④② D．③①②④
31．What can we learn from the first and last paragraphs
A．Robin Hood was a real man who once lived in England.
B．People can only read stories of Robin Hood from books.
C．The stories of Robin Hood are still very popular nowadays.
D．Robin Hood didn’t get help from strangers who he once helped.
How do we know the time A clock, a watch or a mobile phone can help us. However, many years ago there were no clocks and knowing the time was not so easy. Over the centuries people have developed different ways of telling the time.
About 5, 500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the sun clock. This was a tall stone building. Its shadow(影子) showed the movement of the sun. So people were able to know midday. The Egyptians made a sundial about 3, 500 years ago. It was smaller than the sun clock and could let people know the time for half a day. On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial. Water clocks were the first clocks not to use the sun. The idea is simple. Water flows(流动) from one bottle to another. When the water reaches a certain level, it shows the hours. The Egyptians used water clocks about 3, 400 years ago. These clocks were popular in the Middle East and China. But they failed to make people know the exact time.
In the 13th century, the mechanical clock was invented. This was more exact, but it was expensive to make one. Over the next few centuries it was developed. For example, springs(发条) were added around 1500. This enabled people to get the correct time and allowed clocks to be smaller. In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock. People began depending on them more and more to run business, markets and so on. More recently, in 1956, came the digital clock. And nowadays satellites send our mobile phones the time to the exact second.
There has been a lot of progress in timekeeping. Clocks are always changing but some things never change. Many of us still have trouble getting out of bed on time and not being late for school or work.
32．According to the passage, we can’t use ________ to tell the time on a rainy day.
A．water clock B．sun clock C．digital clock D．mechanical clock
33．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “ordinary” in the third paragraph
A．现代的 B．特殊的 C．富有的 D．普通的
34．How many kinds of clocks are mentioned in the passage
A．Four. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.
35．Which of the following shows the structure(结构) of the passage
(①=paragraph 1 ②= pargaph 2,…)
A． B．
C． D．
36．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．The importance of time. B．The development of timekeeping.
C．The inventions of clocks. D．The history of a digital clock.
Bill is a student． He is twelve． He lives with his father， mother and little sister in New York now． He likes to fly kites and play some other games．
One afternoon， Bill is free． And he flies kites with his friends after school． But Bill's kite is in the tree and he cannot get it． Bill and his friends do not know what to do． They worry （着急） very much and Bill comes to his father， Mr． Green， for help． His father wants to get the kite down from the tree， but he can't． So Bill asks him to make a new one for him． Mr． Green makes a new kite for Bill． When the boy gets the new kite， he is very glad． He thanks his father for the kite and goes out to play with his friends．
37．Why does Bill go to fly kites？　 　
A．Because（因为）he has a new kite． B．Because he has some time．
C．Because his teacher asks them to do that． D．Because he needn't go to school．
38．Who flies kites with Bill？　 　
A．His father． B．His cousins． C．His sister． D．His friends．
39．Why does Bill come to his father？　 　
A．Because he wants his father to get down the kite． B．Because one of his friends doesn't have a kite．
C．Because he wants his father to fly kites． D．Because his father takes away his kite．
40．Which of the following is the right order（正确的顺序）？　 　
①Bill's father makes a kite． ②Bill goes to fly kites．
③The kite is in the tree． ④Bill asks his father for help．
A．①②③④ B．②③④① C．④①②③ D．③①④②
41．Which of the following is TRUE？　 　
A．Flying kites is Bill's favorite game． B．Bill makes the kite with his father．
C．Bill's family live in America． D．Bill's friends help him get the kite．
Getting excited over the Christmas ads becomes a big tradition for people in the UK. This year, Sainsbury, the second largest supermarket in the UK, shared its ad called Mog the Cat. Now the ad is known as "the best Christmas ad ever" according to Twitter.
The ad is about a cat of the Thomas family. In the ad, the cat blew up the Christmas tree and almost burned the house. Luckily, she succeeded in phoning the fire service and saved the house. _▲___. Mog felt sorry. As they were worried, the neighbors came together to help the family clean up and enjoy Christmas dinner. Its ending will make you feel all sweet inside. It also carries Sainsbury’s Christmas saying “Christmas is for sharing”.
Another reason why the ad is popular is that Mog the Cat is the star of a much-loved children’s book. The writer Kerr herself appears in this as a neighbor of the Thomas family. This ad also tells us some fire safety facts.
Twitters were talking about and enjoyed the ad. One little boy named Jim wrote the ad was the best Christmas gift he got this year. Jill mixed feeling with the ad. She wrote this ad made her laugh and cry at the same time. And she said: “I don’t even like cats.” Another woman wrote: “So far Sainsbury’s Christmas ad is the best I’ve seen this year.” People like the ad not only for the funny story but also for the spirit of Christmas it shows.
42．___▲___ might be the most proper sentence to be put in the blank of Paragraph 2.
A．But she made Christmas Day even greater.
B．But she brought much fun to the Thomas family.
C．But she was ready to live with the neighbors of the Thomas family.
D．But she messed up Christmas Day.
43．Find out the probable reasons why people like the ad according to passage.
① The ad shows the spirit of Christmas.
② The writer Kerr appears in the ad.
③ That is the ad made by Sainsbury.
④ Mog the Cat is a star of a much-loved children's book.
A．①② B．③④ C．①④ D．②③
44．From the last paragraph, we can learn that___________.
A．few twitters like the ad Mog the Cat
B．Jill doesn’t like cats any more after watching the ad
C．people like the ad just because it’s really funny
D．the ad Mog the Cat is very popular with people
45．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage (P=Paragraph)
A． B．
C． D．
参考答案：
1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D
1．细节理解题。根据“When I was a teenager I volunteered to pass out water at a local race.”可知，作者在当地的一次比赛中作为志愿者分发水。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据“I saw so many types of people doing it. I thought maybe I could do it, too! The next year I decided to run for the race, but I had little practice. I just wanted to finish.”可知，作者参赛没有经过练习，只想结束比赛，所以推测作者是因为想有这样的经历而参赛。故选A。
3．篇章结构题。根据“And at one moment, I said to myself, ‘I am never doing this again!’”、“Near the end, a 70-year-old man ran past me, very fast, and I felt a little embarrassed”和“I decided that I would not give up on running races”可知，作者的感受由后悔参加比赛到感到尴尬再到鼓励自己不要放弃，顺序为a-c-b。故选C。
4．最佳标题题。A：成为第一名；B：让我们比较；C：一份志愿工作；D：跑自己的比赛。分析文章可知，本文主要告诉我们要坚持，跑完自己的比赛，不要后悔尝试新事物。故选D。
5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A
5．篇章结构题。题干为：下面哪个选项显示了这篇文章的结构？分析文章可知，本文采用“总——分”的结构行文，且分论点下并无其他讲解，故选C。
6．主旨大意题。题干为：最后一段的大意是什么？根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要讲述少做决定有助于节省脑力，故选D。
7．推理判断题。题干为：我们能从这篇文章中学到什么？根据“Scientists have found out that if we had the choice…when we try to avoid a bad situation than when we experience a good one.”可知，当我们试图避免一个糟糕的情况时，我们的幸福感是经历一个好情况时的两倍，故选B。
8．推理判断题。题干为：写这篇文章的目的是什么？根据文章主旨可知，本文主要告诉我们什么影响决策，故选A。
9．A 10．B 11．D 12．B
9．细节理解题。根据“But they will eat more for lunch and dinner. Then they will get fat easily”，可知，不吃早餐会更容易变胖，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据“And you can run or do other sports in the early morning”，可知，在清晨要做运动，故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据“And how can you be healthy Here is some advice for you”，可知，本文是有关如何保持健康的，故选D。
12．篇章结构题。第一段点名主题；第二段到第五段提供了四条建议；第三段表达祝愿，所以本文的结构是：总——分——总，故选B。
13．D 14．A 15．B 16．C
13．细节理解题。根据In order to find the right solution for you, it’s possible that you understand what exactly is keeping you up at night. 为了找到适合你的正确方法，你可能知道晚上到底是什么让你保持清醒。可知要想睡个好觉，作者建议你先要知道你为什么在晚上保持清醒的确切原因。故选D。
14．主旨大意题。本段介绍了睡在舒适的床上，如果房间里有什么东西让你晚上感到不安或焦虑的东西，一定要想法移除，确保手机或iPad等电子设备远离您的床。它们能让你兴奋，让你更难入睡。要创造良好的睡眠环境。故答案为A。
15．词句猜测题。If you are usually restless around bedtime, doing certain things to relax beforehand may help you fall asleep. 如果你睡觉的时候经常感到不安，那么做一些事先放松的事情可以帮助你入睡。Try to take more time to wind down by taking a warm bath, or listening to a bedtime story at least 30 minutes before you go to sleep. 洗个热水澡，或者睡前至少听30分钟睡前故事.”可知，应该是"放松"。故选B。
16．篇章结构题。根据上文It’s a problem that has been around as long as there are people trying to sleep. 只要有人想睡觉，这个问题就一直存在。可见第一段提出了人们会遇到失眠这种问题。从第二段In order to find the right solution for you, it’s possible that you understand what exactly is keeping you up at night. 为了为你找到正确的解决方案，你有可能明白是什么让你在晚上睡不着觉。可以看出本段主要写了要寻找失眠的原因。第二段最后一句承上启下there are some ways you can take to help you solve it.可见后三段写的是怎样解决失眠问题：其一：第三段One thing that can help is talking to a parent or another trusted adult about what you’re worrying about at bedtime. 有一件事可以帮助你和父母或另一个值得信赖的成年人谈谈你在睡觉时担心的事情；其二：Sleeping in a comfortable bed in a quiet and cool room is a good choice. 睡在一个舒适的床上，在一个安静和凉爽的房间是一个很好的选择；其三：doing certain things to relax beforehand may help you fall asleep. 如果事先做一些放松的事情可以帮助你入睡。不难看出，第一段提出问题，第二段总说解决问题，第三、四、五段分说怎样解决问题，故选C。
17．C 18．D 19．A 20．D 21．B
17．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Tim was really interested in two things, computers and how the brain works.”和“Could a computer work like a brain ”可知，Tim对探索电脑能否像人脑一样联系交流很感兴趣，故选C。
18．推理判断题。分析第三段中“He answered the same questions again and again. It took a lot of time. It was even difficult for computers in the same office in Switzerland to share information.”可知，Tim花费不少时间去回答关于电脑的问题，对于用电脑回答这些问题那就更费时间了，所以此处it指的是重复同一个问题的答案，故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web（WWW）all by himself. This had a special language that helped computers talk to each other on the Internet.”可知，Tim创造了万维网，使互联网交流和信息分享成为了可能，故选A。
20．篇章结构题。根据“He studied science at Oxford University.”，“He made his first computer”，“He worked in England then Switzerland.”和“In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web（WWW）all by himself.”可知，事情发生的顺序是e-c-a-b-d，故选D。
21．观点态度题。由最后一段“Maybe he is the most important but least famous inventor in the world today!”可知，作者对于Tim的评价相当高，认为他是当今世界上最重要但最不出名的发明家，故选B。
22．C 23．D 24．A 25．D 26．B
22．细节理解题。根据When they got to the foot of the mountain, there was no sign of Jake.可知当他们到达山脚下的时候，才发现没有了杰克的踪迹。故选C
23．推理判断题。根据He remembered the advice from these programmes and knew that he should build a hole in the snow.可知Jake为了保证安全，做的一个重要的决定就是在雪里挖一个洞，故选D。
24．排序题。根据Teenager Jake Deham ... lost one of his skis.可知Jake丢了一个滑雪板，b排第一，排除BC；根据In the end, he decided to take off his other ski可知他脱下了另一个滑雪板，e排第二，排除D项。故选A。
25．推理判断题。根据His mum was very happy when she heard his son was saved.可知妈妈听说儿子被救，由此推出不是父母来搜救，排除A；结合常识可知看到灯光后他应是被救了，D项“杰克发现有一队人来救他。”符合语境。故选D。
26．推理判断题。由文章的内容可知，当面临困境时，杰克没有害怕慌张，而是非常的镇定，用自己知道的知识帮助自己摆脱困境，成功脱险。这告诉我们，面临困难时，要冷静应对。故选B。
27．A 28．B 29．B 30．D 31．C
27．细节理解题。根据第一段Robin was extremely smart and humorous,可知他是一个很聪明而且很幽默的人，结合选项故选A。
28．词义猜测题。根据单词所在的句子Among them, he killed the cousin of the Sheriff (郡长) of Nottingham. Robin became a legendary outlaw, 他杀死了诺丁汉郡长的表弟，因为他杀了人，所以他就变成了一个传说中的“罪犯”，故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据Robin became most famous for "robbing from the rich and giving to the poor. "罗宾因“从富人那里抢东西，给穷人”而出名。结合选项故选B。
30．排序题。根据原文，首先他杀死了诺丁汉郡长的表弟，所以首先是③，然后成了一群亡命之徒的领袖，所以接着是①，第3段Robin and his "Merry Men" always looked for rich people and asked them to their camp in Sherwood Forest.他让有钱人到舍伍德森林的营地去，所以是②，第三段后文Then he took their gold away to help the poor.他把金子给穷人，对应的是④，故选D。
31．细节理解题。根据Nobody knows if he was a real person or an invented character.可知我们不确定他是不是真人，故A错误；根据In the legends, Robin was extremely smart and humorous,可知这是一个传说，所以不仅仅可以在书上看到他的故事，故B错误；根据 and later his kindness paid off.可知他的好心得到了回报，故D错误。根据第一段，这个故事虽然有700多年的历史了，当时因为他的幽默聪明，大家都很喜欢这个故事，故C正确。故选C。
32．B 33．D 34．C 35．A 36．B
32．题意：根据本文内容，下雨天我们不能用________来判断时间。
细节理解题。根据原文“On cloudy days or at night it was impossible to tell the time with a sun clock or a sundial”可知，太阳钟是用来显示太阳运动轨迹从而判断时间的，所以雨天的时候不能使用。B选项sun clock“太阳钟”符合题意，故选B。
33．题意：第3段中画线单词“ordinary”的意思是？
词句猜测题。根据原文“In 1927, the first quartz clock was developed. Clocks became cheaper to build. It’s also cheaper for ordinary people to own a clock”可知，石英钟问世之后，时钟的成本开始变便宜，许多普通人也买得起时钟了。画线单词“ordinary”意为“普通的”，故选D。
34．题意：文中提到了多少种时钟？
细节理解题。通读全文可知，一共提到了sun clock、sundial、water clock、mechanical clock、quartz clock、digital clock六种时钟。C选项Six“6种”符合题意，故选C。
35．题意：以下哪一项展示了本文的篇章结构？
篇章结构题。第一段用于引出时钟演变的历史这一话题，第二、三段则是具体描述了不同历史时期出现的时钟及其优缺点，第四段是文章结尾，对时钟演变历史进行了评价，即时钟在计时方面的进步随着科学技术的进步而不断进步。由此可知本文采用“总-分-总”的篇章结构，即“①—②③—④”，故选A。
36．题意：这篇文章主要讲什么？
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，介绍了从古至今计时方法的不断演变和进步。B选项The development of timekeeping“计时技术的发展”符合题意，故选B。
37．B 38．D 39．A 40．B 41．C
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子One afternoon, Bill is free. And he flies kites with his friends after school.一天下午，比尔有空，放学后他就和朋友们一起放风筝。可知因为他有时间，才去与朋友一起放风筝，答案选B。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子One afternoon, Bill is free. And he flies kites with his friends after school. 一天下午，比尔有空。放学后他和朋友一起放风筝。可知是比尔的朋友一起与他放风筝。故答案选D。
39．细节理解题。根据文中句子 Bill comes to his father, Mr. Green, for help. His father wants to get the kite down from the tree比尔向他的父亲格林先生寻求帮助，他的爸爸想把风筝从树上拿下来。可知因为他想让他的父亲取下风筝，故答案选A。
40．细节排序题。根据One afternoon, Bill is free. And he flies kites with his friends after school. 一天下午，比尔有空。放学后他和朋友一起放风筝。But Bill's kite is in the tree and he cannot get it. 但是比尔的风筝在树上，他拿不到。Bill comes to his father, Mr. Green, for help. His father wants to get the kite down from the tree比尔向他的父亲格林先生寻求帮助，他的爸爸想把风筝从树上拿下来。Mr. Green makes a new kite for Bill.格林先生给比尔做了一个新风筝。结合选项可知，正确的顺序为②③④①。故选B。
41．细节判断题。根据He lives with his father, mother and little sister in New York now他现在和父亲、母亲和妹妹住在纽约。纽约是美国的城市，可知比尔一家住在美国。故选C。
42．D 43．C 44．D 45．D
42．细节理解题。根据前文的句子“In the ad, the cat blew up the Christmas tree and almost burned the house. Luckily, she succeeded in phoning the fire service and saved the house.”今年的广告说的是一只猫吹爆了圣诞树，导致房子失火，但幸运的是它及时地拨打了火警电话来报警。可知，她这是把圣诞节搞砸了。故选D。
43．细节理解题。根据“People like the ad not only for the funny story but also for the spirit of Christmas it shows.”人们不仅喜欢这个有趣的故事，而且喜欢它所表现出的圣诞精神的广告。可知，① 这则广告显示了圣诞节的精神。根据“Another reason why the ad is popular is that Mog the Cat is the star of a much-loved children’s book.”这则广告之所以受欢迎的另一个原因是，猫咪莫格是一本深受喜爱的儿童读物中的明星。可知，④ 猫莫格是一本深受喜爱的儿童读物中的明星。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据“People like the ad not only for the funny story but also for the spirit of Christmas it shows.”人们不仅喜欢这个有趣的故事，还喜欢它所展现的圣诞精神。可知，Mog the Cat是非常受欢迎的人。故选D。
45．篇章结构题。根据文中“Getting excited over the Christmas ads becomes a big tradition for people in the UK.”，人们对圣诞广告表现出激动的心情已成为英国人的一大传统。以下举例说明今年的情况，故第一段介绍的是英国人今年也是对圣诞广告“猫哥”感到非常激动。它独自一段。根据第二段中“Its ending will make you feel all sweet inside. It also carries Sainsbury’s Christmas saying “Christmas is for sharing””可知，广告的结尾让人感觉广告内容很温馨甜蜜，它还传播了英佰瑞超市的圣诞习语“圣诞就是要分享”的理念。根据第三段中“Another reason why the ad is popular is that Mog the Cat is the star of a much-loved children’s book.”可知，人们喜欢这个广告的另一个原因是猫哥是备受欢迎的儿童书的明星，综上，第二、三段介绍的是人们喜欢这个广告的原因。根据第四段中“Twitters were talking about and enjoyed the ad.”，人们在推特上留言讨论这个广告，并表达对的喜爱。综上，第一段是介绍这个广告，第二和第三段分别介绍人们喜欢这个广告的两个原因，最后一段总结人们在推特上留言讨论这个广告，故选D。