(共23张PPT)
六、连词
连词是用于连接名词、短语或句子的虚词,不单独作句子成分。按意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两类。
考点一 并列连词
并列连词是用来连接语法地位相同的单词、短语以及句子的连词。并列连词主要分为表示并列关系、转折关系、因果关系及选择关系的并列连词。
分类 连词 例句
并
列
关
系 and(和;与),both. . . and(既……又),not only. . . but also(不但……而且),neither. . . nor(既不……也不) Mr. Brown is not only our teacher but also our friend.
布朗先生不仅是我们的老师,而且是我们的朋友。
转
折
关
系 but(但是),however(然而),while(然而) He is very young, but he knows a lot.
他虽然很小,但是知道很多。
分类 连词 例句
因
果
关
系
so(因此;所以),
because(因为),
for(因为) Bill doesn’t come to school because he is ill. 比尔今天没来上学是因为他生病了。
选
择
关
系 or(还是;否则),
either. . . or
(或者……或者) Nick is either in London or in Paris.
尼克不是在伦敦就是在巴黎。
【温馨提示】
1. 两对“冤家对头”不能同时出现在一个句子中: although/ though与but;because与so。
2. and和or的区分
(1)and用于肯定句中,or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。例如:
①I like bread and milk for breakfast.
我早餐喜欢吃面包,喝牛奶。
②I don’t like bread or milk for breakfast.
我早餐不喜欢吃面包,喝牛奶。
③Would you like some tea or coffee
你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡?
(2)否定句中两部分都有否定词时用and连接。例如:
Bill has no brothers and no sisters.
=Bill has no brothers or sisters. 比尔没有兄弟姐妹。
(3)句中含有without时,肯定句中用or,否定句中用and。例如:
①We can’t live without air and water.
没有空气和水,我们无法生存。
②We’ll die without air or water.
没有空气和水,我们就会死亡。
(4)and与or(表示“否则”)都可以与if引导的条件状语从句转换。例如:
①Get up quickly, or you’ll be late for school.
=If you don’t get up quickly, you’ll be late for school.
快点起床,否则你上学会迟到。
②Work hard, and you’ll get good grades.
=If you work hard, you’ll get good grades.
努力学习,你会取得好成绩。
考点二 从属连词(用于引导从句)
1. 引导宾语从句的从属连词that,if(whether)。例如:
①I know that the puppy is very clever.
我知道那条小狗很聪明。
②We don’t know if/whether it will rain tomorrow.
我们不知道明天是否下雨。
2. 引导状语从句的从属连词
时
间 when, whenever, as, while, before, after, until, till, since, as soon as I was watching TV when she came back.
当她回来的时候,我正在看电视。
地
点 where, wherever Bob would like to go wherever he likes.
鲍勃想去他喜欢的任何地方。
原
因 as, because, since He isn’t at school because he is ill.
他没去上学因为他生病了。
目
的 so that, in order that I came here so that I can see her.
我来这儿是为了能看见她。
结
果 so/such. . . that. . . It’s such a good movie that I’d like to see it again.
它是这么好的一部电影以至于我想再看它一次。
条
件 if, unless We won’t give it up unless we run out of time.
我们不会放弃它,除非我们用尽时间。
让
步 although/though,
even though,
however,
whatever Although he was young, he knows a lot about China.
虽然他很年轻,他知道很多关于中国的事情。
比
较 than, as. . . as. . . My cousin is as old as me.
我的表弟和我一样大。
方
式 as You must do as the teacher told you. 你必须按老师告诉你的做。
1. (2012·六盘水中考)The man was so tired, _______ he still went on working.
A. so B. but C. or D. and
【解析】选B。由句意:那个人是那么累,但是他仍然继续工作。可知前后两句存在转折关系,故选B。
2. (2012·恩施中考)The boy is _______ clever that everybody _______ him.
A. such; likes B. so; likes C. so; like
【解析】选B。由that前clever是形容词故用so修饰;everybody作主语时谓语动词用单数,故选B。
3. (2012·呼和浩特中考)— I hear _______ your grandpa _______ your grandma like watching Beijing Opera.
— Right, just as many old people do in our city.
A. both; and B. either; or
C. neither; nor D. not only; but also
【解析】选A。由谓语动词like是复数可知并列连词是both. . . and。其他三个选项的并列连词连接并列主语时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致,故选A。
4. (2011·黄石中考)_______ Lisa ______ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay home to take care of the dog.
A. Not only;but also B. Neither;nor
C. Both;and D. Either;or
【解析】选D。not only. . . but also不但……而且; neither. . . nor既不……也不; both. . . and. . . 两者都。由后半句句意“因为她们中的一个必须在家里照看狗”可知,两个人只能去一个,因此应用either. . . or连接两个并列的主语。
5. (2011·潍坊中考)—Mom, when shall we go to Weifang Museum this weekend
—Oh, sorry. I’m going to Beijing for a meeting. _______ Saturday _______ Sunday is OK.
A. Neither; nor B. Both; and
C. Either; or D. Not only; but also
【解析】选A。句意:——妈妈, 我们这个周末何时去潍坊博物馆啊? ——哦,对不起。我将去北京开会。周六和周日都不行。neither. . . nor 既不……也不。故选A。
6. (2011·宜宾中考)He didn’t go to school yesterday _______ he was ill.
A. because B. because of C. if D. so
【解析】选A。由句中前后两部分的意思可知,后半部分在表明前面“没有上学”的原因,排除C与D项;because后跟句子而because of后跟单词或短语。故选A。
7. (2011·临沂中考)Don’t forget to wash hands _______ you have meals.
A. before B. until C. through D. unless
【解析】选A。句意:你别忘了饭前洗手。before在……之前。故选A。
8. (2011·滨州中考)—What was your brother doing at this time yesterday
—He was reading a magazine _______ I was writing an e-mail at home.
A. as soon as B. after
C. until D. while
【解析】选D。as soon as一……就……;after在……之后; until直到……为止;while当……的时候,和……同时。由答语句意“他在家读杂志而我在写电子邮件”可知,两个动作同时进行,故选D。
9. (2011·聊城中考)—How do you like the story
—Interesting, _______ the end of it is not perfect.
A. so B. though C. or D. because
【解析】选B。though“虽然;尽管”,根据答句句意“很有意思,尽管结局不完美。”可作出判断。
10. (2011·宁波中考)—I hear the famous singer Xu Song may come to Ningbo next month.
—Really _______ he comes, my younger sister will be very excited.
A. If B. Until C. Unless D. Before
【解析】选A。until直到……为止;unless除非;before在……之前;if如果。由答语“是吗?如果他来了,我妹妹将会很兴奋。”可知,应选A。