2023届高三英语二轮复习定语从句课件(共20张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2023届高三英语二轮复习定语从句课件(共20张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-01-22 19:48:51 | ||
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(共20张PPT)
定语从句(1)
The Attributive Clause
在复合句中修饰名词或代词、作定语的句子叫定语从句。
The woman is a writer. She lives next to me.
---- The woman who lives next to me is a writer.
The woman who lives next to me is a writer.
先行词
定语从句
引导词
关系代词：who, whom, whose, that,which
(what不能引导定语从句)
关系副词：when, where, why
(how不用来引导定语从句)
引导词又称之为关系词，分为以下两种：
Attention:
1. 定语从句前必须有先行词 （作主语、宾语或表语），否则就没有说明或修饰的中心内容。
2. 关系代词和关系副词连接先行词和定语从句，起连接作用，同时在定语从句中担任一定的
句子成分。关系词等于先行词。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开。
关系代词：
who，which，that作从句的主语
whom，which，that作从句的宾语(可省略)
whose从句中作定语
关系副词：
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语
why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，只修饰reason。
写定语从句的办法:
首先、找出两个句子当中相同的部分，定语从句修饰的就是这一部分。
其次、把句子中相同的那个部分用一个关系词来代替;代替时根据关系代词的使用规则替换。
第三、再把这个关系代词放到要变成定语从句的句子的最前方(被代替的部分去掉)，这个句子就变成了定语从句。然后，再把这个定语从句整个放在被修饰的词后面。
Have you found the key You were looking for the key yesterday.
---- Have you found the key you were looking for yesterday
The dog belongs to the Browns. It ate my fish yesterday.
---- The dog which/that ate my fish yesterday belongs to the Browns。
The lady has gone to the police station. Her car has been stolen.
---- The lady whose car has been stolen has gone to the police station.
I' ve seen the film. His girl friend played the leading role In it.
---- I' ve seen the film {which / that) his girl friend played the leading role in
---- I’ve seen the film in which his girl friend played the leading role.
介词+关系代词
This is the house. I was born and brought up in the house.
---This is the house which/that I was born and brought up in.
---This is the house I was born and brought up in.
---This is the house in which I was born and brought up.
只能用that而不用which的情况：
1.先行词为不定代词all, little, none，any，every，no，much, anything, nothing
2.先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时(包括: the only, the very, the same, the last, the next等)
3.先行词既有人又有物的时候
注意： that指人或物时，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。
a. Is that the parrot (that/which) you are looking for
b. She is the person (who/whom/that)I met at the school gate.
用which而不用that的几种特殊情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句(包括代表整个主句的意思时)
②介词+关系代词的结构中
注意：
whom/which作介词的宾语时，介词一般可放在whom/which之前，也可放在从句原来的位
置上；但是在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上，保持其意义的相对独立与
完整。
a. The room which there is a machine in is a workshop.
=The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
b. This is the person whom you are looking for. (正确)
This is the person for whom you are looking. (错误)
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
The supermarket which was opened two months ago is now closed down.
两个月前开的那家超市现在已经倒闭了。（限定）
The supermarket, which was opened two months ago, is now closed down.
那家超市现在已经倒闭了，那家超市两个月前开的。（非限定）
The book(which) you’re reading is mine .
你正在读的那本书是我的。（限定）
The book, which you’re reading, is mine.
那本书是我的，你正在读那本书。（非限定）
用who而不能用that的几种特殊情况：
1. 先行词是one, ones, anyone或具有泛指意义的he等时。
a. One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
b. I will shoot anyone who moves.
c. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
2. 当先行词是those时。
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. God helps those who help
themselves.
3. 当先行词有较长的后置定语时。
I met a foreigner in the street who wished to visit you.
4. 带有两个定语从句，其中前一个关系代词是that时。
The boy that you met yesterday is the group leader who studies hard.
5. 在there be开头的句子中。
There is an old man who wants to see you.
as引导的定语从句
1．as可以代替整个句子或一件事，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，意为“正如……，就像……，据……”；从句位置可置于主句之前或之后，有时也可作为插入语置于句中，一般用逗号和主句隔开。
常见于以下这些结构:
as we can see, as can be seen,
as we know, as is（well）known,
as may be imagined, as often happens,
as has been said before, as was mentioned above,
as is often the case, as/indeed it is,
as has been said above, as anybody can see,
......
1. As is well known, great changes have taken place in China.
Or: Great changes, as is well known, have taken place in China.
( as 在定语从句中作主语)
2. This experiment is very simple，as indeed it is.
(as在从句中作表语)
3. Things are not always as they appear.
4. The boy has as much progress as we had expected.
注意：
which在引导非限制性定语从句时，也有和as一样的功能，可以代替整个句子，但which只能用在主句之后。
在as所引导的非限制性定语从句中，如果运用的是被动语态结构，be动词可以省略；但which没有此用法，be动词不可省。
She married him，which was unexpected.
＝She married him as（was）unexpected.
（作主语，代替前面的句子；用which时was不可省。）
a. As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history .
b. The earth , as we know, moves round the sun .
c. Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as we all know.
2. as除了代替整个句子，也可以代替主句中一个特定的词。as在它引导的定语从句（限制
性或非限制性）中可以充当主语，宾语和表语；在这种用法中它经常和such, so, the same
等词搭配使用；且当先行词中有such, so, the same等词修饰时，关系代词通常必须用as。
a. They were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed beforehand.(事先)
( as在定语从句中作主语，其先行词是this decision)
b. I never heard such stories as he tells.
( as在定语从句中作宾语，先行词是such stories.)
c. The place doesn't look the same as it was before liberation.
( as在定语从句中作表语，先行词是same)
d. Have you bought the same book as I referred to yesterday
( as在定语从句中作宾语，先行词是book)
注意:
先行词中有the same修饰时，定语从句也可用that引导，但意思上有区别，as表示与此同类； that表示就是那一个，同物。
Have you brought the same book that I gave you yesterday
( that在定语从句中作宾语，先行词是book。体会：本句中所指的书是同一本，上句中指的是同一类书，而并不就是那一本。)
Thank You
定语从句(1)
The Attributive Clause
在复合句中修饰名词或代词、作定语的句子叫定语从句。
The woman is a writer. She lives next to me.
---- The woman who lives next to me is a writer.
The woman who lives next to me is a writer.
先行词
定语从句
引导词
关系代词：who, whom, whose, that,which
(what不能引导定语从句)
关系副词：when, where, why
(how不用来引导定语从句)
引导词又称之为关系词，分为以下两种：
Attention:
1. 定语从句前必须有先行词 （作主语、宾语或表语），否则就没有说明或修饰的中心内容。
2. 关系代词和关系副词连接先行词和定语从句，起连接作用，同时在定语从句中担任一定的
句子成分。关系词等于先行词。
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开。
关系代词：
who，which，that作从句的主语
whom，which，that作从句的宾语(可省略)
whose从句中作定语
关系副词：
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语
why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，只修饰reason。
写定语从句的办法:
首先、找出两个句子当中相同的部分，定语从句修饰的就是这一部分。
其次、把句子中相同的那个部分用一个关系词来代替;代替时根据关系代词的使用规则替换。
第三、再把这个关系代词放到要变成定语从句的句子的最前方(被代替的部分去掉)，这个句子就变成了定语从句。然后，再把这个定语从句整个放在被修饰的词后面。
Have you found the key You were looking for the key yesterday.
---- Have you found the key you were looking for yesterday
The dog belongs to the Browns. It ate my fish yesterday.
---- The dog which/that ate my fish yesterday belongs to the Browns。
The lady has gone to the police station. Her car has been stolen.
---- The lady whose car has been stolen has gone to the police station.
I' ve seen the film. His girl friend played the leading role In it.
---- I' ve seen the film {which / that) his girl friend played the leading role in
---- I’ve seen the film in which his girl friend played the leading role.
介词+关系代词
This is the house. I was born and brought up in the house.
---This is the house which/that I was born and brought up in.
---This is the house I was born and brought up in.
---This is the house in which I was born and brought up.
只能用that而不用which的情况：
1.先行词为不定代词all, little, none，any，every，no，much, anything, nothing
2.先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时(包括: the only, the very, the same, the last, the next等)
3.先行词既有人又有物的时候
注意： that指人或物时，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。
a. Is that the parrot (that/which) you are looking for
b. She is the person (who/whom/that)I met at the school gate.
用which而不用that的几种特殊情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句(包括代表整个主句的意思时)
②介词+关系代词的结构中
注意：
whom/which作介词的宾语时，介词一般可放在whom/which之前，也可放在从句原来的位
置上；但是在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上，保持其意义的相对独立与
完整。
a. The room which there is a machine in is a workshop.
=The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.
b. This is the person whom you are looking for. (正确)
This is the person for whom you are looking. (错误)
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
The supermarket which was opened two months ago is now closed down.
两个月前开的那家超市现在已经倒闭了。（限定）
The supermarket, which was opened two months ago, is now closed down.
那家超市现在已经倒闭了，那家超市两个月前开的。（非限定）
The book(which) you’re reading is mine .
你正在读的那本书是我的。（限定）
The book, which you’re reading, is mine.
那本书是我的，你正在读那本书。（非限定）
用who而不能用that的几种特殊情况：
1. 先行词是one, ones, anyone或具有泛指意义的he等时。
a. One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth.
b. I will shoot anyone who moves.
c. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
2. 当先行词是those时。
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. God helps those who help
themselves.
3. 当先行词有较长的后置定语时。
I met a foreigner in the street who wished to visit you.
4. 带有两个定语从句，其中前一个关系代词是that时。
The boy that you met yesterday is the group leader who studies hard.
5. 在there be开头的句子中。
There is an old man who wants to see you.
as引导的定语从句
1．as可以代替整个句子或一件事，引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，意为“正如……，就像……，据……”；从句位置可置于主句之前或之后，有时也可作为插入语置于句中，一般用逗号和主句隔开。
常见于以下这些结构:
as we can see, as can be seen,
as we know, as is（well）known,
as may be imagined, as often happens,
as has been said before, as was mentioned above,
as is often the case, as/indeed it is,
as has been said above, as anybody can see,
......
1. As is well known, great changes have taken place in China.
Or: Great changes, as is well known, have taken place in China.
( as 在定语从句中作主语)
2. This experiment is very simple，as indeed it is.
(as在从句中作表语)
3. Things are not always as they appear.
4. The boy has as much progress as we had expected.
注意：
which在引导非限制性定语从句时，也有和as一样的功能，可以代替整个句子，但which只能用在主句之后。
在as所引导的非限制性定语从句中，如果运用的是被动语态结构，be动词可以省略；但which没有此用法，be动词不可省。
She married him，which was unexpected.
＝She married him as（was）unexpected.
（作主语，代替前面的句子；用which时was不可省。）
a. As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history .
b. The earth , as we know, moves round the sun .
c. Tom works hard and is willing to help others, as we all know.
2. as除了代替整个句子，也可以代替主句中一个特定的词。as在它引导的定语从句（限制
性或非限制性）中可以充当主语，宾语和表语；在这种用法中它经常和such, so, the same
等词搭配使用；且当先行词中有such, so, the same等词修饰时，关系代词通常必须用as。
a. They were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed beforehand.(事先)
( as在定语从句中作主语，其先行词是this decision)
b. I never heard such stories as he tells.
( as在定语从句中作宾语，先行词是such stories.)
c. The place doesn't look the same as it was before liberation.
( as在定语从句中作表语，先行词是same)
d. Have you bought the same book as I referred to yesterday
( as在定语从句中作宾语，先行词是book)
注意:
先行词中有the same修饰时，定语从句也可用that引导，但意思上有区别，as表示与此同类； that表示就是那一个，同物。
Have you brought the same book that I gave you yesterday
( that在定语从句中作宾语，先行词是book。体会：本句中所指的书是同一本，上句中指的是同一类书，而并不就是那一本。)
Thank You