中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
七年级下册 Units 1~6
类别 新课标要求
重点词汇拓展 1.sing(v.)→singer (n.)歌手 2.center(n.)→central (adj.)中心的;中央的 3.sometimes(adv.)→at times (同义短语)有时 4.true(adj.)→truly (adv.)真正;确实→truth (n.)实情;事实 5.noisy(adj.)→noise (n.)声音;噪音→noisily (adv.)吵闹地 6.luck (n.)→lucky (adj.)幸运的→luckily (adv.)幸运地;好运地 7.beautiful (adj.)→beautifully (adv.)美好地;漂亮地→beauty (n.)美;美丽 8.south(n.& adj.)→southern (adj.)南方的 9.sleep(v. & n.)→sleepy (adj.)困倦的;瞌睡的→asleep (adj.)睡着的 wake(v.反义词) 醒来 10.friend(n.)→friendly (adj.)友好的→friendship (n.)友谊;友情 11.danger(n.)→dangerous (adj.)有危险的;不安全的→safe(adj.反义词)安全的 12.child(n.)→children (pl.)儿童 13.visit(v.)→visitor (n.)访问者;游客 14.speak(v.)→spoke(过去式)→spoken(过去分词) 15.write(v.)wrote(过去式)→written(过去分词)→writer(n.)作者 16.teach(v.)→teacher(n.)教师 17.up(adv.)→down(反义词)向下 18.tooth(n.)→teeth(复数)牙齿 19.early(adj.)→earlier(比较级)→earliest(最高级)→late(反义词 adj.)晚的 20.run(v.)→runner(n.)跑步者→running(现在分词)→ran(过去式) 21.new(adj.)→old(adj.反义词)旧的 22.many(adj.)→more(比较级)→most(最高级) 23.leave(v.)→left(过去式) 24.young(adj.)→old(adj.)年老的 25.dirty(adj.)→clean(adj.反义词)干净的 26.cross(v.)→across(adv.&prep.)过;穿过→crossing(n.)十字路口
重点短语 1.be good at=do well in 擅长于 2.talk to 跟……说 3.play the piano 弹钢琴 4.make friends 结交朋友
记忆 5.on the weekend=on weekends (在)周末 6.get dressed 穿上衣服 7.at night 在夜里;在晚上 8. take/have a walk 散步;走一走 9.either... or... 或者……或者……;要么……要么…… 10.get to=arrive in(at) 到达 11.ride a bike=go to... by bike 骑自行车 12.between... and...在……和……之间 e true 实现;成为现实 14.listen to 听…… 15.do/wash the dishes 清洗餐具 16.be strict with 对某人要求严格 17.follow the rules 遵守规则 18.kind of 稍微;有点儿 19.be from=come from 来自…… 20.be made of 由……制成的 21.read a newspaper 看报纸 22.speak English 说英语 23.play chess 下国际象棋 24.tell stories 讲故事 25.swimming club 游泳俱乐部 26.be good with... 善于应付……的 27.talk to 跟……说 28.help (sb.)with sth. 在某方面帮助(某人) 29.make friends 结交朋友 30.get up 起床 31.brush teeth 刷牙 32.take a shower 淋浴 33.eat/have breakfast 吃早饭 34.do one's homework 做作业 35.lots of 大量;许多 36.half past six 六点半 37.take the subway 乘地铁 38.every day 每天 39.drive a car 开车 40.think of 认为 41.be afraid 害怕 42.(be) on time 准时 43.be late for class 上课迟到 44.go out 外出 45.make (one's) bed 铺床 46.get lost 迷路 47.be in great danger 处于极大危险之中 48.cut down 砍倒 49.make soup 做汤 50.go to the movies 看电影 51.eat out 出去吃饭 52.drink tea 喝茶 53.wish to do sth. 希望做某事 54.watch the boat races on TV 在电视上看龙舟赛
重点句型整理 1.—Can you play the guitar 你会弹吉他吗? ——Yes,I can./No,I can't.是的,我会。/不,我不会。 2.—What can you do?你会做什么? —I can dance./I can sing.我会跳舞。/我会唱歌。 —What club do you want to join 你们想参加什么俱乐部? —We want to join the chess club. 我们想参加象棋俱乐部。 4.—What time do you usually get up 你通常几点起床? — I usually get up at six thirty. 我通常在六点半起床。 In the evening,I either watch TV or play computer games. 晚上我要么看电视,要么玩电脑游戏。 6.—How do you get to school?你怎样去上学? —I usually ride my/a bike.我通常骑自行车。 —How long does it take to get to school?到达学校要花多长时间? —It takes about 20 minutes.大约 20 分钟。 —How far is it from your home to school?你家距学校有多远? —It's about ten kilometers.大约 10 千米。 7.To many students,it's easy to get to school.对于许多学生,到学校是很容易的。 8.He's like a father to me.对我来说,他就像父亲一样。 9.Don't run in the hallways. 不要在走廊里跑。 10.—Does he have to wear a uniform at school 在校他必须穿校服吗? —Yes, he does. 是的,他必须穿。 11. We must be on time.我们必须准时。 12.Does she have to be quiet in the library?她不得不在图书馆保持安静吗? 13.There are too many rules!有太多的规定! 14.—What animals do you like?你喜欢什么动物? —I like koalas.我喜欢树袋熊。
—Why do you like them?你为什么喜欢它们? —Because they're kind of cute.因为它们有几分可爱。 —Where are they from?它们来自哪里? —They're from Australia.它们来自澳大利亚。 15.—Where are lions from 狮子来自哪儿? —They're from South Africa. 它们来自南非。 —What are you doing?你在做什么? —I'm watching TV.我正在看电视。 17.They can walk on two legs.它们会用两条腿走路。 18.What time is it?现在几点了? 19.They're talking on the phone.他们正在电话里交谈。 20.Do you want to join me for dinner?你想和我一起吃晚餐吗?
【常考词汇】
1.show
【知识点睛】show 名词,意为“展览”;动词,意为“出示”。show sth.to sb./show sb.sth.
把……展示给某人看。send, give, pass 也可用于这两个结构。
Please show me your new pen.=Please show your new pen to me.
请让我看一看你的新钢笔吧。温馨提示:当 sth.是代词时,
则只能用“show/send/give/pass sth. to sb.”结构。相关短语:
on show=on display 展览 show sb.around...
带领某人参观……
show up 露面;出面
show off 炫耀
What can you do in the school show?在学校表演会上你会做什么?
Please show me your photos you took in E'mei.请把你在峨眉山拍的照片给我看看。
【即时演练】
1)—I want a ticket to Shanghai this afternoon,please.
—OK.Will you please __D__ me your ID card?
A.tell B.serve C.send D.show
2)—Could you please __B__ your ID card ________ me
—Sure.
A.take;to B.show;to C.give;for D.show;for
2.make
【知识点睛】
make 作实义动词讲时,意为“做;制作”,后面可直接接名词或代词作宾语。
make 作使役动词讲时,意为“迫使;促使”,通常构成 make sb.do sth.和 make sb./sth. +adj.结构,这两个结构分别表示“使某人做某事”和“使某人/物处于某种状态”。
温馨提示:make sb.do sth.结构在变被动语态时,要加上动词不定式符号 to,即:sb.be made to do sth.。
Can you make models?你会制作模型吗?
He made the baby cry just now.他刚才把这个婴儿弄哭了。 That made me very happy.那使我很高兴。
【即时演练】1)Li Jun always makes his little sister __C__.
A.crying B.to cry C.cry D.to crying
3.stop
【知识点睛】stop 意为“停止”,常用结构如下:
stop doing sth.停止做(正在做的)某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另外一件事
stop sb.(from) doing sth.=prevent sb.(from) doing sth.=keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.老师进来后学生们停止了谈论。
You look tired,please stop to have a rest.你看起来很累,停下来休息一下吧。
Nothing can stop us (from) reaching our aims.什么也阻止不了我们达到我们的目标。
【即时演练】1)A heavy rain made him stop going (go) hiking in the mountains.He stopped to_have (have) a rest in the small hotel.
2)—I feel tired and sleepy.
—Why not stop __B__ for a while
A.rest B.to rest C.resting D.rested
4.leave
【知识点睛】eave for+地点,动身去某地;前往某地 leave 动词,留下;遗忘;剩下;离开 leave sth.sp.把某物忘在(落在)某地 have sth.left 意为“剩下某物”。温馨提示:leaves 可作 leaf(树叶)的复数形式。
He left (home) for the station a few minutes ago.
几分钟前他(离开家)去车站了
I left my bag under the tree.我把我的包落在树下了。
I have little money left.我几乎没剩下多少钱了。
【归纳拓展】leave 和 forget 都可以表示“忘记”,但用法不同:“leave sth.+地点”表示“把某物落在某地”;forget sth.后不接地点。
I left my computer on the bus. 我把电脑落在公交车上了。
Sorry, I forgot the money. 对不起,我忘带钱了。 leave for sp.表示“前往某地”。
【即时演练】1)—Show me your homework,Dave?
—Sorry,Mrs.Brown.I've __D__ it at home.
A.missed B.forgotten C.lost D.left
2)—May I have a look at your plan for the robot competition, Smith
—Sorry, Mrs. Brown. I've ________ it at home.
missed B.forgotten C.left D.lost
解析:根据“at home”可知用 leave,故选 C。
5.keep
【知识点睛】keep 作及物动词,用于“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,意为“使……保持某种状态”,其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语等充当。
I have to keep my hair short.我必须留短发。
Keep the child away from the fire.让孩子远离火。
How long can I keep the book?这本书我可以借多长时间?
Everyone should keep the rules.大家必须遵守规章制度。
Keep quiet,please.请保持安静。 keep 作及物动词还可意为“保存”,后接时间段时,代替 borrow。
keep 作及物动词,意为“遵守”,相当于 follow。
keep 作连系动词,后接形容词等作表语。
【即时演练】1)Some of the tired students keep their eyes __C__ in breaks.
A.opened B.close C.closed D.open
6.hundred num.一百
【知识点睛】hundred 前加基数词,表示“一百,二百,三百……”,hundred 要用单数形式;hundred 与 of 连用表示“数百”时,hundred 要用复数形式。
It's five hundred kilometers from my hometown to Beijing.从我的家乡到北京有 500 千米远。
There are hundreds of people in the park.公园里有数百人。温馨提示:与 hundred 用法相同的还有 thousand“千”、million“百万”、billion“十亿”。
【即时演练】We planted ________ trees last year.
A.hundreds of B.hundred of C.five hundreds D.five hundred of
解析:考查数词的用法。hundred、thousand、million 等数词与具体数字连用时,用单
数形式,后面不加-s;若与 of 连用表示约数时,后面必须加-s,且不可与数词连用。hundreds of 意为“成百上千的”,故选 A。
7.teach v. 教,讲授
【知识点睛】(1)teach sb. sth.意为“教某人……”。
Miss Smith teaches us English. 史密斯老师教我们英语。
(2)teach oneself =learn…by oneself 自学
I teach myself French.=I learn French by myself. 我自学法语。
【常考句型 易错辨析】
1. Can you play the guitar?你会弹吉他吗?(Unit1)
【知识点睛】 play the guitar 意为“弹吉他”, play 意为“玩;打;弹奏”。当和西洋乐器类名词连用时,名词前必须加定冠词 the。
【归纳拓展】 play 还有“玩;打(球)”之意。当 play 与球类、游戏类名词连用时,名词前不加任何冠词。
play soccer 踢足球
【即时演练】1)The young man in a blue coat is my PE teacher.He often plays __C__ basketball with us.
A.the B.a C./
2.I want to join the art club.我想加入艺术俱乐部。(Unit 1)
【妙辨异同】join、join in/take part in 与 attend
join 加入党派、团体、组织、俱乐部等;join sb.“与某人一起”
join in 意为“加入;参加(某种活动)”,表示“加入某人的某种活动”时,可用 join (sb.) in (doing) sth.。
take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动,重在强调句子的主语 参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。
attend “出席(会议),到场”;只强调人到场,不强调其作用
It's been 5 years since Mr. Liu joined the Party.刘先生入党已经 5 年了。
Will you join us in playing basketball 你愿意和我们一起打篮球吗?
How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games?有多少个国家参加了上届奥运会?
Why didn't you attend the meeting yesterday 你为什么没有参加昨天的会议?
【即时演练】He_____C___ an English club last year and has improved his English a lot. A.protected B.produced C.joined D.received
3.I sometimes play basketball for half an hour. 有时我打半小时的篮球。(Unit 2)
【知识点睛】 sometimes, 副词,意为“有时”,表示频率。类似的频率副词还有 always, usually, often, hardly ever, never 等。
【妙辨异同】 sometimes,some times,sometime 与 some time
sometimes 有时 相当于 at times
sometime 在某时 表示过去或将来的不确定时间
some times 几次/几倍 time 是可数名词,表示“次;倍”
some time 一段时间 time 是不可数名词,意为“时间”
Sometimes she goes for a walk after supper.有时她晚饭后出去散步。
I have been to Qingdao some times.我去过青岛好几次了。
—When will you start?你何时动身?
—Sometime next month.下个月的某个时候。
I'll be away for some time.我要离开一段时间。
In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.
在晚上, 我要么看电视,要么玩电脑游戏。(Unit 2)
【知识点睛】either 用作代词,“(两者之中)任一、任何一个”。
Either (of the books) is popular with the students.(两本书)随便哪一本都受到同学们的欢迎。(主语)
I have bought two cakes. You may have either.我买了两块蛋糕,你要哪块都行。(宾语) either 用作副词,在否定句作“也”解释,通常置于句末。
Lily doesn’t like action movies. I don’t like, either.莉莉不喜欢动作片,我也不喜欢。
either...or...表示“要么……要么……;或者……或者……”,连接句子中两个并列的成分,
表示两者之一。
When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. 当这个女孩高兴时,她要么唱歌要么跳舞。
温馨提示:either... or...连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上
保持一致,即遵循“就近”原则。
Either you or I am going there tomorrow. ,明天要么是你要么是我要去那里。
Either you or he is going there tomorrow.,明天要么是你要么是他要去那里。
either 的反义词为 neither“(两者)都不”,either...or...的反义词组为 neither...nor...“既不……也不……”。
She knows it's not good for her, but it tastes good!
她知道这对她(健康)不利,但它却很好吃。(Unit 2)
【知识点睛】
(1)be good for “对……有益;对……有好处”。反义词组为 be bad for“对……有害;对……有害处”。
It's good for our health to eat more vegetables. 多吃蔬菜对我们的身体健康有好处。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太阳下读书对你的眼睛有害。
(2)taste 表示“吃起来,品尝,有……的味道”,属于感官系动词,之后要跟形容词。
The cake tastes sweet.这蛋糕吃起来真甜。
6.—How does she get to school 她怎么上学?
—She usually takes the bus.她通常乘公共汽车。(Unit 3)
【知识点睛】 take the bus 乘坐公共汽车
表示“乘……”的几种表达方式:
(1)用介词短语来表示交通方式,介词短语在句中作状语。
用“by +(单数)交通工具名词”表示交通方式,交通工具前不用任何修饰词。常和交通工具的单数形式直接连用,by bike 骑自行车 by bus 乘公共汽车
My brother goes to school by bike. 我哥哥骑自行车去上学。
用“by + 交通路线的位置”来表示交通方式。
by water 由水路 by land 从陆路 by sea 从海路 by air 乘飞机
当交通工具前有限定词时,介词可用“on”,也可用“in”,即:“in/on + 冠词/形容词性物主代词/指示代词 + 交通工具名词”表,示交通方式。其中,in 多用在 car 等交通工具之前,而 on 多用在 bike/horse/bus/train/ship 等交通工具之前,它们的用法与“by+交通工具名词”的用法相同。
She often goes to school on a/her bike.=She often goes to school by bike. 她经常骑自行车上学。
温馨提示:on 还有一种特殊情况,表示“步行”,除了可以用动词 walk 之外,还可以用介词短语 on foot。on foot“步行”,其中 foot 不能用复数形式 feet,其前也不加任何修饰词。
(2)用动词短语表示交通方式,动词短语在句中作谓语。
用“take/ride/drive+ a/the/形容词性物主代词 + 交通工具名词”表示交通方式。
take a train 乘火车 take a bus 乘公共汽车 take a ship 乘船 take a plane 乘飞机温馨提示:“骑自行车”要翻译为“ride a bike”。
Dale rides a/his bike to work. =Dale goes to work by bike.=Dale goes to work on his bike.戴尔骑自行车上班。
用某些动词来表示交通方式。
walk to 步行去 drive to 开车去 ride to 骑车/马去温馨提示:如果接地点副词 here, there, home 时,介词 to 应该省略。
【归纳拓展】“walk to+地点名词”与“go to+地点名词+on foot”同义,意为“步行去某地”。
Katrina often goes to school on foot.=Katrina often walks to school. 卡特里娜经常步行去学校。
【即时演练】—Does your father go to work ___A__car or ______ foot
—Neither. He often goes to work by bus.
A.by; on B.by; by C.on; by D.on; on
7.How long does it take to get to school 到达学校要用多长时间?(Unit 3)
【知识点睛】 take 在此意为“花费(时间)”。 本句型的答语为 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. 意为“做某事花费(某人)多长时间”, 还可用“sb. spends+时间段+(in) doing sth.”表示。本句型中 it 为形式主语,后面的动词不定式是句子的真正主语。当对 some time 画线部分提问时,用句型 How long does it take (sb.) to do sth.
It takes (me) about half an hour to get there by bike. 骑自行车到达那儿花费(我)约半小时的时间。
How long does it take (you) to get to school on foot every day 每天步行上学花费(你)多长时间?
【即时演练】It only ____D__ me half an hour_____ to school every day last term. [2014·白银]
A.takes; riding B.spent; to ride C.cost; walk D.took; to walk
【妙辨异同】 spend, pay, cost 与 take
单 词 主语 常用结构
spend(spent,spent) sb. (1)spend time/money on... 在……上花费时间/金钱 (2)spend time/money (in) doing sth.某人花钱/时间做某事
pay(paid,paid) sb. (1)pay for 付款;赔偿 (2)pay sb. (money) for...为……付给某人钱
cost(cost,cost) sth. sth. cost sb.+money 某物花了某人……钱
take(took,taken) it It takes/took sb. time/money to do sth.某人花时间/金钱做某事
我花了 10 元钱买了这本典。
I spent 10 yuan on the dictionary.
=I spent 10 yuan (in) buying the dictionary.
=I paid 10 yuan for the dictionary.
=The dictionary cost me 10 yuan.
=It took me 10 yuan to buy the dictionary.
【即时演练】1)Tom __paid__ for the meal just now.
2)How much do the shoes __cost__?
3)I __spent__ an hour on this math problem this morning.
4)It usually __takes__ me two hours to do my homework every day.
8.OK, so we must be on time. 对的,我们必须守时。(Unit 4)
【知识点睛】 (1)must 作为情态动词, 表示“必须” “务必”, 有时还表示“一定”,起到加强语气的作用。
We must arrive on time. 我们必须按时到达。
【妙辨异同】 must 与 have to
异同点 must have to
同 “必须”,后接动词原形
异 表示有责任或义务“必须”做某事。 一般疑问句将 must 提至主语前,否定回答应用 needn't 或 don't/doesn't have to。 mustn‘t 表示“禁止;不可以”。 must 可表示确切判断“一定”,反义词为 can't“不可能”。 表示受客观条件限制而“不得不”做某事。 否定句或疑问句借助于助动词 do/does/ did。 有人称、数和时态的变化(has to/had to)。 not have to=needn't
Your brother has to finish the work by himself,but he doesn't have to (needn't) be in a hurry. 你弟弟必须独立完成这份工作,但不必着急。
Students must listen to teachers in class.学生上课时必须听老师讲课。
(2)on time 是固定介词词组, 表示“按时,准时”。
Planes and trains don't always arrive on time. 火车、飞机并不总是准时到达。
9.Because they're kind of interesting.因为它们有点有趣。(Unit 5)
【知识点睛】 kind of 和 a little 意思相近,意为“有点儿;稍微”,多用于口语,用来表示程度,修饰形容词或动词。
She is kind of shy.她有点害羞。
【归纳拓展】 (1)kind 可作形容词,意为“体贴的;慈祥的;友好的;宽容的”。可用于句型 It's kind of sb.to do sth.意为“某人做某事真是太好了。” My grandma is very kind. 我的祖母非常慈祥。
It's kind of you to help us.你帮助我们真是太好了。
(2)kind 可作名词,意为“种类;类型”,常用的短语有:
a kind of 一种;一类 different kinds of 不同种类的 all kinds of 各种各样的 a kind of moon cake 一种月饼
There are many different kinds of animals on this island.这个岛上有许多不同种类的动物。
There are all kinds of vegetables in the store.这家商店有各种各样的蔬菜。
【即时演练】
1)—Do you know that there are many different __A__ animals in the zoo
—Yes,I do.And I also know that some of them are ________ scaring.
A.kinds of;kind of B.kinds of;kinds of C.kind of;kinds of D.kind of;kind of
【妙辨异同】kind of/a kind of/all kinds of
(1)kind of 表示“有点儿,有几分,稍微”,后面接形容词。
I'm kind of hungry. 我有点儿饿了。
(2)a kind of 表示“(某类中的)一种”,作定语,后面接名词。 a kind of animal 一种动物 a kind of car 一种小汽车
(3)all kinds of 表示“各种各样的”,后面接名词复数,“all kinds of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
10.Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost. 大象能够长时间地行走而且从不迷路。 (Unit 5)
【知识点睛】lost 作形容词,表示“走失的,迷路的;丢失的;遗失的”, 常与系动词 get 或 be 一同构成短语,表示“丢失,走失,迷路”。
I got lost on my way here and had to ask the police for help. 我来这儿的路上迷了路,不得不找警察帮忙。
lost 还可置于名词前,作定语修饰名词。
He is a lost child. 他是一个走丢的孩子。
11.They can also remember places with food and water. 它们也能记住有水和食物的地方。(Unit 5)
【知识点睛】 (1) remember v. 意为“记住”,常用结构为:remember to do sth.记得去做某事(事情还没做);remember doing sth.记得做过某事 (事情已做)。
【归纳拓展】 反义词 forget v. 意为“忘记”, 用法与 remember 类似,即:forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 (事情还没做);forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已做,但是忘了)。
Don't forget to close the window when you leave. 当你离开时不要忘了关上窗户。(窗户还没关)
I forgot closing the door. 我忘记关上门了。 (门已关)
【即时演练】1)Please remember __D__ your notebook here tomorrow.
A.brings B.brought C.bringing D.to bring
(2)with 作介词,常见用法有:
意为“带有;具有”,其后接一个名词构成介词短语,修饰前面的名词。
The girl with long hair is my classmate. 那个留长头发的女孩是我同学。
意为“和……在一起;同;和”。
She goes shopping with her sister. 她和她妹妹一起去购物。
12.But elephants are in great danger. 但是大象面临巨大的危险。(Unit 5)
【知识点睛】danger 是一个名词,意为“危险”,常用短语 in danger 意为“面临危险”,可以作定语和表语。
The girl in danger is very smart. 处于危险中的那个女孩很聪明。
danger 前可用 great, big 修饰,表示“巨大的”。 be in great danger 意为“处于极大的危
险之中”。
Tigers are in great danger. 老虎面临巨大的危险。
【归纳拓展】 danger 的形容词是 dangerous,意为“有危险的,不安全的”。endangered 形容词,意为“濒危的”。 out of danger 意为“脱离危险”。
The doctors say he is out of danger. 医生们说他脱离了危险。
13.Hello This is Jenny. 你好?我是珍妮。(Unit 6)
【知识点睛】 This is... “我是……”,为电话用语。英语中常用的电话用语:(1)Hello!意思是“喂”。听到电话铃响,外国人习惯拿起话筒,
先向对方说 Hello!并告诉对方自己的电话号码。
(2)This is...意思是“我是……”。在打电话时,介绍自己一般不用 I am...,而用 This is...。
(3)Is that...?意为“你是……吗”。在打电话时,询问对方是谁时不用 Are you... 而用
Is that...?或者 Who's that
14....so it's like any other night for Zhu Hui and his host family. 所以对朱辉和他的房
东家人来说,今晚和平时的晚上是一样的。(Unit 6)
【知识点睛】any other night “任何(一个)其他的夜晚”,any other 后跟可数名词的单数形式,表示“任何其他的……,任何别的……”。
He is taller than any other student in his class. 他比他班里任何一个其他的学生都高。
15.—Why do you like pandas?你为什么喜欢熊猫? —Because they're very cute.因为他们很可爱。
【知识点睛】why 疑问副词,意为“为什么”,相当于 what...for,用来询问事情发生的原因,以 why 引导的特殊疑问句常用 because 来回答。
—Why do you like English?你为什么喜欢英语? —Because it's interesting.因为它很有趣。
【即时演练】1)—__A__ is the street crowded with so many people? —Because they are waiting to watch the boat races.
A.Why B.Where C.How D.Who
2)—________ do millions of users visit the home page of the government —To read the news and search for the information they need.(2013,上海)
A.When B.Where C.Why D.What 解析:本题考查疑问词的用法。由答语“为了阅读新闻和搜索他们需要的信息”,可知问句是在询问“原因”,故选 C。
16. Parents and schools are sometimes strict,but remember,they make rules to help
us.父母和学校有时是严格的,但是记住,他们制订规则是为了帮助我们。
【知识点睛】strict 形容词,意为“严格的;严厉的”,在句中常用作表语、定语。常用短语:be strict with sb.对某人要求严格;be strict in sth.对某事要求严格。
She is a strict teacher.她是一个严格的老师。
My parents are strict with me.我父母对我要求很严格。
Our teacher is strict in his work.我们的老师对他的工作要求严格。
【即时演练】1)—What's your teacher like
—She is always strict ____ us.
in B.with C.to D.for
解析:be strict with sb.“对某人要求严格”,是固定短语。故选 B。
17. What is he doing?他正在做什么?
【知识点睛】这是现在进行时的特殊疑问句。其结构为:疑问词+be+动词-ing+其他?其答语用现在进行时回答。现在进行时结构:助动词 be(is/am/are)+v.-ing。一般疑问句则把 be 动词提前,否定句则在 be 动词后加 not。温馨提示:表位移的动词(come/go/arrive/leave 等)可以用现在进行时表将来。
My mother is washing clothes.我的妈妈正在洗衣服。
I am going to Beijing.我将去北京。
【即时演练】—Sam,come downstairs,please.I need your help.
—Sorry,Mum.I________on the phone.
A.am talking B.talked C.was talking D.have talked
解析:考查现在进行时的用法。答语句意为“对不起,妈妈。我正在打电话”,因此要
用现在进行时。故选 A。
18.You are very good at telling stories. 你很擅长讲故事。(Unit 1 P2)
【知识点睛】be good at 的用法
be good at 意思为“在(某方面)出色;擅长……”,同义词组为 do well in。主语通常为有生命的人或物,后可接名词、代词、动名词形式。如:He is good at playing chess. 他擅长下象棋。
be good at 的反义词组为:be poor (weak) at (in), do well in 的反义词组为:do badly in。如:
Wu Dong does badly in his lessons.=Wu Dong is weak in/poor at his lessons.吴冬功课不好。(指情况) be good at 强调一种笼统情况,而 do well in 可表示一种情况,也可指在具体的一次
活动中表现出色。
Tom did well in that history test/sports meeting. 汤姆在那次历史考试中(运动会中)考得很好(表现出色)。(不宜用 be good at 指具体一次)
【归纳拓展】 good 的相关短语
be good for 对……有好处,反义词组为 be bad for。
Eating too much is not good for your health.吃太多对你的健康没有好处。
be good with 善于应付……的,对……有办法。与 get on well with 同义, 表示“与……
相处融洽”。
Mr. Smith is good with his neighbors. 史密斯先生和他的邻居们相处得很融洽。
be good to 对……友好 。与 be kind/friendly to 同义。
The old man is very good to the students.那位老人对学生们很和善。
be no good 没多大用处 do good/ do sb good 有好处,对(某人)有好处
【即时演练】少开车对环境有好处。To drive less is __good for_ the environment.
19.What time do they get dressed 他们几点穿衣服?( Unit 2 P9)
【知识点睛】put on,wear,dress,be in
wear 可用于穿衣、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首饰等,强调状态。 put on 表示穿的动作,其反义词组是 take off。
“be in+表示颜色或衣服的词”,强调“穿着;戴着”的状态。后接衣服或颜色,由它构成的短语只能作表语或定语。
dress 既可以表示动作,也可以表示状态。不跟表示衣服的名词作宾语。表示动作时常用短语:dress sb.给某人穿衣服;dress oneself (get dressed)自己穿衣服。表示状态时常用 be dressed in。
I don't wear glasses.我不戴眼镜。
He put on his coat and went out.他穿上外套出去了。
The girl in red is my sister.穿红衣服的女孩是我妹妹。
The little girl can dress herself.这个小女孩可以自己穿衣服了。
He is putting on his clothes. He is wearing grey.
【归纳拓展】dress 的相关词组
dress in 穿着……衣服
dress oneself /sb. in sth.给自己或某人穿衣
dress up 打扮,穿上盛装
dress sb. up 打扮某人
dress sb. up as 把某人装扮成……
be dressed in red 穿着红色衣服(表状态)
dress fashionably 穿着时髦
【即时演练】
1)Jenny,put_on your sweater,or you will catch a cold.
2)He is a boy of four.He can't dress himself.
3)The girl often wears a white skirt.
4)Do you know the woman in red
5)She often wears a pair of glasses.
6)She hurriedly________ the child and took him downstairs.
A.put on B.wore C.dressed D.had on
解析:dress 表示动作,dress sb. 意为“给某人穿衣服”。选 C。
We must save the trees and not buy things made of ivory.
我们必须拯救树木,拒绝购买象牙制品。(Unit 5 P29)
【知识点睛】辨析 be made from 与 be made of
1、意思不同
1.be made of意思:…制的
2.be made from意思:由…制成的
2、用法不同
(1)be made of用法:基本意思是“做,制造”,即“使甲物变为乙物”“使某物变为某种状态”。作及物动词时,意思是“制作,做成”“产生,引起”“成为,构成”“获得,赢得,赚得”“走(到),以(某种速度)行进,赶上”“吃”“说明,讲述”。可接名词、代词作宾语。
(2)be made from用法:作不及物动词时,意思是“开始,试图”“行进,趋向”“被做成,被制成”“增长起来”。主动形式常含有被动意义。
3、侧重点不同
(1)be made of意思:be made of表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料是什么,保留原材料的质和形状,制作过程仅发生物理变化。
(2)be made from侧重点:be made from表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征,或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化,在成品中已无法辨认。
The paper is made from wood.纸张是由木头制成的。
The c For many students, it is easy to get to school.
21. For many students, it is easy to get to school. 对许多学生来说,到校很容易。
【知识点睛】句型 “It's+adj.+(for/of sb.)+to do sth.” 意为“做某事(对某人而言) 是……的”,it 是形式主语,后面的动词不定式为真正的主语。hair is made of wood.这把椅子是由木头制成的。
该句型中,若形容词(如 easy,important,necessary 等)是对动作进行评价,则其后用
介词 for;若该形容词(如 kind,friendly 等)是用来描述人的性格或品质,则其后用介词 of。
It was generous of you to contribute so much money.你很大方,捐出这么多钱。
It's difficult for us to climb up the tree.对我们来说,爬上那棵树是很困难的。
22 We must save the trees and not buy things made of ivory. 我们必须保护树木,不
买象牙制品。
【知识点睛】句中的“made of ivory”是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词 things。分词短语作名词的定语时,必须放在所修饰的名词之后;单个分词作名词的定语时,常置于名词的前面。
The man sitting_under_the_big_tree is a retired worker. 坐在大树下的那人是一位退休工人。(单个分词 retired 作前置定语,修饰 worker;分词短语 sitting under the big tree 作后置定语,修饰 man )
23.tell,speak,say,talk
【知识点睛】tell 意为“告诉;讲述”,常用于 tell sb.sth.或 tell sth.to sb.结构,表示“告诉某人某事”;tell sb. (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不要)做某事;tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事。此外 tell 还常构成短语 tell stories/jokes,意为“讲故事/笑话”。 speak 意为“讲;说”,侧重于开口说话,后面常接表示“语言”的名词或代词。 say 意为“说”,用作及物动词,侧重说话的内容,后面通常接所说的话。
I didn't tell him about it yesterday.昨天我没有告诉他这件事。
He can speak Chinese.他会讲汉语。
“Happy birthday!”She said to me.“生日快乐!”她对我说。
I'm busy now.Don't talk to me.我现在很忙。不要和我说话。 talk 意为“谈话;谈论”, 指连续不断地讲话,侧重两者之间相互说话,常与介词连用。 talk to/with sb.表示“与某人交谈”。talk about sb./sth.表示“谈论某人/物”。
【即时演练】选词填空。(注意形式)
say,speak,talk,tell
Kate saw a card on her table,it said,“Happy birthday!”
2)Please speak more slowly.I can't hear you clearly.
3)He often tells the children not to play in the street.
4)When I got home,my father was_talking with his friend.
24.arrive,reach,get to
【知识点睛】arrive,get to 和 reach 都表示“到达”,但应注意其异同。 arrive 是不及物动词,后加介词 in 接较大的地方,后加介词 at 接较小的地方。 reach 是及物动词,后可直接接地点。
get 是不及物动词,其后接介词 to 之后才能和表示地点的名词连用。温馨提示:当 arrive,get 后接地点副词 home,there,here 时,不接任何介词。
We arrived in Beijing this morning.我们今天早上到达了北京。
They arrived at the small village last night.他们昨晚到达了这个小村庄。
Lisa reached her home very late last night.莉萨昨天晚上很晚才到家。
What time do you get to school every morning?你每天早上几点到校?
We arrived/got/reached here last night.我们是昨晚到达这里的。
【即时演练】1) I arrived_in Leshan last Sunday.(2012,黔东南)
A.reach B.reached to C.got D.got to
解析:根据时间状语可排除 A;reach 后可直接接宾语,排除 B;get 接宾语时要带介
词 to,排除 C。故选 D。
—I wonder when you __B__ in New York.
—I will send an email to you as soon as I ________ there.
A.arrive;will get B.will arrive;get C.will arrive;will get D.arrive;arrive
当那几个德国人到达机场时,雨正下得很大。
It was raining heavily when the Germans arrived at the airport.
25.other,the other,others,the others,another
【知识点睛】other 可作形容词或代词,作形容词时意为“别的;其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”,修饰单、复数名词。
the other 意为“另一个”,常用于两个人或物中的另一个。常用结构为 one...the other...,意为“一个……,另一个……”,它和复数名词连用指“其他的……”。
others 是 other 的复数形式,others=other+名词,泛指“其余的(人或东西)”,但并非全部,
表示除去一部分以后的另一些,但不是剩下的全体,有列举未尽的意味在内。用作代词,在句中作主语或宾语。常用结构为 some...others...,意为“一些……,另一些……”。 the others 意为“其他东西;其余的人”,特指某一范围内的“其他的(所有人或物)”,指
全体中除去一部分后剩余的全部,相当于 the rest,是 the other 的复数形式。 another 既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于出现三个或者更多的人或物时,泛指同
类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。表格辨析:
表示两件东西或两个中“一个……另个……”
表示一定范围内“其余所有的”时,相当于 the other+名词复数
表示许多人或物中的“一部分”和“另一部分,并非全部”
表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另一个”
Do you have other questions?你还有其他问题吗?
I have two pens.One is red,the other is black.我有两支钢笔,一支是红色的,另一支是黑色的。
Some are dancing,others are singing.一些人在跳舞,另一些人在唱歌。
There are forty students in our class.Twenty-eight of us are boys,the others are girls.我们班有 40 名同学。28 名是男孩,其余的是女孩。
I don't like this one.Please show me another.我不喜欢这一个。请让我看看另一个。
Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class.汤姆比他班上的其他任何一个男孩跑得都快。
温馨提示:any other 意为“其他任何一个;任何其他的……”,是指在同一范围内除了
某人或某物外的其他人或事物,其后接单数名词。
another+基数词+复数可数名词=基数词+more+复数可数名词
I need another two tickets.=I need two more tickets. 我还需要两张票。
【即时演练】1)My family has two dogs.One is white,__C__ is black.
A.other B.another C.the other D.others
2)—Could we see each other at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning
—Sorry,let's make it ____ time.
A.other's B.the other C.another D.other
解析:句意:—明天上午 9 点我们能彼此见面吗?—对不起,让我们定另一个时间吧。表示“另一个”用 another。故选 C。
3)—Shall we meet at 8 o'clock next Sunday morning
—I won't be free then. Let's make it ___B_____ day.
A.other B.another C.the other D.others
26.either...or...,neither...nor...,both...and...,not only...but also...
【知识点睛】
either...or...意为“或者……或者……;要么……要么……”,连接并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”,连接并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
both...and...意为“……与……两者都”,连接并列的句子成分。当连接主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”,连接并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
Either you or your brother plays computer games.要么你要么你的弟弟玩电脑游戏。
I have neither brothers nor sisters.我既没有兄弟也没有姐妹。
Both Tom and Jim are good at drawing.汤姆和吉姆两个人都擅长画画。
The girl is not only pretty but (also) clever.这个女孩不但漂亮,而且很聪明。
【即时演练】1)—Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai —I may live __B__ in a hotel ________ in a friend's house.
A.both;and B.either;or C.neither;nor D.not only;but also 2)—Neither Tony nor I __A__ interested in playing Weibo.
—You are out.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
1.Lisa________ a white uniform. Lily is________ white, too.
A.wears; in B.wears; wear C.in; in D.dresses; wearing 2.—Who teaches ________ painting
—Nobody, I teach ________.
A.your; mine B.your; my C.you; myself D.you; me
3.The little girl is sitting ________ her parents.
A.between B.from C.among D.of
4.They walked ________ the forest, and got to another town at last.
A.through B.across C.cross D.to
5.I usually go to work ________ bike, but today I'm going to work ________ a bus.
A.by; by B.in; in C.by; on D.in; by 6.He taught _________ English 10 years ago. We all loved him.
A. we B. our C. us D. ours
7.As soon as he________ the movie theater, I will give him the ticket.
A.arrives B.reach C.Arrive at D.gets to 8.If you can be good ________ the children and good ______ English, welcome you to be a volunteer.
A. with; for B. with; at C. at; for D. at; with
9.He is too young to________ himself, so his mother helps him very much.
A.wear B.dress C.put on D.in
10.It ________ Mr Green an hour to fix up his bicycles yesterday.
A. cost B. paid C. spent D. took
11.Mr.Smith is popular with the students ____ he always makes his class interesting.(2014,金华、义乌) A.until B.while C.because D.although
12.Don't forget ____ thanks when other people help you.(2014,河北)
A.accept B.to accept C.say D.to say
13.Hate cannot drive out hate;only love ____ do that—Martin Luther King,Jr.(2014,成都) A.can B.must C.should D.need
14.—Tim,how do your parents like pop music
—____ my dad ________ my mom likes it.They both prefer classical music.(2014,福州) A.Either;or B.Neither;nor
C.Not only;but also D.Both;and
15.When you leave,please turn off the light ____ energy.(2014,天津)
A.save B.saving C.saved D.to save
16.Could you please ____ us a history story?(2013,永州)
A.speak B.tell C.say D.talk
17.—When will the plane ____ Shanghai
—Sorry,I don't know.(2013,广安)
A.get B.arrive at C.reach D.arrive
18.The students in this school are made ____ school uniforms on Monday.(2014,内江)
A.to wear B.wearing C.wear D.worn 19.—Would you like to have ____ cake
—No,thanks.I've had two.That's enough.(2014,连云港) A.other B.others C.another D.the other
参考答案:1-5ACAAC 6-10DDBBD 11-15CDABD 16-19BCAC
解析:1. 表示“穿着”的状态用 wear,表示“穿……颜色的衣服”用“in+颜色词”。
“teach sb. sth.”意为“教某人某事”。teach oneself 意为“自学”,相当于“learn…by oneself”。
在父母(两个人)之间用介词 between。
4.“穿过”森林用 through。
5. by bike 意为“骑自行车”;on a bus 意为“乘坐公共汽车”。
11.本题考查连词的用法。until 表示“直到……才”;while 表示“当……时候”;because 表示“因为”, although 表示“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。句意“史密斯很受学生欢迎,因为他总是把他的课堂搞得很有趣”。故选 C。
12.本题考查 forget 的用法。forget 后面可跟不定式或动名词,forget to do sth.表示“忘记要做某事”; forget doing sth.表示“忘记做过某事”,故可排除 A、C 项。句意为“当别人帮助你时,不要忘记说谢谢。” 故应选 D 项。
13.本题考查情态动词的用法。句意为“仇恨不能消除仇恨,只有爱才能化解仇恨”,由此可知 can 符合题意。
14.本题考查 neither...nor...的用法。结合答语中的“他们两个都更喜欢古典音乐”可知,我的爸爸和妈妈都不喜欢流行音乐。故 neither...nor...符合题意。
15.本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为“当你离开时,请关灯以便节省能源”。动词不定式在此作状语,表目的。
16.本题考查动词的区别。speak 作不及物动词讲时,通常指说话的能力和方式,也有“演讲、发言” 之意。后面若有宾语时,要接介词 to;tell 作及物动词,意为“讲述,告诉”;say 一般用作及物动词,多指用言语表达自己的思想,强调说话的内容;talk 强调与他人交谈,一般用作不及物动词,常与 with/to/about 连用。句意“请您给我们讲一个历史故事好吗?”故选 B。
17.本题考查动词辨析。get 作不及物动词,接宾语时,后接介词 to;arrive 作不及物动词,接宾语时要加介词 at/in,一般 arrive at 指到达小地点;reach 作及物动词,可以直接接宾语。故选 C。
18.本题考查被动语态。make 用作被动语态的时候要用 be made to do 的形式。
19.本题考查不定代词的用法。the other 用于指限定范围的两者中的另一者,常与 one 连用;another 表示“另一个,又一个”;other 指“另一些;其他的”,修饰或指代没有范围限制的可数名词,其复数形式为 others。由句意“你想再要一个蛋糕吗?不,谢谢。我已经吃了两个,那就够了。”故选 C。
通知的写作
通知是上级对下级、单位对职工安排工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文,运用非常广泛。通知一般可分为口头通知和书面通知两种。书面通知又有两种:一种是布告式通知,即以布告的形式把事情通知给有关人员;另一种是书信式通知,即以书信的形式把事情传达给有关人员。布告式通知以布告形式贴出,通常不用称呼,直接告知有关事宜;书信式通知以书信的形式发送,
要求有明确的递送对象,要写明通知的具体内容。通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。一、通知的内容一般可分为五个部分:
1.标题:通知的正上方通常要有一个标题。口头通知常用 Announcement,书面通知多用 Notice 或 NOTICE。
2.呼语:通知往往要有呼语,如:Boys and girls,Ladies and gentlemen,Dear friends,Comrades, Dear Mr.Zhang 等。
3.正文:通知正文所使用的语言应尽量简明扼要。口头通知开始往往要加上“Attention,please.”
或“Be quiet,please.”,其后可以加上“I have an announcement to make.”,结束时可加上“That's all.”,“Thank you!”之类的客套话。对举行活动的口头或书面通知,常用“Sth.will/is going to be held+地点+时间”或
“There will/is going to be+sth.+地点+时间”结构。结束语前常用“Please attend it on time.”,或“Don't be late,please.”之类的句子。
4.日期:口头通知因是现场发布,不需要日期,但书面通知要写日期。布告通知的日期一般写在最后一行,即右下角,要低于落款;书信式通知的日期可写在右上角。
5.落款:口头通知通常不用落款;书面通知要落款,写出发出通知的人或单位名称。落款一般写在通知的右下角。通知的写作思路:审题,列提纲,找要点,定句型,确定时态(通知一般使用一般将来时和一般现
在时),连句成文。二、写作典例。
(一)学校定于 6 月 28 日 14 点 30 分在学校操场召开全校学生大会,大会内容为远离毒品(drug),珍爱生命,要求按时参加。请你于 6 月 27 日以学生会(the Students' Union)的名义用英语写一则通知,词数不少于 30 词。
【范文欣赏】
Notice
Boys and girls,
May I have your attention,please
I'm very glad to tell you a good thing.We will have a student meeting on the school playground.It is at 14: 30 on June 28th.The meeting is about how to stay away from drugs and cherish your lives. Please don't be late.
That's all,thank you.
June 27th
The Students' Union
(二)“植树节”(Tree Planting Day)到了,你校学生会要组织全体学生参加植树活动。下面是有关活动的具体安排。
活动时间:本周五(3 月 12 日) 活动地点:学校后面的空地集合时间与地点:早上七点三十分,学校操场要求:全体参加,每班带七至八个脸盆(basin),浇树用。请根据以上内容,以学生会的名义于 3 月 10 日写一则书面通知。
【范文欣赏】
Notice
Boys and girls,
This Friday is Tree Planting Day.We're going to have a treeplanting activity in the yard behind our school.All the students are required to take part in this activity.Each class needs to take seven to eight basins to water the trees.We're going to meet on the playground at 7:30 on the morning of March 12th. Please don't be late. March 10th
The Student Union