人教新目标英语七年级下Units 7～12知识点整理学案

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
七年级下Units 7～12
类别 新课标要求
重点词汇拓展 1.sun (n.)→sunny(adj.)晴朗的→ sunshine (n.)阳光 2.hot (adj.) → hotter (比较级)→ hottest (最高级) hot (adj.) →cold(反义词 adj.)寒冷的；冷的 3.crossing (n.)→across(prep.)过；穿过→cross(v.)横过；越过 4.enjoy(v.)→enjoyable(adj.)令人愉快的 5.height (n.)→high(adj.)高的 6.differently (adv.)→different(adj.)不同的→difference(n.)差别；差异 7.potato(n.)→potatoes(pl.)土豆；马铃薯 8.expensive(adj.)→dear(同义词 adj.)贵的→cheap(反义词 adj.)廉价的；便宜的 9.interested (adj.)→interest(v.)使感兴趣 10.nature(n.)→natural(adj.)自然的 11．windy(adj.)→ wind (n.)风 12．cloudy(adj.)→ cloud (n.)云 13．cook(v.)→ cook (n.)厨师→ cooker (n.)厨具 14．bad(adj.)→ worse (比较级)→ worst (最高级) 15．heavy(adj.)→ light (adj.反义词)轻的 16．thin(adj.)→ thinner (比较级)→ thinnest (最高级) 17．put(v.)→ put (过去式)→ put (过去分词) 18．feed(v.)→ fed (过去式)→ fed (过去分词) 19．grow(v.)→ grew (过去式)→ grown (过去分词) 20．farm(n.)农场→ farmer (n.)农民 21．worry(v.&n.)→ worried (adj.)担忧的 22．exciting(adj.)→ excited (adj.)感到兴奋的 23．slow(adj.)→ slowly (adv.)慢地→ fast (adj.反义词)快的；迅速的 24．mouse(n.)→ mice (复数) 25．sheep(n.)→ sheep (复数) 26．visitor(n.)→ visit (v.)参观；访问 27．surprise(n.&v.)→ surprising (adj.)令人吃惊的→ surprised (adj.)感到惊讶的 28．wake(v.)→ awake (adj.)醒着的→ sleep (v.反义词)睡觉→ asleep (adj.反义词) 睡着的
重 点 短 语 记 忆 1.take a message 捎个口信；传话 2.on a vacation 度假 3.across from 在……的对面 4.in front of 在……前面 5.turn left 向左转 6.look like 看起来像 7.go shopping 购物 8.medium build 中等身材 9.in the end 最后 10.take one's order 点菜 11.around the world 世界各地 12.go for a walk 去散步 13.be interested in 对……感兴趣 14.stay up late 熬夜；深夜不睡 15.wake...up 把……弄醒 16． call sb.back (给某人)回电话 17． next to 紧靠……的旁边 18． between ．.. and ．.. 在……和……中间 19． go along (the street) 沿着(这条街)走 20． spend time 花时间 21． enjoy reading 喜欢阅读 22． watch sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 23． a little 一点；少量 24． wear glasses 戴眼镜 25． in the newspaper 在报纸上 26．the same way 同样的方法 27． first of all 首先 28． would like 愿意；想要 29．one bowl of...一碗…… 30． make a wish 许愿 31．blow out 吹灭 32． get popular 受欢迎；流行 33． cut up 切碎 34． bring good luck to... 给……带来好运 35． milk a cow 给奶牛挤奶 36． ride a horse 骑马
重 点 短 语 记 忆 37． feed chickens 喂鸡 38．quite a lot (of...) 许多 39．in the countryside 在乡下 40．be interested in 对……感兴趣 41． climb mountain 爬山 42． pick strawberries 摘草莓 43． all in all 总的来说 44．camp by the lake 在湖边扎营 45． go to the beach 去海滩 46． run away 跑开 47． shout at ．.. 冲……大声叫嚷 48． fly a kite 放风筝 49． put up 挂起；举起 50． get a surprise 吃惊 51． shout to ．.. 对……大声喊叫 52． up and down 上上下下；起伏 53． make a fire 生火 54． study for a test 为考试学习
重点句型整理 How's the weather in Shanghai？/ What's the weather like in Shanghai？ 上海天气怎么样？ —It's sunny. 天气晴朗。 2.—Is there a post office near here 附近有邮局吗？ —Yes，there is ．/No，there isn't ．是的，有。/不，没有。 3.—What do they look like？他们长得什么样？ —They're of medium build.他们中等身材。 4.—What kind of noodles would you like？你想要哪种面条？ —I'd like beef noodles, please. 请给我牛肉面。 5.How was your school trip？你的学校旅行过得怎么样？ —It was great！好极了！ What did you do last weekend？你上周末做什么了？ —Where did she go last weekend？上周末她去哪儿了？ —She went to a farm. 她去农场了。 9.How's it going ？近来可好？ 10.I'm having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada. 我正在加拿大拜访我的阿姨，我很开心。 I want to call you but my phone isn't working，so I'm writing to you. 我想给你打电话，但是我的电话坏了，所以我正在给你写信。 12.Turn right at the first crossing.在第一个十字路口向右转。 13.Is he tall or short？他长得高还是矮？ 14.He has brown hair and wears glasses.他的头发是棕色的，戴着眼镜。 15.What size would you like？你们要多大碗的？ 16.I don't like the trip at all ．我一点也不喜欢这次旅行。 17.I worked as a guide at the Natural History Museum.我在自然历史博物馆当导游。 18.I was so tired that I went to sleep early.我太累了，所以早早就睡着了。
【常考词汇】
1.enjoy v．享受;喜爱
【知识点睛】 enjoy 作及物动词，意为“喜欢；享受……的乐趣”。
enjoy sth.喜欢某物；enjoy doing sth.喜欢干某事
[拓展] enjoy oneself 意为“玩得开心”，其同义短语有 have a good time 和 have fun。
The children enjoy playing football.孩子们喜欢踢足球。
We enjoyed the film very much.我们非常喜欢那部电影。
They enjoyed themselves at the party last weekend.上周末他们在聚会上玩得很开心。
【即时演练】My old neighbor Charles enjoys ___C_____ photos. He always goes out with his camera.
A．take B．to take C．taking D．took
2.miss v. 怀念；思念
【知识点睛】 miss 作动词，意为“怀念，思念”。
I'm sure that everybody will miss him very much.我相信每个人都会怀念他。
【归纳拓展】miss 还可表示“错过，未击中，丢失”。
I was late because I missed the bus.我迟到了，因为我没赶上公交车。
When did you miss your pen
你是什么时候丢的钢笔？昨天，她没赶上公共汽车，只好步行回家。
【即时演练】Yesterday she ________ the bus and ________to walk home.
答 案 missed, had
3. as
【知识点睛】 as 作介词，意为“作为”。
as 作连词，意为“同样；一样”，as...as 意为“与……一样”，中间加形容词或副词的原级。not as/so...as 意为“与……不一样”。 as 作连词，意为“像……一样；由于”。
相关短语：as soon as 一……就……；as usual 像平常一样；regard...as 把……看作；as...as
possible＝as...as sb.can 尽可能……地；the same as 与……一样；as a result 因此；as for 至于；关于。
We have a job for you as a waiter.我们有一个服务员的工作给你。
Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.刘英不像她姐姐一样擅长运动。
My friend wears the same clothes as I do.我的朋友穿着跟我同样的衣服。
His mother looked after him as well as she could.他的妈妈尽她所能照顾好他。
【即时演练】1)Now，people regard drinking tea __A__ a culture more than a habit.
A．as B．by C．of D．with
2)—Where would you like to visit
—I'd like to go __B__．
relaxing somewhere B．somewhere relaxing
C．relaxing anywhere D．anywhere
relaxing
3)Everyone wants to win.But __A__ me，the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
A．as for B．thanks to C．instead of D．such as
4.feed v．饲养，喂养
【知识点睛】 feed… with/on…＝feed sth. to sth./sb.意为“用……喂……”。
The child is feeding the monkey on/with a banana.
＝The child is feeding a banana to the monkey.那个小孩正喂猴子香蕉。
【归纳拓展】feed on 与 live on 为同义表达，但 live on 主要用于指人，以人作主语，常以表示食物、工资、钱数等名词作宾语。
5.expensive adj. 昂贵的
【知识点睛】 expensive 指物品昂贵，价格高，其反义词是 cheap。
This sweater is too expensive. I can't afford it.这件毛衣太贵了，我买不起。温馨提示：表示价格的高低时，用 high 或 low。
He bought everything at a low price. 他所有的东西都是以低价买的。
put up 搭起，举起【知识点睛】
put up 常用意思：
(1)搭起，建立，建起
They put up many tall buildings last year. 去年他们盖了许多高楼。
(2)举起
Put up your hand if you want to ask a question.若要提问请举手。
(3)张贴
We'd better put up a notice here. 我们最好在这儿贴一张通知。
常考句型 易错辨析
1．—How's the weather in Beijing 北京的天气怎么样？—It's sunny.晴天。(Unit 7)
【知识点睛】 (1)询问天气的常用句型有：What's the weather like＋地点状语？或 How's the weather＋地点状语？
How's the weather in London ＝What's the weather like in London 伦敦的天气怎么样？
How will the weather be tomorrow =What will the weather be like tomorrow 明天天气怎么样 （注意系动词 be 在各种时态中的变化。）
此外，谈论天气的常用语还有：
What do you think of the weather 你认为天气怎么样？
What will the weather be like tomorrow 明天天气怎么样？
It looks like rain.天看起来要下雨了。
Lovely weather，isn't it？天气真好，不是吗？
It's raining hard/heavily.天下着大雨。
What's the weather report for tomorrow 天气预报说明天什么天气？
回答时常用形容词：sunny，rainy，windy，cloudy，snowy，foggy 等。
温馨提示：weather 是不可数名词，不能用 a 或 an 修饰。
What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！
【即时演练】1)—__D__
—It's sunny today.
A．How was the weather yesterday B．How are you doing
C．What fine weather! D．What's the weather like today
2）—Could you tell me________in your hometown in winter
—Sure.
whether does it often snow B．whether it often snows
C．if it often snow D．if does it snow
解析：本题把询问天气情况放到宾语从句中考查。句意：你能告诉我冬天你的家乡经常下雪吗？根据宾语从句要使用陈述句语序可淘汰 A、D；而 C 中动词 snow 没有加任何形式，故选 B。
2．—How's it going？情况如何？—Great！好极了！(Unit 7)
【知识点睛】 亲朋好友长期不见面，有时在电话里会询问对方近来一段时间的情况。
询问时可使用“How's it going(情况怎么样)？”回答时按情况的好坏依次是 Pretty good.(相当好)，Great.(好极了)，Not bad.(不错)，Terrible.(糟透了)。
3．—Is there a hospital near here 附近有医院吗？
—Yes, there is. It's on Bridge Street. 有，在大桥路上。 (Unit 8)
【知识点睛】
(1)该句是 there be 结构，表示某处有(存在)某人或某物。there be 句型的用法：
there be 句型表示“某地有某物”，强调客观存在。there be 结构中 be 的后面若只有一个主语，其中的 be 动词应根据主语的人称、数的不同而变化，主语是单数名词或第三人称单数时用 is，主语是复数名词或其他人称时用 are。
There is a post office near here.这儿附近有一家邮局。
There are two boys in the street.在街上有两个男孩。
there be 句型遵循“就近原则”：there be 结构中若有几个并列主语（即后接多个名词或代词时），be 动词的单复数形式由第一个名词或代词决定。
There is a book and two rulers on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两把尺子。
There are two rulers and a book on the desk.桌子上有两把尺子和一本书。
there be 结构的一般疑问句是将 be 动词提到句首，句尾用问号。回答时先用 Yes 或 No，再作简单回答。
Is there a post office near here？这儿附近有邮局吗？
Yes，there is./No，there isn't.是的，有。/不，没有。
Are there two boys in the street？有两个男孩在街上吗？ Yes，there are./No，there aren't.是的，有。/不，没有。
该句型的否定形式是在 be 动词的后面加 not。
There aren't any boys in the street.街上没有男孩。
there be 句型的一般将来时形式为 there will be 或 there is/are going to be。
【即时演练】1)There __D__ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncle's farm now.
A．was B．were C．is D．are
2)There __D__ be a fashion show in our town tomorrow.
A．are going to B．will have C．has D．is going to
解析：考查一般将来时的 There be 句型。由时间状语 tomorrow 可知应用一般将来时；
there be 句型不能与 have/has 混用；主语 a fashion show 表示单数，所以应用系动词 is。故选 D。
(2)问路常用句型
(3)指路常用句型
It's＋介词短语(地点) 它在……
It's about... meters from here.离这儿大约……米。
It's about... meters along on the left/right.向前走大约……米，在左/右侧。
Walk on and turn left/right.向前走，然后左/右拐。
Turn left/right at the first crossing.＝Take the first crossing on the left/right.第一个路口左/右拐。
(4)指路者有时会在指路完毕后追加一句“You can't miss it.(你一定会找到的)”给对方鼓劲；若问路时对方不知道，问路者常用“Thank you all the same.(仍然要谢谢你)”表示谢意。
4．The pay phone is between the post office and the library.投币电话在邮局和图书馆之间。(Unit 8)
【知识点睛】 between...and...是介词短语，意为“在……和……之间”，后接名词或代词宾格。
【妙辨异同】 between 与 among
between 意为“在……之间”，表示双方(两者)之间的关系
among 也有“在……之间”之意，但它是指在三者或三者以上的事物之间但是表达三者或三者以上的人或事物中两两之间的关系时，仍用 between。
The village lies between two mountains.这个村庄位于两座山之间。
The village lies among mountains.这个村庄位于群山之中。
【即时演练】1)His grade in the exam put him __C__ the top students in his class.
between B．over C．among D．above
The accident happened __D__ 7 p．m.________ 9 p．m.
A．from；to B．between；to C．from；and D．between；and
3）—Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival (桃花节)
—Yes. The flowers were beautiful. Bees were flying ________ them.
in B．among C．between D．through
解析：“在花丛中”用介词 among。
5．To get there,I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road. 要去那儿(动物园)
的话，我通常步行外出，在大桥路向右拐。 (Unit8)
【知识点睛】 (1)To get there...表示“要去那儿”，这是英语行文的一种方式，即在句子开头用 To do...短语，并用逗号将其与句子的主体部分隔开，相当于汉语“(若)要做……的话”。
To listen to world news, please turn on the TV. 要听世界新闻，请打开电视。
(2)turn right 是固定短语，意为“向右拐”，类似的短语还有 turn left(向左拐)。
You can turn left at the second crossing.你可以在第二个路口向左拐。
6．What does he look like？他长得什么样？(Unit 9)
【知识点睛】 What does sb. look like？用来询问某人的外貌特征，其中 like 是介词，意为“如同；像……一样”，后常接名词或代词。
回答常用高、矮、胖、瘦、大眼睛、高鼻子等来回答。即可用“主语＋系动词＋形容词”
句式或者“主语＋have/has＋名词”句式，意思是“某人长着……”。
—What does your brother look like？你哥哥长什么样？
—He is tall and thin.他又高又瘦。
—What's your sister like？你妹妹是什么性格？
—She is outgoing.她很外向。
Tom looks like his father.汤姆长得像他爸爸。
【归纳拓展】
(1) “What+be+主语+like ”句型的主语是人时，则是提问人的性格或内在的东西；
—What’s he like 他是个什么样的人？
—He’s friendly and kind. 他友好善良。
易混句型：“What+do/does+sb.+look like ”句型只用来提问人的外表。
What do/does sb. like about sth.？用于询问某人喜欢某事物的哪(些)方面。
【即时演练】—__A__？
—He is not very heavy and wears glasses.
What does Ron look like B．What is Ron C．What do you think of Ron D．How is Ron
解析：由答句“他不胖，戴着眼镜”可知问句询问人的相貌，故选 A。
7．—Is he tall or short 他高还是矮？
—He isn't tall or short. He's of medium height. 他不高也不矮。 他中等个。(Unit 9)
【知识点睛】 Is he tall or short 是一个选择疑问句，不能用 yes 或 no 来回答。or 是连词，意为“或者，还是”，表示选择。
Which city do you like better, Beijing or Shanghai 你更喜欢哪个城市，北京还是上海？
【妙辨异同】 and，but 与 or
and 表并列，意为“和；而且” I like A and B．
but 表转折，意为“但是” I like A，but I don't like B．
or 表选择或表并列，意为“或者；还是” Do you like A or B？ I don't like A or B.
【归纳拓展】 or 可表示假设，意为“否则，不然”，可与 if... not 句式互换。
Get up early，or you'll be late for class.＝If you don't get up early，you'll be late for class.
早点起床，否则上课会迟到的。(如果你不早点起床，上课会迟到的。)
8．I'd like some noodles.我想要些面条。
What kind of noodles would you like 你想要哪种面条？(Unit 10)
【知识点睛】 would like 作“想要，愿意”讲时，常用于口语中，语气平和、委婉。would 常缩写为'd；like 可替换为 love，常见四种用法：
(1)would like to do sth.愿意做某事
(2)would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事
(3)Would you like sth.？你想要……吗？(表示客气请求)句中用 some 而不用 any。
肯定答语：Yes，please. 否定答语：No，thanks.
Would you like to do sth.？你愿意做某事吗？(表示邀请或建议)
肯定答语：Yes，I'd love/like to.
否定答语：I'd love to，but...(说明具体原因)
We would like to go to the beach.我们想去海滩。
I'd like you to go with me.我想让你和我一起去。
—Would you like to stay here with us？你想和我们一起待在这儿吗？
—Yes，I'd like to.是的，我想。
—Would you like some tea？你想喝些茶吗？
—No，thanks.不，谢谢。
【归纳拓展】1）含 would like 的陈述句变成一般疑问句时，直接把情态动词 would 提前。Would you like/love…？比 Do you want…？语气委婉，常用于口语。对此问句的肯定回答一般为 Yes，I'd like/love to.，还可以为 Yes，please./All right./Yes./OK.等。 2）would you like 与 do you like 的区别
“Would you like.. 中 like 后不可接动词 形式,而“Do you like... ”中 like 后却可以。
如:
Do you like swimming 你喜欢游泳吗 对于“Would you like... ” 提出的建议或要求,肯定回答常用“Yes, please.”或“Yes, I would love/like to.” (I would 可缩写为 I’d); 否定回答常用“No, thanks.”。
对于“Do you like... ” 的答语,肯定回答用“Yes, I do.”; 否定回答用“No, I don’t.”
【即时演练】
1)—Would you like something to drink —__C__．I'm thirsty.
A．Yes，I can B．No，thanks C．Yes，please D．No，I don't like it
2)—Tom，would you like to go to our English party this Saturday
—__C__．
A．Yes，please B．I don't like to C．Yes，I'd love to D．Yes，thanks
【妙辨异同】 would like，want 与 feel like(想要)
⑴would like 和 want 后接名词、不定式或复合宾语，而 feel like 后接名词或 v.-ing 形式。
⑵would like 比 want 语气更委婉。
We'd really like a holiday in Italy，but it's so expensive.我们真想去意大利度假，但是太贵了。
I don't want to go out tonight.今晚我不想出去。
I feel like (having) a drink.我想喝一杯(酒)。
If he or she blows out all the candles in one go,the wish will come true.
如果他一口气把所有蜡烛全部吹灭的话，许的愿望便会成真。(Unit 10)
【知识点睛】
(1) if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
If it's sunny tomorrow, I'll go shopping. 如果明天天晴，我将去购物。
(2)in one go 相当于汉语中的“同一次”，“一次性的”， 其中的介词还可用 at，即 at one go。
You can't do the work all in one go.你不可能一次把工作都做完。
(3)come true 表示愿望、梦想等的“实现”或“成为现实”。
Keep on working hard and your dream will come true. 继续努力，你的梦想会实现的。
10．—What did you do 你做了什么？
—I went fishing every day. 我每天去钓鱼。(Unit11)
【知识点睛】 go fishing 是固定短语，意为“去钓鱼”。
They often go fishing on weekends.他们周末经常去钓鱼。
【归纳拓展】“go＋v.-ing”表示从事某种 (户外)活动。类似短语如图示。
11．As a special gift, our parents took us to India. 作为一份特殊的礼物， 我爸妈带我们去了印度。(Unit 12)
【知识点睛】 (1)此处 as 为介词，表示“作为……；当作……”， 其后可以接表示职业、用途、特点等的词。 用在句首时，这种短语后面往往有逗号与语句的主体隔开。
As a student, I should study hard. 作为学生，我应该努力学习。
(2)本句中的动词 take 表示“带领”， take sb. to＋地点表示“带某人去某地”。
His mother took him to hospital quickly. 他妈妈迅速把他带到了医院。
温馨提示：当去的地点为副词时，to 省略。Take it home. 把它带回家。
12．...we saw a big snake sleeping near the fire. 我们看见一条大蛇正在篝火附近睡觉。
(Unit12)
【知识点睛】see 后跟动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语，表示“看见……正在做……”。
He saw a dog lying on the road. 他看见路上躺着一只狗。
【归纳拓展】 hear，see，watch，feel，notice 等感官动词后可接动词原形或动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语，即：
接动词-ing 形式时表示看到动作正在进行，或者动作的片断性；接动词原形时表示动作经常发生或动作的全过程。即 hear/see sb. do sth.意为“听见/看见某人做了某事”，do 表示动作已经完成，即动作全过程结束了。
I saw her go across the road.我看见她穿过了马路。
I often hear her sing after work.下班后我经常听到她唱歌。
13.It is very quiet and I enjoy reading there.那里很安静，我很喜欢在那里阅读。
【知识点睛】 enjoy 的用法
v. 享受，喜欢。adj. enjoyable 快乐的，令人愉快的 n. enjoyment 享受，乐趣用作动词 (v.) 后可接名词、代词或动词的分词形式作宾语。如：
Mike enjoys playing football with his classmates after school. 迈克喜欢放学后和他的同学踢足球。
enjoy 后接反身代词,表示“过得愉快、玩得高兴”与 have a good/wonderful/nice time 同
义，还等同于 have fun。
We enjoyed ourselves during the holidays. = We had a good time during the holidays. 我们在假期玩得很愉快。
14.Could you just tell him to call me back 你能否叫他给我回个电话？
【知识点睛】 tell sb. (not)to do sth. 意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事”。
My mother told me not to play computer games. 我妈妈告诉我不要玩电脑游戏。
【归纳拓展】能用于此结构的词还有 ask(要求), warn(警告), order(命令)
【即时演练】Tom's mother told him _____B___ eating too much meat.
A．stopping B．to stop C．stops D．stopped
15.I'm having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada. 我正开心地拜访我在加拿大的
姑姑。
【知识点睛】“have a great time (in) doing sth.”相当于“have fun (in) doing sth.”， 意为“做某事很开心”，但 fun 前可用 great, much, a lot of 等修饰。
[拓展] have trouble/problem(s) (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难
16.Please reply in writing to this invitation by Friday, December 20th. 请在12月20日
星期五之前，回复这个邀请。 (Unit 9 P71）
【知识点睛】辨析 reply 与 answer
answer 多指对问题的回答。还可表示接听电话或对门铃等声响作出反应等, 常与 telephone, door, bell, door-bell 等连用。但 reply 不能这样用。
如：A little girl answered the door. 一个小女孩应声去开门。
Nobody answered my call for help. 没有人理会我的呼救。
reply 多指对某一陈述或主张的答复，后接名词或代词作宾语时，要在名词或代词前加
介词 to，但在接句子作宾语时不用介词 to。
The head teacher replied to our questions. 班主任回答了我们的问题。
He replied that he disagreed. 他回答说他不同意。
17.There were also too many people and I couldn’t really see or hear the guide.里面也
有人，我真的不能看到或听到导游（说话）。
【知识点睛】辨析 hear, listen 与 sound
hear 意为“听见，听到”，着重听的结果。
hear sb. do sth.听到某人做某事的全过程。如：He was very embarrassed to hear people speak so highly of him. 他听见有人这样夸他， 感到很难为情。
hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事。如：
I can hear you asking an important question. 我能听到你在问一个重要的问题。
listen 一般用作不及物动词，指“留神听，倾听”，是有意识的动作。listen to 相当于及
物动词，意为“听……”，表示专心致志地“听”，后面一定要接人或物作宾语。如：We must listen to the teacher carefully in class. 我们在课堂上必须认真听老师讲课。
sound 作连系动词，意为“听起来”，常接形容词作表语。除接形容词外，还可接介词 like。
That sounds like a good idea！那听起来是个好主意。
【归纳拓展】hear 的常见短语
hear about 听说
hear from sb. 得到(某人)的消息 make oneself heard 把意见等说给人听 hear of 听说
18.Do they have straight or curly hair 他们留着直发还是卷发？
【知识点睛】此句型是由“一般疑问句＋or ＋另一个选择成分”构成的选择疑问句。回答时，要根据所提及的选择成分作出选择，而不能用“yes”或“no”回答。朗读时，前一部分用升调，后一部分用降调。
—Is she at home or at school
她在家还是在学校？
—She is at home. 她在家。
19.Then the guide taught us how to make a model robot.
然后导游教我们如何制作机器人模型。
【知识点睛】“疑问词＋不定式”结构常用在 know, decide, find out, tell, forget, remember,
see, understand 等动词或短语后作宾语，相当于宾语从句。当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，宾语从句可转换为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。
She didn't know which blouse to buy. ＝She didn't know which blouse she should buy.
她不知道买哪件衬衫。
—I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation.
What about you
【即时演练】—I haven't decided where ________.
A．go B．went C．going D．to go
解析：本题考查“疑问词(where/when/what time…)＋不定式”结构，此结构可转换为宾
语从句。
20.There we put up our tents and made a fire to keep us warm and cook food on.
在那里我们架起帐篷，生火取暖并做饭。
【知识点睛】“keep＋宾语＋形容词”，意为“使……保持某种状态”。
Students always keep their classrooms clean. 学生们总是保持教室干净。
【归纳拓展】 (1)“keep＋形容词”意为“保持某种状态”。
This helps to keep healthy.这有助于保持健康。
(2)keep (on) doing sth. 意为“一直做某事”。
They kept working all day.他们整天不停地工作。
(3)keep sb./sth. doing sth.意为“让某人/某物不停地做某事”。
Don't keep me waiting for long. 别让我等太久。
(4)keep sb./sth. from doing sth.意为“防止/阻止某人/物做某事”，相当于“stop/prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth.”。
Why did you keep her from going to the party 你为什么阻止她参加晚会？
(5)“keep＋宾语”意为“保存/保管某物”，有时也可表示“借”(与一段时间连用)。
You can keep the book for two weeks. 你可以借用这本书两周。
【即时演练】Some of the tired students keep their eyes________ in breaks.
opened B．close C．closed D．open
解析：根据“the tired students”可知是闭上眼睛休息一下，close 的形容词形式是 closed。
21.But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. 但是我太累了，所以早早就睡觉了。
【知识点睛】“so＋形容词或副词＋that 从句”意为“如此……以至于……”， that 后跟结果状语从句。
He got up so late that he missed the early bus.他起床太晚了以至于错过了早班车。
温馨提示：so that 可用来引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句， 结果状语从句中不用
情态动词。
He came to London so that he could see his parents. 为了能见到父母， 他来到了伦敦。
【归纳拓展】 such…that 与 so…that 都可引导结果状语从句， 要特别注意其结构：
(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that 从句
(2)so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that 从句
(3)such＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that 从句
(4)such＋adj.＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that 从句
The little girl is so lovely that we all like her.＝She is such a lovely girl that we all like her. 这个女孩如此可爱， 以至于我们都喜欢她。
【即时演练】He was ________ tired ________ he could not go on walking.
A. too; to B. such; that C. so; that
解析：“so＋形容词或副词＋that 从句”意为“如此……以至于……”。故选 C。
22.in front of/in the front of
【知识点睛】
(1)in front of 指在某个范围外部的前面，其反义词为 behind。
There is a big tree in front of our classroom. 我们教室的前面有一棵大树。
(2)in the front of 指在某个范围内部的前面，其反义词组为 at the back of。
He took a seat in the front of the cinema. 他在电影院前排位置坐下了。
【即时演练】在许多人面前说话使我感觉紧张。_____________________________
答案：I feel nervous talking in front of many people.
23.little，a little，few，a few
【知识点睛】 a little, little, few, a few 都可以修饰名词，这四个词的区别如下： little 修饰不可数名词，意为“少量”(几乎没有)，表否定意义。 a little 修饰不可数名词，意为“一点儿”，表肯定意义。 little，a little 还可修饰动词，放在动词之后。 few 修饰可数名词，意为“少量”(几乎没有)，表否定意义。 a few 修饰可数名词，意为“一点儿”，表肯定意义。
There is little milk in the glass.杯子里几乎没牛奶了。
He can speak a little English.他会说一点儿英语。
She said that memorizing the words of pop also helped a little.她说记流行歌词也有点儿帮助。
Few eggs are left，we have to buy some.没多少鸡蛋剩下了，我们不得不买一些。
There are a few apples on the table，would you like one？桌上有一些苹果，你想要一个吗？试比较：
There are a few differences between the two. 这二者之间有一些差异。
There is a little wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里还剩一点酒。
He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
There is little wine left in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没酒了。
温馨提示：(1) a little 可修饰形容词、副词或其比较级，而 a few 不能。此时 a little 相当于 a bit。
(2)a little 修饰不可数名词时，相当于 a bit of。
【即时演练】1)In our school，________ students like English，but __B__ of them can speak English smoothly.
A．a little；a few B．a few；few C．a few；little D．a little；few
2)There is __D__ news about this movie star in the newspaper.Where can I get some？
A．many B．a few C．a little D．little
3）Now teenagers are very busy with their schoolwork and they have ________ time to do exercise.
A．few B．little C．a few D．a little
解析：time 是不可数名词，排除 A 和 C;再根据“teenagers are very busy with their
schoolwork”可知，他们几乎没有时间锻炼，故选 B。
24.cheap，expensive，high，low
【知识点睛】 expensive与high涉及价格“高”，而cheap与low涉及价格“低”。expensive， cheap 是一组反义词，其主语必须是货物、物品本身，不能是价格。high，low 是一组反义词，其主语是价格(price)，不能是物品本身。
询问价格的句型为：How much is...？＝What is the price of...
This cloth doll is very cheap.这个布娃娃很便宜。
This watch is expensive.这块表很贵。
The price of this watch is too high.这块表的价格太高了。
The price of this book is not low for me.这本书的价格对我来说不低。
【即时演练】
1)The things in the supermarket are not __expensive．这家超市的东西不贵。
2)The price of this house is too __high__ for him to afford.对他来说这房子的价格太高，买不起。
25.anything，something，nothing，everything
【知识点睛】 anything 意为“任何事；某事”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。 something 意为“某事；某物”，常用于肯定句中，也可用于征求意见的疑问句中。 nothing 意为“没有什么；没有东西”。 everything 意为“每件事；一切事情”，可用于肯定句、疑问句或否定句中。
温馨提示：anything，something，nothing，everything 都是复合不定代词，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；形容词修饰复合不定代词应后置。
We can't believe anything he says.无论他说什么，我们都不能相信。 Something is wrong with your eyes.你的眼睛有问题。 Would you like something to drink？你想要点喝的吗？ Nothing is impossible.
没有什么是不可能的。
I hope everything goes well.我希望一切顺利。
Is there anything important in today's newspaper？今天报纸上有什么重要事情吗？
【即时演练】
Look！Sonia looks worried.There must be __B__ wrong with her.
A．nothing B．something C．anything D．everything
2)This work needs close teamwork.__A__ will be achieved unless we work well together.
A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything
3)—Would you like __A__ to eat
—No，thanks.
something B．anything C．nothing D．Everything
4）—Tom，supper is ready.
—I don't want to eat________，Mum.I'm not feeling well. A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything
解析：句意：—汤姆，晚饭准备好了。—我不想吃东西，妈妈。我觉得不舒服。anything
用于否定句，故选 D。
26.interest/interesting/interested
【知识点睛】 interest 既是名词，又是动词。作名词时，意为“兴趣；趣味”，作动词时，意为“使(人)产生兴趣”，作名词组成短语 take/show interest in sb./sth.意为“对某人/某物感兴趣”。
The little girl shows great interest in music.这个小女孩对音乐很感兴趣。
The topic interests me greatly.这个话题使我大感兴趣。
interesting 指事物(人)本身有趣，在句中可以修饰物，也可以修饰人，可作定语，也可
以作表语。 interested 只能修饰人，表示某人对某物感兴趣，常用结构为 sb.be interested in sth.。
I am interested in the interesting storybooks.我对有趣的故事书感兴趣。
【即时演练】—What fun The Croods is！
—Yeah！I like the movie，too.It's so________．
A．boring B．scary C.interesting D．sad
解析：句意：—《克鲁一家》这部电影太好了！—是的！我也喜欢这部电影。它太有趣了。interesting 是形容词，意为“有趣的”，故选 C。
27.a number of/the number of
【知识点睛】
词条 意义 用法 谓语
a number of 意为“许多的、大量的”，相当于 many 后接复数可数名词 复数
the number of 意为“……的数量，数目” 后接复数可数名词 单数
Every year a number of people come to visit our school.每年都有许多人来参观我们的学校。
Now the number of family cars is much larger than before. 现在家用汽车的数量比以前多了很多。
【即时演练】—What ____A____ the number of the students in your school
—About two thousand. A number of them ________ from the countryside.
A．is; are B．is; is C．are; is D．are; are
28.relax/relaxing/relaxed
【知识点睛】
(1)relax 是动词， 意为“放松， 轻松”， 后接某人时， 意为“使某人放松”。
A holiday will help you relax after your exams. 考试之后放个假有助于你放松。
(2)relaxing 是形容词， 意为“令人轻松的”， 常以物作主语或修饰物。
This is a great place for a relaxing holiday. 这是一个休假放松的好地方。
(3)relaxed 也是形容词， 意为“放松的， 轻松的”， 常以人作主语。
Take a deep breath, and then you may feel relaxed.深呼吸，那样你会觉得轻松。
【归纳拓展】类似用法的词还有 interest/interesting/interested; surprise/surprising/surprised; bore/boring/bored 等。
【即时演练】—What ________ news! The Chinese Women's Badminton Team won the Uber Cup again.
—Really That's great! [2014·泰州]
A．interesting B．interested C．exciting D．excited
解析：修饰物(news)要用-ing 结尾的形容词，排除 B 和 D。再由“The Chinese Women's Badminton Team won the Uber Cup again.”可知，这是指一件令人激动的事，故选 C。
29.in the end/at the end of/by the end of
【知识点睛】
词条 含义及用法 例句
in the end 意为“最后；终于”，相当于 at last/finally，后面不接 of 短语 Those kids laughed in the end. 那些孩子终于笑了。
at the end of 意为“在……的尽头；在……的末端”，后接时间或地点名词 The bank is at the end of the street. 银行在街道的尽头。
by the end of 意为“到……末”，后接名词，常与一般将来时或过去完成时连用 They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last year. 到去年年底为止，他们已种植了六千棵树。
1．The FIFA World Cup is ________ fantastic that a lot of people in the world are crazy about it.
A．such B．so C．very D．much
2．When they walked along the river, they suddenly heard somebody ________ for help.
A．called B．to call C．calling D．calls 3．—We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet.
—Really Will you please show me ________ it
A．how to use B．what to use C．how can I use D．what can I use 4．— What does your brother look like
—________．
A．He is a little shy B．He is tall C．He likes dancing D．He is a doctor 5. —What________ bowl of noodles would you like, small, medium or large
—A large bowl of beef noodles, please.
A．color B．Price C．size D．kind
6. —I'm afraid that I can't take a walk with you today, Jack. Maybe ________ time.
—What a pity(遗憾)!
A．another B．Other C．the other
7.—Excuse me, would you please speak a little more________？ —Sorry, I thought you could follow me. A．sadly B．Quickly C．politely D．slowly 8. —Laura enjoys ________ storybooks. —Me, too.
A．reading B．read C．to read D．reads
—Your brother is an excellent basketball player.
—So he is. He________ to play basketball three years ago. A．has started B．Starts C．started
Be quiet! The students ________ a physics test in the next room.
A．had B．have had C．were having D．are having
11．My old neighbor Charles enjoys ____ photos.He always goes out with his camera.
A．take B．to take C．taking D．took 12．Now，people regard drinking tea ____ a culture. A．as B．by C．of D．with
13．There ____ some milk and two eggs on the table.
A．is B．are C．has D．have
14．Now teenagers are very busy with their schoolwork and they have ____ time to do exercise. A．few B．little C．a few D．a little
15．—____ does your new friend look like
—He is tall with short blonde hair and big blue eyes.
A．How B．Who C．What D．Where
16．—Mom，I want to buy this dictionary.It's good and not too ____．
—Let me see.It's really a useful dictionary.And the price is ________.OK，I'll buy it for you.
A．high；low B．expensive；cheap C．high；cheap D．expensive；low
17．—I ____ a lot of time playing computer games every day.
—Oh，boy.It's bad for your eyes.
A．spend B．take C．pay D．cost
18．The old man is a good swimmer，and even now he often swims ____ Tuojiang River after supper. A．over B．through C．to D．across
19．I've been so bored for a long time.I hope to have ____ to do.
A．exciting anything B．nothing exciting C．something interesting D．good something
20．The air in Dongying is much worse than that in many other cities.We must do ____ to protect our environment.
A．nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 参考答案：1-5BCABC 6-10ADACD 11-15CAABC 16-20DADCC
解析：
1.“so＋形容词/副词＋that”意为“如此……以至于……”。
2.hear sb.doing sth.意为“听见某人正在做某事”。
3.C 和 D 语序不对。根据句意“你能告诉我如何使用它吗？”可确定选 A。
5.考查名词用法辨析。句意：“你想要多大碗的面条，小碗的、中碗的还是大碗的？”“请来一大碗牛肉面条。”根据 large 确定是问碗的尺寸、大小，所以选 C。
6.考查(the)other, another 的用法。句意：“恐怕今天我不能和你去散步了，杰克。或许下一次吧。”“真遗憾！”another 意为“又一；再一”，another time 意为“下一次”；other 意为“别的；其他的”，后跟可数名词时，应该用复数形式；the other 意为“另外一个”，特指两者之中的另一个。 故选 A。
7.考查副词的词义辨析。句意：“劳驾，请你说得慢一点好吗？”“抱歉，我以为你能跟得上。”sadly 意为“伤心地”；quickly 意为“快地”；politely 意为“有礼貌地”；slowly 意为“慢地”。
9.本题考查过去时态的用法。句意：“你的哥哥是一位优秀的篮球运动员。”“他确实是。他三年前开始打篮球。” 根据时间提示词“three years ago”可知用一般过去时态， 故选 C。
10.考查动词时态。句意：请安静！学生们正在隔壁的房间进行物理考试。故选 D。
11.考查非谓语动词的用法。enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，故选 C。
12.本题固定短语搭配。regard...as...译为“把……当作……”，故选 A。
13. 考查主谓一致。there be 句型的主谓一致遵循“就近原则”。“some milk”是不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式 is。故选 A。
14.考查不定代词。表示否定时用 few 修饰可数名词复数，little 修饰不可数名词。句意：现在青少年正忙于功课，他们几乎没有时间做运动。time 是不可数名词，故选 B。
15.考查疑问词的用法。“What does/do sb.look like？”为固定句式，意为“某人长得什么样？”，主要是对外貌、长相提问，故选 C。
考查形容词的辨析。expensive，cheap 常用来修饰物；high，low 常用来修饰价格 price。根据句意，故选 D。
本题考查及物动词固定搭配。sb.spend＋时间＋in doing sth.意为“某人花时间做某事”。
考查介词的用法。over 指在物体的正上方，与物体不接触；through 指从立体空间中穿过；to 意为“向，朝，往(某方向或某处)”；across 指从物体表面“穿过，跨越”，一般与某物有接触。此处是指游过河面，故答案选 D。
考查复合不定代词。形容词修饰不定代词时应后置，故排除 A、D 项。根据句意“我希望有一些有趣的事做”可知选 C。
20.考查复合不定代词的辨析。根据句意“我们必须做一些事情来保护环境”可知选 C。
书信及电子邮件的写作
书信具有实用性强、使用广泛等特点，是我们日常生活中应用最为广泛的一种文体，中考对书
信写作的整体要求是：格式正确，内容简明扼要，条理清楚，表意明确，礼貌适度。英文书信一般由以
下几部分组成：
1．信头：写信人地址和日期，有时可省去写信人地址，但一般要写日期，要写在信的右上角。
2．称呼：指对收信人的称呼，写在左上角，顶格写；称呼后面的标点一般接逗号。常用 Dear，后一般接名字；Mr.，Mrs.，Miss 后用姓或姓与名。
3．正文：是信件的主体部分，写在称呼的下一行，一般由左边第三个或第五个字母处开始写起。正文第一段也可顶格写，但以后各段应空两格。
4．结尾：指正文下面的结尾客套话，位置应低于正文一行或两行，一般从信纸的中间稍右写起，第一个字母大写，末尾用逗号。常用 Yours sincerely，Yours，Sincerely yours 等。
5．签名：写在结尾语的下面一行。
电子邮件使用方便、传送快捷，而且还可以一信多发，特别适合信息交通。那么，如何写正规
的电子邮件呢？
1．收件人地址：在标题(Heading)栏的“收件人(To)”框中输入收件人的 e-mail 地址。
2．主题：“主题(Subject)”框中的内容应简要概括邮件内容，可以是一个单词，也可以是一个短语。
3．问候：电子邮件一般使用非正式文体，在好友或同事间可以直呼其名，如 Tommy；但称呼长辈或上级时，最好使用头衔加上姓，如 Mr.Brown。
4．正文：这是电子邮件的主体部分。为了让收件人了解你的用意，内容应条理清晰，简洁明了。
5．结尾：通常只需一个词，如 Thanks，Best，Cheers 等，不能用一般信函中的 Sincerely yours，
Best regards 等。
6．签名：最后写上邮件发送人姓名。
三.常用句型：
1．Thank you for your letter.谢谢你的来信。
2．I was glad/happy to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的信。
3．How is everything going？一切可好？
4．How are you these days？/How are you getting on these days？近来如何？
5．I'm writing to you to...我给你写信是为了……
6．I'm looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon.盼望你尽快回复/信。
7．Please send my love to...请代我向……问好。
四.写作典例。
假如你是李明，你的朋友 Peter 即将面临中考，然而他却深感压力巨大，寝食不安，情绪低落，学
习效率低下。请你写一封信给他提一些有益的建议，帮助他调整心态，提高学习效率，轻松迎考。
要点：1.学会放松(体育锻炼，听音乐……)
2．健康饮食
3．充足睡眠 4．学会沟通注意：1.词数：80 词左右。(文章的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数) 2．可适当发挥，但必须包含以上要点。
【范文欣赏】
Dear_Peter，
Don't_worry_about_your_study_too_much.First，you should learn how to relax yourself.I think doing more sports is good for your health.Listening to music is also a good way to relax.And I think it's necessary to have healthy eating habits.Please remember to have breakfast every morning.It can give you enough energy to study for the whole morning.You'd better go to bed early and have enough sleep.It will keep you active during the day.Finally I think you should talk with your friends，parents or teachers often.Tell them about your thoughts and feelings.Try to get help from them.
I_hope_you_can_stay_in_good_spirits，and_study_better.
Yours，
Li_Ming