人教新目标英语八年级下册Units 1～2知识点整理学案

八年级下册Units 1～2
类别 新课标要求
重点词汇拓展 1.foot (n.)→feet(pl.) 脚；足 2.she (pron.)→herself(pron.反身代词)她自己 3.her(pron.)→ herself (反身代词)她自己 4.our(pron.)→ ourselves (反身代词)我们自己 5.climb (v.)→climber(n.) 登山者；攀登者 6.excite (v.)→excited(adj.)激动的；兴奋的→exciting(adj.)令人激动的；使人兴奋的 7.die (v.)→death(n.) 死，死亡→dead(adj.)死的；失去生命的 8.knife (n.)→knives(pl.) 刀 9.important (adj.)→importance(n.) 重要性；重要→unimportant(反义词)不重要的 10.own(v.)→owner(n.)物主；主人 11.difficult(adj.)→ difficulty(n.) 困难；难题 12.kind(adj.)→ kindness(n.) 仁慈；善良 13.lie(v.)→ lay (过去式)→ lying (现在分词)躺 14.tooth(n.)→ teeth (复数)→ toothache (n.)牙痛→ dentist (n.)牙医 15.decide(v.)→ decision (n.)决定 16.feeling(n.)→ feel (v.)感觉到 17.break(n.&v.)→ broken (adj.)破损的 18.understand(v.)→ understanding (adj.)善解人意的 19.train(v.)→ training (n.)训练；培训
重点短语记忆 1. have a fever/cough/toothache/cold/stomachache/sore back/sore throat 发烧/咳嗽/牙疼/感冒/胃痛/背疼/喉咙痛 2.lie down 躺下 3.take one's temperature 量体温 4.take a rest 休息 5.get off 下车 6.to one's surprise 使……惊讶的；出乎……意料 7.right away 立刻；马上 8.be used to 习惯于……；适应于…… 9.run out (of) 用尽；耗尽 10.cut off 切除 11.get out of 离开；从……出来 12.be in control of 掌管；管理 13.give up 放弃 14.clean up 打扫干净 15.cheer up (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来 e up with 想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等) 17.put off 推迟
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
18.give/hand out 分发 19.call up 打电话给(某人)；征召 20.used to 曾经…… 21.care for 照顾；非常喜欢 22.give away 赠送；捐赠 23.take after (外貌或行为)像 24.set up 建起；设立 25.on the side of the road 在马路边 take breaks 休息 go to a doctor 看医生 28.fall down 摔倒 Get into trouble 陷入麻烦 take risks/a risk 冒险 31.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 32.be interested in 对……感兴趣 33. cheer up 使变得高兴起来 34.make a difference 影响；有作用 35. set up 建立；设立 36.try out 参加……选拔；试用 37.fix up 修理 38.hand sth. out 分发某物 39. at the age of 在……岁时 40.be excited about 对……感到兴奋
重点句型整理 —What's the matter？(你)怎么了？ —I have a stomachache.我胃痛。 2.He should lie down and rest.他应该躺下休息。 3.—What should she do 她应该做什么？ —She should take her temperature. 她应该量一下体温。 4.I'll help to clean up the city parks. 我会帮忙打扫城市公园。 5.You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. 你可以要求医院让你去看望孩子们并让他们高兴。 To his surprise，they all agreed to go with him. 令他惊讶的是他们都同意和他一起去。 7. Thanks to Mr.Wang and the passengers，the doctors saved the man in time .多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了那个人的生命。 8.Aron is used to taking risks.阿伦习惯冒险。 9.We can't put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制订计划。 10.She could read by herself at the age of four.她在四岁时就能够独自看书了。 11.I want to learn more about how to care for animals.我想了解更多关于怎样去照顾动物的信息。 12.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.在这里当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。 13.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。
【常考词汇】
1.lie v．躺，平躺
【知识点睛】lie down 躺下 lie on 躺在……上 lie in 躺在……里其过去式为 lay，过去分词为 lain，现在分词为 lying。
Go and lie down for a while. 去躺一会儿吧。
Snow was lying thick on the ground. 厚厚的积雪覆盖着大地。
Mike is lying comfortably in his sleeping bag.迈克正舒服地躺在他的睡袋里。
2.rest v．& n. 放松，休息
【知识点睛】(1)rest 既可作动词也可作名词，表示“休息，放松”，作动词时，相当于 have a rest。
You're too tired. You need to rest for a while.你太累了，需要休息一会儿。
(2)rest 作名词时，还有“剩余部分”的意思，常与定冠词 the 连用。当 the rest 或“the rest of the ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与 the rest 表示的名词在数上保持一致。
The rest of the water is Kate's.剩下的水是凯特的。
This email is for me, and the rest of the emails are for you. 这封电子邮件是写给我的，其余的电子邮件是写给你的。
3.give up 放弃
【知识点睛】give up 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。若接代词作宾语时，代词要放在 give 和 up 之间。
He gave up smoking last year.＝He stopped smoking last year. 去年他戒了烟。
【归纳拓展】后接动名词的动词短语：
look forward to doing sth.期待做某事； be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事； feel like doing sth.想做某事； cannot help doing sth.忍不住做某事； put off doing sth.推迟做某事
【即时演练】Many successful people have the same quality—they never ________ no matter what difficulties they've had.
A．give up B．stay up C．cheer up D．put up
（根据“no matter what difficulties they've had.”可知他们从不“放弃”，故选 A。）
4.cheer v．欢呼，喝彩
【知识点睛】 cheer up 为“动词＋副词”短语，其后跟代词作宾语时，代词要放在 cheer 与 up 之间。
Let's buy some flowers to cheer her up. 让我们买一些花使她高兴起来吧。
cheerful adj.高兴的；快乐的
Hearing the news, all of us were cheerful. 听到这个消息，我们都兴高采烈。
cheer up 使振奋；使高兴起来
They all cheered up when they heard the good news.当听到这个好消息时，他们都欢呼了起来。
【即时演练】—He looks unhappy today. —Let's ________.
A．cheer him up B．help out him C．look him after D．argue with him （根据“He looks unhappy today.”可知要使他“振奋起来”，故选 A。）
5.put off 推迟
【知识点睛】 put off 为“动词＋副词”短语，后接名词作宾语时放在 off 前后均可，若后接代词作宾语，代词则要放在 put 与 off 之间。类似用法的短语还有： put out 扑灭，熄灭(火) put on 穿上
take off 脱下 put up 张贴 put away 收起来 give out 分发 cheer up 使振奋 pick up 捡起来 clean up(把……)打扫干净
【归纳拓展】 put off doing sth.意为“推迟做某事”。
He keeps putting off going to the dentist.他把看牙医的事一拖再拖。
【即时演练】Spring has come. We can't________ the plan. The trees must be planted this week.
A．put off B．make up C．come up with D．look up 解析：put off 意为“推迟”，make up 意为“组成，编造”，come up with 意为“想出(办法)”，
look up 意为“(在词典等)查找”。根据“The trees must be planted this week.”可知“计划不能推迟”，故选 A。
6.so...that...
【知识点睛】so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，常引导结果状语从句。其中 so 是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。
He is so young that he can't look after himself.他太小了无法照顾自己。
【即时演练】1)We're talking about “China Dream” these days.It's ________ exciting
__B__ all of the Chinese people are interested in it.
A．such；that B．so；that C．too；to D．such an；that
7.imagine
【知识点睛】imagine 动词，意为“想象；设想”，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或从句。
Can you imagine life on the moon？你能想象在月球上的生活吗？ Don't imagine yourself to be always correct.不要以为自己总是对的。 I can't imagine what he looks like.我想象不出他长什么样子。
【即时演练】1)—Dear，what about going to beaches for vacation
—Great！__D__ we're lying on the beach in the sun，enjoying music.It must be great fun!
A．Pretend B．Promise C．Mention D．Imagine
【常考句型 易错辨析】
1．What's the matter？(你)怎么了？
—I have a sore back. 我背痛。(Unit 1)
【知识点睛】
（1）matter n．意为“问题；事情”，前面通常要加定冠词 the。What's the
matter？是 What's the matter with...？的省略。相当于 What's wrong (with sb.)？
该句常用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦，以表达关切之意。
—What's the matter with you？你怎么了？ —I have a cold.我感冒了。
【归纳拓展】 表达这一意义的其他常用口语表达还有：
What's wrong？怎么了？
What's up？出什么事了？
What's the trouble？有什么麻烦吗？ What happened？发生了什么事？ Is there anything wrong？有什么不对劲吗？
以上这几种表达，如果表示“某人/物怎么了”，要在这几种形式后加上 with sb./sth.。
well 在这里为形容词，意为“身体好”，相当于 fine/healthy/fit。
【即时演练】—Hi, John. ________？
—It's Lucy, my dog. Her leg is hurt.
A．How are you B．What's the matter C．Who's that D．What's Lucy like
解析：根据“It's Lucy, my dog. Her leg is hurt.”可知是问出了什么事，故选 B。
（2） “have＋a＋症状名词”表示具有某种“病症、症状”，有“患(病)”的意思，其中不定冠词 a 不可省略。
I have a headache and a cough.我头疼而且咳嗽。
Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the doctors saved the man in time.
多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生们及时挽救了这个人的生命。(Unit 1)
【知识点睛】thanks to 是固定短语，意为“幸亏；由于；因为”。
Thanks to your help, I passed the exam. 多亏你的帮助，我通过了考试。
【妙辨异同】 thanks to 与 thanks for
thanks to 由于；幸亏 短语介词，后接名词、代词，相当于 because of，强调感谢的对象
thanks for 因……而感谢 客套用语，thanks 相当于 thank you。介词 for 后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式，强调感谢的原因
Everyone knows about it now, thanks to you!多亏了你，现在大家都知道了！ Thanks for the present.谢谢你送给我这份礼物。
【即时演练】
1)谢谢你上星期带我参观学校。
__Thanks___ __for___ __showing__ me around the school last week.
2)Thanks __C__ Mr.Hu，we have learnt many English songs.
A．for B．at C．to D．in
3．—What should she do 她应该做什么？
—She should take her temperature. 她应该量一下体温。(Unit 1)
【知识点睛】这是一个询问建议的句型，should 后跟动词原形，否定句在 should 后加
not，一般疑问句把 should 提到句首。给建议的表达方式：You should/shouldn't＋动词原形，意为“你应该/不应该……”。
You should read the new book. 你应该读一读这本新书。
You shouldn't eat too much junk food. 你不能吃太多垃圾食品。
4．Aron is used to taking risks. 阿伦习惯于冒险。(Unit 1)
【知识点睛】be used to 意为“习惯于……；适应于……”，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。
He is used to getting up early. 他习惯了早起。
【妙辨异同】 be used to 与 used to
短 语 用法与意义 例 句
be used to to 是介词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing 形式 be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，指某动作过去不常做而现在已习惯做了，强调目前的情况； to 为介词，后接名词或动名词。 be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”，为被动语态。 He is used to taking a walk after dinner. 他习惯于饭后散步。 This computer is used to control all the machines. 这台电脑是用来控制所有机器的。
used to 后跟动词原形表示“曾经……；过去……”。指过去经常性的动作 I used to live in London. 我曾经在伦敦居住过。
或存在的状态，现在已不再那样，侧重与现在的比较；to 后用动词原形。其否定句为：usedn't to 或 didn't use to；其疑问句为 Used＋主语＋to do...？或 Did＋主语＋use to do...
【归纳拓展】
（1）used to do 的否定形式为“didn't use to do”或“used not to do”，used not 可缩写为 usedn't。
Mr. Li didn't use to drink beer. ＝Mr. Li usedn't to drink beer.李先生过去不常喝啤酒。
used to do 的疑问句形式是“Did…use to do？”或“Used…to do？” Did she use to get up early ＝Used she to get up early 她过去经常早起吗？
（3）used to 的反意疑问句由助动词 did(n't)或 used(n't)构成。
Mario used to be late for school, didn't/usedn't he 马里奥以前上学经常迟到，不是吗？
【即时演练】1)He ________ go out with his parents but now he __A__ staying at home alone.
A．used to；is used to B．is used to；used to C．use to；is used to D．is used to；
is used to
2）She used to __D__ a bus to school, but now she is used to ________ to school.
A．taking; walk B．take; walk C．taking; walking D．take; walking
5....a lot of old people are lonely. 许多老人很孤独。(Unit 2)
【知识点睛】 辨析 lonely, alone 与 lone alone 既可作形容词，又可作副词。 lonely 能作形容词，不能作副词。 lone 只能作形容词，不能作副词。
alone adj. 意为“单独的，独自的”，表示无人陪伴，只陈述一个客观事实，不带感彩，在句中只作表语
adv. 意为“单独，独自”，相当于 by oneself，常在句中作方式状语
lonely adj. 只意为“孤独的，寂寞的”，除了指出与其他人隔离这一事实之外，还强调渴望伴侣的那种孤独寂寞的感情。作定语时，还可意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，多修饰表示物的名词。
意为“人迹罕至的，偏僻的”，在句中常用作定语，修饰表示地点的名词
lone adj. 表示“孤单的、单独的、无伴的”等，通常只用作定语，有时可与表示类 似意义的 lonely 换用。但是 lone 一般不表示“寂寞的”、“偏僻的”等意。
I was walking alone in the lonely mountain. I didn't feel lonely though I was alone.我独自走在荒凉的山野里，虽孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞。
He saw a lone house in the field. 他看到田野中的孤屋。
I met up with a lone traveler. 我偶遇了一个无伴的旅行者。
温馨提示：在现代英语里，alone 和 lone 跟 lonely 含义不同，前二者只表示“单独”，
没有感彩，但后者则表示“孤单、寂寞”的感受。如：
Though I was alone in Hong Kong，I did not feel lonely．虽然我独居香港，但是我并不感到寂寞。
The lone traveler lived a lonely life.那独行客过着寂寞的生活。
【即时演练】
1)Though he is ________ at home，he doesn't feel __A__ for he has many things to do.
A．alone；lonely B．lonely；alone C．alone；alone D．lonely；lonely
6．I repaired it.我修好它了。(Unit 2)
【知识点睛】repair 修理;修补
Can you repair my bike 您能给我修修自行车吗？
【妙辨异同】repair，mend 与 fix
repair 多指将损坏、破旧之物(机器、车、房子等)加以修理
mend 指修补有破洞、裂痕等的东西(多指简单的日常用品)或缝补衣服
fix 为非正式用语，兼具 mend 和 repair 之义，但不指缝补衣服
Can you mend my shoes 你能把我的鞋修补一下吗？
7．I gave away my bike to a children's home. 我把自行车捐赠给了一个儿童之家。
(Unit 2)
【知识点睛】 give away 意为“捐赠；赠送”。
【归纳拓展】 give 的常用短语
My father has given up drinking.我父亲已经戒酒了。 The sun gives out light and heat.太阳发出光和热。
8．Jimmy takes after his mother. 吉米长得像他妈妈。(Unit 2)
【知识点睛】 take after 表示面貌、性格、举止等像自己的父母亲，有父母的特征，
后面多接指人的词作宾语，无被动语态。take after＝look like＝be like
Mary takes after her mother；she has the same eyes，nose and hair. 玛丽长得像她妈妈，眼睛、鼻子和头发都一个样。
He takes after his father.＝He looks like his father.他看起来像他的父亲。
【归纳拓展】take的短语:
take care当心;take off脱掉;起飞；
take back 退回;收回 take place 发生；
take up 学着做;开始做
9．Jimmy has run out of money. 吉米已经把钱花完了。(Unit 2)
【知识点睛】run out of 意为“用尽；耗尽”。
Two weeks passed, and they ran out of the food.两周过去了，他们的食品用完了。
【妙辨异同】run out of 与 run out
(1)run out of“用尽；耗尽”，主语只能是人，与 use up 意思相同；run out of 还可以表示 “从……跑了出来”。
(2)run out“(时间、金钱、事物等)耗尽；用完”，此时主语是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的词。
Tom has run out of ideas.汤姆已经想不出任何办法了。 The ink has run out.墨水已经用完了。
【即时演练】
Some people waste too much water.They don't believe that it can __B__ some day.
A．keep out B．run out C．be run out D．run out of
【归纳拓展】 run 的常用短语
10.death，die，dead，dying
【知识点睛】death 作名词，意为“死；死亡”。
die 作不及物动词，强调“死”的动作，它是一个终止性动词，一般和过去时连用，不能
和延续性的时间状语连用。 dead 是形容词，意思是“死的”，强调“死”的状态，一般作表语和定语。表示“死了多长时间”，用“have/has been dead＋for＋时间段”或“died＋时间段＋ago”。 dying 是 die 的现在分词形式，也可作形容词，意思是“快死的”，可作表语和定语。
It was a matter of life and death to them.对他们来说这是生死攸关的事情。
His father died ten years ago.他的爸爸十年前死了。
The poor man has been dead for five years.那个可怜的男子已经死了五年了。
The doctor tried to save the dying boy.这个医生尽力去抢救这个生命垂危的孩子。
【即时演练】
The dog has been __dead__ for about two months.
2)His dog __died__ two years ago.
3)The police were surprised at his __death__．
4)The poor dog had no food.It was __dying__．
11.exciting，excited
【知识点睛】exciting 意为“令人感到兴奋的”，主语通常是物或事件。
excited 意为“激动的；兴奋的”，主语通常是人，常用于短语 be excited about 中，意为 “对……感到兴奋的”。be excited to do sth.＝be excited about doing sth.对做某事感到兴奋。温馨提示：类似此用法的词还有 surprising/surprised，interesting/interested 等。
I was very excited when I heard the exciting news.当我听到这个令人兴奋的消息时，我激动极了。
He is excited about surfing in the sea.他对海上冲浪感到兴奋。
【即时演练】1)—Do you know the final of men's single will be played between Wang Liqin and Ma Lin
—Yes，I felt ________ when I heard the __B__ news.
A．exciting；excited B．excited；exciting C．exciting；exciting D．excited；excited
12.You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有“Lucky”。
【知识点睛】“make it＋形容词＋to do sth.”意为“使做某事……”，it 在句中作形式宾语，形容词作宾语补足语，动词不定式是真正的宾语。能用于该句型的动词还有 think, feel, find 等。
Our teacher makes it interesting to learn English. 我们的老师使学英语变得有趣。
【即时演练】Televisions have made__C___ possible for us to watch movies at home. A．that B．this C．it D．they
13.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. 明天如果你的头和脖子还疼的话, 就去看医生。(Unit 1 P2)
【知识点睛】辨析 hurt, injure, harm 与 wound
Hurt, injure, harm 和 wound 都有“受伤”的意思。Hurt 还可指感情上的伤害；injure 侧
重于意外或事故造成的损伤；wound 侧重于武器带来的伤害。具体用法如下：
⑴hurt
1）vt.损害；使受伤；使伤心；使受皮肉之苦。既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害。
Xiao Li hurt herself when she fell down the stairs. 小李从楼梯摔下来，跌伤了。
What he said in the meeting has hurt my feelings. 他在会议上说的话伤害了我的感情。
2）vi. 疼痛; 感到疼痛; 受痛苦; 有坏处。
My leg still hurts. 我的腿还在疼。
⑵injure vt.表示“伤害，损害，毁坏”。一般指由于意外或事故造成损伤, 它常暗示受伤部位的功能受到影响，而 hurt 的结果不一定影响机能的发挥。如：
Tom injured his leg in a skating accident. 汤姆在一次滑冰事故中伤了腿。
Drinking can injure one’s health. 喝酒对人的健康有害。
⑶harm1）vt.损害，伤害，危害。
He would never harm anyone. 他从不会伤害任何人。
2）n. 伤害，损害。常用作短语 do harm to sb. /sth. 对……有害。
Smoking does harm to your health. 抽烟有害你的身体健康。
⑷wound
1）vt.使（身体）受伤；（用武器）伤害。一般指严重的外伤，主要指在战场上遭受枪弹伤害。
The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子弹伤了他的肩膀。
2）n.（身体上的）伤，伤口；（武器造成的）伤。
The nurse cleaned the wound. 护士清洗了伤口。
14.This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. 它的意
思是“处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境之中” (Unit 1 P6)
【知识点睛】mean 的用法
mean (v.)→ meaning (n.)意思，含义→ meaningful (adj.) 有意义的，意味深长的 vt. 意思是……。可用来解释某个词语的含义。
“Quake” means “to shake”. “Quake”的意思是“震动”。 mean 后接名词、副词或从句。
The sign means that the road is blocked. 这个标志表示此路不通。 mean doing sth. 必须要做某事或导致某种结果，其主语通常是指事物的词。
Success means working hard. 成功意味着工作努力。
mean to do sth. 打算或企图做某事。
We mean to call on you tomorrow. 我们打算明天看望你。注意：
don’t mean to do sth. 是其否定式，通常表示“无意做某事”。如：John really upset his grandma,but I’m sure he did not mean to. 约翰真让奶奶心烦, 不过我相信他是无意的。
What do you mean by... 该句型的意思是“你……是什么意思 ” 如：What do you mean by acting like this 你这样做是什么意思
15.We can make plans to help sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless
people. 我们可以通过制定计划来帮助医院中的病患儿童，或者通过捐钱帮助无家可归的儿童。(Unit 2 P12)
【知识点睛】辨析 raise 与 rise
raise（raise-raised-raised）vt.后面可直接跟名词，意为“提起，引起，提高，增加，筹款，召集，养育”，可用于被动语态。
The students raise money for the children in poor area. 学生们为贫困地区孩子捐款。
rise（rise-rose-risen）vi.说明主语自身移向较高位置，意为“上升、升起、升高、上涨；起立、起身、起床”。常用于日、月、云、雾、烟、蒸汽、河水、温度、物价等，无被动语态。
The sun hasn’t risen yet. 太阳还没升起来。
1. [2014·福州] —Jack, I have ________ working out the math problem.
—Don't worry. Let me help you.
A. fun B. trouble C. experience D. a good time
2．[2014·连云港] China is going to ________ a manned space station around 2020 to explore more space. A. set up B. put up C. wake up D. turn up 3．[2014·云南] —Oh, dear! Your room is untidy.
—Sorry, Mom. I'll ________．
A. set it up B. clean it up C. put it up D. look it up
4. [2014·昆明] We are supposed to ________ a solution to stop people from looking down at their mobile phones while driving cars.
A. come up with B. come from C. come out D. come true
5. [2014·武汉] I used to ________ with my wife and watch TV movies at home.
A. show up B. wake up C. come up D. stay up
6. [2014·枣庄] Liu Huan, a famous male singer, has long hair, because he ________ long hair. A. used to have B. is used to having C. is used for having D. is used to have
7．[2014· 黄冈] He told the interviewer that he had run_out_of money to buy old bikes.
A. put away B. turned off C. taken out D. used up
8．[2014·襄阳] He failed to break the world record for long jump many times but he never ________ his hope.
A. took off B. put away C. gave up D. turned down
9. [2014·阜康、米泉] —What are you packing so many books for, Grandma —I'll ________ to the kids in West China.
A. give them up B. give them away C. give them off D. give them in
10. [2014·烟台] Learning Chinese really ________ my mind to the Chinese world.
A. called up B. turned up C. opened up D. made up
11．[2014，金华、义乌]My parents ask me to __ _ myself when they go out.
A．bring up B．think of C．agree with D．look after
12．[2013，衢州]My dream hometown is an amazing place __ __ any pollution.
A．with B．without C．out D．in
13．[2014，杭州]In summer，milk will quickly go bad __ __ it is put into a fridge.
A．though B．unless C．because D．once 14．[2014，云南]—__ __ sweet song it is!
—Yeah，it's My Heart Will Go On sung by Celine Dion.
A．How B．How a C．What a D．What
15．[2013，云南]—Excuse me.__ __？
—It's Sunday.
A．What day is it today B．What's the date today
C．What's the time D．What's the weather like today
16．[2014，白银]Mom always tells me that nothing can be learned __ __ hard work.
A．with B．by C．for D．without
17．[2013，连云港]—Would you please see the film Iron Man 3 with me tonight，Kate
—I'd love to，but I've __ __ Linda's invitation to dinner.
A．suffered B．earned C．received D．accepted
18．[2014，滨州]—Do you know if he will come tomorrow
—No.But if he __ __，I'll call you to have a meal together.
A．will come B．won't come C．comes D．doesn't come
解析：1.考查名词(短语)辨析。fun 意为“乐趣”；trouble 意为“麻烦，困难”；experience 意为“经验”；
a good time意为“一段美好时光”。根据下句可推知：解决这道数学题我有困难，故选B。 have trouble doing sth. 意为“做某事有困难”。
2.考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了探索更多的宇宙空间，中国计划在 2020 年建一个载人空间站。 set up 意为“建立，设立”；put up 意为“张贴”；wake up 意为“叫醒”；turn up 意为“调高”。故选 A。
3.考查动词短语辨析。set up 意为“建立”；clean up 意为“打扫”；put up 意为“张贴；举起；搭建”； look up 意为“查阅”。由上句句意“你的房间不整洁”可推测下句句意为“我将打扫一下”。故选 B。
4.考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该想出一个方法来阻止人们边开汽车边看手机。come up with 意为“想出”；come from 意为“来自”；come out 意为“出来，出版”；come true 意为“实现”。结合句意可知选 A。
5.考查动词短语辨析。show up 意为“露面”；wake up 意为“叫醒”；come up 意为“出现，发生”；stay up 意为“熬夜”。句意：我过去常和妻子一起熬夜在家里看电视里播放的电影。根据句意可知 D 项正确。
6.考查 used to 的相关短语辨析。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth.意为“习惯做某事”；be used for doing sth.相当于 be used to do sth.，意为“被用来做某事”。句意：刘欢， 一位著名的男歌手，留着长发，因为他习惯了留长发。故选 B。 7.D run out of 意为“用光，用完”，与 use up 意思相同。
8.考查动词短语辨析。句意：他很多次都没能打破世界跳远纪录， 但是他从未放弃希望。give up 意为“放弃”。故选 C。
9.考查动词短语辨析。句意：“奶奶， 你为什么打包这么多书？”“我将把它们捐赠给中国西部的孩
子们。”give up 意为“放弃”；give away 意为“捐赠”；give off 意为“发出”；give in 意为“屈服”。故选 B。
10.考查动词短语辨析。call up 意为“打电话”；turn up 意为“调高”；open up 意为“打开”；make up 意为“组成”。根据句意可知选 C。
11.look after myself “照顾好我自己”。故选 D。
12.考查介词。without any pollution 意为“无任何污染”，在此作状语。故选 B。
13.本题考查连词的用法。句意为“在夏天，牛奶会快速变质，除非把它放在冰箱里。”结合句意可知，符合题意的连词是 unless。故选 B。
14.本题考查感叹句的结构。感叹名词 song 要用 what；又因为 song 是可数名词的单数形式，what 后还要使用不定冠词 a。故选 C。
15.考查交际用语。由答语“It's Sunday.”可知，此处询问的是“今天星期几”。故选 A。
16.with“有，伴随”；without“没有”；by“通过”；for“为了”。句意为“妈妈告诉我，不努力学习什么都学不会。”故选 D。
17.本题考查动词的词义理解。结合本题题意可知：我已经“接受”了 Linda 的晚饭邀请，故 accepted 符合题意。故选 D。
18.考查动词的时态辨析。句意为“你知道他明天是否会来？ ”“不知道。但是如果他来了，我会给你打电话一起吃饭的。”if 引导的是条件状语从句，谓语动词使用一般现在时表示将来。故选 C。
写作典例之体育与健康
(一)健康是幸福的基石。尤其是青少年的健康，更加受到家庭、学校乃至全社会的关注。假如你是
你们学校的健康达人，应校英语俱乐部的邀请，你将给全体成员做一个“The Importance and Secrets of Keeping Healthy”的报告。请参考下面的提示，完成报告。要求：
1．80 词左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2．所给提示仅供参考，需适当发挥； 3．文中不得使用真实的校名与姓名。
【思路点拨】一、审题。
仔细审题，明确写作要求，确定文章的体裁、时态和格式。本篇书面表达是一篇介绍健康重要性的
报告。文章总体应以一般现在时为主。二、注意写作要点，梳理写作框架。
本篇书面表达是给出提示要点的作文，所给提示的内容一定要写全面，按照提示词的思路进行写作。三、连句成篇，注意语言的连贯和过渡。
在写作过程中，考生应适当运用连词，使文章过渡自然。最后检查作文时，还要注意单词拼写、标
点符号、字母大小写等细节问题。
【范文欣赏】
Dear_friends，
It's_a_great_honor_to_speak_here.My_topic_is_“The_Importance_and_Secrets_of_Keeping_Healthy”．
I'm so glad you care about health like me.Good health may bring us a long happy life，good work and even better grades.Keeping healthy is really important.
As for the secrets of keeping healthy，I think different people have different answers.In my opinion， having a healthy lifestyle is the most important.First，it's helpful to have enough sleep and a balanced diet.Breakfast is the top meal of the day，so we can't miss it.At the same time，find a physical activity you enjoy and keep on doing it.I have kept playing ping-pong for seven years and I really enjoy doing that.Also， everyone should develop a sense of humor and always be a happy person.
I hope you look after your health from now on and live a happy and healthy life forever!
Thanks_for_listening!
(二)体育运动是中学生的共同爱好。请你根据下列提示写一篇题为 What We Get from Sports 的短文，短文应包含以下要点：
1．学生参加体育运动的兴趣不同，理由各异。
2．多数学生学习疲倦时，通过运动来放松自己。
3．男孩们参加各项体育活动，希望运动能使自己更强壮。
4．女孩们也喜欢运动，希望运动能帮助自己减肥和保持苗条。
5．你对运动的观点。
注意：1.文中不能出现自己的姓名和学校名称。
2．短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。字数：80 词左右，不可逐字翻译。
参考词语：lose weight (减肥)，keep slim (保持苗条)
【范文欣赏】
What We Get from Sports
Students in our school have one thing in common—an interest in sports.But different students have different reasons for taking part in sports.
Many students have sports when they feel tired after study.They just want to relax themselves and have fun.Most boys love sports.They take part in all kinds of sports in order to become stronger.They join in the sports that interest them most，such as soccer，basketball and volleyball.Girls also like sports.Some of them want to lose weight，to be slim and pretty by doing sports.
In my opinion，no matter what reasons we have，we all can get a lot from sports.