人教版（2019）必修 第二册 Unit4 History and Traditions单元检测（含解析）

人教版高中英语必修二Unit4 History and Traditions
第I卷（选择题）
一、完形填空（共15分）
In a year of sadness, one fast food manager is doing what she can to spread a message of love.
April DiDonna told a customer she (1) him after he ordered at the (2) where she works in Washington. Three months later, she has told thousands of people "I love you".
"It's filling my heart with so much more love. I know that the little three (3) could mean so much to so many people," DiDonna told a reporter. "I (4) that if we just love each other, the world will be better."
The "love" (5) kept going and DiDonna started (6) how many people have said "I love you" back. About 2,700 customers have (7) to the message since October 3.
"Sometimes people are (8) ," DiDonna said. "Then I just explain it. If people can hate for no (9) , why can't I love "
One time an elderly woman was, (10) by her, and she simply thanked DiDonna before she left the store, "Thank you for felling me that you love me." The customer told DiDonna that her husband had (11) . "I don't have anyone to tell me that they love me anymore," the woman said, (12) .
DiDonna then hugged the woman (13) , "When I gave this woman a hug, she just stayed in my arms with tears in her eyes," DiDonna said.
Never (14) doing little things for others. Sometimes those things occupy(占据) a(n) (15) part of their hearts.
1. A. needed B. loved C. welcomed D. supported
2. A. factory B. hotel C. company D. store
3. A. words B. letters C. symbols D. tips
4. A. worry B. believe C. explain D. announce
5. A. action B. schedule C. puzzle D. method
6. A. forgetting B. counting C. imagining D. considering
7. A. returned B. attended C. replied D. applied
8. A. thankful B. nervous C. generous D. curious
9. A. opinion B. reason C. answer D. choice
10. A. moved B. reminded C. recognized D. greeted
11. A. turned up B. given in C. taken over D. passed away
12. A. crying B. shouting C. waving D. jumping
13. A. officially B. gracefully C. tightly D. eagerly
14. A. depend on B. adapt to
C. get tired of D. be crazy about
15. A. fascinating B. striking C. extra D. big
二、阅读理解（共30分）
A
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar(农历) divides the year into 24 solar terms(节气). Start of Winter, the 19th solar term of the year, begins this year on Nov 7 and ends on Nov 21.
Start of Winter is the first solar term of winter, which means winter is coming and crops harvested in autumn should he stored up.
In ancient times, the Start of Winter was regarded as the beginning of winter, however, due to geographical factors, the actual winter time varies from place to place.
In fact, the Start of Winter is not the beginning of winter in terms of meteorology(气象学). The weather every year is different, so the beginning of winter could be quite different. And as China is very large, it starts at different times in different areas.
The beginnings of the four seasons were important festivals in ancient times. Before the Start of Winter, the ancient emperor would take a shower and have no more meat. On that day, the emperor would lead his officials to the countryside and "welcome the winter".
People eat dumplings on the beginning of winter. Legend has it that in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing invented "Jiao Ear" (娇耳) to treat typhoid(伤寒) patients with ear frostbite(冻疮). He cooked mutton, hot peppers and herbs to drive out the cold and warm up the body. He put these materials into a dough skin and made them into an ear shape. Since then, people have learned to make the food which became known as "dumpling" or jiaozi. Today there is still a saying that goes "Eat dumplings on Start of Winter Day, or your ears will be frostbitten."
16. Which of the following is right about Start of Winter
A. It is one of the solar terms in Chinese calendar.
B. People begin to harvest crops on this day.
C. Winter begins on November 7 this year.
D. It begins in different months in different places.
17. What does it in paragraph 4 refer to
A. the start of winter B. the change of weather
C. the important festival D. the beginning of winter
18. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about
A. Importance of Start of Winter.
B. Customs of Start of Winter.
C. Origin(起源) of Start of Winter.
D. Food eaten on Start of Winter.
19. Why do people eat dumplings on Start of Winter day
A. Because dumplings can drive away typhoid.
B. Because they wish for good luck for themselves.
C. Because eating dumplings can warm up their ears.
D. Because they want to prevent the coming of winter.
B
A new study suggests that long periods in space can cause the human heart to shrink(缩小). The study—by a team of American researchers—comes as the U.S. makes plans to build a long-term base on the moon and prepares to send astronauts to Mars.
Part of the study was based on the experiences of the retired astronaut Scott Kelly. The U. S. space agency NASA says that during his career, Kelly spent more time in space than any other American astronaut. One of Kelly's stays aboard the International Space Station(ISS) lasted 340 days. Researchers from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center(UT Southwestern) in Dallas collected and analyzed the physical data during Kelly's long stay aboard the ISS. The goal was to learn the effects of weightlessness on heart health and performance. The team found that during Kelly's stay in space, the left ventricle(心室) of his heart shrank about 0.74 grams per week.
Dr. Benjamin Levine is a professor at UT Southwestern. He was the leader of the research. In a statement, he explained that because of the conditions in space, the heart does not have to work as hard to pump(输送) blood uphill from the feet. Over time, this can cause shrinkage. In an effort to keep their hearts and bodies healthy in space, astronauts are required to perform different kinds of exercises throughout their stay.
Reductions in heart size are also seen in patients who spend long periods in bed because they are lying flat and the heart does not have to work as hard to pump. A second part of the study examined data from a long-distance swimmer who spent nearly a year trying to cross the Pacific Ocean. The swimmer, Benoit Lecomte, was chosen because he swam more than 2,800 kilometers over 159days. Levine says long-distance swimming has similar effects on weightlessness. The study showed that during Lecomte's swim, his left heart ventricle shrank about 0.72 grams per week.
20. How did the researchers carry out their study
A. By interviewing astronauts.
B. By examining collected information.
C. By experimenting aboard the ISS.
D. By comparing people in different fields.
21. What are astronauts asked to do to keep their hearts fit in space
A. Do various exercises. B. Get regular blood tests.
C. Stay in space for less time. D. Stand on their heads sometimes.
22. Who is least likely to suffer from a shrunk heart according to the text
A. A patient spending a long time in bed.
B. An astronaut traveling in space for long.
C. A long-distance professional swimmer.
D. A well-trained marathon runner.
23. What can be the best title for the text
A. New Ways to Fight Heart Diseases
B. The U.S. Builds a Medical Center in Space
C. Long Space Flights Can Shrink the Heart
D. Long-distance Swimming Keeps Your Heart Fit
C
China is recognized as a world leader in the development of artificial intelligence and facial recognition systems. A Chinese company says it has created a new facial recognition system that can identify people even if they are wearing masks (口罩). Engineers at the Beijing-based company say their system is the first to be created to effectively identify people wearing face masks.
The company told a news agency that a team of 20 people built the system in about a month. Tho system is based on existing technologies developed over the past 10 years. The process involved adding a collection of about 6 million unmasked faces and a much smaller collection of masked faces, the company said.
The company is now selling two main kinds of products that use the new technology. One performs "single channel" recognition, which is designed to be used at the entrances to buildings. The other product is a "multi-channel" recognition system that uses groups of surveillance (监视) cameras. It can identify individuals in a crowd of up to 30 people within a second.
"When people are wearing a mask that covers the mouth and the nose, the recognition rate can reach about 95%, which can ensure that most people can be identified," said Huang, vice president of the company. He added that the system's success rate for people not wearing a mask is about 99.5%.
However, the new system struggles to identify people wearing both a mask and sunglasses. "In this situation, all of the key facial information is lost. In such cases recognition is graunchy," Huang said.
People respond (响应) differently to the new technology. While some citizens have been against using such tools, the majority have accepted the technology as an effective way to reduce crime and catch criminals.
24. What did the company do to build the system
A. It used the latest technology.
B. It gathered many face images.
C. It employed hundreds of people.
D. It added a collection of masks.
25. What can we know about the new system
A. Its success rate is affected by cameras.
B. Its performance varies with the location.
C. It does better in identifying unmasked faces.
D. It can recognize groups of people in seconds.
26. What does the underlined word "graunchy" mean
A. Tough. B. Specific. C. Normal. D. Different.
27. What is most people's attitude towards the new system
A. Supportive. B. Objective. C. Uncaring. D. Doubtful.
D
Best royal(王室的) palaces in Europe you can visit There are some royal palaces in Europe that often open their doors to the public.
Drottningholm Palace, Sweden
This breathtaking palace in Drottningholm is not only a residence of the Swedish royal family, but it's also a UNESCO World Heritage Site thanks to its impressively preserved castle and theatre. The palace and park are open to the public year-round.
Royal Palace, Oslo, Norway
The official royal residence for the Norwegian ovals has neoclassical architecture and landscaped gardens with ponds and eye-catching statues. During the summer months the palace opens to the public on guided tours, which include beautiful staterooms including the Bird Room, Mirror Hall, Small Ceremonial Hall and Banqueting Hall.
Royal Palace of Madrid, Spain
While the Royal Palace of Madrid is officially the royal residence, nowadays the Spanish royals choose to live in the Zarzuela Palace instead, with the Madrid Palace used mainly for slate ceremonies. There are over 3,000 rooms in this breathtaking palace making it one of the largest in the world. Highlights include the royal kitchens and the painting gallery, while the Changing of the guard never fails to be a hit with tourists.
Palace of Versailles, France
If you want to visit a palace that's luxurious(豪华的), then the Palace of Versailles needs to be on your list. France hasn't had a royal family since the French Revolution in 1789, but this palace offers a glimpse(短暂的感受) into how the former royals lived, as well as serving as a museum which preserves some of the finest works by the most gifted painters, sculptors and craftsmen of the time.
28. When is Royal Palace, Oslo likely to open to the public
A. In mach. B. In July. C. In October. D. In December.
29. Where should visitors go if they want to see state ceremonies
A. Drottningholm Palace. B. Royal Palace, Oslo.
C. Royal Palace of Madrid. D. Palace of Versailles.
30. What can visions do at Palace of Versailles
A. Come across royal members.
B. Enjoy some excellent artworks.
C. Communicate with gifted painters.
D. Learn the history of French Revolution.
第II卷（非选择题）
三、语法填空（共30分）
A
The ancient town of Fenghuang is a place with idyllic (平和美丽的) village life in rural China. Having travelled directly from the busy city, I regard Fenghuang as a better (1) (choose) to have a breath of the fresh air.
When I paid (2) visit to Fenghuang, it was July. My friend and I (3) (excited) explored, walking along the ancient wall and crossing the beautiful, old bridges. People there were very (4) (relax). They were neither troubled by the hot weather nor by the tourists, walking, eating and playing outdoors. (5) the first evening we bought spicy, cold noodles and ate on the riverbank as we watched the sunset.
We stayed in a small hotel (6) was similar to many of the traditional (7) (building) in the village. Our room was built on high stilts (桩子) over the banks of the river. From our window we could hear the rush of the water and the sounds of excited tourists (8) (travel) in small boats downstream. We saw people at work busy catching fish and young children playing in shallow waters.
Although there (9) (be) many visitors to Fenghuang, we did not see any other foreigner during our stay. After several days, I was still unwilling (10) (leave).
B
An ancient culture dating back more than 5,000 years proved China's early exchanges with other societies, experts say.
Experts believe the Majiayao culture had a close (1) (connect) with other various cultures. They put it forward at a recent meeting (2) was held in Gansu Province. With more than 5,000 years of history, it plays an important role in the development of the Chinese civilization (文明). This culture spread to Central Asia through (3) is now China's Xinjiang Province, (4) (bring) rice from China to the west.
Swedish expert Johan first (5) (investigate) cultural sites in 1924. In the 1940s, Xia Nai named the sites after the Majiayao, with painted pottery (彩陶) as (6) (it) most special feature. Some experts point out that the Majiayao culture (7) (obvious) shares similarities with the cultures of some parts of the Black Sea. People from these cultures used pottery (8) (make) human head sculptures. (9) addition, some Central Asian features also appeared on the painted pottery of the Majiayao.
Actions (10) (take) to protect the Majiayao culture by building museums, organizing meetings and doing more research so far.
四、书面表达（共25分）
假定你是李华，得知你的美国笔友Tom上周来到中国。他对孔子很感兴趣，所以你决定邀请他到曲阜游玩并一起去逛“三孔”（即孔府、孔庙和孔林）。请根据下列要点给他写一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1.表示欢迎；2.行程安排。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
I'm more than glad to learn that you came to China last week.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Look forward to seeing you!
Yours,
Li Hua
答案
1-15.B、D、A、B、A、B、C、D、B、A、D、A、C、C、D
1. April DiDonna在华盛顿的一家商店里工作，当一位顾客在店里下单时，她对他说她爱他。A.needed需要；B.loved爱；C.welcomed欢迎；D.supported支持。根据上文...doing what she can to spread a message of love.以及下文she has told thousands of people "I love you".可知，此处表示爱。故选B。
2. A.factory工厂；B.hotel旅店；C.company公司；D.store商店。根据下文and she simply thanked DiDonna before she left the store可知，此处表示商店。故选D。
3.“它让我的心充满了更多的爱。我知道这三个字对很多人来说意义重大，”DiDonna告诉记者。A.words字；B.letters信 ；C.symbols符号；D.tips技巧。根据April DiDonna正在尽她所能传播爱的信息，对人们说“我爱你”。此处指“我爱你”这三个字。故选A。
4. “我相信，如果我们彼此相爱，世界会更美好。”A.worry担心；B.believe相信；C.explain 解释；D.announce宣布。根据下文中的if we just love each other, the world will be better可知，只要我们彼此相爱，世界就会更美好，这是April DiDonna相信的东西。
5. “爱”的行动还在继续， April DiDonna开始数有多少人对她说了“我爱你”。A.action行动；B.schedule计划；C.puzzle难题；D.method方法。根据上文中的In a year of sadness, one fast food manager is doing what she can to spread a message of love.和下文中的I love you可知，April DiDonna正在尽她所能传播爱的信息，对人们说”我爱你“，这是“爱”的行动。故选A。
6. A.forgetting忘记；B.counting计算，计数； C.imagining想象；D.considering考虑。根据下文中的how many people have said "I love you" back.和About 2,700 customers可知，此处指April DiDonna开始计算有多少人回复“我爱你”。故选B。
7. 自10月3日以来，约有2700名客户回复了这条消息。A.returned返回；B.attended出席；C.replied回复；D.applied申请。根据上文中的DiDonna started (6) how many people have said "I love you" back.可知，April DiDonna开始计算有多少人回复“我爱你”，计算出自十月三日以来已有2700名顾客回复了这条信息。故选C。
8. “有时人们会感到好奇”，DiDonna说。A.thankful感谢的；B.nervous紧张的；C.generous慷慨的；D.curious好奇的。根据下文"Then I just explain it. If people can hate for no (9) , why can't I love "可知，人们会很好奇为什么DiDonna要这么说。
9. 如果人们可以无缘无故地恨，我为什么不能爱呢？A.opinion意见；B.reason原因；C.answer答案；D.choice选择。根据句中的why可知，此处表示原因。故选B。
10. 有一次，一位老太太被她感动了，她在离开商店前感谢了DiDonna，“谢谢你告诉我你爱我。”A.moved感动；B.reminded提醒；C.recognized认出；D.greeted问候。根据下文she simply thanked DiDonna可知，老太太被DiDonna感动了，所以感谢她。故选A。
11. 那位顾客告诉DiDonna她的丈夫已经去世了。A.turned up出现；B.given in屈服；C.taken over接管；D.passed away去世。根据下文老太太说的话I don't have anyone to tell me that they love me anymore,可知，丈夫去世后，没有人再说爱她。故选D。
12. “没有人告诉我他们爱我，”老太太哭着说。A.crying哭；B.shouting大喊大叫；C.waving挥手；D.jumping跳。根据下文she just stayed in my arms with tears in her eyes,可知，老太太哭了。故选A。
13. DiDonna紧紧地抱住了那个老太太。A.officially正式地；B.gracefully优雅地；C.tightly紧紧地；D.eagerly热切地。听到老太太的话，April DiDonna紧紧地拥抱
14. 永远不要厌倦为别人做小事。A.depend on依靠；B.adapt to适应；C.get tired of对……感到厌倦；D.be crazy about着迷于。根据下文Sometimes those things occupy(占据) a(n) (15) part of their hearts.可知，作者劝诫我们不要厌倦为别人做些小事。故选C。
15. 有时这些事情占据了他们心中很大的一部分。A.fascinating迷人的；B.striking引人注目的；C.extra额外的；D.big重大的。分析句意可知，有时这些事情占据了他们心中很大的（big）一部分，D项符合语境。故选D。
16-19.C、D、B、B
16. 根据文章第一段第二句Start of Winter, the 19th solar term of the year, begins this year on Nov 7 and ends on Nov 21. （立冬是一年中的第19个节气，今年立冬节开始于11月7号，结束于11月21号）可知，立冬是二十四节气之一，今年冬季开始于11月7号，故选C。
17. 根据上一句话The weather every year is different, so the beginning of winter could be quite different. （每年的天气都不一样，所以冬天的开始可能很不一样。）可知， it代指上一句中的the beginning of winter。故选D。
18. 根据倒数第二段中的Before the Start of Winter, the ancient emperor would... "welcome the winter".（在立冬之前，古代的皇帝会洗个澡，不再吃肉。在那一天，皇帝会带领他的官员到农村“迎接冬天”），以及最后一段中的 He cooked mutton,hot peppers and herbs to drive out the cold and warm up the body.（他会炖羊肉，辣椒和草药来驱赶寒冷，温暖身体），可知，文章后两段主要讲在古代，立冬节气人们的一些习俗。故选B。
19. 根据文章最后一段最后一句Today there is still a saying that goes "Eat dumplings on Start of Winter Day, or your ears will be frostbitten."（今天仍然有谚语，“立冬时节吃饺子，否则耳朵冻下来”）可知，现在的生活条件提高了，人们吃饺子不再只是为了驱寒，而是是带着一种对自己的美好愿望。故选 B。
20-23.B、A、D、C
20.根据第二段中的Researchers from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center(UT Southwestern) in Dallas collected and analyzed the physical data during Kelly's long stay aboard the ISS（达拉斯德克萨斯大学西南医学中心（UT Southwestern）的研究人员收集并分析了凯利在国际空间站长期停留期间的物理数据）可知，研究人员通过分析收集的信息来进行研究。故选B。
21. 根据第三段中的In an effort to keep their hearts and bodies healthy in space, astronauts are required to perform different kinds of exercises throughout their stay（为了在太空中保持他们的心脏和身体健康，宇航员在逗留期间需要进行各种各样的锻炼）可知，宇航员需要做各种各样的锻炼来使他们的心脏适应太空。故选A。
22. 根据第二段最后一句The team found that during Kelly's stay in space, the left ventricle(心室) of his heart shrank about 0.74 grams per week.（研究小组发现，在凯利停留在太空期间，他的左心室每周收缩约0.74克。）和第四段第一句Reductions in heart size are also seen in patients who spend long periods in bed because they are lying flat and the heart does not have to work as hard to pump（长时间躺在床上的病人也会出现心脏尺寸的缩小，因为他们平躺着，心脏不需要那么辛苦地工作来泵血）以及第四段最后一句The study showed that during Lecomte's swim, his left heart ventricle shrank about 0.72 grams per week（研究表明，在莱科姆特游泳期间，他的左心室每周收缩约0.72克）可知，长时间卧床的病人、长距离职业游泳运动员和长时间在太空旅行的宇航员的心脏都会收缩。故选D。
23. 根据文章第一段第一句A new study suggests that long periods in space can cause the human heart to shrink(缩小）（一项新的研究表明，长时间在太空中会导致人类心脏收缩）以及结合文章内容可知，这篇文章主要讲长期在太空会使人类心脏缩小。24-27.B、C、A、A
24.根据第二段中的The process involved adding a collection of about 6 million unmasked faces and a much smaller collection of masked faces（这一过程包括添加大约600万张未蒙面的脸和更小的蒙面脸）可知，公司在建立这个系统的过程中收集了许多人脸图像，既有戴口罩的，也有不戴口罩的。故选B。
25. 根据第四段（该公司副总裁黄先生表示：“当人们戴着口罩遮住口鼻时，识别率可以达到95%左右，这可以确保大多数人都能被识别。”。他补充说，该系统对不戴口罩的人的成功率约为99.5%。）可知，这种新技术在识别不戴口罩的人脸的准确率方面达到99.5%。故选C。
26. 根据第五段内容（然而，新系统很难识别既戴口罩又戴太阳镜的人。“在这种情况下，所有关键的面部信息都丢失了。在这种情况下，认可是不合格的，”黄说。）可推知，新的系统识别戴着口罩和太阳镜的人比较艰难，在这种情况下，没有所有的关键面部信息，辨别变得艰难。故选A。
27. 根据最后一段中的While some citizens have been against using such tools, the majority have accepted the technology as an effective way to reduce crime and catch criminals.（虽然一些公民反对使用此类工具，但大多数人都认为这项技术是减少犯罪和抓捕罪犯的有效途径。）可知，虽然一些人反对使用这些工具，但大多数人已经接受这种技术是减少不法行为和抓捕罪犯的有效方式，即大部分人对此持赞同态度。故选A。
28-30.B、C、B
28.根据Royal Palace, Oslo, Norway部分中的During the summer months the palace opens to the public on guided tours（在夏季的几个月里，宫殿向公众开放，有导游陪同）可知，Royal Palace，Oslo在夏季向公众开放。故选B。
29.. 根据Royal Palace of Madrid, Spain部分中的While the Royal Palace of Madrid is officially the royal residence, nowadays the Spanish royals choose to live in the Zarzuela Palace instead, with the Madrid Palace used mainly for slate ceremonies.（虽然马德里皇宫是官方的皇家住所，但现在西班牙皇室选择住在Zarzuela宫，马德里宫主要用于国家仪式。）可知，在Royal Palace of Madrid可以看到国家仪式。故选C。
30. 根据Palace of Versailles, France部分中的as well as serving as a museum which preserves some of the finest works by the most gifted painters, sculptors and craftsmen of the time（同时，它也是一座博物馆，保存着当时最有天赋的画家、雕塑家和工匠的一些最优秀的作品）可知，Palace of Versailles里保存了很多艺术品。故选B。
1-10.choice、a、excitedly、relaxed、on、which/that、buildings、travel(l)ing
were、to leave
1-10.connection、which/that、what、bringing、investigated
its、obviously、to make、In、have been taken
Dear Tom，
I'm more than glad to learn that you came to China last week. I express a warm welcome to you. Since you're interested in Confucius, I'm writing to invite you to visit Qufu this weekend.
As you know, Qufu is Confucius' hometown where the Kong Family Mansion, the Temple of Confucius and the Cemetery of Confucius lie. We'll visit the Kong Family Mansion and the Temple of Confucius on Saturday, where we can take some pictures and buy some gifts. On Sunday, we can pay a visit to the Cemetery of Confucius by bus as it's far away from the center of the city. I wish you would accept my invitation.
Look forward to seeing you!
Yours,
Li Hua