(共43张PPT)
The Attributive Clause
定语从句
定语从句（三至四课时）
本单元的定语从句要求：
1.弄清定语从句的基本含义；
2.掌握关系代词（who, whose, whom, which, that)的基本语法；
3.弄清who, whose和who用法上的区别；
4.区分which和that的用法。
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什么是定语？
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短
语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。
定语有限制性和非限制性之分。对中心词来说必不
可少的定语叫限制性定语，一般不用逗号将两者分隔；
只起补充说明、用逗号隔开的定语叫非限制性定语。
e.g. She had many red pencils. ( red作限制性定语）
她有许多红色铅笔。
She had many pencils, red. (red作非限制性定语）
她有许多铅笔，是红色的。
定语通常位于被修饰成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no
构成的复合不定代词或不定式、分词短语、从句作定语
时，则定语通常后置。
定语从句
The Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性定语从句
The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
非限制性定语从句
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限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。
*
*
The watch that I bought yesterday works well.
Shakespeare, whose plays are very popular, was a great writer.
His son who is a doctor is now visiting the USA.
His son, who is a doctor, is now visiting the USA.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：
定义及相关术语
1.定语从句：
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
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2.先行词：
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词：
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 The man that suffers much knows much. 磨难多，见识广。 He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。 Heaven helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。
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关系词有关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose,
等
关系副词有: when, where, why
关系词通常有下列三个作用：
A.引导定语从句；
B.代替先行词；
C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
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找出句中的定语从句：
1.But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual the night.
2.It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.
3.A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
4.The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
5.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
6.Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts
7.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
8.English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.
9.We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography.
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Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
先行词和关系词的关系
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Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质
the machine
a machine
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Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质
a machine
that /which
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关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.
her
The lady
we saw yesterday is Green
Who/that
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指人 指物 主语 宾语
that
which
who
whom
关系代词的用法
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
×
×
×
×
关系代词在从句中可以：
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关系代词的用法练习
The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.
The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.
He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parent’s farm.
1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.
2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.
3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parent’s farm.
The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.
The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.
He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parent’s farm.
关系代词的用法练习
whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。
This is the book whose cover is blue.
This is the book of which the cover is blue.
This is the book the cover of which is blue.
Whose的用法：
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难用的 whose
The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.
The teacher praised the student whose English is
the best in our class.
Join the following pair of sentences.
whose =the student’s
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
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难用的 whose
The house is mine. The window of the house is broken.
Join the following pair of sentences.
The house whose window is broken is mine.
whose=the house’s window
The house is mine.
the window of which is broken
of which the window is broken
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关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。（用which或that填空）
All ______ can be done has been done.
Do you have anything ________ you don’t understand
There is little _______ can be believed about it .
The book doesn’t say much ________ amuses children.
that
that
that
that
1.先行词是all , everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that 。
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I’ve read all the books ________ you lent me.
No sample ________ we nave received is satisfactory.
Please send us any information ________ you have about the subject.
He is the only person _________ was present at the time.
that
that
that
that
2.先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。
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Hamburg is the most beautiful city _______I’ve ever seen.
This is the best TV _______ is made in China.
The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum.
that
that
that
3.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。
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The famous writer and his works _________ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.
A victim is a person, animal or thing ________ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.
that
that
4.先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that .
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5.关系代词在从句中作表语，或先行词指物且在主句中作表语.
My hometown is no longer the place _____it used to be.
He didn’t become the kind of person _____ his father wanted him to be.
It is a song _____ is very popular.
It ‘s a book _____ will help you a lot.
that
that
that
that
*
*
Who _______ you have ever seen can do it better
Who _______ you are talking to is the young fellow
that
that
6.Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that 。
下列情况只能用which:
1.非限定性的定语从句
2.介词后面
His dog, ___________was very old now, became ill and died.
Which is the car, the owner of __________ you know
*
which
which
1.He did all / everything _______he could to help me.
2.This is the very thing _______ I am after.
3.We talked about the men and the things _______
we remembered at school.
4.He is the only man _______ can do the work.
5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
6.He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked
with.
7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.
8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.
作业：1. 用 that , which ， who，whom or whose填空：
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
*
*
*
9.Is there anything else _______ you want to say
10.Any person _______ has the money can join
the group.
11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,
_______ made others upset.
12.He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy.
13.The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.
14.The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up
by his father.
that
that
which
which
whom
whose
2.改错：
1.Who is the man whom you said hello just now
2.This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.
3.Those that want to go put up your hands.
4.It is one of the best pictures which have been sold.
5.A plane is a machine can fly.
_______
that
_____
which
____
who
______
that
^
which
6.Do you know the young man whom has been chosen chairman
7.This is the only book that were borrowed from the library.
8.The watch that Mother bought it for me works very well
9.The man came yesterday is our English teacher.
10.He left me the book ,that is very useful for me.
____
who
____
was
\
it
\
＾
who
____
which
3.巩固练习：
1. 2008陕西卷）13. The man pulled out a gold watch, _________ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of D. the hands of which
D.“表的指针”是用钻石造的。这里涉及到了所有关系。在定语从句中，对于事物的所有关系我们可以使用whose + 名词，the + 名词 + of which 或of which the + 名词这三种形式。D项符合 the + 名词 + of which 结构，所以是正确的。
D
2.（2009.天津卷）5. A person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever
C.定语从句关系词辨析。分析句子结构可知，a person 作整个句子的主语，而a person 合e-mail count的关系是所有关系，故选C符合。
3.（10四川）10．After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling， turned out to be a wise decision．
A．that B．which C．when D．where
B。此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。句意为：“大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。”
7.Yang Liwei spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons ________ none of us has ever heard of in CCTV station.
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
选D。 当先行词同时出现人和物时，只能用that指代
8.The most important thing _____ we should pay attention to is the first thing ____ I have said.
A. which; that B. that; which
C. which; which D. that; that
D。当先行词被形容词的最高级、序数词或the only，the very等修饰时，定语从句要用that引导，而不能用which。
9. She was not the woman ________ she was before.
A. what B. who
C. that D. where
C。关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，只用that，关系代词作从句she was的表语。
10.This is the bag ________ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
A。先行词the bag是事物，who，whom表示人，this是指示代词，故选关系代词that。
11.This is Mr. Smith, ________ I think has something interesting to tell you.
A. who B. whom
C. that D. /
A。去掉非限制性定语从句中的插入语I think后，可以看出引导词在从句中作主语，故选who。
12. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ______, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
B。此句是整个句子作先行词的非限定性定语从句，of course是插入语，关系代词which代替整个主句。
13. He never reads anything _______ is not worth reading.
A. as B. which C. who D. that
D。当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句常用that而不用which引导。
18.（2012陕西卷14.）It is the third time that she has won the race, ________ has surprised us all.
A. that a where C which D. what
【答案】C【解析】分析句子结构可知，逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，先行词为上句话内容，关系词在从句中做主语，因此，应该使用which来作为引导词。因此，正确答案为C选项。
19.(2012北京卷) When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
技巧点拨：在题干中，“______ he often was”为非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作表语，由此结合选项可知，B选项符合题意。A选项不引导非限制性定语从句，可排除；而C和D选项引导定语从句时，在从句中作状语，不合题意，也可排除。因此，正确答案为B选项(共88张PPT)
定语从句的重点和难点
重点：1.如何选用关系词？
2.介词+关系代词
3.whose的用法
难点：4.as和which的使用
5.各从句夹杂定语从句的综合运用
为什么用定语从句
当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。
这是我的杯子
This is my cup.
这是装满水的杯子。
This is the cup full of tea.
这是我喝茶用的杯子。
This is the cup which I drink tea with
知识准备
什么是定语
用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句
My brother bought me a beautiful dress.
He works very hard at his lessons.
We belong to the third world.
Do you know the man coming to us
We must find ways to work out this problem.
He is a boy of not more than seventeen.
The man who is speaking to my father is our headteacher.
什么是定语从句
相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。
名词/代词 + 定语从句
改写：
I thank the teacher.
He helped me a lot.
I thanked the teacher who / that helped me a lot. （主语）
I know the man whom you are looking for.
1.先行词：
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
2.关系词：
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词通常有下列三个作用
A.引导定语从句；
B.代替先行词；
C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有:
that, which, who, whom, whose,
as
关系副词有: when, where, why
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句
1．that
先行词：人或物， 从句成分：主语或宾语（作宾语时常可省略）
The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
2. which
先行词：物，从句成分：主语或宾语 （做宾语时常可省略）
The factory which makes computers is far away from here.
The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.
3.who
先行词：人，从句成分：主语,宾语（可省略）。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.
4. whom
先行词：人，从句成分：宾语（常可省略）
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see.
5. whose
先行词：人或物，从句成分：定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.
whose的转换形式
指物时，常用下列结构来代替
Whose引导的从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：
即whose+名词=the +n + of which
He lives in the room whose window faces south.
= He lives in the room, __________faces south.
：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
改：
The classroom, the door--- ----- is broken will soon be repaired.
6. AS
先行词：人或物， 从句成分：主语或宾语
such+名词+ as
such（pron.)+ as
the same +名词 + as
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
This book is not such as I expect.
As is expected, he has been absent.
such...as...引导的定从与
such...that...引导的状从区别
This is such an interesting book ___as_ we all like.
This is so interesting a book ___as__ we all like.
This is such an interesting book __that__we all like it.
This is so interesting a book _that___we all like it.
辨析：
He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.
He is such a clever boy as everyone likes .
练习：
1. The house ____ windows face to the north belongs to him.
2. The man ______ you met just now is my old friend.
3. The man ____is walking on the playground is my old friend.
4. Take the book ____ is lying on the table.
5. She is such a girl ____ is always finding fault with other people.
关系副词：
When
先行词：时间， 从句成分：时间状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
The time when we got together finally arrived.
Where
先行词：地点， 从句成分：地点状语
This is the house where I was born.
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised .
Is this the place where they fought the enemy
3. 高考对关系副词 where 的考查
先行词由明显的地点—— 地点的模糊化
事实上，where 不能只理解为表地点。
当先行词为situation，case，stage， point等，且定语从句不缺成分，用where。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
I can think of many cases where you know nothing about.
why
先行词：原因， 从句成分：原因状语
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
关系副词 =
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示
when = 表时间的介词（in, at,on,during等）+ which
where= 表地点的介词（in, at, on ,under等）+ which
why= 表原因的介词（for）+ which
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. ( = on which)
Great changes are taking place in the city where they live. （= in which）
The reason why he refused the invitation is quite clear. （= for which）
（三）介词+关系代词
(1) 介词后的关系词只有 whom 和which, 且不能省略。 (指人） (指物）
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.
注意：
That 前绝不能有介词
2. where/when = 介词+ 关系代词（which).有时为了表达清楚，
还可以在where/when 前加from 或to 等。
China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea,Thailand and India.
4. “介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few
等代词或者数词。
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.
5. 在非限中，“介词+which/whom 从句”结构中的介词不能移到从句后面
He has visited Xinhua High school for several times, in which he has many friends.
6. " 复合介词短语+ 关系代词which” 引导的定从常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句用倒装。
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.
介词的选用原则
Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:
1.I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me
2. The student ______ whom we weretalking just now is the best student in our class.
A on B in C about D without
3. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.
A with B without C in D on
on
about
without
一先
二动
三意义
（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
B.非限制性定语从句 用逗号与主句隔开。只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。通常译成主句的并列句。
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
China is a country which has a long history.
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa.
限制性定语从句举例：
非限制性定语从句举例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.
注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：
1. Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to
go to college.
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）
Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her
to go to college.
她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含： 她只有一个哥哥。）
2. All the books that have pictures in them are well written.
所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含： 不带插图的书则不一定写得好。）
All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.
所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含： 没有不带插图的书。）
（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况
先行词为 every-/any-/some-/no-(thing/body)等不定复合代词时。
we should do something that is useful to people.
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
You can take any seat that is free.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
The best/first that I could do was to apologize.
(4)先行词既有人也有物的时候。
The people and the buildings that comes to my mind is No1 middle school.
(5)当主语是以who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句时.
Which is the bike that you lost
Who is the boy that won the gold media
(6)先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that I’m looking for.
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns.
(二）只用which引导的定语从句
（1）引导非限制性定语从句
（2） 代表整个句子的意思
He had failed in the math exam, which made his father very angry.
（3）介词+关系代词
This is the room in which my father lived last year.
（4）先行词后面有插入语时，只用which，不用that。
Here is the English grammar book which, as I've told you, will help you improve your English.
（三）关系代词as和which 引导的定语 从句
as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 相同之处：
1. 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。
He married her, as / which was natural.
He is honest, as / which we can see.
不同点：
（1）位置
as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。
which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
He is from the south, as we can know from his accent.
John, as you know, is a famous writer.
Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I don’t believe.
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
（2）当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：
Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry.
These tables are made of metal, which made them very heavy.
(3)先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，用as， 如： be known, be said, be reported, be announced, be mentioned 等
She has been absent again, as is expected.
（4）当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells.
He is not such a fool as he looks.
This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.
注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
(三) 以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。
The way (that / in which/不填 ) he answered the questions was surprising.
不同：
The way ( that/ which/ 不填）he explained to us was quite simple.
（四）关系代词与关系副词的选择
用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）.
A.
I know a place where we can have a picnic.
I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
Compare :
B.
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.
I will never forget the days that / which we spent
together.
C.
This is the reason why he was dismissed.
This is the reason that / which he explained to me for
his not attending the meeting.
（六）定语从句与同位语从句的区别
区别一：
定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。
The fact that he has already died is quite clear.
The plane that has just taken off is for Paris.
定语从句
同位语从句
区别二：
定语从句关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，有时可省
同位语从句主要由连词that
引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；
有时也由where, when, how, who, whether, what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。
The news that he told me is true.
The news that he has just died is true.
The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.
The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
The question that he raised puzzled all of us.
The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.
3．同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词 be 发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。
A. The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.
The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
B. The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.
The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.
C. Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild animals.
The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.
1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, _____ made the others unhappy.
A. which B. who C. this
D. what
2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _______ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. when C. that D. where
3. The gentleman _______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
4. Please take any seat ____ is free.
A. which B. where C. in which D. that
5. The old man has two sons, _______ is a soldier.
A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them
6. This is the ship _______ we crossed the Pacific(太平洋).
A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which
7. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_____ has more than 100 storeys.
A. the higher of them B. the highest of which
C. the highest of them D. some of which
8. My home village is no longer the same _____ it used to be.
A. which B. as C. where D. when
9. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ______ many people have gone home.
A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time
10. The boy ______ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.
A. who B. whose C. that
D. which
11. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
12. Mr. Wang is a boss, ______ factory Li Ping worked.
A. in whose B. whose C. in whom D. of which
13. I don't like the way_____ you speak to her.
A. / B. that C. in which D. All A, B, and C
14. I shall never forget the years _______ I lived in the country with the farmers, —————— has a good effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who
15. _____ is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 year’s time.
A. What B. That C. As D. It
16. Is this book _____ you want to borrow from the library
A. that B. which C. the one D. /
17. Such a book ______ you showed me is difficult to understand.
A. that B. which C. as D. like
18. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _____ were popular then.
A. / B. that C. which D. who
19. This is the store ______ we visited the famous shop assistants.
A. where B. there C. that D. which
20. I’m going to spend my holiday in Beijing, _____ live my old parents.
A. which B. that C. where D. there
21. If a shop has chairs ______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
22.—why does she always ask you for help
—there is no one else ______, is there
A. who to turn to B. she can turn to
C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn
23.The place _______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ______ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where B. at which; which
C. at which; where D. which; in which(共21张PPT)
The Attributive Clause
定语从句
Learning Objectives
To know the definition of the attributive clause.
To learn to use relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose.
To learn to use relative adverbs: when, where, why.
Lord I'm doing all I can. To be a ______ man.
You are safe in my heart. And ______ heart will go on and on.
Never mind, I'll find someone _______.
I will not make the same mistakes ______ you did.
The Attribute
better
my
like you
that
形容词
代词
介词短语
句子
The Attribute
Which one do you like best
I like the red phone best.
I like the largest ring best.
定语：修饰、限定名词或代词的成分。
我最喜欢红色的手机。
我最喜欢最大的戒指。
The Attribute Clause
Definition:在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句
I will not make the same mistakes that you did.
定语从句
关系词
先行词
先行词：
走在前面的词——被修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：
引导定语从句的词。
关系词的作用
1.引导定语从句。
2. 代替先行词在定语从句中充当成分。
Enjoy some proverbs
1. God helps those who help themselves.
2. All that glitters is not gold.
3. He who laughs last laughs best.
4. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
天助自助者
闪光的未必都是金子
谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好
不到长城非好汉
Discover the usage of relative pronouns:
1. which
1) I planted a seed which finally grew out of the fruit.
2) The fish (which ) we bought were not fresh.
在从句中作__________，指物。
主语或宾语
2. that
在从句中作_________，指人或物。
主语或宾语
1) A plane is a machine that can fly.
2)The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
Discover the usage of relative pronouns:
3. who
1) The students who are hardworking are from class 5.
2) The teacher who he talked to is Mr. Zhao.
在从句中作__________，指人。
主语或宾语
4. whom
在从句中作________，指人。
宾语
The teacher whom he talked to is Mr. Zhao.
Discover the usage of relative pronouns:
5. whose
在从句中作______，指人或物。
“……的”
1) There is a beautiful girl whose name is Xiaowei.
2) This is the book whose cover is yellow.
定语
The usage of relative pronouns
指人 指物 subject (主语) object (宾语) attribute（定语）
which
that
who
whom
whose
Discover the usage of the relative adverbs:
1.when
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
表示时间，在从句中作________，其先行词一般是表示时间的名词。
时间状语
2.where
China is the only country where pandas can be found.
3.why
He didn’t give the reason why he came so early.
表示地点，在从句中作________，其先行词一般是表示地点的名词。
地点状语
表示原因，在从句中作________，其先行词一般是reason。
原因状语
Discover the usage of the relative adverbs:
考点点拨：选择关系副词时注意事项
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
I will never forget the days __________ we spent together.
which/that
1.若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词which或that
2.若定语从句中缺少状语，则用关系副词when, where ,why
缺宾语
The usage of relative adverbs
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的成分
when
where
why
表时间的名词
表地点的名词
reason
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
How to choose the right relatives
关系词 先行词 定语从句中充当的成分
关系代词 which 指人或物 主语、宾语
that 指物 主语、宾语
who 指人 主语、宾语
whom 指人 宾语
whose ……人/物的 定语
关系副词 when 时间 状语
where 地点 状语
why 原因 状语
先看先行词，分清人或物。后看从句里，有无主宾语。
Join the two sentences together
Our new school is beautiful.
Our new school lies at the foot of Sifang mountain.
Our new school ___________________________ ________ is beautiful.
which/that lies at the foot of Sifang
mountain
Our teaching buildings _______________________ are surrounded by flowers and trees.
Our teaching buildings are surrounded by flowers and trees.
Our teaching buildings are well-equipped.
which/that are well-equipped
Join the two sentences together
Our canteen is covered with snow.
We have delicious food in our canteen.
Our canteen _________________________ is covered with snow.
where we have delicious food
Join the two sentences together
Our teacher ____________________ teaches us English.
Our teacher teaches us English.
Our teacher has small eyes.
who/that has small eyes
Join the two sentences together
Our classmate is ready to help others.
Our classmate’s smile is very sweet.
Our classmate ______________________ is ready to help others.
whose smile is very sweet
Join the two sentences together
An introduction of our school
We still remember the day ______ we first came to our new school. We were deeply impressed by the school gate _________ has a grand stone with our school name. There are many buildings _______ we can have different activities. For example, we study in the teaching buildings _________ are well-equipped. We play in the bright gym ______we have PE classes. We eat in the canteen _______ food is quite delicious. This is our new school ______________ we love very much. Apart from the fully functional buildings and the beautiful environment, we love our teachers _______ are patient to us. We love our classmates _________________ we spend the precious time with. Above is our reason _____ we love our school.
which/that
which/that/不填
whose
when
where
which/that
where
why
who/that
whom/who/that/不填
Summary
What have you learned from this class
