(共24张PPT)
I. 由and连接的名词作主语时:
1.由and连接的两个不同概念的名词作主语时，动词要用复数：
e.g. Both you and I are going to attend the meeting.
What he has said and what he has done agree with each other.
2.如果后面加“，”, 谓语的数看前面的主语。
e.g. Black, and not Mary, was chosen monitor.
She, and not you, is going to speak at the meeting.
3.主语前面分别由each，every，no等词来修饰时，动词用单数。以many a或more than one修饰的单数名词后面的谓语用单数形式，但其意义是复数性的。
e.g. Each doctor and each nurse was sent for.
Every boy and every girl is able to go to school now.
Many a boy is fond of playing football.
More than one student enjoys folk-music.
No teacher and no student agrees to have classes on Sunday.
注：如果并列的两个名词前分别加定冠词,则变成复数概念，此时，动词仍用复数形式。
e.g. The boy and the girl were each given an apple.
4.当and连接的为同一人、事或概念时，这时and后的名词前没有冠词，其动词用单数：
e.g. The singer and composer is coming to our school.
Bread and butter is often served for breakfast.
Pork and Chinese cabbage is one of my favourite dishes.
常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：the needle and thread, salt and water, the fork and knife, soap and water, iron and steel, science and technology等。
5.谓语动词的数不受修饰成分的影响，仍与主语一致。
常见的有：with, along with, together with, as well as, like,no less than, rather than, more than, as much as, but, except, besides, including等。
e.g. The old man, along with his grandson, had to speed up his steps.
Russian, as well as English, is taught in our school.
Bamboo, like a tree, grows tall and straight.
The house, including the garden and the garage, was sold out.
II.当集合名词做主语时：
根据句子内容，谓语动词既可是单数，也可是复数。
常用集合名词有：group, class, team, family, nation, army, audience, crowd, public, government, police。
e.g. The whole nation regard Premier Zhou as one of the greatest leaders.
My family is a happy family.
My family all love music.
The audience was in good order. (指整体状态)
The audience were greatly encouraged.( 指具体的人)
注：有些集合名词如people、cattle等在任何情况下都与复数形式搭配。
III.就近原则：
以连词or，either…or，nor，neither…nor，not only…but (also)...连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语与其相邻的保持一致。
e.g. You or I am going to meet Prof. Li at the station.
Among the boys, one or two are able to jump 1.6 metres.
Neither Mary nor her parents were invited to the party.
There is a bed, a table and two chairs in her room.
IV. 以某些“不定代词或表示数量的词+of+名词”结构，谓语形式要与of后边的名词保持一致。
e.g.
70 percent of the surface is covered with water.
70 percent of the farmers have improved their
living conditions.
The rest of his journey was pleasant.
The rest of the girls are fond of music.
All of your work is well done.
All of your answers are correct.
注意：
1. one of +复数名词+（单）谓语，如：
One of the students is from the south.
2. one of+复数名词+定语从句（从句动词用复数），如：
He is one of the boys who are ready to help others.
3. the (only) one of+名词（复数）+定语从句，从句中谓语动词用单数，表示众多中只有一个，如：
He is the only one of the students who comes early.
4. a number of和the number of
e.g. The number of the students in the school is 1,250.
A number of students are waiting outside the gate.
V. “the + adj.”结构起名词作用时：
如果这个结构表示的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形
式，如果这个结构表示抽象概念（或具体的某个
人），谓语用单数形式。
e.g. The old are being taken good care of.
There is an old man and a young man in the room now. The old is the father of the young.
The unexpected was not prevented in those days.
VI. 表示重量、距离、金钱、一段时间及由one and a half修饰的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：
e.g.
Twenty dollars isn’t enough to buy the book.
Ten miles isn’t long.
Five times five is twenty-five.
One and a half apples is lying on the plate.
Please make the best choice!
Multiple Choice
1.Nobody but them _____to know about the matter.
A. want B. wants C. have wanted D. were wanted
2.20% of the work of the whole year ___finished by their group last month.
A. has been B .had been C. were D. was
B
D
3.A knife and fork ____on the table.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
4.Neither his parents nor his wife ____anything about it.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
5.Five dollars ____too much for a ticket.
A. seems B. seem C. seem to be D .are
A
B
A
6.Not only the teacher but also the students ______the change.
A. object to B. objects to C. object D. objects
7.Every means ________tried since then.
A. has been B. have been C. are D. is
8. This pair of trousers ________my sister.
A. is belong to B. are belong C. belong to D. belongs to
9. Our team ________defeated by theirs last Sunday. A. was B .had been C. has been D. have been
A
A
D
A
1.I , who a teacher must be strict and careful in everything. A.is B.am
2.What the population of Beijing A.is B.are
3. The Chinese a great people. A.is B.are
4.A woman with a baby coming here. A.is B.are 5.The girl as well as the boys learned to drive a car. A.has B.have
6.To finish the work hard work. A.needs B.need 7.No teacher and student in the school. A.is B.are
8.Whenever anything ,please stay here quietly. A.happens B.happen. 9. Many a man the story. A.believes B.believe
B
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
10.More than five men died in the accident. A.has B.have
11. there any police around A.Is B.Are 12.My trousers dirty. A.is B.are
13.A pair of glasses lying on the chair. A.is B.are 14.A year and a half already passed. A.has B.have
15.The number of the students who part in the entrance examination great. A.takes,is B.takes,are C.take,is D.take,are
16.Twelve percent of the workers here women. A.is B.are
17.His family not very large. A. is B.are 18.His family watching TV. A.is B are
B
B
B
A
A
C
B
A
B
1. Do you know ________.
A. what is the police looking for
B. what are the police looking for
C. what the police are looking for
D. what the police is looking for
2. _____ he ______ I finished the experiment
A. Have neither/nor B. Has neither/nor
C. Have neither/or D. Have either /or
3. The old ____ well looked after by the government in China.
A. is B. are C. has been D. was
4.The secretary and manager ______ very busy now.
A. is B. are C. has been D. were
C
B
B
A
5. Both the secretary and the manager ______ agreed to attend the meeting.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
6. During the holidays every train and ship ______ crowded.
A. are B. were C. was D. has
7. Tom as well as two of his classmates _____ invited to the party.
A.was B. were C. have been D.had been
8. Most of his spare time _____spent in reading.
A. are B. were C. was D. have been
B
C
A
C
9.Ten thousand dollars ______ quite a large sum.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
10.About 20 percent of the work _____ done yesterday.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
11.When and where to build the new factory ______ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
12.The United States _____ founded in 1776.
A. was B. is C. were D. are
B
D
A
A
13.This pair of shoes _____ made in our factory.
A. is B. are C. have been D. had been
14.No one except my parents _____ anything about it.
A. know B. knows
C. is knowing D. have known
15.A number of students ______ from the south.
A. are B. is C. have D. has
16.The number of students from the south _____ small.
A. are B. is C. have D. has
A
B
A
B
17.John is the only one of the students in our class who ____ to school on foot.
A. go B. goes C. have gone D. are going
18.It is not I who ______ wrong.
A. is B. are C. am D. has been
19.He said that his family ____ all very well.
A. are B. were C. is D. was
20.One and a half apples _______ on the table.
A. is leaving B. is left C. are left D. left
21.Where ____ that five pounds I lent you
A. is B. have C. was D. were
B
C
B
B
A
22." I " _____ the ninth letter of the English Alphabet.
A. are B. be C. is D. am
23.Six times seven ______ forty-two.
A. are B. is C. have D. was
24.The United States _____ made up of 50 states, one of which ______Kentucky.
A. is /are B. is/is C. are/is D. are/are
25.The population of the city ______ increasing fast.
A. were B. be C. is D. are
C
B
B
C
26.One third of the population here ______ workers.
A. is B. have C. be D. are
27.Now the police ____ searching the town for the lost child.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
28.Two of them will go first, the rest ______ to stay.
A. is B. are C. used D. has
29.He was the one of the students who ______ praised at the meeting.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
30.The scientist and professor ____ left for Russia.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
D
D
B
A
B(共44张PPT)
主谓一致
主谓一致是指英语句子主语和谓语在人称和数方面的一致。
谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致。
China is a country with a long history.
The questions raised by Tom are very important.
(1) 如果主语后面跟有with、together with,
along with, but, except, like, in addition to,
including, besides, as well as, as much as,
rather than, more than 等短语再加一个
名词时，谓语动词仍与主语（第一个词）
保持一致。如：
1. A library together with 5000 books _____
given to our school as a gift.
2. Mr. Johnson as well as his wife and children
______ visiting the Great Wall now.
3. All but Tom________ gone to the cinema.
语法一致
was
is
have
(2) 用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是
同一个人、同一事物或同意概念时，
谓语动词用______，否则用_____。如：
1. A teacher and writer ____ going to give us
a speech.
2. Bread and butter_____ usually my breakfast.
3. The professor and scientist _____ already
come.
4. A teacher and a writer______ in the office.
语法一致
is
is
has
are
单数
复数
(3) 不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或主语
从句作主语时，谓语动词用_____。如：
1. To learn English well______ effort.
2. Serving the people_____my great
happiness.
3. When we’ll go for an outing_____ not
been decided yet.
4. How he can speak so good English
____________ us all.
语法一致
单数
takes
is
has
interests
(4) 用 and 连接的并列主语被each，every，no 或 many a 修饰时，谓语动词用_______。如：
1. Each boy and each girl ______ been given
a gift.
2. No teacher and no student _____ in the
classroom.
3. Every pen and every book _____________
( lay ) on the desk already.
4. Many a boy and many a girl _____ interested in
her lesson.
has been laid
语法一致
单数
has
is
is
(5) each of + 复数代词，谓语动用_____。
复数代词 + each，谓语动词用______。如：
1. Each of us _____ something to say.
2. Each of them _____ been given a piece
of bread.
3. We each _____ a dictionary.
4. They each ______ done their work.
语法一致
单数
复数
has
has
have
have
语法一致
(6) none作主语，修饰可数名词复数时，
谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，但修饰
不可数名词时，谓语动词只能用_____。
如：
1.None of us _______ perfect.
2.None of these books _______ mine.
3.None of his money _____ been found again.
4.None of this _________me.
单数
are(is)
are(is)
has
worries
belongs to
语法一致
(7) 名词如trousers, scissors, glasses, goods ,
clothes 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用_____，
但当它们前面有a pair of 或 one pair of 修饰
时，谓语动词只能用_____。如：
1. My trousers ______ black.
2. His glasses _____ expensive.
3. A pair of trousers ______ on my bed.
4. A pair of glasses _______ given to me
as a gift.
复数
单数
are
are
lies
was
语法一致
(8) 形复意单名词如：news; 以-ics结尾的学科
名词如：physics, mathematics, economics;
国名如：the United States;
报纸如: the New York Times;
书名如：Arabian Nights《天方夜谭》；
以及the United Nations 等作主语时，
谓语动词要用______。如：
1. Arabian Nights ___ full of interesting stories.
2. The New York Times ____ a popular reading
material for Americans.
3. Physics ______ my favourite subject.
单数
is
is
is
语法一致
(9) “a/an + 名词 + and a half”,
“one and a half + 名词”
“the number of + 名词” 等作主语时，
谓语动词要用______。如：
1. An apple and a half ____ on the table.
2. One and a half days _____ passed.
(A day and a half )
4. The number of the students in our
class _____63.
单数
is
has
is
语法一致
(10) 百分数（或分数）+ of + 可数名词单数
（或不可数名词）谓语动词用______；
百分数（或分数）+ of + 可数名词复数，
谓语动词用______。 如：
1. Twenty percent of land _____ been turned
into a playground.
2. Two thirds of the apple _____ rotten.
3. Sixty percent of the workers in the
factory _______ women.
单数
复数
has
is
are
语法一致
Many a/an + n. + V(_____)+ O.
表示复数的意思，译作 “很多……”。如：
1.Many a student __________ the professor's
lecture every week.
2.Many a teacher _______ resigned(辞职).
3.Many an apple _______ gone bad.
4.Many a mistake _______ been made by him.
单数
attends
has
has
has
语法一致
（12） A (large) quantity of + N. + V + O. 动词的数由名词决定；
A (large) ammount of + N. (不可数名词）+ V (单三）+ O.
谓语动词用单数;
但是: Large quantities of + N. (pl.or uc）+ V (复数）+ O.
Large ammounts of + N. (不可数名词）+ V (复数）+ O.
谓语动词用复数。
1.A large quantity of sugar _____ been put in
the boiled water.
2.Large quantities of money ______ been
wasted on the project.
3.A large ammount of time _____been spent
on English.
4.Large ammounts of time ______ been saved
by the new invention.
has
have
has
have
语法一致
(13)“This kind of + 复数名词” 作主语时，
谓语动词用_____；
“复数名词 + of this kind” 作主语时，
谓语动词用_____。如：
1.This kind of apples _____imported
from America.
2.Apples of this kind ______ imported
from America.
单数
复数
was
were
语法一致
(14) “A/An + 单数名词 + or two” 作主语时，
谓语动词用_____；
“One or two + 复数名词” 作主语时，
谓语动词用______。如：
1.A day or two ____ enough for this work.
2.One or two days ______ enough for
this work.
3.A man or two _____ to be sent there to
help them.
4.One or two men ______to be sent there to
help them.
单数
复数
is
are
is
are
语法一致
（15）“A set of + 复数名词” 及
“A series of + 复数名词” 作主语时，
谓语动词用_____。如：
1. A series of debates ____ scheduled
for the weekend.
2. The sales man told me that a good
set of tires _____guaranteed to run
at least fifty thousand miles.
单数
was
was
语法一致
(16) 在 “one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句” 结构中，
定语从句中谓语动词的用_____；但如果one
前面有the only 修饰时，定于从句的谓语
动词只能用_______。 如：
1.Mary is one of the students who _____
been invited to sing at the concert.
2.Mary is the only one of the students who
_____ been invited to sing at the concert.
复数
单数
have
has
(1)不定代词all, most, some 等作主语时，
谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所指代的
名词的数。如：
内容一致
内容一致
（2）”the + 形容词（或分词）” 指一类人，
如：the rich (富人), the living (活着的人),
the wounded (伤者）作主语时,谓语动词
用_______。 如：
1.The sick ______ been cured and
the lost ______ been found.
2.The rich ____eager to help the poor.
3.The wounded ______ been taken good
care of .
4.The living _______ to cheer up and
continue to live.
复数
have
have
are
have
have
内容一致
(3) 用and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看做一个整体时，
如：bread and butter(面包加黄油), knife and fork(刀叉)
等作主语时，谓语动词用______。如：
单数
内容一致
（4）不定数量的词组，如：a part of, a lot of,
lots of, one third of, plenty of 等作主语时，
谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所修饰的名词。如：
1. A part of the textbooks ______ arrived.
2. A part of the apple ____ been eaten up
by the rat.
3. A lot of people ______ heard the news.
4. A lof of money ______ been spent on
this project.
have
has
have
has
内容一致
(5) 表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等的名词作
主语，尽管是复数形式，它们作为一个单
一的概念时，其谓语动词用____形式。如：
1. One million dollars ___ a lot of money.
2. Ten miles ____ a long distance.
3. Two years ____ enough to learn a foreign
language.
单数
is
is
is
就近一致
(1)由连词or, either … or, neither … nor, not only …
but also, not … but 等连接并列主语，谓语动词与靠
近它的主语保持一致。如：
1. Neither the students nor the teacher
________ anything about it.
2. He or you _______ taken my pen.
3. Not only Tom but I _____ satisfied with
the result.
4. Not only he but also we _____ interested
in the film.
5. There_____a pen, two books and three
pencils on the desk.
knows
have
am
are
is
（一）谓语动词为单数的情况
1.every…and(every)…,each…and(each)…,no…and(no)… ,many a…and (many a)…连接两个单数名词作主语。
Every desk and every chair is made of wood.
Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.
2. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主语。
Each of the students has a book.
3. none/ neither/ either/more than one / one and half +复数名词 作主语
4.clothing,furniture, traffic, jewelry, baggage, equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词(不可数)作主语
Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.
总结：主谓一致
5 以s 结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。
Physics is a difficult subject.
Five Golden Flowers is a popular film.
6 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。
Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.
1000 dollars is a lot of money.
7. 由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所构成的不定代词作主语
8. 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。
Collecting stamps is what he likes.
Whatever was left was taken away.
（二）谓语动词为复数的情况
1. 由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out.
2. people , police, cattle 。trousers,glasses作主语。
The police are looking for the missing child.
3. 由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s 结尾的专有名词作主语。
The Olympic Games are held once every four years.
4. a number of /quantities of /a group of +名词作主语
5.the +adj.表一类人 6.the +姓的复数形式。
9. 当and不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或由两个部件配成的物品时。
My best friend and deskmate is coming to see me.
One more fork and knife is needed.
10. 四则运算用单数
㈢ 谓语动词单、复数依具体情况而定
1.由or,either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also... , not…but等连接的并列主语，或there be句型中，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词保持一致。
Not only he but also I am invited.
Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.
There is a desk and two chairs in the room.
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
2. “with /along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no less than / besides / rather than +名词”置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.
My parents no less than I are glad to see you.
4. 集合名词作主语时，如果强调整体时，谓语动词用单数，如果强调整体中的成员时用复数。 主要有group family army government enemy population class team等
1．His family _______ a small one．
2．His family _______ fat and short．
A．is，is B．are，are C．is，are D．are，is
This class consists of 45 students. Mr Green teaches it．
这个班45个学生，由格林先生教。
This class are all diligent. Mr Green teaches them.
这个班的学生都很用功，由格林先生教。
The team is the best in the league．这个队在联赛中打得最好。
The football team are having baths．足球队队员们在洗澡。
但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：
1. 有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing 衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggage／luggage 行李，furniture家俱，machinery 机械，scenery 景色，jewellery珠宝等。
2. 有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。
all 指人时用复数，指物时用单数，none 指可数名词用单复数都可以，指不可数，用单数。All are here . All is going on well . None of the buses have / has left .
5. 分数，百分数+of 名词，the rest of , some of , half of , most of , all of + 名词看名词的单复数。
More than two thirds of the surface is covered with water .
6.
6. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语，谓语与先行词一致。
I , who am your teacher , will support you all the time .
He is one of the students who have passed the examination .
He is the only one of the students who has passed the examination .
7. 单复数同形的词deer , sheep , means ，species要判断好单数和复数
Every means has been tried .
Sheep live on grass .
并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致 ？
1. You or he _______ to blame．你或他有一人要受责备。
2. _______ you or he to blame 受责备的是你还是他？
A．is，Is B．are，Are C．is，Are D． are，Is
在通常情况下，两个并列主语由or，either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but（also）等连接时，其谓语通常与第二个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致，但是，在疑问句中则通常与第一个主语（即临近的一个主语）保持一致。
1．One or two days ____ enough to see the city．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
2．Neither my wife nor I myself ____ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
3．Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
4．Not the teacher，but the students ____ looking forward to seeing the film．
A．is B．are
C．am D．be
1．Nobody but Betty and Mary ____ late for class yesterday．
A．was B．were
C．has been D．have been
2．A woman with some children ____ soon．
A．is coming B．are coming
C．has come D．have come
3．No one except my parents ____ anything about this。
A．know B．knows
C．is known D．are known
4．The teacher as well as the students ____ the book already．
A．has read B．have read
C．are reading D．is reading
5．All but one ____ in the accident．
A．was killed B．were killed
C．will be killed D．are killed
下列结构的谓语应与哪个主语保持一致？
A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift．
A．is offered B．has offered
C．are offered D．have offered
用连词and连接的两个并列主语，其谓语要用复数，但是若主语跟有with, like, but, except, besides, including, together with, along with, as well as, more than, no less than, rather than等连接的另一个名词，其谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。
1. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
2. A library with five thousand books ___to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
3. When and where to build the new factory ___ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
4. The number of people invited ___fifty, but a number of them ___ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were
5. E-mail, as well as telephones, ___ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
6. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
强化练习
1.The worker and writer ____(is/are) from Wuhan.
The worker and the writer _____(is/are) from Beijing.
2.Something ____ (has / have) gone wrong with my watch.
3. Ten percent of the pupils _____(is/are) absent today.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ____(is/are) sea.
4.Two years ______(have/has) passed since I left Ningbo;
5.The old ____(is/are) taken good care of in our society.
6. Not only you but also he ____ (is/are)wrong.
7. Here __ (is/are)a map and a handbook for you.
8. The teacher with two students ______ (was / were)at the meeting .
9. More than one man ___(have/has)died in the accident.
10. He is the only one of the students who_____(are/is) elected.
11. Every boy and every girl ______(wish/wishes)to attend the evening party.
Practice
1.Three days ___enough for me to finish the job.
(time ,money ,distance)
Two more dollars____missing from the till this mornimng.
2.statistics ___(is, are)a difficult course for people to understand .
Statistics ___(show, shows) that 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorce.
3.a …of +n(pl) +v(sing.)
A box of apples \rice is missing from the house.
Two exceptions:
a group of
A group of students stand around their teacher.
an average of \a majority of
An average of 25 people apply each month.
An average of 25 applications a month is usual.
4…..of (lots , plenty , some, all)+n+v
All of milk is bad.
All of apples are bad.
5.and
The writer and reporter ___ my friend.
The writer and the reporter ___ my friends.
Whisky and soda ___ always my favorite food.
American and Dutch beer (is are ) both much lighter than English.
Law and order (means, mean ) different things to people with different political opinions.
every + n and every +n; each +n and each +n; many a +n and +n;
Many a boy and girl is persuaded by him.
more than one+n; many a+n --->Vsing.
6.What makes each division different (is ,are) a few things.
7.He is one of people who go to the cinema.
He is the one of people who goes to the cinema.
8. It’s I who ___ the monitor of the class.
It’s me who ___ the monitor of the class.
9. proximity
or\ nor\either…or\neither…nor\
not only …but also\ there be
There __ a quantity of books in the liabray.
10.Being good friends__ useful to both of us.
11.only one out of\in five was prent.
Thanks!
Live with passion!
Enjoy your study.(共46张PPT)
Subject-Verb Agreement
主谓一致
一.and 连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时，
如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或物时， 谓语动词用复数。
He and I are both students of this school.
2. 如连接两个以上名词指同一人或物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
The singer and actor is going to give a solo concert in our city.
The knife and fork is on the table.
比较：
Bread and butter is a common food for breakfast in England.
Bread and butter are sold in this shop.
二.with； along with；together with; as well as; besides ; like; without; except/but
Including; not
谓语动词与连接词前一部分主语一致
Mary, like many girls, loves dancing.
All the students,including Tom, are leaving.
No one, except/but me knows about it.
三。 如果主语是动词不定式，动词-ing形式或主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
What he is doing seems very important.
Collecting stamps is his hobby.
四. or; either…or; neither…nor; not only …but also ; there be 结构等，谓语动词就近一致。
Neither you nor I am wrong.
There is a pen, two pencils in the pencil-box.
五. 不定代词all; more; most; some; any; none 等作主语，谓语动词视情况而定.
All of the apples are rotten.
All of the apple is rotten.
None of the money is left.
None of the students were there.
六. The restof; half of; part of; majoroty of; percent of; one third of 等加名词， 谓语动词与of 后的名词一致。
Half of the students have finished their compositions.
Half of the fruit is bad.
About 60 percent of the people are farmers.
About 60 percent of the work is done.
七. 集合名词作主语，强调整体谓语动词用单数，强调其中的成员，谓语动词用复数。如:people; police; cattle; family; class; crowd; team; group; crew; government; committee; audience 等。
The audience is very big.
The audience are listening to him carefully.
八. 有些名词，单复数同形， 作主语时，谓语按上下文来决定。如：means; works; deer; fish; sheep; Chinese; Japanese 等。
Not every means id useful.
Not all means are useful.
The chemical works is in the east of the city.
九.every…and every…; each…and each…; no…and no…连接单数名词，谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl in this class is very diligent.
No sound and no voice is heard.
Many a; more than one; one and a half与单数名词组成词组， 谓语动词用单数。
Many a boy has played this kind of game.
One and a half apples is enough.
十. The＋形容词（表示一类人）作主语，谓语动词用复数。
The wounded are taken good care of in the hospital.
The young are fond of Rock and Roll.
十一. 表示时间，距离；价格；度量衡等的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Ten years is a long time for Mathilde.
Five yuan is not enough for me to buy this book.
十二. 加减乘除算式中，谓语动词用单数。
Two plus two is/makes/equals four.
十三. 书刊；报纸；国名等作主语时；谓语动词用单数。
The Times is a newspaper of London.
The United States refers to America.
十四. 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Someone is asking for you.
Nothing is found in that room.
十五.有些词看上去是复数，而实际上是单数，或者单复数意义不相同。
The news is very surprising.
Maths is my favourate subject.
Politics is difficult to learn.
His politics are always not the same as others’.
其他：
Why and how he stole the money is being looked into.
Why he left home and where he went are nor clear.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
主谓一致练习
If law and order ______ not preserved, neither the citizen nor his property is safe.
Is
Are
Was
Were
答案：B
2. The air-marshal and chief-of staff ______.
Is killed
Was killed
Are killed
Were killed
答案：D
3. Many a teacher and many a student ______ it with ______ own eyes.
Has seen/his
Has seen/their
Have seen/his
Have seen/their
答案：B
4. No teacher and no student ______.
Is admitted
Are admitted
Is admitting
Are admitting
答案：B
5. One or perhaps more pages ______ missing.
Is
Are
Has been
Have been
答案：A
6. Not only Thomas but also his parents ______ to attend our commencement ceremony.
Has invited
Has been invited
Have invited
Have been invited
答案：D
7. Interest, as well as prospect, ______ important when one looks for a job.
Is
Are
Was
Were
答案：A
8. Man , no less than the lower form of life, ______ a product of evolutionary process.
Is
Are
Was
Were
答案：A
9. Plenty of hard work ______ the process.
Accompanies
Is accompanied
Accompany
Are accompanied
答案：A
10. I have read a large part of the book, the rest ______ difficult.
Is more
Are more
Is most
Are most
答案：A
11. The number of the students in the classroom ______ small.
Are
Is
Have been
Were
答案：B
12. He is the only one of those boys who ______ willing to take on another assignment.
Is
Are
Has been
Have been
答案：A
13. This is one of the most interesting questions that ______ asked.
Is
Are
Has been
Have been
答案：A
14. Not one in one hundred children exposed to disease ______ likely to develop it.
Is
Are
Should be
Must be
答案：A
15. After having a constructive talk, the committee ______ a banquet in the dinning hall.
Holds
Hold
Have held
Has hold
答案：B
16. The militia ______ the murder and the police ______ enquires about the case.
Have reported/are making
Has reported/is making
Have reported/is making
Has reported/are making
答案：A
17. More than one person here ______ with the disease.
Has been infected
Have been infected
Has been infecting
Have been infecting
答案：A
18. Two hundred and fifty pounds ______ too unreasonable a price for than second-hand car.
Is
Are
Were
Be
答案：A
19. Statistics ______ now considered as a branch of science, but the statistics in your report ______ not so accurate.
is/is
Are/are
Is/are
Are/is
答案：A
20. German measles ______ dangerous disease for pregnant women.
To be a
Are the
Is a
Are a
答案：C
21. The Olympic Games ______ an international sports competition.
Is
Are
Was
being
答案：A
22. Whether or not the next plan will yield any positive results ______ to be seen.
Remain
Remains
Is remained
Have remained
答案：B
23. The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ______ its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.
Are
Is
Do
Has
答案：B
24. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting cancer than ______ in the public mind today.
Exists
Exist
Existing
Existed
答案：A
25. None of your projects ______. .
Working out
Work out
Is worked out
Are worked out
答案：C
26. Neither the teacher nor the students ______ introduced to their dean.
To be
Was
Were
being
答案：B
27. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and two sons, ______ to arrive on the evening flight.
Are
Are going
Is
Will be
答案：C
28. Mathematics, several courses of which I have taken thus far, ______ to be difficult but useful for almost all students.
Prove
Are proved
Have been proved
proves
答案：D(共60张PPT)
2023届英语复习专题
主谓一致
主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系. 处理主谓一致一般遵循如下三个原则：
1.语法一致：指在语法形式上取得一致如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。
2.意义一致：指从意义上处理一致关系。如：主语形式上虽为单数但意义上为复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。
3.就近原则：指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
1）The boy shows his mother much attention.
2) The boys are playing outside.
3) I often help him and he often helps me.
4) We often help each other and learn from each other.
1)The crowd were fighting for their lives.
2) Your new clothes fit you, but mine don't fit me.
3) The crowd were surrounding the government official.
4) The Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
1) There are two teachers and a student under the tree.
2) There is a student and two teachers under the tree.
3) Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.
名词作主语的主谓一致
不定代词作主语
并列主语的主谓一致
表示数量的名词词组作主语
名词+介词词组
1.一般采用语法一致的原则
① On each side of the street __________ (grow) a lot of trees.
②This book ____ very interesting.
are growing
is
如果以名词词组作主语,谓语动词和中心词一致.
①This exercise on English idioms ___ not easy.
is
2.不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数
①The air in the mountain __ fresh.
②The information on the experiment report __ valuable.
③A great deal of money __ needed to buy books.
is
is
is
3.集合名词作主语
有些集合名词 machinery, equipment, furniture, jewellery clothing 表单数概念，用单数动词。
① The furniture in the exhibition hall ___ pleasant to look at.
② The equipment ___well maintained.
is
is
(3) 有些集合名词 team ， audience， family ， crew ， class, public， government, enemy ，group，committee, 若作一个整体, 用单数动词; 若看为一个个成员，用复数动词。
①Smith's family ____a big one.
② The family ___ having a chat in the living room.
is
are
③ The population of China ___(be) over 120 million and eighty percent of the population ____ (live) in the country.
④ Why _____(have) the government have to raise the toll charges on the five highways
THE Government ___ (be) to spend 124million developing a "new generation" of unmanned planes for the military.
is
live
does
is
(2) "the + adj/ed/ing." 采用意义一致的原则。表“人”作复数看,表“抽象物”则 作单数看.
①The young ____more active than the old in the work.
②The injured in the accident___ an engineer.
③The beautiful ________all the tourists.
are
is
attracts
4.以S 结尾的名词.
一些表示学科的名词, physics ,maths, politics 用单数形式.
①Physics ___ a difficult subject to learn.
is
2) 专有名词 the United Nations, the United States. 用单数.
② The Arabian Nights ____ well known to English lovers.
③The United Nations ___founded in 1945.
is
is
《天方夜谭》
④The Olympic Games in the year 2,008 _____to be held in Beijing.
are
the Olympic Games 可用单数也可用复数
4) 有些名词只以复数形式存在, glasses shorts, scissors, arms, clothes, goods. wages 等（见名词）用复数形式. 但有表示单数的量词与之连用, 则用单数形式。
①My shoes _____ torn after a long hiking in the forest.
②Another pair of trousers __________(make) for me after the missing pair .
③ This pair of shoes ___ made in Nanjing.
were
was made
is
5)单复同形的名词, means ,species , works等（见名词）,用意义一致的原则： 如表示 单数概念, 用单数形式; 表示复数概念,用复数形式.
①The quickest means to protect wild life ___ to forbid killing wild animals.
②All means _______________ (try) to save the sick panda since.
③The iron and steel works _____________(turn out) five hundred thousand tons of steel every year.
④Another two iron and steel works ______________ (build) outside the city.
is
have been tried
has turned out
has been built
all, both
采用意义一致的原则。表人或物(可数)作复数, 但 all 表“所有的一 切” 作单数.
①All that can be eaten __________________(eat up).
② --- All he has ____________________ (take away) from him.
③Both _____ (feel) that they have grown up and that they can work alone.
have been eaten up
has been taken away
feel
2. some, any, few
采用意义一致的原则。
①Some ____(be) wise and some___(be) foolish.
②Any __(be) better than none.
③_____(have) any of you actually _____ (see) a UFO
④ Very few _____ (know) his address in the town.
are
are
is
have
seen
know
3.either, each
作主语,常用采用意义一致的原则，用单数动词。
①Either of the two rooms ____ large enough.
Either room____ large enough.
②Neither of the two rooms ___large enough.
Neither room____ large enough.
is
is
is
is
4. such
作主语时，采用意义一致的原则。
①Such __ the situation we were facing.
②Such _____ his words.
are
is
and, both...and 连结的并列主语
1）若代表两个不同的事物, 用复数形式.
①Both rice and cotton ______in the southern areas. (grow)
grow
2）若and 连结的并列成分作主语
指同一人或物,如,salt and water, bread and butter等, 用单数形式.
①The secretary and cashier of the hotel ____ absent today.
②The secretary and the cashier of the hotel _____ absent today.
③The watch and chain ____ beautiful.
is
are
is
当 “each / every + 单数名词 + and each / every +单数名词” 结构作主语时
① During the holidays every train and ship ___crowded.
② each boy and each girl ___(have) a book.
③ No man and no woman in the village ______(know) that he is gone.
is
is
knows
〔 归纳〕
以下名词短语都可视作单数:
a watch and chain 一块带链的表，
a needle and thread 一套针线
a knife and fork 一副刀叉
a cup and saucer 一套碟子茶杯
a coat and tie 一件上衣带领带
bread and butter 奶油面包
aim and end 目的
time and tide 岁月
the long and short of it 总的意思
iron and steel 钢铁
law and order 治安
soup and salad 汤与凉拌菜
hard struggle and plain living 艰苦奋斗与生活简朴
truth and honesty 真诚
child care and education 对孩子的管教
2.not only...but also..., neither...nor...,either...or...,or 连用的并列主语
① Not only I but also Jane and Mary ___tired of having one examination after another.
are
② Neither he nor I __ clear about his intention.
③ Either you or he __mistaken about me.
④ ____either of you a teacher _____ you or he a teacher
is
is
Are
Are
1.数词+量度或时间的复数名词作主语:
①Twenty dollars in a week ___ only a small sum
②Three hours with your girl friend _________ (seem) to be short time.
③ It was reported that six __________ (kill) including a boy.
is
seems
were killed
2. a number of.... :表" 一些",后接复数名词,用复数动词; the number of ... 表" ... 的数目" 后接单数名词, 用单数动词.
①Only a small number of people ____ present at the meeting
②The number of people present at the meeting ____ small.
were
is
3.百分数, 分数, enough, rest, part 作主语
①All the money ____ spent, but I think part of it ____ wasted.
② Half of his goods ______ (be) stolen the other day.
③Half of nurses _____dismissed but it was he, not you, who ______wrong.
is
is
were
were
was
4.“more than one + 单数名词” 结构
“ more + 复数名词 + than one ” 结构
More than one girl ____(have) answered that question.
More members than one _____ (have) protested against the proposal.
has
have
6. “a +单数名词+ or two ” 结构，多用单数单词。
A day or two is enough.
但“ one or two + 复数名词” 结构，多用复数动词。
One or two months have passed.
7. one and a half + 复数名词作主语,用单数动词.
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
但近年来一些国外的权威词书(如《朗文当代英语词典》、 夸克等的《英语语法大全》等) 都认为其谓语要根据该结构中名词的单复数而分别使用单数或复数。如： One and a half months have passed since I saw him.=Amonth and a half has passed since I saw him. 我已有一个半月没看到他了。（引自《朗文当代英语词典》）
V. 名词+介词词组(with ,as well as , except, but, along with, together with, rather than 作主语时,动词形式取决于 作主语名词的单复数.
①John, as well as his friends, _______ ( not )think much of the book.
②All but one _____ here just now.
③Mrs. Jones together with his two daughters____________ (wait) for it.
doesn’t
were
was waiting
1. The people’s republic of China ____ (be) founded in 1949.
2. The food they offered on the plane ___ (be) delicious.
was
was
Subject-verb agreement
Fill in the blanks with the right verb forms:
1.当主语是单数名词或不可数名词时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
3. Two hours __ (be) not enough for so much homework.
4. Twenty thousand dollars __ (be) a large amount of money to me.
is
is
2.当主语是表示度量的词组,时间,金钱,标题,名字或距离时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
5. Travelling to Beijing ______ exciting. (be)
6. That it keeps raining _______ the
tourists. (worry)
is
worries
3.当词组或从句充当主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
7. Some students _____ planting trees. (be)
are
are
8. Tom and Dick _____ good friends. (be )
5.当主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的词或词组时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
4.当主语是复数名词时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
9.The worker and writer ____from Wuhan.
(be )
10. When and where to build the new factory ___ not decided yet. (be)
11.Early to rise and early to go to bed ____
a good habit. (be)
6.当and连接的两个词表同一概念，或同一人（物）时，谓语动词用单数形式。
is
is
is
12. All of us ____________ ( attend) the
lecture about Pompeii.
13. Most of the lecture ___ (be) about
how the ancient city was discovered.
14. I spent only 30 yuan buying books
and the rest of money ___ (be) spent
on my food.
15. Two fifths of the land in that district___
covered with trees and grass. (be)
16. Lots of damage ___ caused by fire. (be)
have attended
was
was
is
was
7.当主语是分数或百分数或all of/ most of/ some of /half of/ a part of / a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of/ a large quantity of/ half of/ the rest of ＋名词/代词时，谓语动词的单、复数形式与该名词/代词保持一致。
17. Either the team leader or the guides
___ (be) looking after the students.
18. Neither noodles nor rice _____ (be)
delicious today.
19. Not only you but also I ___ (be)
puzzled at her worried look.
are
is
am
8.当用neither…nor/ either…or/ not only… but also…/ not…but连接句子主语时，谓语动词的单、复数和与其最邻近的主语的单、复数形式保持一致。
20. His family ____ (be) rather big,
with twelve people in all.
21. His family ___ all (be) fond of
popular music.
22. Our school __ (be) a key school in
Hunan Province.
23. Our school ___ (be) doing morning
exercises now on the playground.
is
are
is
are
9.当主语是band/crowd/class/dozen/family/ public/ team等集合名词时，如果该集合名词表示一个组织或单位的概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果该集合名词表示组织或单位里一些个体的概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
24. Mathematics ___ an important
subject. (be)
25. The clothes my mother bought for
me _____ very beautiful. (be)
is
are
10.当主语是news, physics, mathematics and Aids 等一类词时，谓语动词用单数形式；当主语是goods, clothes, congratulations, earnings, remains和 belongings等一类词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
26. There ____ a teacher and two students
in the room. (be)
27. There ____two students and a teacher
in the room. (be)
is
are
11.由there或here引导的句子，主语不只一个词时，谓语动词的形式以邻近的主语的数而定。
28. At Christmas, each boy and each girl ____ given a present. (be )
is
29. Many a boy and girl _____ made the
same mistake. (has / have)
30. No teacher or student ____ allowed to
enter the lab. (be)
has
is
12.用 and/or 连接的两个名词若被 no, each, every, many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数形式。
31.--- Each of the students , working hard
at his or her lessons, ___ to go to
university.
--- So do I.
A. hope B. hopes
32.Nobody harder than John does.
A. work B. works
13.当either / each+ of+复数名词,或somebody, someone , something, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, no one, nothing, everybody, everyone, everything复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.
33.Tom is one of the students who
____ good at playing football. (be)
34. Tom is the only one of the students who ___ good at playing football. (be)
are
is
14.在“one of+复数名词+关系代词”的结构中，定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式；但是若前有the only, the very将其限定为只有一个时，谓语动词用单数形式.
35.My shoes ____ black. (be)
36.A pair of shoes ____ under the bed. (be)
37.Two pairs of shoes ____ under the bed.
(be)
is
are
are
15. 成双成对构成的东西，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但被pair of修饰时，谓语动词的形式与pair的数一致.
主谓一致练习
1. Each of you ___ responsible for the accident. a. am b. be c. is d. are
2. Each man and woman ______ the same rights. a. has b. have c. had d. is having
Subject-verb agreement
3. Every means ____ tried but without much result. a. has been b. have been c. are d. is
4. There ______ in this room. a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture
5. The public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims. a. is b. was c. are d. has been
6. Not only I but also David and Iris __ fond of playing basketball. a. am b. is c. are d. was
7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home. a. is b. are c. has d. was
8. Either the dean or the principal___ the meeting. a. attends b . attend
c. are attending d. have attended
9. _____ was wrong. a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher
10. “______ twenty dollars a big sum to her ” “I suppose so.” a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were
11. Three hours ____ enough for us to finish the task. a. are b. has c. is d. were
12. Most of his savings ___ in the Xin Hua Bank. a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept
13. All that can be done ______. a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done
14. Many a student ___ the importance of learning a foreign language.
a. have realized b. has realize
c. have been realized
d. has been realized
当主语是many a + 单数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。(共47张PPT)
谓语
谓语的狭义和广义之分
谓语的类型（简单谓语和复合谓语）
谓语的狭义和广义之分
S V
S V O
S V P
S V o O
S V O C
谓语的类型
简单谓语 （由一个动词或成语动词组成）
1. 情V + V原形
复合谓语 2. 复合宾语句型的被动式
3. SVP句型里的VP
双重谓语现象
双重谓语＝普通谓语＋并列句/从句
一、谓语动词＋形容词
He left this morning very gay. (He was very gay when he left this morning.)
He sat there silent. (He sat there and he was silent.)
She lay there motionless.
She grew up quite fastidious about her clothing.
She was motionless when she lay there.
She was quite fastidious about her clothing
when she grew up.
二、谓语动词＋名词 (慎用)
She left a shy girl and returned a young mother. (She was a shy girl when she left and a young mother when she returned.)
He lived a hero and died a martyr.
He was a hero when he lived and a martyr
when he died.
三、谓语动词＋分词
They lay there chatting. (They were chatting when they lay there.)
He wandered wondering.
He came home exhausted.
He was wondering when he wandered.
He was exhausted when he came home.
四、谓语动词＋what从句
He returned home what he had always been. （He was what he had always been when he returned home.）
回家时，他还是老样子。
注意：如果要对“第二谓语”进行否定，否定词仍然在“第一谓语”的位置上用
He came home exhausted.
(此处came是第一谓语，exhausted是第二谓语)
He never came home exhausted. (他回家时从不疲惫。)
Similar Cases
She didn’t arrive accompanied by her daughter
她抵达时并没有她女儿陪同。
He didn’t pass noticed.
他路过时没人注意。
Three Guiding Principles:
1、语法一致 (Grammatical Concord)
2、意义一致 ( Notional Concord )
3、就近原则( Principle of Proximity )
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主谓一致
subject-verb Concord
语法一致
主谓一致主要表现在“数”的形式上。
Number means singular or plural.
The basic rule of sentence agreement is simple: A subject must agree with its predicate verb in number.
这种一致关系叫作“语法一致”。
例如：
A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.
Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.
需要注意的几个问题：
1、不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Reading often means learning .
To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.
What he said has been recorded.
2、不定代词one, every, each, one of, no one, nothing，either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
Neither of my sisters likes sports .
Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner. Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .
3、表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
例如：
One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore.
The United States is leading the world in science and technology.
The United Nations plays an important role in the international affairs .
4、a portion of, a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 。
The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.
A substantial portion of the reports is missing .
这些报告都没有提及实质问题。
A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.
On the seashore, some people ___ playing volleyball and some ___ lying in the sun.
Both of us ___ fond of watching football games .
A number of will-be graduates ___ voluntarily going to work in the West of China.
Practice
are
are
are
are
5、有些短语，如：a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of谓语动词的数取决于_____________________________
例如：
A lot of money in the shop ____ stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off.
A lot of books about Investment Fund ___ been published recently.
所接名词为可数还是不可数。
was
have
意义一致( Notional Concord )
这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。
1 当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词不受其影响。
1) Petroleum along with fuel gas has recently risen in price.
2) The students together with their teacher are going to have a picnic this weekend.
Petroleum has recently risen in price, along with fuel gas. Along with fuel gas, petroleum has recently risen in price.
The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher. Together with their teacher, the students are going to have a picnic this weekend.
2 形容词前加定冠词即“the + 形容词”作主语时，其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作_____；但如果其意义是指一类人则应该看作是_____。
单数
复数
例如：
The young, on the one hand, often ______ (think) of the old conservative. On the other hand, the old always ______ (consider) the young inexperience.
The true always _______ (triumph). .
think
consider
triumphs
The accused was found guilty.
Several of the accused were found guilty.
The beloved is forever in his heart.
The beloved are forever in his heart.
The condemned was sentenced to death.
The condemned were sentenced to death.
3. 用and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人或物或通常由两个部件配成的物品时，用_____谓语动词，指不同的人或物或分开的东西用______谓语动词。
★ 值得注意的是，两种抽象的东西被人们看作是不可分的一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
单数
复数
例如：
War and peace is a constant theme in history. 战争与和平是一个历史上的永恒的主题。
Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality. 中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都很好。
Truth and honesty is the best policy.
Wit and humor abounds in the book.
Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.
就近原则( Principle of Proximity )
这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等。
There-be句型
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例如：
Either I or they ____ responsible for the result of the matter.
Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude ______ (have) caused me any distress.
Not only he but also all his family ____(be) keen on concerts Neither his family nor he _____(know) anything about it.
There ___ (be) a long spring board and three rafts at varying distance from the store.
are
has
are
knows
is
Problems of concord with nouns ending in –s
以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难。这些名词的使用可遵循的原则有：
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1) Disease and game names ending in -s
以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称
2) Subject names ending in -ics
以-ics结尾的学科名称
3) Geographical names ending in -s
以-s结尾的地理名称
4) other nouns ending in –s
其他以-s结尾的名词
（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题
Arthritis（关节炎）, bronchitis（支气管炎）, diabetes（糖尿病）, mumps（腮腺炎）, phlebitis（静脉炎）, rickets（软骨病）, 这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。
例如：
1.Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.
2.The diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.
3.Measles usually occurs in children.
4.Phlebitis is a swollen condition of the blood vessels.
以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题
以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。 例如：
1.Darts is basically a easy game.
2.Marbles is not confined to children.
但当Darts，Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。
例如：
1.Three darts are thrown at each turn.
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（二）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题
某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。
例如： The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.
In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.
但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。
例如：
The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant.
The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.
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（三）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题
某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics, statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用作单数。
例如：
Physics is a fundamental subject in science.
Mathematics is an interesting subject.
Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.
但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义，可作复数用
例如：
Athletics （体育运动）have been greatly encouraged at this college.
The economics （经济效益）of the project are still at issue.
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（四）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题
A. 以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语
英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词，如glasses, pincers, scissors, shorts, trousers等，这类名词做主语，如果不带“一把”、“一副”等单位词，谓语动词通常用复数。
例如：
Mary's glasses are new.
John's trousers are black.
如果带有单位词， 则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式。
例如：
One pair of pincers isn't enough.
Two pairs of scissors are missing from my tool box.
B.其他以-s结尾的名词
英语中还有一些以- s结尾的名词，如archives，arms, clothes, contents, eaves, fireworks, goods, suburbs, thanks, wages这类名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。
例如：
The archives of the country are kept in the Department of Security.
The contents of the book are most amusing.
High wages often result in high prices.
My thanks are sincere.
Problems of concord with collective nouns as subject
以集体名词作主语的主谓一致问题
集体名词在意义上是复数，而在语法形式上是单数。以这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往在于对“语法一致”和“意义一致”两种原则的选择。
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集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义：
主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；
主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。
例如：
The family are all fond of football.
The family is the tiniest cell of the society.
The population of the earth is increasing very fast.
One third of the population here are workers.
The company was set up last year.
The company are mostly young men.
The hotel is at the foot of a hill.
All the hotel are gathered in the hall.
（四）a committee, etc of +复数名词的主谓一致问题
如果主语是由a committee of /a panel of /a (the) board of +复数名词构成，随后的动词通常用单数。
例如：
A committee of twelve men is to discuss the matter.
A panel of experts has considered the situation.
The board of managers is responsible for the firm.
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倒装结构中主谓语的一致
在倒装句中，其他成分放到句子前部，而主语则往往被置于句子后部，这时要注意辨认主语，以保持主谓一致。
After the exams is the time for rest.
In the margins was written something in red ink.
主谓一致练习
Fifty miles __ not a great distance.
It __ Mr. Li and Mr. Wang who did it.
Nobody but William and John __ asked to go.
Her children __ her sole care.
More than one person here __ infected with the disease.
Neither we nor he __ to blame.
is
was
was
were
has been
is
20 divided by 5 __ 4. (equal)
That he is wrong __ now clear to everybody.
Every means __ been tried but without result.
One-fourths of the students __ from the south.
A middle-aged woman with a baby in her arms ___ seen lingering at the gate.
equals
is
has
are
was
I, not you, __ responsible for all this.
What we need badly here ____ doctors.
The book will contain what __ considered the best of short stories of the time.
None of us __ got a camera.
None __ willing to miss such a fine lecture.
am
are
are
has/have
is/are
A variety of flowers __ on the show
The chorus(合唱团 ) __ all here and ready to begin.
Either of the example __ good enough.
Each of them __ a room to himself. (have)
are
are
is
has
The book has been rewritten but the contents __ not been changed much.
These two are for you. The rest __ to be sent to your sister.
Even bread and butter __ a luxury in those days.
Facing the gate __ a row of three rooms.
have
are
was
is(共17张PPT)
主谓一致（二）
Subject-verb Concord (II)
Key Points:
1. 以并列结构做主语的主谓一致问题
Problems of concord with a coordinate subject
2. 以表示数量概念的名词词组做主语的主谓一致问题
Problems of concord with expressions of quantity as subject
以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题
1. 由 and / both… and 连接的并列主语
意义复数 ( 有些形为单数), 谓语复数
Rain and wind have caused a lot of damage to the crops.
意义单数,谓语单数
bread and butter/ jam/ cheese
( white/ brown/ whole meal bread)
Ham and eggs is a good breakfast.
形似单数，意义复数，谓语复数
Good and bad taste are inculcated by example.
and连接的并列名词带有each, every, many a 等限定词时,谓语单数
Each boy and each girl is good at writing.
2. 由 or /nor/ either…or 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词采用就近原则
Example:
You and I am going to see the film.
Neither my brother nor my friends are going to Africa.
Either you or she is responsible for it.
3.主语 + as much as /as well as等,谓语动词依据主语本身决定
Example:
rather than more than no less than
in addition to with along with together with
except but plus besides including
The students as much as the teacher are to blame.
The bedroom as well as the living room is cleaned.
1. Pancakes and syrup (is, are) a tasty breakfast.
2. Milking the cows, in addition to several other chores, (was, were) his responsibility.
3. Each man and each woman there (is, are) asked to help.
4. Neither Lucy nor Carol (has, have) any money left.
5. The tenth and the last chapter (was, were) translated into Russian by Bob.
√
√
√
√
√
6. Law and order (means, mean) different things to people with different political opinions.
7. The number and diversity of British newspaper (is, are) considerable.
8. An older man or a mature woman (is, are) needed for this job.
9. Fish and chips (is, are) getting very expensive.
10. The sum and substance of this argument (is, are) war and peace.
√
√
√
√
√
11. A truck and a convertible (was, were) in the ditch.
12. The Bat and Ball (sells, sell) good beer.
13. War and peace (is, are) a constant theme in history.
14. War and peace (is, are) alternatives between which men must constantly choose.
15. How is it that your answer and your neighbour’s (is, are) identical
√
√
√
√
√
16. Not only one, but all, of us (is, are) hoping to be there.
17. Cold cereal and milk (is, are) Dad’s favourite pick-me-up.
18. Every flower and every bush (is, are) to be cut down.
19. The vessel, with its entire crew and cargo, (was, were) lost.
20. The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay, (provides, provide) good fishing.
√
√
√
√
√
以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致
1. 以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语
表示数量整体, 谓语单数; 表示数量个体, 谓语复数
分数/ 百分数 + of 词组, 谓语由该词组类别决定
20 percent of the area is……
20 percent of the workers are……
两数相减 /除, 谓语单数; 两数相加/ 乘, 动词单复数均可
5 times 8 is/ are 40.
Five eights are 40.
one in / one out of + 复数名词, 在正式语 中，谓语单数
2. 以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语
主语由 all of/ lots of + 名词, 谓语依of 后名词类别决定
Example:
some of… half of… most of…
heaps of… loads of… scads of…
plenty of…
All of the money is……
All of the doctors are……
注意：neither of / none of 谓语单复数均可（可依据意义判断）
主语由 a portion of 等+ 名词, 谓语单数
Example:
a series of a pile of a panel of
a species of a chain of
A portion of the report is missing.
主语由 a /this kind of 等+ 名词（单数或不可数名词）, 谓语单数
this kind of rose roses of this kind
主语由 these kinds of等+ 名词（单数、不可数名词、复数）, 谓语复数
主语由 many a + n. / more than one + n. , 谓语单数
Many a student goes abroad.
主语由 an average of / a majority of +复数名词, 明确表示多数个体概念时, 谓语复数. 否则单数
An average of 5 students fail the exam each term.
An average of 5 students who fail the exam each term is not unusual.
When the employer arrived, the secretary handed
him a handful of letter.
2. John is one of those people who has trouble making
up their minds.
3. In the distance were heard the applause of the people,
the shouts and clapping of hands.
____________________
a handful of letters
________
have trouble
________
was heard
4.I decide to see exactly one of those new cards which
are being put together.
5. A part of the ancient books has been stolen.
_______
is being
_______
have been
Honesty and generosity are ___________________
_______________（使他受女生欢迎的两大品质）。
2. Of particular interest to the visitor _______________
_______________________（是大城市里出售各种外文书籍的许多书店）。
3. If law and order is not preserved ________________
_______________ （公民及其财产都不安全）。
the virtues that make him popular with girls
is the large number of bookstores in major cities that sell books in different language
Neither the citizen nor his property is safe.
4. The president of the college, together with deans, is
planning a conference ________________________
______________（目的在于制定一些规章制度）。
5. What interests the workers most is ______________
_______________（工资待遇和工作条件）。
For the purpose of laying down certain regulations
Better wages and working conditions
