2023届高考英语二轮复习高考短文改错考点分析课件(40张ppt)

(共40张PPT)
高考短文改错考点分析
短文改错题型考查考生对书面语篇的校验能力，衡量考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性。短文改错的体裁，以记叙文、夹叙夹议和说明文为主。取材广泛，语篇通常来自考生文章或类似于考生习作的文章，篇幅较短，语篇内容体现立德树人的时代特征，引导体美劳教育，促进考生德智体美劳全面发展。该题型考查考生在理解短文的基础上发现并纠正词法、句法、行文逻辑等类型错误的能力。考点覆盖面广，重点突出，设置的错误涉及动词时态语态、代词、名词、定语从句、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词等，基本涵盖了高中阶段的重点语法项目。考生要想在该题型取得高分，需要掌握高考命题规律，在平时的学习中多归纳总结常考点和易错点。
五年高考考情分析
1
词法
2
句法
3
逻辑关系
4
目录
CONTENTS
1
五年高考考情分析
（一）全国Ⅰ卷近五年短文改错题型命题一览表
试卷名称 主题 考点
主题语境 主题语境内容 动词 名词 并列连词 形容词 副词 代词 冠词 介词 定语从句 状语从句
2022 全国乙 人与自我 骑自行车的好处 4 1 1 1 1 1 1
2021 人与自我 做家务的好处 4 1 2 1 1 1
2020 课标全国Ⅰ 人与自我 尝试西红柿炒鸡蛋 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2019 人与社会 一次意外爱上足球 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
2018 人与社会 家乡的变化 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
（二）高考短文改错考点分析
短文改错命题方向主要是词法、句法和行文逻辑。从近五年全国乙卷（课标Ⅰ卷）来看，有些考点是每年的必考点，如动词、名词、形容词和代词，而有些考点是次重点，如副词、并列连词、冠词、介词、定语从句和状语从句。如果认真分析，我们发现动词里面包含谓语动词、非谓语动词、情态动词、主谓一致等，在这里面有些考点也不是每年必考，如情态动词，只是偶尔会考查。
2
词 法
在短文改错中，对于词法的考查集中在词性功能、易混词和习惯搭配上，考生需要掌握常见词性的基本用法。
1. 名词
①Our city will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle. (2022年全国乙卷)
解析：bicycle是可数名词，应该把bicycle 改为bicycles。
②I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. (2021年全国乙卷)
解析：do the dishes 意为“洗餐具”，应把dish改为dishes。
③Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. (2020年课标全国Ⅰ卷)
解析：chopstick是可数名词，应把chopstick改为chopsticks。
1. 名词
④All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football. (2019年课标全国Ⅰ卷)
解析：player改为players。
⑤To everyone’s surprising, the ball went into the net. (2019年课标全国Ⅰ卷)
解析：to one’s surprise 意为“令某人吃惊的是”， 故把surprising 改为surprise。
⑥When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night. (2018年课标全国Ⅱ卷)
解析：考查名词作定语，星期五晚上，应该用Friday而不是表示所属关系的Friday’s。
⑦Luckily I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations. (2020课标全国II卷)
解析：考查名词单复数，vacations 改为vacation，summer vacation 书剑。
⑧ Last winter when I went there again， they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. (2018课标全国I卷）
解析：考查名词的数，chicken意为“小鸡”， 可数名词，应把chicken改为chickens。
⑨ Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. (2017 课标全国II卷）
解析：information是不可数名词，应把informations改为information。
1. 名词
归纳总结
从上面的高考题中，我们可以看出，在高考卷中对于名词的考查主要集中在名词的“数”，即可数名词单数变复数，不可数名词复数变单数，偶尔也会考查有其它词性改为名词，也会考查名词的所有格。
2. 形容词和副词
①We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. (2022年全国乙卷)
②Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself. (2020课标全国I卷)
③I felt so closely to him. (2022全国甲卷)
④I felt happily that their life had improved. (2018课标全国I卷)
⑤First, I wanted to ba a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. (2019课标全国II卷)
⑥ What’s more, doing housework can be a form of mentally
relaxation from study. (2021年全国乙卷)
great
simple
close
happy
cool
归纳总结：形容词作定语和表语，故要把上面句子的副词改为形容词。
mental
⑦ What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mental
relaxation from study. (2021年全国乙卷)
⑧See you sooner. (2020课标全国II卷)
⑨ One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor. (2019课标全国卷)
more
soon
归纳总结：考查形容词和副词的比较级和最高级，也会考查比较级前的修饰词。
比较级和最高级
① I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
(2019课标全国I卷)
② My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our
family. (2020课标全国III卷)
③ One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could
feel much better after seeing a doctor. (2019课标全国II卷)
interested
concerned
amazed
归纳总结：短文改错经常考查形容词化的现在分词和过去分词，人作主语，现在分词要改为过去分词。
形容词化的分词
① The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew how
to settle it. (2022全国甲卷)
② In my opinion, when in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly. (2021全国甲卷)
③ I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.
(2019课标全国I卷)
④ I want to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much. (2019课标全国II卷)
so
hard
so/very
归纳总结：注意区分形近的副词，掌握诸如many和much，hard和hardly, late和later, before 和ago, so 和such等副词的区别。
most
副词辨析
3.代词
①When you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So they are not
producing carbon dioxide and not causing air pollution. (2022全国乙卷)
② Some will turn to their parents or teachers for help. Only a few choose to deal with the problems on our own. （2021全国甲卷）
③“Not that way,”my mom tried to stop us but failed. (2020课标全国I卷)
④ In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical
environment that is created for them. (2019课标全国III卷)
代词一致
① My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school. (2022全国甲卷)
② From then on, I started to play my football with classrooms after school.(2019课标全国I卷)
解析：be off school 为固定搭配，意为“离开学校；不上学”；play football 固定短语，”踢足球“。
归纳总结：短文改错常常删去固定搭配中的多余代词
删代词
① The first time I went there again, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. (2018课标全国II)
② Some will turn to their parents or teachers for help. Only a little choose to deal with the problems on their own. (2021全
国甲卷)
③ Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all/all work in our school. (2017课标全国II卷)
other
few
both
归纳总结：注意掌握常见的不定代词区别，如：all, both；either, neither；other, another；little, few等
不定代词
Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China. (2020课标全国II)
your /you
代词的格
4.冠词
① For example, every morning, my dad has to have the bowl of egg
soup while I have to eat an apple. (2020课标全国Ⅲ卷)
② Suddenly football fell just in front of me and almost hit me. (2019课标全国I卷)
③ Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. (2019课标全国Ⅲ)
④ As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons---.(2018课标全国Ⅱ)
⑤ They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. (2017课标全国II卷)
a
a
a
a
an
∧
不定冠词
4.冠词
①Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together. (2020课标全国Ⅰ卷)
② During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my
father to visit my grandparents. (2018课标全国Ⅰ卷)
③ I still remember how hard first day was. (2017课标全国Ⅰ卷)
④ Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my
life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments. (2017课标全国Ⅲ卷)
⑤ But in that case, we will learn little about world. (2016课标全国Ⅱ卷)
∧
the
∧
the
∧
the
∧
the
∧
the
定冠词
归纳总结
冠词分为不定冠词a和an、定冠词the，对于冠词的考查集中在冠词的泛指、特指的误用和不定冠词a、an的误用；冠词的习惯用法常常成为考生的失分点。
5. 介词
① Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movements
and exercise. (2022全国乙卷)
② In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. (2021全国乙卷)
③ One of the questions is:Who will you go in times of trouble (2021全国甲卷)
④ I’m glad to know that you’ve come China to learn kung fu in a school
in my hometown. (2020课标全国Ⅱ卷)
∧
of
∧
from/by
∧
to
∧
to
5. 介词
⑤ Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together on every day. (2020课标全国Ⅱ卷)
⑥ When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and
decided to be a doctor. (2019 课标全国Ⅱ卷)
⑦ I want my cafe to have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. (2019课标全国Ⅲ卷)
⑧ At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed. (2018课标全国I卷)
∧
in\at
归纳总结：高考短文改错题中对于介词的考查形式包括在动词、名词或者形容词后加上介词、将用错的介词改正和时间状语删除多余的介词。
3
句 法
1. 时态
① They often run at high speeds, which may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams. (2022全国乙卷)
② Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. (2021年全国乙卷)
③ Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old.
(2020课标全国Ⅱ卷)
④ For example， every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple. (2020课标全国Ⅲ)
are
is
started
have
时态一致性
⑤ The other is that I wanted to help people in need. (2019课标全国Ⅱ卷)
⑥ During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. (2018年课标全国Ⅰ卷)
found
归纳总结：短文改错经常考查一般现在时和一般过去时的不一致，考生需要根据语境确定正确的时态。
was
时态一致性
语态
Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. (2022年全国乙卷)
归纳总结：短文改错对于被动语态的考查比较少，多删掉be 动词或者把主动语态变为被动语态
被动语态
① A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. (2022年全国乙卷)
② He showed me how his medical instruments was used. (2021全国乙卷)
③ One of the questions are: Who will you go to in times of help. (2021全国甲卷)
④ My dad don’t like the soup and I don’t enjoy apples. (2020课标全国Ⅲ卷)
⑤ And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic. (2021年全国乙卷)
live
were
is
doesn’t
hope
归纳总结：短文改错经常考查一般现在时和一般过去时的主谓一致。
主谓一致
① I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. (2020课标全国Ⅰ卷)
② ---but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me. (2018课标全国Ⅱ卷)
归纳总结：对于情态动词，常常考查情态动词后使用动词原词，要删掉to。
情态动词
2. 非谓语动词
① I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not
stay out with my friends too late. (2022全国甲卷)
② I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be
easy to cook. (2020课标全国I卷)
③ My mom told me how to preparing it. (2020课标全国I卷)
④ My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. (2018课标全国I卷)
∧
to
staying
fried
prepare
selling
⑤ I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”. (2019课标全国Ⅲ卷)
⑥ As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me. (2018课标全国Ⅱ卷)
∧
to
归纳总结：在短文改错中，主要考查非谓语动词在句中作不同的成分，如非谓语动词作宾语、状语、补语、表语、定语等。介词和动词后动名词作宾语；动词不定式后加to 或者不定式后面接动词原形；过去分词表被动，现在分词表主动。
watch
3. 状语从句
① Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. (2022全国乙卷)
② I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom whatever necessary. (2020课标全国I卷)
③ In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help from those
we trust most. (2021全国甲卷)
If\When
whenever
when
3. 状语从句
④ I waited patiently unless the oil was hot. (2020课标全国I卷)
⑤ Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can
practice together every day. (2020课标全国Ⅱ卷)
⑥ The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to
be very useful later in my life. (2018课标全国Ⅱ卷)
until
so
when
归纳总结：对于状语从句的考查集中于引导时间状语、条件状语、结果状语等从句的连词。时间状语从句引导词常考when、until；条件状语从句引导词常考if；结果状语从句常考so that等句型。
4. 定语从句
① One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the
school playground. (2019课标全国I卷)
② Thank you for the letter, what really made me happy. (2020 课标全国II卷)
③ Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. (2020课标全国Ⅲ)
④ In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. (2019课标全国Ⅲ)
⑤ They also had a small pond which they raised fish. (2018课标全国I卷)
when
which
that
which/that
where
归纳总结：短文改错对于定语从句的考查主要集中于关系代词that、which、who, 关系副词when、where的用法
5. 特殊句式
①I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision.(2019课标全国I卷)
②The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!” (2017课标全国I卷)
There
Turn
归纳总结：短文改错对于特殊句式的考查主要集中在祈使句、“there be句型”等特殊句式。
4
行文逻辑
① One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations. (2022全国甲卷)
② First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside. (2020课标全国I卷)
③ Suddenly a football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. (2019课标全国I卷)
④ At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed. (2018课标全国I卷)
and
and
and
and
⑤ Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have been out of practice. (2020课标全国II)
⑥ Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank. (2019课标全国II卷)
but/yet
but/yet
归纳总结：短文改错对于行文逻辑的考点主要集中在and、so、for、or、but等并列连词的用法，考查句与句之间的逻辑关系是并列关系、因果关系、选择关系，还是转折关系。