中考语法复习课件之 被动语态

课件39张PPT。被动语态1.Teenagers should be allowed to choose
their own clothes.2.English is spoken by many people .4.Lucky 52 is watched on TV
by many people .3.The tickets about heroes are sold out .5.Rice is planted in South China.6.He is said a good boy .语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
如：
Many students study English.(主动语态)
English is studied by many students.
(被动语态)语态 助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。
如：The desk is made of wood.
The desks are made of wood.
He is asked a question by the teacher.被动语态的结构助动词be+及物动词的过去分词不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：by many students.主动语态变被动语态的方法1.Many students study English.Englishis studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoesare madeby themin that factory.主动语态变被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by
短语。（① by短语可以省。② by短语
后跟代词的宾格。）by the teacher.3.The teacher often asks him questions.Heis askedquestions1. 找宾语 ----即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数.are made3. 判断动词的时态 ----即be动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的形式 ----即原句动词改为过去分词 5. 修改原句的主语 ----即by+ 宾语（原主语）. by them.主变被解题步骤主变宾,宾变主, 谓动be done
时不变,人称、数、格随着变They play football on Sunday.
Lucy does the homework in the evening.
They often use computers in class.
We make these machines in Beijing.
Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.Practice肯定句：主语＋be + 过去分词＋(by ~)
否定句：主语＋be not ＋过去分词＋(by ~)
一般疑问句：Be ＋主语＋过去分词＋(by ~)?
特殊疑问句：
疑问词＋be＋主语＋过去分词＋ (by ~) by many students.Englishis studiedby many students.Englishis not studied句式Is English studied by many students?Who is English studied by?The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday. Practice 1. They bought ten computers last term． by them last term.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were +过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many treeswere plantedTen computerswere boughtThey built the tall building last year.
He took good care of his little brother yesterday.
We cleaned our classroom just now.
They used this room for resting.
The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：will be+过去分词1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The workwill be finished2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.The roomwill be cleanedbyTom tomorrow.We will have a sports meeting next week.
Children will take some photos in the
schoolyard tomorrow.
The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.
A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should + be+过去分词1.Amy can take good care of Gina ．by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.1.He can take care of the baby.
2.Lucy may draw the pictures.
3.You must turn off the lights.
4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.
5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构is / am / are + being ＋过去分词1.Some workers are painting the rooms now．by some workers now.The roomsare being painted2.He is watching TV.TVis being watched by him.6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构have / has ＋been ＋过去分词1.We have made twenty more keys．by us.Twenty more keyshave been made2.We have finished our compositions.Our compositionshave been finishedby us.表格：被动态基本结构am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will/be going to be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been doneSuch books are written for children.
这些书是为儿童写的。
I haven’t been told about it . 没有人告诉我这件事被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.It’s / was said / believed / reported / + that …
It’s reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake.
据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。 （2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。The cup was broken by David.（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.如：1.He gave me a book.
－I was given a book by him. （以I做主语）
－A book was given to me by Tom. （以物book作主语）
2.He teaches us English.
－We are taught English by him. （以人当主语）
－English is taught to us by him. （以物作主语）被动语态的几种类型1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，
指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有:
to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand
for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；
以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足 语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。
We keep food fresh in the fridge.
主 谓 宾 宾补
－Food is kept fresh in the fridge.
I saw him go into the office building.
－He was seen to go into the office building. 2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态 不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.They take good care of my child.
My child is taken good care of .
I turned off the radio.
The radio was turned off (by me) 3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加－by
be covered with …用…覆盖着
be interested in …对…感兴趣
be surprised at …对…感到惊奇
be made of （from）用…制造的动词短语的被动语态
take care of －be taken care of
cut down －be cut down
laugh at －be laughed at
look after－be looked after即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to. 1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.Hewas seento play basketball last Sunday.2.We heard them sing in the classroom.Theywas heardto sing in the classroom.4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词 时，不能改为被动语态。
We often help each other.
我们常常互相帮助。
（2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have , like , take place , belong to …）
如：
I like these flowers. 我喜欢这些花。
I will have a meeting.
不说A meeting will be had. 应说A meeting will be held . 5.不能用于被动语态的几种情况 把下列句子变成被动语态:
A car knocked him down yesterday.
2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team．
3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree．A fallen tree was being cut up, when I got
there.He was knocked down by a car yesterday．The medical team is made up of by two…．Practice4)We’ll put on the play next Sunday．
5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school．
6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year． The play will be put on next Sunday．A new teaching building is being built
by workers in our school．The railway had been completed
by the end of last year．填空（完成被动语态填空）
1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态）
Their classroom _____ often ______ by them after school.
2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上）
A new pen _____ _______ _____ Tom last week .
iscleanedwas given byPractice3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上）
English ______ ____ ______ by a lot of people in China now.
4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上）
English ______ ______ ______ for about two years.
5. They will publish these story-books next month. （同上）
These story-books _____ _____ _____ next month.
can be spokenhas been learnedwill be published
6. Another man-made satellite was sent up into space by them last week (济南市中考题）
—— —— —— another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态
7.People there planted many trees last year.
Trees _____ _____ by people there last year.
(青岛市中考题）
8. They grow vegetables on the farm.
The vegetables _______ ______on the farm（上海市中考题）
They sent upwere planted are grown中考题1. In some countries , tea ______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served
C. serves D. served
2. Great changes _____ in my hometown since 1980.
A. have been taken place B. took place
C. have taken place D. were taken place3. The new type of car is going to ______ in three years.
A. turn out B. be turned out
C. has turned out D. have been turned out
4. The woman murdered her friend and ______ to ______.
A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die
C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die被动语态专项练习：选择填空5. －Do you like the skirt ? －It _______ soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who ________ for ?
A. are you waiting B. did you wait
C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _____ to know Professor Zhang.
A. He said B. I said
C. He is said D. It says
8. －I want to sit at the table near the window.
－Sorry , ______ already.
A. it took B. it takes
C. it is taking D. it has been taken9. The letter _______ three days ago and it_____ yesterday.
A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived
C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived
10. He told me that the final examination _______ next Thursday.
A. is given B. will be given
C. would have given D. would be given11. Water ______ into ice.
A. will changed B. must be changed
C. should change D. can be changed
12. Plays ______ twice a month in that theatre.
A. put on B. are put on
C. was put on D. often put on 13. The birds _______ fly away last Saturday.
A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to
14. A strange sound ______ yesterday evening.
A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard
15. A beautiful bike _______ him by his classmates.
A. sent to B. will sent to
C. was sent to D. will be sent for 16. Miss Chen ______ just ______ to speak at the meeting.
A. has …been asked B. has been …asked
C. Have been … asked D. have …been asked
17. Meat _______ out in this shop . We can ____ now.
A. have been sold , get nothing
B. has been sold , get nothing
C. has been sold , get some
D. have been sold , get some18. The new play _______ in theatre now . Why don’t you go in and see it ?
A. is being shown B. is showing
C. is shown D. shows
19. Can you tell _______ ?
A. when did it happen B. when was it happened
C. when it happened D. when it was happened 20. ______ the job ______ by Lucy or by John ? Tell me the truth , please.
A. Has … finished
B. Has …being finished
C. Is …finish
D. Has …been finished 1.Our school _____　＿＿＿＿in 2002.(开办)
2.The young trees must____ ____ ______ well.
(照顾)
3. _____ this building_________(建成)last year?
4.The book _____ _______(写)by him last year.
5. The bridge _______ _______(不建造)in1989..
6.The 29th Olympic Games will____ ______
(举行) in UK in 2012.
was openedbe looked afterWas built was writtenwasn’t builtbe held完成下列句子：用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空
1. When _____ the first man-made satellite _______ （send）up into space ?
2. Last year vegetables _______ (grow）in the garden by Tom and he ______ (sell）them himself.
3. She ______ （help）him with his homework tomorrow evening.
4. How many magazines ______（ can borrow）in your library every week ? Homework5. John ______（hear）to go upstairs two hours ago.
6. －Who ______ （save）her father ?
－He ______ （save）by that policeman.