牛津译林版八年级下册寒假复习第1讲 要点回顾that,if,whether引导的宾语从句及练习(含答案)

文档属性

名称 牛津译林版八年级下册寒假复习第1讲 要点回顾that,if,whether引导的宾语从句及练习(含答案)
格式 docx
文件大小 29.9KB
资源类型 教案
版本资源 牛津译林版
科目 英语
更新时间 2023-01-25 17:05:33

图片预览

文档简介

第二讲 八下要点回顾 that,if,whether引导的宾语从句
一: that,if,whether引导的宾语从句
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是"是否"。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
二: 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。
1. 陈述句变为宾语从句,语序不变,即仍用陈述语序。
He is an honest boy. The teacher said.
→ The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.
2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句,语序变为陈述语序。
Does he work hard I wonder.
→ I wonder if/whether he works hard.
三: 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。
1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrrow.
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station
典例
The policeman asked the little boy if ________ his home.
A. he could find B. could he find C. he can find
【答案】A
【解析】句意:警察问那个小男孩能否找到他的家。考查宾语从句。he could find他能找到,陈述语序;could he find他能找到,疑问语序;he can find他能找到,陈述语序。分析句子结构可知此处是if引导的宾语从句,宾语从句要用陈述语序,排除B,结合主句中“asked”可知主句用一般过去时,从句要用过去时态,排除C。故选A。
2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
He told me that the earth is round.
宾语从句解题技巧
宾语从句须注意,几点事项应牢记。 一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。 陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if,whether)替; 特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。 二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。 主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意; 主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。 三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。
宾语从句语法详解
that引导的宾语从句
that 是宾语从句的一个引导词,放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来,故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中,that 作连接代词,无意义,在句中不作任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。
一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法
1. 位置:that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)、介词或形容词之后。
①作及物动词,如:say,think,tell,know,hear,see,hope,wish,remember,forget等的宾语。如: 
She says that she will help me learn English this evening.
她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。
②作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but,in之后。如:
He is a good boy except that he is careless.
他是一个好男孩,只是有点儿粗心。
③作"be + 形容词"结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,如:sure,glad,certain,pleased,sorry,happy,afraid等,连词that可省略。如:
I’m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。
2. 时态:主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态;主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较:
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。
【特别提醒】
当主句是一般过去时,而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时,此时宾语从句用一般现在时,这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如:
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。
3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况:
引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略:
She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。
I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。
I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。
He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。
He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。
I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。
I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。
Everybody knows (that) money doesn’t grow on trees. 众所周知,金钱是不会从树上长出来的。
I suggested (that) they should / shouldn’t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。
【注意】有时为了强调,that引导的宾语从句可位于句首,此时that不可省略:
That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘,我是知道的。
4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况:
that在引导宾语从句时,并不是在任何情况下都可以省略,在以下几种情况下,that不能省略。
①从句的主语是that时,that不能省略;
We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。
②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时,有时省去第一个从句的连词that,但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如:
He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.
他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。
③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。如:
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。
5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:
We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday.
小张昨天没来,我们觉得很奇怪。
6. 宾语从句的否定转移。
在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句,当主句的主语是第一人称时,谓语尽管是否定的意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式,英语称这种现象为否定转移。如:
①我认为今晚他不能来。
【误】I think he can’t come this evening.
【正】I don’t think he can come this evening.
②他认为我们现在不在教室里。
【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now.
【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now.
【特别警示】
含有"否定转移"现象的句子,主句的主语必须是第一人称,此时,变成反意疑问句,附加问句要由从句来决定;如果主句的主语是其他人称,附加问句要由主句来决定。如:
I don’t think he is right, is he 我认为他不对,是吗?
He thinks I can come, doesn’t he 他认为我能来,是不是?
7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如:hardly,never,seldom,no,few,little等,其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如:
We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he
我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈,是吗?
8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时,只变主句,不变从句。实际上,我们经常把It is said that ...(据说……);It is known that ...(众所周知……);It is reported that ...(据报告……)等当作固定句式来运用。如:
It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。
if/whether引导的宾语从句
当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时,常用if或whether引导宾语从句,if/whether意为"是否"。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see,ask,say,learn,tell,wonder,doubt,find out,be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后,二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中,可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性,两者都算标准。
I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。
Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam.
爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。
Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。
I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。
He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。
【拓展】
一般情况下,if和whether可互换,在口语中多用if, 而在以下几种情况下,只能用whether。
1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时,或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether,不用if。
I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。
I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I don’t know whether he will win or not.
I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not.
2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
He dosen’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。
Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。
Whether to go or stay is still a question.
I’m not sure whether to stay or leave.
I didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句,而If则不能。
It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。
Success depends on whether we make enough effort.
I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home.
It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时,用whether,不用if。
Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know.
Whether this is true, I can’t say.
Whether he is single, I don’t know.
5. 在某些动词(如discuss,decide)之后,只能用whether,而不用if引导宾语从句。
We discussed whether we should close the shop. (虚拟语气)
We discussed whether we should go there by plane.(虚拟语气)
We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. (虚拟语气)
6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时,只能用if,而不用whether。
He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work.
注意:doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’t doubt 意为相信,不怀疑,if是否表示疑虑。
第二部分 宾语从句专项训练
一、单项选择
1.We hope you ________ .
A.can come B.to come C.coming D.came
2.—Will he come
— I am not sure ______he will come, but I never doubt ______he will help us.
A.that; whether B.that; that C.whether; whether D.whether; that
3.You can believe in Jack. We never doubt ______ he is honest.
A.weather B.that C.whether D.if
4.Sunshine Town has changed a lot. I hope ____________it again some day.
A.you to visit B.to visit
C.I can visit D.B and C
5.I hope ________my birthday party next Saturday.
A.you to come to B.that you can come to
C.that you to come D.you come
6.— Excuse me, could you tell me _____
— Certainly, and the earlier, the better.
A.how long it will take to get to Hongkong
B.how soon can I take the direct flight to Hongkong
C.that I could buy a ticket to Hongkong
D.if I can book a direct flight to Hongkong online
7.The air in this room is not very fresh. Do you mind if I________.
A.write down the word B.cut out the picture
C.tidy up the room D.open the window
8.—Why was Tom crying just now —Because he didn’t know _______.
A.that he could finish his article on time B.whether he could finish his task alone
C.who can he ask for help with his problem D.why did he get such a low grade
9.--- The novel Black Beauty is very nice.
--- So it is. Could you tell me
A.how long I can borrow it B.if I can keep it for another week
C.when should I return it D.that I can borrow it
10.I don’t know    he will come tomorrow.    he comes,I’ll tell you.
A.if; whether B.whether; whether
C.if;That D.if; If
11.I don’t know if he _______ tomorrow. If he _________, please let me know.
A.will come; comes B.will come; will come
C.comes; comes D.comes; will come
12.I don’t know if he ____ tomorrow. If he ____ , I’ll tell him about it.
A.will come, will come B.comes, comes
C.comes, will come D.will come, comes
13.He asked me _______ I like the place _______ red.
A.if , marked in B.that , marked in
C.if , was marked in D.that , was marked with
14.—I don't know _________or not.
—Neither do I. You may ask his teacher.
A.whether is Li Hua at school B.if Li Hua is at school
C.that Li Hua is at school D.whether Li Hua is at school
15.It all depends on _____ you can support us.
A.if B.whether C.that D.what
16.I don’t know he will call me tomorrow. he calls, I will tell you.
A.whether; Whether B.if; If C.if; Whether
17.We'd like to know ________ or not.
A.whether he will come B.whether will he come C.if he will come
18.May I ask you __________
A.if or not there is a toilet near here
B.whether is there a school around here
C.that there is a hospital in the neighborhood
D.whether we should hand in the homework at once
19.—What did your cousin say to you
—He asked .
A.when I will go spring outing with him B.that I would go spring outing with him
C.whether I would go spring outing with him
20.---Can you guess if they speaking English with us
---I think they will do if they free.
A.will practice; are
B.will practice; will be
C.practicing; being
21.I never doubt ________ the Reed Flute Cave in Guilin is well worth ________.
A.whether; visiting B.if; a visit C.that; a visit D.that; to visit
22.—The Dragon Boat races are so exciting, but our boat is still behind.
—Don’t worry. I am sure _______ our team will win!
A.that B.if C.whether D.Why
二、汉译英
23.我认为对学生来讲很难在如此短的时间内解出这道题。
_________________________
24.我确信你们在中国逗留期间会过得很愉快的。
________________.
25.我认为我们应当防范交通事故。
__________________________________________________________________
26.我们从不怀疑David告诉了我们事实的真相。
_______________________________________________________
27.然而,有些人认为养宠物狗不是个好主意。
__________________________________________________
28.一些人认为养宠物狗是个好主意。
__________________________________________________
29.上周一老师告诉我们太阳比地球大的多。(bigger than)
_____________________________________
参考答案
1.A
【详解】
句意:我们希望你能来。
考查动词。根据动词hope的用法,hop后接句子作宾语,此处为省略了引导词that的宾语从句。由于是未发生的事,排除D;C不构成完整句,排除C;hope没有hope sb. to do 的用法,排除B。故选A。
【点睛】
hope的常见用法如下:①作名词,意为“希望”,是不可数名词;②作及物动词,意为“希望”,其后跟动词不定式作宾语,即hope to do sth.,意为“希望做某事”;③作及物动词,意为“希望”,其后跟宾语从句作宾语,通常可省略引导词that,即hope(+that)+句子。
2.D
【详解】
句意:——他会来吗?——我不确定他是否会来,但我不怀疑它会帮助我们。
考查宾语从句的连接词。根据be not sure(不确定,不清楚)可知,可知从句意思是“他是否会来”,whether是否,可知填whether;that引导陈述句的宾语从句,在句子中没有任何意义,根据句意可知填that;故选D。
3.B
【详解】
句意:你可以信任Jack,我们从来没有怀疑他是诚实的。weather天气;that引导宾语从句时,没有意义,在从句中也不做成分;whether是否;if是否。根据句子结构可知,这里是一个宾语从句,作doubt的宾语,主语是否定的意思,故宾语从句用that引导,选B。
点睛:doubt怀疑,可以做动词或者名词,做动词时,后面常跟宾语从句,用于肯定句中时,宾语从句用whether或者if引导;用于否定句中时,宾语从句用that引导。doubt做名词时,常用于句型There is no doubt that….毫无疑问…。
4.D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:阳光镇变化很大。我希望某天再次去参观。希望做某事:hope to do sth;希望某人做某事:不存在:hope sb. to do sth,但是可以用宾语从句。A错。故选D。
考点:考查动词用法。
5.B
【解析】
试题分析:hope后面不能接双宾语,通常用法是hope to do sth .希望做某事;hope+宾语从句(时态常常是will+动词原形)希望……做某事。结合语境可知选B。
考点:固定句式
点评:固定句式的考查也是英语考查的一个重点,熟记这些句式可以减少答题中的分析判断时间,所以平时加强句式记忆也是学好英语的关键环节。
6.D
【详解】
句意:——打扰一下,你能告诉我是否我能在网上订去香港的直达航班?——当然,越早越好。
考查宾语从句。首先根据“宾语从句中要用陈述句语序”的原则排除B选项;再由前句“could you tell me”可知,此处问的是一个问题,故排除C选项;由回答“Certainly, and the earlier, the better.”可知,排除A选项;故选D。
7.D
【详解】
句意:这个房间的空气不是很新鲜。你介意我打开窗户吗?
考查语境。A. write down the word写下这个单词;B. cut out the picture删除图画;C. tidy up the room收拾房间;D. open the window打开窗户。根据前句句意可知,是“打开窗户”,故选D。
8.B
【详解】
句意:——汤姆刚才为什么在哭?——因为他不知道他是否能单独完成任务。
考查宾语从句。根据句子结构可知,答句是一个包含有宾语从句的主从复合句。宾语从句要用陈述句的语序,即:主句+关联词+从句(主语+谓语+其他),所以可排除C、D两项。再由“he didn’t know”可知,从句应该是一个表示疑问的句子。故选B。
9.B
【详解】
句意:——小说《黑美人》很好看。——就是这样。你能告诉我能不能再借一个星期吗?
宾语从句要用陈述句语序,故C错误;根据Could you tell me可知后文是有疑问的,所以排除D;根据So it is.可知他已经对小说内容有所了解了,所以此处指是否能再借一周,故选B。
【点睛】
宾语从句主要注意三个方面:语序(从句要用陈述句语序);时态(一般情况主句时一般现在时,从句根据需要选择时态;主句时过去时态,从句用相应的过去时态。);引导词(引导词的选用往往要根据答语来确定)。
10.D
【详解】
句意:我不知道是否他明天回来,如果他来,我将告诉你。
本题考查连词的用法。第一个空是if引导宾语从句,主句是一般现在时,从句可以使用任何时态;第二个空是if引导条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则。根据句意,故选D。
11.A
【解析】
试题分析:考查if引出的条件状语从句、及宾语从句的时态。在if引出的条件状语从句中,用一般现在时态表将来;在宾语从句中,if引出的句子该用一般将来时要用一般将来时态。前句if是是否的意思,引出宾语从句;后句中if是如果,引出的是条件状语从句。故选A。
考点:宾语从句状语从句
12.D
【解析】
试题分析:if如果在宾语从句中,表示是否的意思,他的时态要根据自己本身来决定,;而在if 引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时代替将来时,本题第一空属于宾语从句,而后一句为条件状语从句,故选C。根据句意:我不知道他是否明天回来,如果他来,我将告诉他这件事。根据句意故选D
考点:考查动词时态。
13.A
【解析】
此题重点考察if引导的宾语从句;过去分词短语作定语表示被动意义。
14.D
【详解】
句意:——我不知道李华是不是在学校。——我也不知道。你可以问他的老师。
考查宾语从句。根据选项,此处考查if/whether的宾语从句;因为wether后跟or not,所以排除B、C;因宾语从句要去陈述语序,排除A,故选D。
15.B
【解析】
试题分析:句意:这一切取决于你可不可以支持我们。A.如果、是否;B.是否;C.那;D.什么;介词on后面用whether引导宾语从句。结合语境,故选B。
考点: 考查宾语从句的用法。
16.B
【详解】
句意:我不知道他明天是否会打电话给我。如果他打电话来,我会告诉你的。
考查宾语从句及条件状语从句。根据句意及句子结构可知,前句应为whether或if引导的宾语从句,表是否,即“我不知道他明天是否会打电话给我”。第二句为if引导的条件状语从句,表如果,即“如果他打电话来”。故选B。
17.A
【详解】
句意:我们想知道他是否将要来。
考查宾语从句用法。whether he will come是陈述句语序,他是否将要来; whether will he come他是否将要来,是疑问句语序;if he will come。固定搭配whether…or not是否,排除C;在宾语从句中要用陈述语序,排除疑问语序的B,故选A。
18.D
【解析】
试题分析:句意:我能问问你我们是否应该立刻交上作业?此题是考查宾语从句,宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,排除B;if不和or not连用,排除A;根据句意此题是问句所以引导词不能用that,排除C,因此此题选D。
考点:考查宾语从句的用法
19.C
【详解】
句意:——你的表弟对你说了什么?——他问我是否要和他一起去春游。
本题考查宾语从句。A. when I will go spring outing with him我何时和他一起去春游;B. that I would go spring outing with him我要和他一起去春游;C. whether I would go spring outing with him我是否要和他一起去春游。根据谓语asked可知,后面的宾语从句用过去将来时,排除A项。表示询问,用问句,故选C。
20.A
【解析】
试题分析:句意:---您能猜是否他们将和我一起练习英语吗?-----我认为如果他们有空,他们会的。上句是if引导的宾语从句根据语境可知用一般将来时,答语中if引导的是条件状语从句,遵循主句用将来时从句用一般现在时,根据语境可知故选A。
考点:考查宾语从句。
21.C
【详解】
句意:我从不怀疑桂林的芦笛岩值得一游。
考查doubt和be worth用法。doubt在肯定句中,其后接whether/if从句;在否定句和疑问句中,其后接that从句。根据“never”可知,本句是否定句,故用that引导从句。be worth“值得……”后可接名词或动名词,即is well worth visiting/a visit。故选C。
22.A
【详解】
句意:——龙舟比赛如此令人兴奋,但是我们的船仍在后面。——不要担心。我确信我们队会赢的。
考查宾语从句引导词。that引导陈述句作宾语从句;if是否,引导一般疑问句作宾语从句;whether是否,引导一般疑问句作宾语从句;why为什么,引导特殊疑问句作宾语从句。根据“Don’t worry. ”及“I am sure”可知,此处表示相信我们队一定会赢,故此处是陈述句作宾语从句,引导词应当用that。故选A。
23.I think it is hard for students to work out this problem in such a short time.
【详解】
此处是含有宾语从句的主从复合句,主句主语是I,think认为;从句引导词应该用that,可以省略,从句是句式:it is+形容词+for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事是……的;hard困难的;students学生;work out解决,解出;problem问题,this problem这道题;in such a short time在如此短的时间内。故填I think it is hard for students to work out this problem in such a short time.
24.I’m sure you will enjoy your stay in China
【详解】
根据标点符号可知,该句为陈述句。I’m sure我确定,you你们,enjoy your stay逗留期间过得很愉快,in China在中国。根据语境可知,该句为宾语从句,从句所说的“在中国逗留期间”还未发生,故应用一般将来时,故填I’m sure you will enjoy your stay in China。
25.I think we should guard against traffic accidents.
【详解】
本句为that(可省略)引导宾语从句,时态为一般现在时;I“我”作主句主语;think“认为”作主句谓语;we“我们”作从句主语;should“应该”,情态动词,其后接动词原形;guard against“防范”;traffic accidents“交通事故”,作宾语。故填I think we should guard against traffic accidents.
26.We never doubted that David told us the truth.
【详解】
结合语意,本句时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式;我们:we,作主语;从不:never;怀疑:doubt,其后加宾语从句;告诉我们真相:tell us the truth。故填We never doubted that David told us the truth.
27.However, some people don’t think that it’s a good idea to keep pet dogs.
【详解】
然而;however;有些人:some people;认为:think;养宠物狗:keep pet dogs;好主意:good idea。结合语境可知,此题为一般现在时,故填However, some people don’t think that it’s a good idea to keep pet dogs.
28.Some people think that it’s a good idea to keep pet dogs.
【详解】
一些人:some people;认为:think;养宠物狗:keep pet dogs;好主意:good idea。结合语境可知,此题为一般现在时,故填Some people think that it’s a good idea to keep pet dogs.
29.The teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth last Monday.
【详解】
the teacher特指某位老师,作主语;tell us that……意为“告诉我们……”,that(可省略)其后接一个宾语从句;the sun,特指太阳;the earth特指地球;……bigger than……意为“……与 ……相比是较大的”;last Monday意为“上周一”,放于句末;根据语境可知此题主句时态为一般过去时;其宾语从句用一般现在时,表示客观存在的真理。故填The teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth last Monday.