专题03 阅读理解题解题技巧---备考2023年中考英语二轮题型解读与技巧点拨（解析+原卷版）

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专题03 阅读理解题解题技巧
备考2023年中考英语二轮题型解读与技巧点拨
初中英语阅读理解题是考查学生英语水平的重要测试题型，在各地中考英语试卷中均占较大比重（通常占总分的20%左右）。英语阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学英语语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。根据部颁英语新课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。其中英语阅读理解需达到以下目标要求：
1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；
3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；
5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
6、能利用字典等工具进行学习；
7、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。
一、阅读理解题的命题类型及特征
【主旨大意题】
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主题句，因为一些显性的答案是可以从主题句中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。
主题句一般具有以下特征：
①概括全段思想。
②一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用单词、短语表达的。
③解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
主旨题常见的命题形式：
①The main idea of this text may be…….
②This passage is mainly about…….
③The author's purpose in writing this text…….
④Which of the following is the best title for the passage
⑤ What's the topic of the text
⑥The passage gives us is…...
【典例】The greatest help the passage gives us is ____.
A. to introduce a food guide to the world
B. to provide us with knowledge of six food groups
C. to suggest a way of eating for a healthy life
D. to find the main cause of some serious diseases
答案为C。不同的饮食习惯给我们的健康生活带来了不同的影响，而不是提供各种类型食物的知识等，因此不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，选择其它的选项。
【推断题】
这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题目一般都是深层意义的题目，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。解答这类题时，要求同学予以高度重视注意从话题出发，充分运用自己的逻辑思维能力，从文章的内在含义和字里行间中，从作者的态度和取向中获取信息，做出正确的判断。
应特别注意以下特征：
①吃透文章的表层意思，是推理的前提和基础；
②推理的根据来自于上下文；
③不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；
④在提问中常用的词有suggest,mean,infer(推断),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，according to"等。
推断题常有的命题形式：
① It can be known from the text that ….
② From the text we know that ….
③ The story implies that ….
④ The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ….
⑤ The writer suggests that….
【典例】It can be learned from the last paragraph (段落) that ____.
A.you are supposed to follow your parents’ words
B.students should not listen to music before exams
C.you have some good reasons to exercise to music
D.music might help you to get higher grades in tests
根据文中：A study showed students who listened to Mozart went on to score higher marks in an intelligence test. 这一个信息得知，科学家研究发现，凡是听莫扎特音乐的同学在智力测试中不断获得更高的分数。因而答案为D.
【事实细节题】
首先是直接理解性题目，这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案.另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。
【典例】Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. More and more people have good eating habits now.
B. Parents'eating habits are important to their children.
C. Good eating habits develop only when you are young.
D. The more fruit and vegetables we eat, the longer we will live.
这道题答案为B。文中：When parents have poor eating habits, their children usually do, too. After all, children eat the same way as their parents. 父母的饮食习惯不断地影响着孩子，因此对孩子非常重要。对于这类型的题只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来。
【猜测词义题】
这类问题主要考察学生两方面能力。根据上下文推测和判断生词、短语或句子在阅读材料中的含义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。猜词的活动是阅读中经常遇到的，阅读理解题目中的作为干扰项出现的错误选项，一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式；而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的
解这类题时应注意以下特点：
①注意一些过渡词语，如that is, this is, in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；
②注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。
③注意同义词、近义词、反义词、同位语、定语从句，相似或相反的结构等。
④对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等)，因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。
【典例】第一题：The underlined word enhance can be replaced by _______.
A. impress B. improve C. provide D. produce
此题答案为B,由上句improve一词可猜出enhance也是“提高”之意
【典例】第二题： “Flattened wheat” means _______ .
A. broken wheat B. lying wheat C. harvested wheat D. growing wheat
此题答案为B,此题是依据该短语前面的句子：Some of his wheat was lying on the ground .此外，还有明确的信息：The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken ;由此我们推测出“Flattened wheat”是lying wheat而不是broken wheat。
针对此类题型，考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文→段落→词语的步骤来解题。具体解题技巧如下：
【推理判断题】
此类试题要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。
1. 常见设问方式
此类试题中常含有“可能、也许”等词汇，如probably, might, possible, may等。具体设问形式如下：
(1)感受类
How did the writer/sb. feel when ...
(2)出处类
①In which part of the newspaper can you normally read this passage？
②You/We can probably read the article/passage in...
③This piece of passage may appear/be from..
(3)看法类
①What do you think of sb./sth.？/How do you like sb./sth.？
②It's clear that...
(4)判断正误类
Which is (NOT) TRUE according to the passage？
(5)其他类
①From the passage, we know/learn/see that...
②According to the passage, sb....
③Which of the following sentence best describes...
④Which of the following is the missing part in the last paragraph
【逻辑推论题】
(1)根据上下文的逻辑得出结论
逻辑推论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。解答这类试题的前提是获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行推断。
【典例剖析】Pituco is a special dog from Brazil. Why do I say so Because he can go shopping all by himself. Every day, Pituco goes to Agro Pet to get his food. That makes him popular.“Everybody knows Pituco，”says the animal doctor of the shop. “Sometimes, when he can’t reach what he wants, he barks(吠叫) until we hand it to him.” 60. From the passage, we learn that Pituco is a _____ dog.
A. quiet B. strong C. clever D. brave
【点拨】根据文章介绍Pituco可以自己购物的事实可知，他应该是非常聪明的，由此锁定正确答案C。
根据作者的思想倾向和感彩判断观点态度,所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。
作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词或副词。
【典例剖析】 She brought us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other. There was a large round object on her desk. It was black. But when she asked the boy, he answered, “White.”I couldn’t believe it! Another argument started, this time about the color of the object.
62. How did the writer feel when the boy said the object was white
A. Surprised. B. Worried. C. Happy. D. Angry.
【点拨】通过“I couldn't believe it！”推断出作者是“惊奇的surprised”。
(3)根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处
判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容来着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等，广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖，时效性强。
【数字计算题】
此类试题往往涉及多处信息，考生应处处留心。具体方法如下：
1. 仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。
2. 根据题干中的关键词准确定位到文中或图表中的句子，根据句子提供的数据以及数据与文中其他信息的关系进行简单的计算和推断。
【典例剖析】I have been a taxi driver for over ten years. It’s a good job most of the time. I meet a lot of people. I always work at night because there is too much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles outside London. I usually go to work at half past five in the afternoon and go back home at 2 in the morning.
45. How long did the driver work every day
A. Eight and a half hours. B. Eight hours. C. Nine hours. D. Eight and half an hour.
【点拨】根据最后一句“I usually go to work at half past five in the afternoon and go back home at 2 in the morning.”可知作者在下午五点半上班，凌晨两点下班。据此计算得出作者的工作时长为八个半小时。由此得出正确答案是A。词/句义猜测此类题的目的在于检测学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的理解能力。
【词/句义猜测题】
类型主要有三种：熟词新义。要求学生在某一特定的语言环境下推断某一多义词的准确意思；
2. 生词释义。要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义；
3. 难句释义。要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
解答此类题，考生可以参考以下解题技巧：
(1)、根据上下文语境猜测词/句义。
有些单词或句子不能直接猜测出其意思，但可以根据上下文的提示来进行推测。
【典例剖析】 Street performers(表演者) used to be street musicians(音乐人) before. The history of street musicians can go back to the Middle Ages(中世纪) in Europe. They were called “troubadours” then. Nowadays, street performers are not only musicians. They can be actors, clowns, dancers,storytellers and so on. Most people call street performers “buskers” now.People often come across buskers on busy shopping streets and near parks and watch their shows. In return, they give the buskers some money before they move on.
48. What does the underlined word “return” (Paragraph 1)mean in Chinese
A. 交换 B. 返程 C. 交流 D. 讨论
【点拨】根据第一段倒数第二句并结合划线单词所在的句子可知，街头艺人表演，观众作为交换，给他们一些钱，由此得出正确答案是A。
(2)、通过定义、定语(从句)、同位语(从句)及举例来猜测词义。
定义或解释形式多样，常由is, that is(to say)，in other words, call, mean, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的词，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
另外，恰当的举例也能够提供猜测生词词义的重要线索。
【典例剖析】 The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.
What’s the meaning of the word “sewage”in the article
A. 吸尘 B. 洗涤 C. 安全 D. 排污
【点拨】根据下一句句意“sewage system 带走厕所、浴缸以及其他地方使用过的水。”可知，sewage指的是排污。
(3)、通过构词法来猜测词义。
有些生词很难通过上下文来推测其词义，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时，掌握一些常用的词根、词缀、后缀等构词法知识就很容易推测。
【典例剖析】 Micheal felt shameful，but he could not say anything about it. Soon his classmates called him a thief and laughed at him at school.
57. The underlined word “shameful” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 害怕的 B. 高兴的 C. 伤心的 D. 羞耻的
【点拨】shame为名词，意为“羞耻，羞愧”。shameful为shame的形容词形式，由此可知选 D。
(4)、通过生活常识来猜测词义。
【典例剖析】 For example, sunglasses are not just fashionable but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UVrays．
54. What do the underlined words “UV rays” mean
A. 沙尘 B. 闪电 C. 紫外线 D. 超声波
【点拨】根据划线词组所在句，并联系常识可知，戴太阳镜不仅仅只是一种时尚潮流，还可以保护视力不受紫外线的伤害。故选C。
(4)、通过同义词、近义词或者词语之间的对等关系来猜测词义。
在文章中，有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或者近义词。在这种情况下，就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系从熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二是要看在进一步的解释过程中所使用的同义词。
【典例剖析】 In the US, for example, if the police catch a drunk driver, the driver will pay a fine, lose his or her license and even go to prison.
52. What does the underlined part “a fine” mean
A. health B. weather C. money D. time
【点拨】and连接的单词词义相近，but连接的单词词义相对或相反。由“lose his or her license and even go to prison”可知划线部分和后面一样属于惩罚措施，只有C项符合。
主旨/段落大意、标题归纳和写作意图
【主旨/段落大意题】
主旨/段落大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章或段落进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类试题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
1）.常见设问方式
（1）The passage is mainly about ________
（2）What is the passage mainly about
（3）What can we learn from the story/passage？
（4）What does this passage mainly talk about？
（5）The passage (mainly) tells us ________．
（6）From the story/passage, we can know/learn that ________．
（7）What is the main idea of this passage？
（8）The main idea of the passage is ________．
2）.解题技巧
“主题句定位法”是一种掌握全文或段落主旨大意行之有效的方法。主题句在文章中的位置，通常有以下四种情况：
（1）开门见山式
主题句出现在文(段)首。开门见山，提出主题， 随之用细节来解释、论证或体现主题思想。
（2）藏头露尾式
主题句出现在文(段)尾。文章先阐述细节，然后归 纳要点，得出结论，概括主题，即归纳写作法。此类文章主题句往往位于末段。
（3）首尾呼应式
在有些文章中，为了突出主题，文章开头提出主题。接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题，进一步深化主题。
（4）藏龙卧虎式
主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括出文章的主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容，以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找共同点， 然后加以归纳形成主题。
【标题归纳题】
选择标题在英语阅读理解题中属于标题归纳题，是深层理解题。常见的设问方式和解题技巧如下：
1. 常见设问方式
（1）Which is the best title for/of the passage？
（2）The best title for the passage can be/is ________．
2. 解题技巧
通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。解题时要注意：
(1)关注核心及高频词汇
在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题。
(2)根据主题句提炼标题
标题对文章的主题具有概括性。因此，寻找文章的主题句是解答标题归纳题的核心。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
写作意图题
此类试题要求考生推断作者的写作目的。题干中常有“purpose”一词。考生在解题时，一般可结合文章的主旨和文体来答题。
1. 常见设问方式
(1)The main purpose of this passage is to ________．
(2)The writer wrote the passage to advise people ________．
(3)In the passage, the writer wants to tell us that _______．
(4)What’s the purpose of the passage？
2. 解题技巧
(1)主旨推断法
写作意图与文章主旨密切相关。因此，解答此类试题与解答主旨大意题和标题归纳题一样，要采用略读法，即重点关注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。
(2)文体推断法
①议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点，倡导某种做法等。
②说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识，提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁，或希望有关部门或人士对某种现象给予重视。
③记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历，告诉读者一个有趣的故事，使读者获得乐趣；若是夹叙夹议的文章，则是表达作者的感悟或给读者某种教育或启示。
三、【学以致用】
A
（2022·内蒙古·模拟预测）
To prevent the spread of COVID-19, different countries take different measures. Most of them copy China’s successful measures. It means people are not allowed to go out of their doors without the permission (许可) from the government. Let’s see some unusual ways of locking down and quarantining (隔离).
PanamaThe central American country, which has had close to 1,000 confirmed (确诊) cases, has announced strict quarantine measures to people. From April 1st, people will be able to be away from their homes for two hours at a time, and on different ways. No one will be allowed to go out on Sundays.
ColombiaIn some Colombian towns, people are allowed outside based on the last number of their national ID number. For example, people in Barrancabermeja with an ID number ending in 0, 7 or 4 are allowed to leave the house on Mondays, while those with an ID number ending in 1,8 or 5 can go outside on Tuesdays.
SwedenUnlike its neighbors, Sweden is pretty relaxed about COVID-19, even though there are close to 4,500 confirmed cases in this small country. The government hopes people will behave sensibly, and believes they will do the right things. Gatherings of more than 50 people aren’t allowed on Sundays, but schools for children under the age of 16 remain open. Restaurants can still offer table service as usual.
根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。
Which country’s measures are copied by other countries according to the passage
A．Panama’s. B．Colombia’s. C．Sweden’s. D．China’s.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．In China, the government allows people to go out whenever they want.
B．In Panama, people can be away from their homes for three hours every day.
C．In Colombia, people with an ID number ending in 5 can leave the house on Mondays.
D．In Sweden, people can eat in the restaurants as usual.
3．How many confirmed cases were there in Panama when it took strict quarantine measures
A．Less than 16. B．More than 50.
C．Close to 1,000. D．Close to 4,500.
4．What does the underline word “sensibly” mean
A．明智地 B．礼貌地 C．快速地 D．宽容地
5．Where is the passage probably from
A．A game show. B．A news report.
C．A school survey. D．A family letter.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B
【导语】本文介绍了如何防止新冠病毒的传播。
1．细节理解题。根据“Most of them copy China’s successful measures.”可知，中国的措施被其他国家效仿了。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Restaurants can still offer table service as usual.”可知，在瑞典，人们可以像往常一样在餐馆吃饭。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“The central American country, which has had close to 1,000 confirmed (确诊) cases, has announced strict quarantine measures to people.”可知，这个中美洲国家已经有近1000例确诊病例，已宣布对人们采取严格的隔离措施。故选C。
4．词义猜测题。根据“and believes they will do the right things.”相信他们会做正确的事情可知，这里的sensibly应该是“明智地”的意思。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据“Let’s see some unusual ways of locking down and quarantining (隔离).”及下文的介绍可知，本文应该来自于新闻报道。故选B。
B
（2022·广东韶关·校考二模）
A record of 1,101 manatees(海牛) died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts thought up a plan to give food to the manatees. They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Ron Mezich, an expert, said, “We’re making a difference.” So far, they have served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry manatees. But as the weather is getting warm, the program is expected to end soon.
Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”. Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals. Most dangers to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems facing the animals are boats. Manatees are curious (好奇的) and fairly slow. That has led to thousands of manatees being hit or killed by boats. At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.
However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again. Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow. For example, in Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of the sea grass beds there have died off. Long term, Florida will work to help restore (恢复) sea grass beds. But that will take time. Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.
6．Why are manatees sometimes called “sea cows”
A．They are as big as cows. B．They can swim like cows.
C．They have tails like cows. D．They feed on plants like cows.
7．How has the number of manatees changed over years
A． B． C． D．
8．Which shows the correct order of the causes of manatees’ death
A．sea pollution→growth of algae→death of see grass→death of manatees
B．growth of algae→sea pollution→death of see grass→death of manatees
C．sea pollution→death of see grass→growth of algae→death of manatees
D．growth of algae→death of see grass→sea pollution→death of manatees
9．What is the meaning of the underlined word “block”
A．provide B．prevent C．help D．attract
10．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Manatees Feeding Program B．Money Given to Save Manatees
C．Sea Grass Bed Restored for Manatees D．Reasons for Manatees’ Death Still Unclear
【答案】6．D 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题以及政府的保护措施。
6．细节理解题。根据“Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”可知，因为它们像牛一样以植物为食，故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据“Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals”“With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees”可知，1967年海牛的数量是比较低的，在政府的保护下，2016年数量有所增长，结合“However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again”可知，现在又因为海草的问题，海牛的数量又下降了，B选项符合，故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据“Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface”可知，海水的污染造成了海藻的生长，所以先是sea pollution，再是growth of algae，A选项符合，故选A。
9．词义猜测题。根据前文“Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. ”可知，藻类生长在海洋表面，可以推测，它们会阻挡阳光。所以这里block意思是“阻挡，阻止”，和prevent意思相同。故选B。
10．最佳标题题。本文通过描述海牛所面临的问题，来介绍政府为此想出的拯救计划，所以最合适本文的标题是“Manatees Feeding Program”，故选A。
C
（2022·江西南昌·校考一模）
On July 14, Sun Gang, a truck driver, drove his truck to a repair shop. Unexpectedly, the truck caught fire while the repairmen were working on it.
Around the shop there are lots of houses as well as a gas station. Sun was worried that the fire might cause an explosion (爆炸). At the time, Sun didn’t have time to think a lot. He jumped into the truck and drove it away, with fire all around him. “It was so dangerous that I didn’t want others to get involved (受牵连的),” Sun said. He drove the truck to the open ground and watched it burn there.
The truck had cost all of Sun’s money. Sun used it to transport different kinds of products between cities to make a living. After the accident, everyone in Sun’s family was just happy that no one was hurt. But at the same time, they were all upset because the truck was gone, and they had to start all over again.
Yet good things happened to good people. After the video of Sun driving away the burning truck got hot online, Sun received a phone call from a truck company (公司). It would like to send Sun a new truck as a prize for doing something good. The reward (奖励) was also given to “encourage goodness in society so that more people will stand up and make the right choice in the face of danger.”
“I couldn’t believe it,” Sun said excitedly. “I have decided to give away the money from the first business using the new truck to help others.”
11．How does the writer introduce the topic
A．By comparing two products. B．By providing the background.
C．By explaining the meaning. D．By giving some questions.
12．How did Sun prevent the burning truck from hurting others Put the events in right order.
a. Sun watched the burning truck burn on the open ground.
b. Sun’s truck caught fire suddenly while being repaired.
c. Sun drove his truck to a repair shop to have it repaired.
d. Sun drove the burning truck away to the open ground quickly.
A．abed. B．bdca. C．cbda. D．dcba.
13．How was the change of Sun’s feelings according to the passage
A．Unexpected→excited→happy→worried→upset.
B．Excited→upset→unexpected→happy→worried.
C．Worried→upset→unexpected→happy→excited.
D．Unexpected→worried→happy→upset→excited.
14．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．That he would be sent a new truck as a prize. B．That his truck had burned down completely.
C．That his video could get hot on the Internet. D．That he had to start all over again.
【答案】11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A
【导语】本文介绍了货车司机孙刚冒死开走起火货车的故事。
11．推理判断题。根据“On July 14, Sun Gang, a truck driver, drove his truck to a repair shop. Unexpectedly, the truck caught fire while the repairmen were working on it.”可知此处介绍了故事的发生背景。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“On July 14, Sun Gang, a truck driver, drove his truck to a repair shop. Unexpectedly, the truck caught fire while the repairmen were working on it.”可知孙刚先开车去修了，然后货车起火，即cb；根据“ He drove the truck to the open ground and watched it burn there.”可知看到货车着火后，司机将货车开到空地，看着它着火，即da，正确顺序cbda。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Unexpectedly, the truck caught fire while the repairmen were working on it.”可知孙刚最初感受是很意外，根据第二段“Around the shop there are lots of houses as well as a gas station. Sun was worried that the fire might cause an explosion (爆炸). ”可知孙刚紧接着很担心；根据“After the accident, everyone in Sun’s family was just happy that no one was hurt. But at the same time, they were all upset because the truck was gone, and they had to start all over again.”可知知道没人受伤，他很高兴，但是紧接着，就很心烦意乱，因为货车没了；根据最后一段“ Sun said excitedly.”可知知道自己被奖励货车后，他很兴奋。故选D。
14．词义推断题。根据“After the video of Sun driving away the burning truck got hot online, Sun received a phone call from a truck company (公司). It would like to send Sun a new truck as a prize for doing something good. ”可知it指代货车公司打算奖励给他货车的事。故选A。
D
（2022·浙江温州·温州市第二实验中学校考一模）
People love walking through a giant puzzle. In a corn maze, they can follow miles of paths and run into lots of dead ends before they finally find their way out. The corn maze has been growing for almost 30 years.
Simple corn mazes began appearing in the 1980s. In 1993, the first big corn maze created for the public to enjoy was made in Annville Pennsylvania, by Don Frantz. Then, in a cornfield as big as two and a half football fields, Mr. Frantz cut “The Amazing Maize Maze” with the help of his family and friends. When it was done, almost two miles of pathways snaked through the cornfield. Since then, thousands of corn mazes have been created around the world.
For many farmers, a corn maze means a boost of extra income. During the opening weekend, 6,000 visitors came to get lost in Mr. Frantz’s maze. Charging only $5 per person, he earned almost $ 32,000 in two weeks.
Brett Herbst is also a maze designer. In 1999 he set a world record for the world’s largest corn maze, an image of the solar system with nine planets in it. He now has a business called The MAiZE, which has designed more than 4,000 mazes around the world. “Corn mazes help people connect with their roots,” he says. “People are so far removed from farm life that they are drawn to something real, something organic.”
Today, a great number of people enjoy seeking fun in a corn maze. Mr. Herbst says, “When we see families at the farm having fun, we know that they are making memories that will last a lifetime.”
15．The first big corn maze for the public appeared in ________.
A．1980 B．1985 C．1993 D．1999
16．According to the passage, “The Amazing Maize Maze” ________.
A．was smaller than a football field B．allowed visitors to have fun for free
C．was created by Don Frantz alone D．attracted many visitors at the beginning
17．Which picture shows the maze designed by Brett Herbst
A． B． C． D．
18．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Corn Maze—A True Story of Puzzles
B．Corn Maze—Designing Your Puzzle
C．Corn Maze—The Puzzle on the Farm
D．Corn Maze—Connecting Your Roots
【答案】15．C 16．D 17．B 18．C
【导语】本文主要介绍农场上的谜题——玉米迷宫。玉米迷宫有近30年历史了。20世纪80年代开始出现简单的玉米迷宫。1993年，Don Frantz在安维尔制作了第一个供公众欣赏的大型玉米迷宫。1999年，Brett Herbst创造了世界上最大的玉米迷宫的世界纪录，这是一个有九颗行星的太阳系图像。玉米迷宫为游客增加了乐趣，制造一辈子的回忆，增加了农民收入。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In 1993, the first big corm maze created for the public to enjoy was made in Annville Pennsylvania, by Don Frantz.”可知，第一个供公众欣赏的大型玉米迷宫是1993年创建的。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mr. Frantz cut “The Amazing Maize Maze” with the help of his family and friends.”和第三段“During the opening weekend, 6,000 visitors came to get lost in Mr. Frantz’s maze.”可知，“神奇的玉米迷宫”一开始吸引了许多游客。故选D。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段“In 1999 he set a world record for the world’s largest corn maze, an image of the solar system with nine planets in it.”可知，Brett Herbst 设计的玉米迷宫是有九颗行星的太阳系图像。故选B。
18．最佳标题。本文主要介绍农场上的谜题——玉米迷宫。玉米迷宫为游客增加了乐趣，制造一辈子的回忆，增加了农民收入。由此可知，本文最佳标题是《玉米迷宫——农场上的谜题》。故选C。
E
（2022·广东江门·统考一模）
Not everyone is born smart or good at sports. But everyone can study to become smarter and train to get better at sports. Science shows that anyone can get better skills.
Your brain is made up of billions of neurons（神经元）. They are all connected and send messages to each other. Scientists have found that when we learn, neurons make new connections and old connections grow stronger. But if connections aren’t used, they will break down. So, learning is like exercise for your brain.
A mindset is a way of thinking. Some people have a fixed mindset. They think they are either smart or stupid and they will stay that way forever. Other people have a growth mindset and they think they can learn and get better.
According to Dr. Carol Dweck’s studies, people with a fixed mindset worry about grades. They’re afraid of looking stupid when they make mistakes. People with a growth mindset care about learning, not grades. They learn from their mistakes and try to find different ways of solving problems. They ask for help when necessary. In only two years, babies learn to walk, talk and feed themselves. They never worry about looking stupid when learning. If they make mistakes, they just try again.
Dweck’s team discovered that kids can choose to have a growth mindset. They can do better in school. So notice what mindset you have. If you ever think yourself stupid, it’s not true. You just have not learned how to do something yet.
19．Everyone can get better skills by ________.
A．eating healthy food B．getting enough exercise
C．sleeping well D．studying or training
20．When you learn, neurons will ________.
A．collect messages B．make new connections
C．make old connections weaker D．break down
21．The underlined word “fixed” in the passage means ________ in Chinese.
A．变化的 B．固定的 C．聪明的 D．修复的
22．The writer gives the example of babies in Paragraph 4 to show ________.
A．babies learn skills faster than older people
B．babies have fewer worries than older people
C．babies learn from mistakes to learn new skills
D．babies easily make mistakes in daily life
23．The passage is about to ________.
A．advise us to choose the proper way of thinking B．advise us to learn with smart people
C．show us how neurons work in our brains D．compare two special ways of thinking
【答案】19．D 20．B 21．B 22．C 23．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了心态的重要性。
19．细节理解题。根据“But everyone can study to become smarter and train to get better at sports. Science shows that anyone can get better skills.”可知，每个人都可以通过学习或培训获得更好的技能，故选D。
20．细节理解题。根据“Scientists have found that when we learn, neurons make new connections and old connections grow stronger. ”可知，当我们学习时，神经元会建立新的连接，旧的连接会变得更强，故选B。
21．词义猜测题。根据“They think they are either smart or stupid and they will stay that way forever”可知，他们认为自己不是聪明就是愚蠢，而且他们会永远这样，可知划线处指这些人有一个固定的心态，故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据“In only two years, babies learn to walk, talk and feed themselves. They never worry about looking stupid when learning. If they make mistakes, they just try again”可知，婴儿在初学走路，讲话时不会担心因为犯错而看起来很蠢，出错了继续尝试，所以给出婴儿的例子是为了告诉我们婴儿从错误中学习新技能，故选C。
23．主旨大意题。根据“So notice what mindset you have. If you ever think yourself stupid, it’s not true. You just have not learned how to do something yet.”可知，本文主要介绍了心态的重要性，因此建议我们要有正确的思维方式，故选A。
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专题03 阅读理解题解题技巧
备考2023年中考英语二轮题型解读与技巧点拨
初中英语阅读理解题是考查学生英语水平的重要测试题型，在各地中考英语试卷中均占较大比重（通常占总分的20%左右）。英语阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学英语语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。根据部颁英语新课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。其中英语阅读理解需达到以下目标要求：
1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；
2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；
3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；
4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；
5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；
6、能利用字典等工具进行学习；
7、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。
一、阅读理解题的命题类型及特征
【主旨大意题】
阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主题句，因为一些显性的答案是可以从主题句中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。
主题句一般具有以下特征：
①概括全段思想。
②一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用单词、短语表达的。
③解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
主旨题常见的命题形式：
①The main idea of this text may be…….
②This passage is mainly about…….
③The author's purpose in writing this text…….
④Which of the following is the best title for the passage
⑤ What's the topic of the text
⑥The passage gives us is…...
【典例】The greatest help the passage gives us is ____.
A. to introduce a food guide to the world
B. to provide us with knowledge of six food groups
C. to suggest a way of eating for a healthy life
D. to find the main cause of some serious diseases
答案为C。不同的饮食习惯给我们的健康生活带来了不同的影响，而不是提供各种类型食物的知识等，因此不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，选择其它的选项。
【推断题】
这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题目一般都是深层意义的题目，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。解答这类题时，要求同学予以高度重视注意从话题出发，充分运用自己的逻辑思维能力，从文章的内在含义和字里行间中，从作者的态度和取向中获取信息，做出正确的判断。
应特别注意以下特征：
①吃透文章的表层意思，是推理的前提和基础；
②推理的根据来自于上下文；
③不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；
④在提问中常用的词有suggest,mean,infer(推断),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，according to"等。
推断题常有的命题形式：
① It can be known from the text that ….
② From the text we know that ….
③ The story implies that ….
④ The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ….
⑤ The writer suggests that….
【典例】It can be learned from the last paragraph (段落) that ____.
A.you are supposed to follow your parents’ words
B.students should not listen to music before exams
C.you have some good reasons to exercise to music
D.music might help you to get higher grades in tests
根据文中：A study showed students who listened to Mozart went on to score higher marks in an intelligence test. 这一个信息得知，科学家研究发现，凡是听莫扎特音乐的同学在智力测试中不断获得更高的分数。因而答案为D.
【事实细节题】
首先是直接理解性题目，这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案.另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。
【典例】Which of the following is true according to the passage
A. More and more people have good eating habits now.
B. Parents'eating habits are important to their children.
C. Good eating habits develop only when you are young.
D. The more fruit and vegetables we eat, the longer we will live.
这道题答案为B。文中：When parents have poor eating habits, their children usually do, too. After all, children eat the same way as their parents. 父母的饮食习惯不断地影响着孩子，因此对孩子非常重要。对于这类型的题只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来。
【猜测词义题】
这类问题主要考察学生两方面能力。根据上下文推测和判断生词、短语或句子在阅读材料中的含义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。猜词的活动是阅读中经常遇到的，阅读理解题目中的作为干扰项出现的错误选项，一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式；而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的
解这类题时应注意以下特点：
①注意一些过渡词语，如that is, this is, in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；
②注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。
③注意同义词、近义词、反义词、同位语、定语从句，相似或相反的结构等。
④对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等)，因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。
【典例】第一题：The underlined word enhance can be replaced by _______.
A. impress B. improve C. provide D. produce
此题答案为B,由上句improve一词可猜出enhance也是“提高”之意
【典例】第二题： “Flattened wheat” means _______ .
A. broken wheat B. lying wheat C. harvested wheat D. growing wheat
此题答案为B,此题是依据该短语前面的句子：Some of his wheat was lying on the ground .此外，还有明确的信息：The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken ;由此我们推测出“Flattened wheat”是lying wheat而不是broken wheat。
针对此类题型，考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，发现文章中的细节信息，然后遵循由整体到细节的原则，把握作者的思路，按全文→段落→词语的步骤来解题。具体解题技巧如下：
【推理判断题】
此类试题要求考生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义。
1. 常见设问方式
此类试题中常含有“可能、也许”等词汇，如probably, might, possible, may等。具体设问形式如下：
(1)感受类
How did the writer/sb. feel when ...
(2)出处类
①In which part of the newspaper can you normally read this passage？
②You/We can probably read the article/passage in...
③This piece of passage may appear/be from..
(3)看法类
①What do you think of sb./sth.？/How do you like sb./sth.？
②It's clear that...
(4)判断正误类
Which is (NOT) TRUE according to the passage？
(5)其他类
①From the passage, we know/learn/see that...
②According to the passage, sb....
③Which of the following sentence best describes...
④Which of the following is the missing part in the last paragraph
【逻辑推论题】
(1)根据上下文的逻辑得出结论
逻辑推论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论。解答这类试题的前提是获得短文的主题思想或列举的具体事实，然后按题目的要求进行推断。
【典例剖析】Pituco is a special dog from Brazil. Why do I say so Because he can go shopping all by himself. Every day, Pituco goes to Agro Pet to get his food. That makes him popular.“Everybody knows Pituco，”says the animal doctor of the shop. “Sometimes, when he can’t reach what he wants, he barks(吠叫) until we hand it to him.” 60. From the passage, we learn that Pituco is a _____ dog.
A. quiet B. strong C. clever D. brave
【点拨】根据文章介绍Pituco可以自己购物的事实可知，他应该是非常聪明的，由此锁定正确答案C。
根据作者的思想倾向和感彩判断观点态度,所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。
作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词或副词。
【典例剖析】 She brought us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on the other. There was a large round object on her desk. It was black. But when she asked the boy, he answered, “White.”I couldn’t believe it! Another argument started, this time about the color of the object.
62. How did the writer feel when the boy said the object was white
A. Surprised. B. Worried. C. Happy. D. Angry.
【点拨】通过“I couldn't believe it！”推断出作者是“惊奇的surprised”。
(3)根据文章体裁和内容推断文章出处
判断文章出处的题目应从文章的体裁和内容来着手。一般来说，报纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等，广告类文章因其格式特殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章如器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章一般比较新颖，时效性强。
【数字计算题】
此类试题往往涉及多处信息，考生应处处留心。具体方法如下：
1. 仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。
2. 根据题干中的关键词准确定位到文中或图表中的句子，根据句子提供的数据以及数据与文中其他信息的关系进行简单的计算和推断。
【典例剖析】I have been a taxi driver for over ten years. It’s a good job most of the time. I meet a lot of people. I always work at night because there is too much traffic during the day. I live twenty miles outside London. I usually go to work at half past five in the afternoon and go back home at 2 in the morning.
45. How long did the driver work every day
A. Eight and a half hours. B. Eight hours. C. Nine hours. D. Eight and half an hour.
【点拨】根据最后一句“I usually go to work at half past five in the afternoon and go back home at 2 in the morning.”可知作者在下午五点半上班，凌晨两点下班。据此计算得出作者的工作时长为八个半小时。由此得出正确答案是A。词/句义猜测此类题的目的在于检测学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的理解能力。
【词/句义猜测题】
类型主要有三种：熟词新义。要求学生在某一特定的语言环境下推断某一多义词的准确意思；
2. 生词释义。要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义；
3. 难句释义。要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
解答此类题，考生可以参考以下解题技巧：
(1)、根据上下文语境猜测词/句义。
有些单词或句子不能直接猜测出其意思，但可以根据上下文的提示来进行推测。
【典例剖析】 Street performers(表演者) used to be street musicians(音乐人) before. The history of street musicians can go back to the Middle Ages(中世纪) in Europe. They were called “troubadours” then. Nowadays, street performers are not only musicians. They can be actors, clowns, dancers,storytellers and so on. Most people call street performers “buskers” now.People often come across buskers on busy shopping streets and near parks and watch their shows. In return, they give the buskers some money before they move on.
48. What does the underlined word “return” (Paragraph 1)mean in Chinese
A. 交换 B. 返程 C. 交流 D. 讨论
【点拨】根据第一段倒数第二句并结合划线单词所在的句子可知，街头艺人表演，观众作为交换，给他们一些钱，由此得出正确答案是A。
(2)、通过定义、定语(从句)、同位语(从句)及举例来猜测词义。
定义或解释形式多样，常由is, that is(to say)，in other words, call, mean, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的词，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
另外，恰当的举例也能够提供猜测生词词义的重要线索。
【典例剖析】 The kitchen rubbish is broken into small pieces and sent into the sewage system. The sewage system takes away the used water from toilets, bathtubs and other places.
What’s the meaning of the word “sewage”in the article
A. 吸尘 B. 洗涤 C. 安全 D. 排污
【点拨】根据下一句句意“sewage system 带走厕所、浴缸以及其他地方使用过的水。”可知，sewage指的是排污。
(3)、通过构词法来猜测词义。
有些生词很难通过上下文来推测其词义，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时，掌握一些常用的词根、词缀、后缀等构词法知识就很容易推测。
【典例剖析】 Micheal felt shameful，but he could not say anything about it. Soon his classmates called him a thief and laughed at him at school.
57. The underlined word “shameful” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 害怕的 B. 高兴的 C. 伤心的 D. 羞耻的
【点拨】shame为名词，意为“羞耻，羞愧”。shameful为shame的形容词形式，由此可知选 D。
(4)、通过生活常识来猜测词义。
【典例剖析】 For example, sunglasses are not just fashionable but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UVrays．
54. What do the underlined words “UV rays” mean
A. 沙尘 B. 闪电 C. 紫外线 D. 超声波
【点拨】根据划线词组所在句，并联系常识可知，戴太阳镜不仅仅只是一种时尚潮流，还可以保护视力不受紫外线的伤害。故选C。
(4)、通过同义词、近义词或者词语之间的对等关系来猜测词义。
在文章中，有时作者为避免重复，或为了表达同一事物的不同种类，使用同义词或者近义词。在这种情况下，就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系从熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二是要看在进一步的解释过程中所使用的同义词。
【典例剖析】 In the US, for example, if the police catch a drunk driver, the driver will pay a fine, lose his or her license and even go to prison.
52. What does the underlined part “a fine” mean
A. health B. weather C. money D. time
【点拨】and连接的单词词义相近，but连接的单词词义相对或相反。由“lose his or her license and even go to prison”可知划线部分和后面一样属于惩罚措施，只有C项符合。
主旨/段落大意、标题归纳和写作意图
【主旨/段落大意题】
主旨/段落大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章或段落进行归纳、概括或评价。解答此类试题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
1）.常见设问方式
（1）The passage is mainly about ________
（2）What is the passage mainly about
（3）What can we learn from the story/passage？
（4）What does this passage mainly talk about？
（5）The passage (mainly) tells us ________．
（6）From the story/passage, we can know/learn that ________．
（7）What is the main idea of this passage？
（8）The main idea of the passage is ________．
2）.解题技巧
“主题句定位法”是一种掌握全文或段落主旨大意行之有效的方法。主题句在文章中的位置，通常有以下四种情况：
（1）开门见山式
主题句出现在文(段)首。开门见山，提出主题， 随之用细节来解释、论证或体现主题思想。
（2）藏头露尾式
主题句出现在文(段)尾。文章先阐述细节，然后归 纳要点，得出结论，概括主题，即归纳写作法。此类文章主题句往往位于末段。
（3）首尾呼应式
在有些文章中，为了突出主题，文章开头提出主题。接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题，进一步深化主题。
（4）藏龙卧虎式
主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括出文章的主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容，以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找共同点， 然后加以归纳形成主题。
【标题归纳题】
选择标题在英语阅读理解题中属于标题归纳题，是深层理解题。常见的设问方式和解题技巧如下：
1. 常见设问方式
（1）Which is the best title for/of the passage？
（2）The best title for the passage can be/is ________．
2. 解题技巧
通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。解题时要注意：
(1)关注核心及高频词汇
在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题。
(2)根据主题句提炼标题
标题对文章的主题具有概括性。因此，寻找文章的主题句是解答标题归纳题的核心。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。
写作意图题
此类试题要求考生推断作者的写作目的。题干中常有“purpose”一词。考生在解题时，一般可结合文章的主旨和文体来答题。
1. 常见设问方式
(1)The main purpose of this passage is to ________．
(2)The writer wrote the passage to advise people ________．
(3)In the passage, the writer wants to tell us that _______．
(4)What’s the purpose of the passage？
2. 解题技巧
(1)主旨推断法
写作意图与文章主旨密切相关。因此，解答此类试题与解答主旨大意题和标题归纳题一样，要采用略读法，即重点关注文章的首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。
(2)文体推断法
①议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点，倡导某种做法等。
②说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识，提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁，或希望有关部门或人士对某种现象给予重视。
③记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历，告诉读者一个有趣的故事，使读者获得乐趣；若是夹叙夹议的文章，则是表达作者的感悟或给读者某种教育或启示。
三、【学以致用】
A
（2022·内蒙古·模拟预测）
To prevent the spread of COVID-19, different countries take different measures. Most of them copy China’s successful measures. It means people are not allowed to go out of their doors without the permission (许可) from the government. Let’s see some unusual ways of locking down and quarantining (隔离).
PanamaThe central American country, which has had close to 1,000 confirmed (确诊) cases, has announced strict quarantine measures to people. From April 1st, people will be able to be away from their homes for two hours at a time, and on different ways. No one will be allowed to go out on Sundays.
ColombiaIn some Colombian towns, people are allowed outside based on the last number of their national ID number. For example, people in Barrancabermeja with an ID number ending in 0, 7 or 4 are allowed to leave the house on Mondays, while those with an ID number ending in 1,8 or 5 can go outside on Tuesdays.
SwedenUnlike its neighbors, Sweden is pretty relaxed about COVID-19, even though there are close to 4,500 confirmed cases in this small country. The government hopes people will behave sensibly, and believes they will do the right things. Gatherings of more than 50 people aren’t allowed on Sundays, but schools for children under the age of 16 remain open. Restaurants can still offer table service as usual.
根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。
Which country’s measures are copied by other countries according to the passage
A．Panama’s. B．Colombia’s. C．Sweden’s. D．China’s.
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．In China, the government allows people to go out whenever they want.
B．In Panama, people can be away from their homes for three hours every day.
C．In Colombia, people with an ID number ending in 5 can leave the house on Mondays.
D．In Sweden, people can eat in the restaurants as usual.
3．How many confirmed cases were there in Panama when it took strict quarantine measures
A．Less than 16. B．More than 50.
C．Close to 1,000. D．Close to 4,500.
4．What does the underline word “sensibly” mean
A．明智地 B．礼貌地 C．快速地 D．宽容地
5．Where is the passage probably from
A．A game show. B．A news report.
C．A school survey. D．A family letter.
B
（2022·广东韶关·校考二模）
A record of 1,101 manatees(海牛) died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts thought up a plan to give food to the manatees. They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Ron Mezich, an expert, said, “We’re making a difference.” So far, they have served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry manatees. But as the weather is getting warm, the program is expected to end soon.
Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”. Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals. Most dangers to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems facing the animals are boats. Manatees are curious (好奇的) and fairly slow. That has led to thousands of manatees being hit or killed by boats. At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.
However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again. Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow. For example, in Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of the sea grass beds there have died off. Long term, Florida will work to help restore (恢复) sea grass beds. But that will take time. Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.
6．Why are manatees sometimes called “sea cows”
A．They are as big as cows. B．They can swim like cows.
C．They have tails like cows. D．They feed on plants like cows.
7．How has the number of manatees changed over years
A． B． C． D．
8．Which shows the correct order of the causes of manatees’ death
A．sea pollution→growth of algae→death of see grass→death of manatees
B．growth of algae→sea pollution→death of see grass→death of manatees
C．sea pollution→death of see grass→growth of algae→death of manatees
D．growth of algae→death of see grass→sea pollution→death of manatees
9．What is the meaning of the underlined word “block”
A．provide B．prevent C．help D．attract
10．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Manatees Feeding Program B．Money Given to Save Manatees
C．Sea Grass Bed Restored for Manatees D．Reasons for Manatees’ Death Still Unclear
C
（2022·江西南昌·校考一模）
On July 14, Sun Gang, a truck driver, drove his truck to a repair shop. Unexpectedly, the truck caught fire while the repairmen were working on it.
Around the shop there are lots of houses as well as a gas station. Sun was worried that the fire might cause an explosion (爆炸). At the time, Sun didn’t have time to think a lot. He jumped into the truck and drove it away, with fire all around him. “It was so dangerous that I didn’t want others to get involved (受牵连的),” Sun said. He drove the truck to the open ground and watched it burn there.
The truck had cost all of Sun’s money. Sun used it to transport different kinds of products between cities to make a living. After the accident, everyone in Sun’s family was just happy that no one was hurt. But at the same time, they were all upset because the truck was gone, and they had to start all over again.
Yet good things happened to good people. After the video of Sun driving away the burning truck got hot online, Sun received a phone call from a truck company (公司). It would like to send Sun a new truck as a prize for doing something good. The reward (奖励) was also given to “encourage goodness in society so that more people will stand up and make the right choice in the face of danger.”
“I couldn’t believe it,” Sun said excitedly. “I have decided to give away the money from the first business using the new truck to help others.”
11．How does the writer introduce the topic
A．By comparing two products. B．By providing the background.
C．By explaining the meaning. D．By giving some questions.
12．How did Sun prevent the burning truck from hurting others Put the events in right order.
a. Sun watched the burning truck burn on the open ground.
b. Sun’s truck caught fire suddenly while being repaired.
c. Sun drove his truck to a repair shop to have it repaired.
d. Sun drove the burning truck away to the open ground quickly.
A．abed. B．bdca. C．cbda. D．dcba.
13．How was the change of Sun’s feelings according to the passage
A．Unexpected→excited→happy→worried→upset.
B．Excited→upset→unexpected→happy→worried.
C．Worried→upset→unexpected→happy→excited.
D．Unexpected→worried→happy→upset→excited.
14．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．That he would be sent a new truck as a prize. B．That his truck had burned down completely.
C．That his video could get hot on the Internet. D．That he had to start all over again.
D
（2022·浙江温州·温州市第二实验中学校考一模）
People love walking through a giant puzzle. In a corn maze, they can follow miles of paths and run into lots of dead ends before they finally find their way out. The corn maze has been growing for almost 30 years.
Simple corn mazes began appearing in the 1980s. In 1993, the first big corn maze created for the public to enjoy was made in Annville Pennsylvania, by Don Frantz. Then, in a cornfield as big as two and a half football fields, Mr. Frantz cut “The Amazing Maize Maze” with the help of his family and friends. When it was done, almost two miles of pathways snaked through the cornfield. Since then, thousands of corn mazes have been created around the world.
For many farmers, a corn maze means a boost of extra income. During the opening weekend, 6,000 visitors came to get lost in Mr. Frantz’s maze. Charging only $5 per person, he earned almost $ 32,000 in two weeks.
Brett Herbst is also a maze designer. In 1999 he set a world record for the world’s largest corn maze, an image of the solar system with nine planets in it. He now has a business called The MAiZE, which has designed more than 4,000 mazes around the world. “Corn mazes help people connect with their roots,” he says. “People are so far removed from farm life that they are drawn to something real, something organic.”
Today, a great number of people enjoy seeking fun in a corn maze. Mr. Herbst says, “When we see families at the farm having fun, we know that they are making memories that will last a lifetime.”
15．The first big corn maze for the public appeared in ________.
A．1980 B．1985 C．1993 D．1999
16．According to the passage, “The Amazing Maize Maze” ________.
A．was smaller than a football field B．allowed visitors to have fun for free
C．was created by Don Frantz alone D．attracted many visitors at the beginning
17．Which picture shows the maze designed by Brett Herbst
A． B． C． D．
18．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Corn Maze—A True Story of Puzzles
B．Corn Maze—Designing Your Puzzle
C．Corn Maze—The Puzzle on the Farm
D．Corn Maze—Connecting Your Roots
E
（2022·广东江门·统考一模）
Not everyone is born smart or good at sports. But everyone can study to become smarter and train to get better at sports. Science shows that anyone can get better skills.
Your brain is made up of billions of neurons（神经元）. They are all connected and send messages to each other. Scientists have found that when we learn, neurons make new connections and old connections grow stronger. But if connections aren’t used, they will break down. So, learning is like exercise for your brain.
A mindset is a way of thinking. Some people have a fixed mindset. They think they are either smart or stupid and they will stay that way forever. Other people have a growth mindset and they think they can learn and get better.
According to Dr. Carol Dweck’s studies, people with a fixed mindset worry about grades. They’re afraid of looking stupid when they make mistakes. People with a growth mindset care about learning, not grades. They learn from their mistakes and try to find different ways of solving problems. They ask for help when necessary. In only two years, babies learn to walk, talk and feed themselves. They never worry about looking stupid when learning. If they make mistakes, they just try again.
Dweck’s team discovered that kids can choose to have a growth mindset. They can do better in school. So notice what mindset you have. If you ever think yourself stupid, it’s not true. You just have not learned how to do something yet.
19．Everyone can get better skills by ________.
A．eating healthy food B．getting enough exercise
C．sleeping well D．studying or training
20．When you learn, neurons will ________.
A．collect messages B．make new connections
C．make old connections weaker D．break down
21．The underlined word “fixed” in the passage means ________ in Chinese.
A．变化的 B．固定的 C．聪明的 D．修复的
22．The writer gives the example of babies in Paragraph 4 to show ________.
A．babies learn skills faster than older people
B．babies have fewer worries than older people
C．babies learn from mistakes to learn new skills
D．babies easily make mistakes in daily life
23．The passage is about to ________.
A．advise us to choose the proper way of thinking B．advise us to learn with smart people
C．show us how neurons work in our brains D．compare two special ways of thinking
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