中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题07 选词填空解题技巧
备考2023年中考英语二轮题型解读与技巧点拨
题型概述
选词填空要求学生利用所给的12个词汇或10词汇中（一般有名词，单词、代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，冠词，介词和连词等）补全一篇有10个空缺的短文。要攻克这一难关，学生除了要进行大量的阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还须掌握一定的解题技巧。
方法技巧
技巧一：
在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad. 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。
技巧二：
通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。
技巧三：
在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。
★对于名词，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches, friend-friend's/friends'。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny, use-useful/useless/used, danger-dangerous；
★对于动词，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式- to do, 现在分词-doing, 过去分词-done, 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done…)；
★对于形容词和副词，要主动去判定它们之间的相互转换，是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more /the most interesting, happy-happily，happy -happiness;
★对于代词，注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；
★对于数词，要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third, 2/3-two thirds, one thousand/thousands of ；
★对于冠词，只需要在 a或an之间判别，如a girl /an old man;
★对于介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。
为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：
空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有 's 不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。
技巧四：
完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。
【技巧归纳】
1．统览全局，把握大意。要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定。只有了解了短文的大意，把握了全局才能主导方向，从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子，缩小词的选择范围。
2．根据语法，判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性。进一步缩小词的选择范围,从而正确地选词。
3．利用语境，确定词形。当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的-ing形式；名词的数和所有格；代词的各种形式及单复数；形容词、副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。
4．复读全文，验正答案。填完单词后，不可孤立地逐个检查词，而必须将所有填入的词代入文章中，复读全文，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容，读起来是否流畅，是否合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等。发现问题及时更正。通过再读全文，很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口“读”出来。
【典例】阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处，每空一词。
sleep, chance, base, condition, final, afford, hard, fast, who, with
I love movies. Among all of them, I prefer movies that I can get inspiration from.The Puruit Happiness is such a movie. This movie is 51 on a true story of Chris Cardner, a salesman 52 tried to build a future for himself and his 5-year-old son Christopher.
Chris Cardner was having a 53 life in San Fracisco in 1981. His wife hated to have a poor life,, so she left them.
While trying to sell his products, Cardner met Jay, a successful stockbroker. His new relationship with Jay helped him get a 54 to work in a stock company. But he could not get any pay during the early minths. Without any pay, he could not 55 the apartment .He and his son had to 56 on the streets or homeless shelters
Cardner never let other people know about his bad 57 . He arrived at theoffice early and stayed late every day. As an inte4lligent man, Cardner developed a number of ways to make his work 58 and better. 59 he got the job. 60 his confidence and the love and the trust of his son, Cardner opened his own company. And his story encouraged me to realize my dream.
解题步骤
一）、本短文备选词性分析
n. Sleep, chance, base, condition, final
v. Sleep, afford,base adj.hard fast final
adv. Hard, fast pron. who
prep. with
二）、关键词等解题依据
This movie is 51 on a true story of Chris Cardner, a salesman 52 tried to build a future for himself and his 5-year-old son Christopher.
51题依据be based on 这一固定搭配短语，意思是“根据、以.....为根据”
52题前打了逗号，而句子却没有连词，说明逗号后面不是句子而是短语，因此a salesman 并不是作主语，而tried是动词，很有可能作谓语，因此用who引导定语从句，修饰salesman.
Chris Cardner was having a 53 life in San Francisco in 1981.
冠词a + 单数名词 因此53题应起修饰作用，常用adj.
His new relationship with Jay helped him get a 54 to work in a stock company.
a + 单数名词 其后动词不定式作名词的后置定语，故填名词
Without any pay, he could not 55 the apartment .He and his son had to 56 on the streets or homeless shelters
55题依据去情态动词 + 动词原形 故填动词
56题依据have to + 动词原形 故填动词
Cardner never let other people know about his bad 57 .
57题依据形容词物主性代词/ 形容词修饰名词 故填名词
Cardner developed a number of ways to make his work 58 and better.
58题应与better 并列同作宾语的补足语 make + 宾语+ 宾语的补足语
59 he got the job
59题位于句首，不影响句子的结构完整，很有可能是adv. 位于句首作状语。
60 his confidence and the love and the trust of his son, Cardner opened his own company.
句子中间的停顿为逗号，却又找不到连词，且逗号前为名词性质的短语，因此可以断定前一部分为短语，且在句中作状语，因此填介词，构成介词短语作状语
三）、通读短文，核对答案
I love movies. Among all of them, I prefer movies that I can get inspiration from.The Puruit Happiness is such a movie. This movie is based on a true story of Chris Cardner, a salesman who tried to build a future for himself and his 5-year-old son Christopher.
Chris Cardner was having a hard life in San Fracisco in 1981. His wife hated to have a poor life,, so she left them.
While trying to sell his products, Cardner met Jay, a successful stockbroker. His new relationship with Jay helped him get a chance to work in a stock company. But he could not get any pay during the early minths. Without any pay, he could not afford the apartment .He and his son had to sleep on the streets or homeless shelters
Cardner never let other people know about his bad condition . He arrived at the office early and stayed late every day. As an inte4lligent man, Cardner developed a number of ways to make his work faster and better. Finally he got the job. With his confidence and the love and the trust of his son, Cardner opened his own company. And his story encouraged me to realize my dream.
【强化练习】
A
（2022·甘肃酒泉·统考一模）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯，每个单词限用一次。
Mike is a bus driver. He loves his job and works very hard. He works 8 hours a day, ___1___ 7:00 in the morning to 3:00 in the afternoon, and he is never ___2___ for work. He always goes to ___3___ early and leaves late. He wants people to feel happy, so he ___4___ the bus every day to keep it tidy. He is happy every day and ___5___ says hello to every passenger when they meet. He is very ___6___ and does his best to help others. All the people like him.Today he arrives at a very small bus stop. Usually he doesn’t stop there ___7___ no one gets off or waits at the stop. But one man on the bus tells him that an old woman wants to get on. He quickly stops the bus. The old woman is not far from the stop but she walks very slowly.
So Mike waits for about two ___8___. Then he helps ___9___ to get on the bus and wants to close the door.
“Please wait,” the old woman says. “My mother is ____10____, too!”
【答案】
from 2．late 3．work 4．cleans 5．always
6．friendly 7．because 8．minutes 9．her 10．coming
【导语】本文讲述了公交司机Mike，对工作认真负责，对乘客热心。有一天公交车经过一个平常很少停靠的站台，车上的一个人提醒有位老太太要上车，老太太动作迟缓，他立即停下车并帮她上车，老太太就在他要关车门时，请求他要等等她妈妈。
1．句意：他每天工作8个小时，从早上7点到下午3点，他上班从不迟到。from…to“从……到……”，故填from。
2．句意：他每天工作8个小时，从早上7点到下午3点，他上班从不迟到。根据“He always goes to…early and leaves late”可知，他上班从不迟到，be late for work“上班迟到”，故填late。
3．句意：他总是早上班晚下班。根据“early”及“leaves late”可知，总是早早地去上班，go to work“去上班”，故填work。
4．句意：他想让人们感到快乐，所以他每天打扫公共汽车，保持整洁。根据“keep it tidy”可知，每天打扫公交车，句子是一般现在时，主语he是第三人称，动词用三单形式，故填cleans。
5．句意：他每天都很开心，每次遇到乘客都跟他们打招呼。根据“says hello to every passenger when they meet”及备选词可知，总是热情跟乘客打招呼，故填always。
6．句意：他很友好，并尽力帮助别人。根据“does his best to help others”可知，他很友好，friendly“友好的”，故填friendly。
7．句意：通常他不会停在那里，因为没有人下车或在车站等着。“no one gets off or waits at the stop”是他不会在那里停下来的原因，用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。
8．句意：所以Mike等了大约两分钟。根据“So Mike waits for about two”及备选词可知，等了大概两分钟，two修饰名词的复数形式，故填minutes。
9．句意：然后他帮她上车，想关门。此空指帮助那位老夫人上车，动词help后接人称代词宾格作宾语，故填her。
10．句意：我妈妈也要来了。根据“Please wait”及“My mother is”可知，要等一等是因为她的妈妈也要过来上车，is与现在分词构成现在进行时结构，故填coming。
B
（2022·甘肃武威·校考一模）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺正确、连贯，每个单词限用一次。（有两项多余）
Once there was a boy called Bobby. His house was ___11___ a river. When Bobby was ___12___, he always went for a walk along the riverside. He always ___13___ what was on the other side of the river. One day when Bobby was ___14___ by the river alone, he noticed a ___15___ tree floating (漂) on the river. Bobby looked at it and thought, “Maybe I can ___16___ on it.” Bobby told his friends about his thought. They were all ___17___. Together they came up with a better idea. They cut the ___18___ and tied (系) them together so that they could have a platform (平台) to sit ___19___.They tried again and again, and at last, their first raft (木筏) was born. With it, Bobby and his friends ____20____ the other side of the river. They found there was another village there. Soon these people welcomed them and talked with them. From then on, Bobby often came to the village. He and the villagers became friends quickly.
【答案】
11．near 12．free 13．wondered 14．walking 15．fallen 16．travel 17．excited 18．wood 19．on 20．reached
【导语】本文介绍了Bobby一次在河边散步的时候发现河里漂浮着一棵倒下的树，他和朋友们把这棵树做成了木筏，乘着木筏到达了河的另一边，发现了有个小村庄。Bobby后来常来这个小村庄，和这里的人成了朋友。
11．句意：他的房子靠近一条河。根据“His house was...a river.”可知，房子在河“附近”，“near”译为“附近”，故填near。
12．句意：当Bobby有空时，他总是沿着河边散步。根据“When Bobby was...he always went for a walk along the riverside.”可知，当他“空闲”时候，他总是沿着河边散步，“free”译为“空闲的”，故填free。
13．句意：他总是好奇河的另外一边是什么。根据“He always...what was on the other side of the river.”可知，他“好奇”河的另一边是什么。“wondered”译为“好奇”，故填wondered。
14．句意：一天当Bobby独自一个人正沿着河边散步时，他注意到一棵倒下的树漂浮在河上。根据“One day when Bobby was...by the river alone, he noticed a...tree floating (漂) on the river.”可知，当Bobby正沿着河边“散步”，他注意到了一棵倒下的树漂在河上。“walking”译为“散步”，故填walking。
15．句意：一天当Bobby独自一个人正沿着河边散步时，他注意到一棵倒下的树漂浮在河上。根据“One day when Bobby was...by the river alone, he noticed a...tree floating (漂) on the river.”可知，当时他正在河边散步，注意到一棵“倒下的”树漂在河上。“fallen”译为“倒下的，掉下的”，故填fallen。
16．句意：Bobby在河上看了看，想，“也许我可以去旅行。” 根据“Maybe I can...on it. Bobby told his friends about his thought.”可知，他把他的想法告诉他朋友，应该是也许我能去“旅游”，“travel”译为“旅行”，故填travel。
17．句意：他们都很激动。根据“They were all...Together they came up with a better idea.”可知，他们一起想出了一个更好的主意，所以朋友们应该都很“兴奋”，“excited”译为“激动的，兴奋的”。故填excited。
18．句意：他们把木头砍下来绑在一起为了有个平台能坐下。根据“They cut the...and tied (系) them together so that they could have a platform (平台) to sit...”可知，他们把“木头”砍下来，绑在一起。“wood”译为“木头”，故填wood。
19．句意：他们把木头砍下来绑在一起为了有个平台能坐下。根据“They cut the...and tied (系) them together so that they could have a platform (平台) to sit...”可知，他们把木头砍下来，绑在一起，为了有个平台能坐在“上面”。“on”译为“在……上”，故填on。
20．句意：用第一个木筏，Bobby和他的朋友们到达了河的另一边。根据“With it, Bobby and his friends...the other side of the river.”可知，用木筏，他们“到达”了河的另一边。“arrived”和“reached”都译为“到达”，“arrive”后面要加介词再加地点，“reach”后面直接加地点。故填reached。
C
（2022·新疆吐鲁番·校考一模）
根据短文内容，在每个空格处填写一个适当的词，使文章意思完整且符合逻辑。(每空一词)
One morning, a blind boy sat on the steps of a building with a hat near his feet. He put up a sign which said, “I am blind, please ____21____ me.”There were only a few coins in the hat. A man was ____22____ by. He took out a few coins from his pocket and dropped them into the ____23____. He then took the sign, turned it around, and ____24____ some words on it. He put the sign back so that everyone who walked by could ____25____ the words.
Soon the hat began to fill up with coins. A lot of people were giving ____26____ to the blind boy. The afternoon the man who had changed the sign came to see ____27____ things were. The boy recognized (听出) his footsteps and asked, “Are you the man ____28____ changed my sign in the morning What did you write ”
The man said, “I only wrote the truth. I said what you said, but in a ____29____ way.” What he had written was, “Today is a beautiful day, ____30____ I cannot see it.”
【答案】
help 22．walking 23．hat 24．wrote 25．read
26．money 27．how 28．that 29．different 30．but
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个眼盲的男孩坐在一个建筑物的台阶上举着标牌寻求帮助，一个男人用不同的文字重新书写了标牌，结果有比开始多得多的人帮助男孩。
21．句意：我是盲人，请帮助我。根据“I am blind”并结合备选词汇可知应是需要帮助，句子为祈使句，此处应填其原形，故填help。
22．句意：一名男子正走过。结合备选词汇可知，walk by“走过”符合语境，而由was可知时态为过去进行时，其谓语结构为“was/were+doing”，故填walking。
23．句意：他从他的口袋里拿出几个硬币并且把它们扔到帽子里。根据“There were only a few coins in the hat”可知应是放到帽子里，故填hat。
24．句意：他然后拿过牌子，把它翻过来，并且在上面写下了几个字。根据“turned it around”和“some words on it”并结合备选词汇可知，write“写”符合语境，此处与took并列，故填wrote。
25．句意：他放回牌子以至于每个走过的人能读到这些字。此处应填动词，结合备选可知，read“读”符合语境，而could为情态动词，后续动词原形，故填read。
26．句意：许多人正在给盲男孩钱。根据“Soon the hat began to fill up with coins.”并结合备选词汇可知应是许多钱，故填money。
27．句意：那天下午改变牌子的人来看情况是怎样的。此处应填宾语从句引导词，结合备选词汇可知how“怎样”符合语境，故填how。
28．句意：你是那个上午改变我牌子的人吗？此处应填定语从句关系词，先行词为the man，故填that。
29．句意：我说了你说的，但是以不同的方式。此处应填形容词，结合备选词汇可知，differently“不同地”，副词，其形容词different“不同的”符合语境，故填different。
30．句意：今天是一个美丽的日子，但是我却不能看见它。根据“Today is a beautiful day”和“I cannot see it”可知二者为转折关系，故填but。
D
（2022·吉林·模拟预测）
A rich man had only one son. His son made friends ___31___ some bad boys. What is worse, he developed a lot of bad habits. The man was very ___32___ about the bad habits of his son. He tried different ways to make him give up the bad habits. ___33___, he never succeeded. One day, he thought of an idea to teach his son a lesson. He went to the supermarket and bought some ___34___ apples and a rotten (腐烂的) one. He went back home and asked his son to put all the apples in one ___35___. The son did as he was told.
After a few days, the father asked his son to fetch an apple for him. When the son ___36___ the bag, he was surprised to see that ___37___ the apples had become rotten.
The father told the son to see how one rotten apple had spoiled all the rest. In the ___38___ way, one bad man could spoil his friends and one bad ___39___ could destroy one person. Hearing this, the son decided to give up his bad habits and ____40____ his bad friends.
【答案】
31．C 32．L 33．E 34．G 35．B 36．F 37．I 38．A 39．K 40．J
【导语】本文介绍儿子交了坏朋友并且养成了坏习惯。父亲利用一个坏苹果使其余苹果变坏的事实告诉儿子坏习惯和坏朋友对一个人是很不好的，这件事让儿子决定放弃了坏习惯离开了不好的朋友。
31．句意：他的儿子和一些坏男孩交了朋友。make friends with“和……交朋友”，固定短语，故选C。
32．句意：这个人非常担心他儿子的坏习惯。前文提到儿子养成了坏习惯，所以父亲很担心。be worried about“为……担心”，固定短语，故选L。
33．句意：然而，他从未成功过。前后构成转折关系，且其后有“,”，However“然而”符合语境。故选E。
34．句意：他去超市买了一些新鲜的苹果和一个烂苹果。根据“He went to the supermarket and bought some...apples and a rotten (腐烂的) one.”可知，买了一些新鲜的苹果和一个烂苹果，fresh“新鲜的”符合语境。故选G。
35．句意：他回到家，让儿子把所有的苹果放进一个袋子里。根据后文“When the son...the bag”可知，是一个袋子，bag“袋子”符合语境。故选B。
36．句意：当儿子打开袋子时，他惊讶地发现所有的苹果都已经腐烂了。根据“After a few days, the father asked his son to fetch an apple for him.”可知，父亲让儿子去拿一个苹果给他，所以要打开袋子，opened“打开”符合语境。故选F。
37．句意：当儿子打开袋子时，他惊讶地发现所有的苹果都已经腐烂了。根据“he was surprised to see that...the apples had become rotten”可知，所有的苹果都烂了，all“所有的”符合语境。故选I。
38．句意：同样地，一个坏的人可以毁掉他的朋友，一个坏习惯可以毁掉一个人。in the same way“同样地”，故选A。
39．句意：同样地，一个坏的人可以毁掉他的朋友，一个坏习惯可以毁掉一个人。根据“one bad...could destroy one person”可知，一个坏习惯可以毁掉一个人，habit“习惯”符合语境。故选K。
40．句意：听到这些，儿子决定改掉他的坏习惯，离开他的坏朋友。根据“ the son decided to give up his bad habits and...his bad friends”可知，要离开坏朋友，leave“离开”符合语境。故选J。
E
（2022·江西南昌·校考一模）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
I am sure you all know how important recycling is. To recycle is to collect and treat litter to produce useful materials which can be used again. Although it takes energy ____41____, it is actually worth doing it. Do you know ____42____ it all works Collecting things that can be recycled is the first step you have to do. Only some ____43____ can be recycled. They ____44____ things made out of paper, metal, cardboard, glass and plastic. Can you think of everyday things made out of these materials Soda cans are a good ____45____. They are made out of metal. Magazines and newspapers are made out of paper. Some bottles of juice are made out glass.
Let’s get back to the ____46____ of recycling. Once you put all your things in a recycling bin, a truck comes to pick ____47____ up. Everything goes to a recycling company（公司）. There, these materials are reused to make ____48____ products.
Now let’s take a closer look at how old paper is changed. First, the old paper is made into ____49____ pieces. Then a special kind of water with chemicals（化学制品）is poured into them. ____50____, new paper is created! There are things written on the old paper, ____51____ they can’t be seen through this way.
Recycling keeps our planet healthy. It reduces（减少）waste. It also saves energy. You can take advantage of it to save the planet. So just remember the rule: always recycle your things.
【答案】
to recycle 42．how 43．materials 44．include 45．example
46．process 47．them 48．new 49．tiny 50．Finally 51．but
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了回收利用的重要性和回收利用的过程。
41．句意：虽然回收利用需要消耗能量，但它实际上是值得做的。根据“To recycle is to collect and treat litter to produce useful materials which can be used again”可推测出，此处在说回收利用要消耗能量，结合备选词recycle“回收利用”符合语境。根据“it takes”可知，it takes...to do“花费……做某事”，故此处应用to recycle。故填to recycle。
42．句意：你知道这是如何运作的吗？根据“know”和“it all works”可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句表示它是如何运作的，应用关系副词，结合备选词how“如何，怎样”符合语境。故填how。
43．句意：只有一些材料可以回收利用。根据“can be recycled...things made out of paper, metal, cardboard, glass and plastic”可知，只有一些材料可以回收利用，结合备选词material“材料”符合语境，根据“some”可知，此处应用其复数形式。故填materials。
44．句意：它们包括纸、金属、纸板、玻璃和塑料制成的东西。根据“things made out of paper, metal, cardboard, glass and plastic”可知，它们包括纸、金属、纸板、玻璃和塑料制成的东西，结合备选词include“包括”符合语境，结合语境可知，句子为一般现在时，主语为“They”，故此处应用动词原形。故填include。
45．句意：汽水罐就是一个很好的例子。根据“They are made out of metal”可知，汽水罐是一个例子，根据“a good”可知，空格处应用名词单数，结合备选词example“例子”符合语境。故填example。
46．句意：让我们回到回收利用的过程。根据“Let’s get back to the”和“of recycling. Once you put all your things in a recycling bin, a truck comes to...”可知，此处表示回到回收利用过程中，空格处应用名词原形，结合备选词process“过程”符合语境。故填process。
47．句意：一旦你把所有的东西都放进了回收箱，一辆卡车就会来把它们取走。根据“Once you put all your things in a recycling bin”并结合语境可知，一辆卡车会来把它们取走，根据“pick+代词宾格+up”可知，空格处应用“它们”的宾格形式，结合备选词them“它们”符合语境。故填them。
48．句意：在那里，这些材料被重新利用来制造新产品。根据“these materials are reused to make”和“products”可知，是这些材料被重新利用来制造新产品，结合备选词new“新的”符合语境，根据“products”可知，空格处应用形容词原级。故填new。
49．句意：首先，旧纸被制成小片。根据“pieces”可知，旧纸被制成了小片，且空格处要用形容词原级，结合备选词tiny“微小的”符合语境。故填tiny。
50．句意：最后，新的纸张就被创造出来了。根据“First”、“Then”和“new paper is created”可知，此处表示最后，结合备选词finally“最后”符合语境，由于其位于句首，故首字母f要大写。故填Finally。
51．句意：旧纸上写着一些东西，但通过这种方式是看不见的。根据“There are things written on the old paper”和“they can’t be seen through this way”可知，空格前后句为转折关系，结合备选词but“但是”符合语境。故填but。
come friend late always because minutes work clean her from
wondered, walking, free, travel, excited, fallen, under, wood, on, reached, near, arrived
differently that money help how read but hat walk write
A．same B．bag C．with D．But E. However F. opened
G. fresh H. different I. all J. leave K. habit L. worried
tiny finally recycle include process them new how material example but
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专题07 选词填空解题技巧
备考2023年中考英语二轮题型解读与技巧点拨
题型概述
选词填空要求学生利用所给的12个词汇或10词汇中（一般有名词，单词、代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，冠词，介词和连词等）补全一篇有10个空缺的短文。要攻克这一难关，学生除了要进行大量的阅读，积累丰富的语言知识外，还须掌握一定的解题技巧。
方法技巧
技巧一：
在拿到题目后，不要急于看文章，首先对备选的词汇研究几遍，对词性作简单的标记，例如：名词-n.，动词-v.，形容词-a.，副词-ad. 等等。同时对词义作初步的理解。
技巧二：
通读全文，语义完整、适用、合乎逻辑是做好填词的前提。通过上、下文的句子，充分理解短文的内容，注意发现固定搭配关系，凭借语感积极主动地猜测空格中所缺的信息，根据需要去备选词汇中寻找匹配的答案。
技巧三：
在选定单词后，不要轻率地填入。在填词过程中，需要瞻前顾后，既要符合本句的含义，又要保证句式结构的正确。
★对于名词，要考虑是否要把它变成复数或“所有格”形式。例如：match-matches, friend-friend's/friends'。其他还要考虑名词是否需要变成形容词，例如：sun-sunny, use-useful/useless/used, danger-dangerous；
★对于动词，要有意识地去考虑时态和语态的变化以及非谓语动词形式的变化(动词不定式- to do, 现在分词-doing, 过去分词-done, 固定搭配-enjoy doing sth./used to do sth./have sth. done…)；
★对于形容词和副词，要主动去判定它们之间的相互转换，是否需要变成比较级或最高级，还有以及形容词变名词的需求也需考虑，例如：interesting-more /the most interesting, happy-happily，happy -happiness;
★对于代词，注意辨别主格、宾格、名词性和形容词性物主代词或反身代词的用法；
★对于数词，要注意基数词和序数词的变化以及分数和虚实数的用法，例如：three-third, 2/3-two thirds, one thousand/thousands of ；
★对于冠词，只需要在 a或an之间判别，如a girl /an old man;
★对于介词和连词时，就更简单，只要符合上下文逻辑或固定短语搭配，填入即可。
为了方便记忆，试着记住下面的顺口溜：
空前空后要注意，“名词”单复数要牢记，还有 's 不能弃，“动词”注意要变形，“形副”注意要用三种级，要填“数词”请留意，千万别忘 “基” 和“序”，填入“代词”需慎重，五格变化要谨记。
技巧四：
完成填词后，应通读全文，复核校对。检查单词拼写是否正确，是否有时态、语态、惯用法及词语选用上的错误，以确保答案的正确性。最后把答案填入答卷时，切勿错位。
【技巧归纳】
1．统览全局，把握大意。要填的单词肯定是在一定的语言环境中才能确定。只有了解了短文的大意，把握了全局才能主导方向，从而有助于正确理解空缺词所在的句子，缩小词的选择范围。
2．根据语法，判定词性。一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性。进一步缩小词的选择范围,从而正确地选词。
3．利用语境，确定词形。当确定了一个单词的词性后可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式。如动词的人称数、时态、语态、不定式、动词的-ing形式；名词的数和所有格；代词的各种形式及单复数；形容词、副词的比较级以及基数词、序数词的转换形式等。
4．复读全文，验正答案。填完单词后，不可孤立地逐个检查词，而必须将所有填入的词代入文章中，复读全文，仔细检查所填词是否符合文章的情景内容，读起来是否流畅，是否合乎句法，单词拼写是否有误，单词形式是否正确等。发现问题及时更正。通过再读全文，很可能利用语感将个别特别难的空处顺口“读”出来。
【典例】阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处，每空一词。
sleep, chance, base, condition, final, afford, hard, fast, who, with
I love movies. Among all of them, I prefer movies that I can get inspiration from.The Puruit Happiness is such a movie. This movie is 51 on a true story of Chris Cardner, a salesman 52 tried to build a future for himself and his 5-year-old son Christopher.
Chris Cardner was having a 53 life in San Fracisco in 1981. His wife hated to have a poor life,, so she left them.
While trying to sell his products, Cardner met Jay, a successful stockbroker. His new relationship with Jay helped him get a 54 to work in a stock company. But he could not get any pay during the early minths. Without any pay, he could not 55 the apartment .He and his son had to 56 on the streets or homeless shelters
Cardner never let other people know about his bad 57 . He arrived at theoffice early and stayed late every day. As an inte4lligent man, Cardner developed a number of ways to make his work 58 and better. 59 he got the job. 60 his confidence and the love and the trust of his son, Cardner opened his own company. And his story encouraged me to realize my dream.
解题步骤
一）、本短文备选词性分析
n. Sleep, chance, base, condition, final
v. Sleep, afford,base adj.hard fast final
adv. Hard, fast pron. who
prep. with
二）、关键词等解题依据
This movie is 51 on a true story of Chris Cardner, a salesman 52 tried to build a future for himself and his 5-year-old son Christopher.
51题依据be based on 这一固定搭配短语，意思是“根据、以.....为根据”
52题前打了逗号，而句子却没有连词，说明逗号后面不是句子而是短语，因此a salesman 并不是作主语，而tried是动词，很有可能作谓语，因此用who引导定语从句，修饰salesman.
Chris Cardner was having a 53 life in San Francisco in 1981.
冠词a + 单数名词 因此53题应起修饰作用，常用adj.
His new relationship with Jay helped him get a 54 to work in a stock company.
a + 单数名词 其后动词不定式作名词的后置定语，故填名词
Without any pay, he could not 55 the apartment .He and his son had to 56 on the streets or homeless shelters
55题依据去情态动词 + 动词原形 故填动词
56题依据have to + 动词原形 故填动词
Cardner never let other people know about his bad 57 .
57题依据形容词物主性代词/ 形容词修饰名词 故填名词
Cardner developed a number of ways to make his work 58 and better.
58题应与better 并列同作宾语的补足语 make + 宾语+ 宾语的补足语
59 he got the job
59题位于句首，不影响句子的结构完整，很有可能是adv. 位于句首作状语。
60 his confidence and the love and the trust of his son, Cardner opened his own company.
句子中间的停顿为逗号，却又找不到连词，且逗号前为名词性质的短语，因此可以断定前一部分为短语，且在句中作状语，因此填介词，构成介词短语作状语
三）、通读短文，核对答案
I love movies. Among all of them, I prefer movies that I can get inspiration from.The Puruit Happiness is such a movie. This movie is based on a true story of Chris Cardner, a salesman who tried to build a future for himself and his 5-year-old son Christopher.
Chris Cardner was having a hard life in San Fracisco in 1981. His wife hated to have a poor life,, so she left them.
While trying to sell his products, Cardner met Jay, a successful stockbroker. His new relationship with Jay helped him get a chance to work in a stock company. But he could not get any pay during the early minths. Without any pay, he could not afford the apartment .He and his son had to sleep on the streets or homeless shelters
Cardner never let other people know about his bad condition . He arrived at the office early and stayed late every day. As an inte4lligent man, Cardner developed a number of ways to make his work faster and better. Finally he got the job. With his confidence and the love and the trust of his son, Cardner opened his own company. And his story encouraged me to realize my dream.
【强化练习】
A
（2022·甘肃酒泉·统考一模）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯，每个单词限用一次。
Mike is a bus driver. He loves his job and works very hard. He works 8 hours a day, ___1___ 7:00 in the morning to 3:00 in the afternoon, and he is never ___2___ for work. He always goes to ___3___ early and leaves late. He wants people to feel happy, so he ___4___ the bus every day to keep it tidy. He is happy every day and ___5___ says hello to every passenger when they meet. He is very ___6___ and does his best to help others. All the people like him.Today he arrives at a very small bus stop. Usually he doesn’t stop there ___7___ no one gets off or waits at the stop. But one man on the bus tells him that an old woman wants to get on. He quickly stops the bus. The old woman is not far from the stop but she walks very slowly.
So Mike waits for about two ___8___. Then he helps ___9___ to get on the bus and wants to close the door.
“Please wait,” the old woman says. “My mother is ____10____, too!”
B
（2022·甘肃武威·校考一模）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺正确、连贯，每个单词限用一次。（有两项多余）
Once there was a boy called Bobby. His house was ___11___ a river. When Bobby was ___12___, he always went for a walk along the riverside. He always ___13___ what was on the other side of the river. One day when Bobby was ___14___ by the river alone, he noticed a ___15___ tree floating (漂) on the river. Bobby looked at it and thought, “Maybe I can ___16___ on it.” Bobby told his friends about his thought. They were all ___17___. Together they came up with a better idea. They cut the ___18___ and tied (系) them together so that they could have a platform (平台) to sit ___19___.They tried again and again, and at last, their first raft (木筏) was born. With it, Bobby and his friends ____20____ the other side of the river. They found there was another village there. Soon these people welcomed them and talked with them. From then on, Bobby often came to the village. He and the villagers became friends quickly.
C
（2022·新疆吐鲁番·校考一模）
根据短文内容，在每个空格处填写一个适当的词，使文章意思完整且符合逻辑。(每空一词)
One morning, a blind boy sat on the steps of a building with a hat near his feet. He put up a sign which said, “I am blind, please ____21____ me.”There were only a few coins in the hat. A man was ____22____ by. He took out a few coins from his pocket and dropped them into the ____23____. He then took the sign, turned it around, and ____24____ some words on it. He put the sign back so that everyone who walked by could ____25____ the words.
Soon the hat began to fill up with coins. A lot of people were giving ____26____ to the blind boy. The afternoon the man who had changed the sign came to see ____27____ things were. The boy recognized (听出) his footsteps and asked, “Are you the man ____28____ changed my sign in the morning What did you write ”
The man said, “I only wrote the truth. I said what you said, but in a ____29____ way.” What he had written was, “Today is a beautiful day, ____30____ I cannot see it.”
D
（2022·吉林·模拟预测）
A rich man had only one son. His son made friends ___31___ some bad boys. What is worse, he developed a lot of bad habits. The man was very ___32___ about the bad habits of his son. He tried different ways to make him give up the bad habits. ___33___, he never succeeded. One day, he thought of an idea to teach his son a lesson. He went to the supermarket and bought some ___34___ apples and a rotten (腐烂的) one. He went back home and asked his son to put all the apples in one ___35___. The son did as he was told.
After a few days, the father asked his son to fetch an apple for him. When the son ___36___ the bag, he was surprised to see that ___37___ the apples had become rotten.
The father told the son to see how one rotten apple had spoiled all the rest. In the ___38___ way, one bad man could spoil his friends and one bad ___39___ could destroy one person. Hearing this, the son decided to give up his bad habits and ____40____ his bad friends.
E
（2022·江西南昌·校考一模）
请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
I am sure you all know how important recycling is. To recycle is to collect and treat litter to produce useful materials which can be used again. Although it takes energy ____41____, it is actually worth doing it. Do you know ____42____ it all works Collecting things that can be recycled is the first step you have to do. Only some ____43____ can be recycled. They ____44____ things made out of paper, metal, cardboard, glass and plastic. Can you think of everyday things made out of these materials Soda cans are a good ____45____. They are made out of metal. Magazines and newspapers are made out of paper. Some bottles of juice are made out glass.
Let’s get back to the ____46____ of recycling. Once you put all your things in a recycling bin, a truck comes to pick ____47____ up. Everything goes to a recycling company（公司）. There, these materials are reused to make ____48____ products.
Now let’s take a closer look at how old paper is changed. First, the old paper is made into ____49____ pieces. Then a special kind of water with chemicals（化学制品）is poured into them. ____50____, new paper is created! There are things written on the old paper, ____51____ they can’t be seen through this way.
Recycling keeps our planet healthy. It reduces（减少）waste. It also saves energy. You can take advantage of it to save the planet. So just remember the rule: always recycle your things.
come friend late always because minutes work clean her from
wondered, walking, free, travel, excited, fallen, under, wood, on, reached, near, arrived
differently that money help how read but hat walk write
A．same B．bag C．with D．But E. However F. opened
G. fresh H. different I. all J. leave K. habit L. worried
tiny finally recycle include process them new how material example but
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