中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题08 短文填空题解题技巧
备考2023年中考英语二轮题型解读与技巧点拨
题型概述
短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是15分，分为10个小题，每小题1.5分，占整份英语试题分值的12.5%（15/120）。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空（一般一行或一句一个空，首句不设空），要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词（不能填数字）。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。
该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词的词形变化。此处重点介绍在短文填空中常考的名词和动词的词形变化。
解题步骤
1.略读全文，掌握大意。
短文填空与完形填空一样，属于障碍性阅读，但它的难度比完形填空还要高，因为完形填空有四个备选答案，而短文填空没有提供备选答案，要求考生既能想得到答案，还要写得对单词。所以在解题时，先略读全文，对全文有个大概了解。
2.运用所学知识和技巧，逐项填空，先易后难。
在读完一遍之后，对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧，根据文章的大意，逐个填空。易的先填，难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。
3.核对答案。
全部题目完成后，再复读一遍，核查答案。（1）检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。（2）检查名词要注意单复数。（3）检查形容词和副词的三个级别。（4）检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。（5）检查上下文的连贯性，以及所填词是否符合逻辑。
方法技巧
技巧一：.寻“宝”推理法
与完形填空的寻“宝”推理法一样，就是在从上下文中找到相关的“宝”（信息点），通过逻辑推理，从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如：
【典例】 It was a fine day last Sunday. John went to Tianlong supermarket to do some （1） alone. Because it was a little far away from his home, he （2） his car there. Soon he got there and found room for his car. He parked his car and went into the （3） to buy the things he needed. Twenty minutes later, he finished shopping. He was very happy he could （4） shopping in less than half an hour. At last he took the things slowly back to the car park. What a good day he had!
【分析】：
（1）A. 上下寻宝：从下文（倒数第二行）可寻到“宝”：“he could finish shopping in less...”。
B． 判定答案：把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填shopping。
C． 检查复核：shopping此处是不可数名词，不用+s。
（2）A. 上下寻宝：从下文（本空的后一句）可寻到“宝”：“Soon he got …for his car”。B. 判定答案：经过逻辑推理，只有开车去超市，才要找停车位，故确定答案填drive。C. 检查复核：drive是动词。上半句动词用was为过去时，所以本空也要用过去时“drove”。
（3）A. 上下寻宝：从上文（第一行第二句）可寻到“宝”：“Tianlong supermarket”。B. 判定答案: 把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填supermarket。C. 检查复核：supermarket此处是可数名词，但此处没有复数的概念，不用+s。
技巧二：. 搭配法
根据短语，句型以及习惯用语的常用搭配来填词的方法。如：
【典例】 With the environment becoming worse and worse, more and more people realize the importance of protecting the environment. But there are still some people paying less （1） to it. They are still doing something harmful to the environment.Last Sunday I went to the Plant Garden to enjoy （2） . When I stepped into the gate of the garden, I felt comfortable at first because I could breathe the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful flowers and trees.
But to my （3） , I saw a man lying in a sleep net hanging （4） two trees. I thought this kind of behavior would hurt the trees. How could he make money by hurting the trees like this Without trees, how could we get the fresh air I don’t know how to express my anger. I think （5） is our duty to protect the environment. So something must be done to stop this kind of behavior.
【分析】：
（1）A. 寻找搭配：从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配：“pay attention to”。B. 判定答案：由搭配可知，此处填attention一词。C. 检查复核：attention代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且attention是不可数名词，不用+s。
（2）A. 寻找搭配：从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配：“enjoy oneself”。B. 判定答案：由搭配可知，此处缺了oneself一词。前面是I，所以此处填myself。C. 检查复核：myself代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且myself没有词形变化。
技巧三：.前后关系判断法
根据所填空的前后部分之间的关系来填词的方法。
【典例】：At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. We call the day “Volunteer Day”. On that day, we often go to the old people’s home （1） help them do the housework. The old people were very happy （2） every year we organize this kind of activities several times. （3） we don’t do much for them, they were thankful to us. They were lonely, they needed people to visit them often and chatted with them. （4） every one can do something for the lonely old people, they will be happier.
【分析】：
A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we often go tothe old people’s home”。第二部分 “help them do the housework”.B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案: 两部分之间是并列关系，要填and；或者第二部分 “help themdo the housework”是“we often go to the oldpeople’s home”的目的。要填to。C. 检查复核：and或to代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填and 或to。
（2）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“the old people were very happy”。第二部分 “every year we organize this kind of activities several times”.根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：老人们很高兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两部分之间是因果关系，此处要填表原因的词because。C. 检查复核：because代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。
（3）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we don’t do much for them”。第二部分 “they were thankful to us”.B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：虽然我们为他们做的不多，但是他们对我们很感激。两部分之间是转折关系，故要填Though. C. 检查复核：Though代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填Though。
（4）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“every one can do something for the lonely old people”。第二部分 “they will be happier”.B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案: 如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情，他们就会更高兴。所以两部分之间是条件关系，要填If。C. 检查复核：If代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。
【强化练习】
A
（2022·广东惠州·统考一模）
请用适当的词完成下面的短文。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table. When I was still little, my whole family would get together on different traditional ____1____ to have dinner. We kids would be sitting around or playing hide-and-seek under the table while the grown-ups were having a discussion.
When I got a bit older, my aunt ___2___ back her boyfriend. And my grandma cheerfully added another seat ____3____ the round table. It seemed a little more crowded, but we all felt much ____4____ to each other. When I was twelve, my grandpa passed away. That made us ____5____ very sad. However, when the whole family got together once again, we all agreed that his chair, his bowl and his chopsticks should remain the same. Even though his seat was ____6____, we all felt like that he had never left us.
We all have a table like this in ____7____ homes. It’s a sign of reunion of our family showing our feelings. ____8____ the reasons why we come together may be different, the feelings behind them are the same. Usually different cultures are accepted by us around the ____9____. What’s more, we express the love not only for our family, but also for a community, our nation and even the whole world.
The history of our nation has been the stories of looking for or running to the round table ____10____ we belong to. The round table has been a symbol of the Chinese feelings. It was, it is and will always be.
【答案】
festivals 2．brought 3．to 4．closer 5．feel
6．empty 7．our 8．Although##Though 9．table 10．which##that
【导语】本文主要讲了作者一家围在圆桌旁的美好回忆，体现了圆桌的价值，它是中国人情感的象征。
1．句意：当我还小的时候，我们全家会在不同的传统节日聚在一起吃晚饭。根据“...on different traditional...”可知，此处指不同的传统节日，festival意为“节日”，是可数名词，不同的节日说明不止一个，所以应填复数形式。故填festivals。
2．句意：当我长大一点时，我阿姨把她的男朋友带回来了。根据“my aunt...back her boyfriend.”可知，此处为动词短语bring back“带回”，此句为一般过去时态，故用动词过去式brought。故填brought。
3．句意：我奶奶高兴地在圆桌旁又添了一个座位。根据“added another seat...the round table.”可知，此处是add...to...“把……加到……上”，动词短语。故填to。
4．句意：看起来有点拥挤，但我们都觉得彼此更亲近了。根据“a little more crowded, but we all felt much...”可知，此处指更亲近了，应用形容词比较级。close“亲近的”，其比较级为closer。故填closer。
5．句意：那使我们感到非常难过。根据“...very sad”可知，此处表示感到非常难过，应用感官动词feel“感觉到”，“made”后接不带to的不定式作宾补。故填feel。
6．句意：尽管他的座位是空的，但我们都觉得他从未离开过我们。根据“When I was twelve, my grandpa passed away.”可知，爷爷去世了，所以他的座位是空的。empty“空的”，形容词作表语。故填empty。
7．句意：我们家里都有这样的桌子。根据“We...in...homes.”可知，此处指在我们的家里，应用形容词性物主代词our“我们的”。故填our。
8．句意：虽然我们聚到一起的原因可能不同，但背后的感受是一样的。根据“...the reasons why we come together may be different, the feelings behind them are the same.”可知，此处表示“虽然”，应用although或though引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Although/Though。
9．句意：通常，我们在餐桌旁接受不同的文化。根据“around the...”可知，此处指在餐桌旁，table“餐桌”，around the table“在餐桌旁”，介词短语。故填table。
10．句意：我们国家的历史就是寻找或奔向我们所属的圆桌的故事。根据“...the round table...we belong to.”可知，此处为定语从句，先行词是物，关系代词可用which或that。故填which/that。
B
（2022·重庆渝北·统考模拟预测）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
For students, exams are an important part in their learning life. It is natural to feel a little nervous about exams, especially when you’re under pressure (压力) from school or family. However, too much exam pressure can ____11____you to feel upset, and this might infuence your sleeping and eating habits.
If you have any of these feelings and are worried that your exam pessure is strong, you are not ____12____. After all, according to a recent study, 54% of the students aged 13-18 in Asia are experiencing pressure when facing exams. Luckily, ____13____is something you can do.
Firstly, let your friends and family know if you’re having a hard time and feeling bad, so they can be there to offer a listening ear and encourage you. You don’t have to go through this all by yourself. Keeping it to yourself will only make things even ____14____, so don’t be afraid to open up.
Secondly, think about all the support you need, and be honest with yourself about it. You are allowed to ask for help. Tell your ____15____about your worries. They can give you some helpful advice ____16____they may have talked to lots of students with similar worries before.
One more thing you can do is to be kind to ____17____. It can be helpful to write a list of things you have achieved so far, and you can also write down what other people like ____18____you. Treating yourself kindly is helpful.
If you follow the advice above, I’m sure you will feel much better when exams come.
【答案】11．cause 12．alone 13．here 14．worse 15．teachers 16．because 17．yourself 18．about
【导语】本文主要对考试压力提出了一些建议。
11．句意：然而，太多的考试压力会让你感到不安，这可能会影响你的睡眠和饮食习惯。由句中“you to feel upset”可知，此句是说太多的考试压力会让你感觉不安，cause sb. to do sth.“导致某人做某事”，故填cause。
12．句意：如果你有以上任何一种感觉，并且担心考试压力太大，那么你并不孤单。由后文“After all, according to a recent study, 54% of the students aged 13-18 in Asia are experiencing pressure when facing exams.”可知，此句是说并不是你一个人感觉考试压力大，多数亚洲学生都有这种感觉。alone“孤单的，单独的”，故填alone。
13．句意：幸运的是，这里有一些你可以做的事情。由句中“something you can do”可知，此句是说这有一些可以做的事情，此处用here引导倒装句，故填here。
14．句意：憋在心里只会让事情变得更糟，所以不要害怕敞开心扉。由句中“so don’t be afraid to open up”可知，此句是说憋在心里会更糟糕。worse“更糟糕的”，比较级，句中“even”用于比较级前表示程度，故填worse。
15．句意：告诉你的老师你的担忧。由下文“they may have talked to lots of students...”可知，此句是说告诉老师你的担忧，故填teachers。
16．句意：他们可以给你一些有用的建议，因为他们以前可能和很多有类似担忧的学生交谈过。前句“They can give you some helpful advice”和后句“they may have talked to lots of students with similar worries before”构成因果关系，后句表示原因，应连词because引导原因状语从句，故填because。
17．句意：你还能做的一件事就是善待自己。由句中“It can be helpful to write a list of things you have achieved so far”可知，此句是说做一件善待自己的事情。由句中“you”知此处用反身代词yourself，意为“你自己”，故填yourself。
18．句意：把你到目前为止所取得的成就列一个清单会很有帮助，你也可以写下别人喜欢你的地方。由句中“write down what other people like...”可知，此句是说写下别人喜欢你的地方，about“关于”，故填about。
C
（2022·广东湛江·统考模拟预测）
请用适当的词完成下面这篇短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Oliver Twist is one of the most famous stories of Charles Dickens. Set in the nineteenth century, it is about a boy called Oliver ___19___ finds himself alone in the world. He lives in a special house for poor people and always has ___20___ empty stomach. One day, he asks ___21___ more food and gets into trouble!
Later, Oliver runs ___22___ from the house to London. There he meets some boys. These boys teach Oliver to steal money and other things, though Oliver does not want to ___23___ he is a good child. After going through many difficulties, Oliver is ___24___ home by a kind old man. In the end, Oliver discovers that the kind man is a relative of ___25___, and he goes to live with him in the city. There are many ___26___ why Oliver Twist is so popular. There are a lot of actions in the book, and it is also very humorous. The writer was also very ___27___ at writing about the everyday lives of poor children in London in the nineteenth century—his book made people ___28___ more about the problems of poor children.
【答案】
who##that 20．an 21．for 22．away 23．because##since##as##for
24．taken 25．his 26．reasons 27．good 28．care##think##worry
【导语】本文主要介绍了文学名著《雾都孤儿》的故事大意和深受读者欢迎的原因。
19．句意：故事发生在19世纪，讲述了一个名叫奥利弗的男孩发现自己在这个世界上孤独一人的故事。此处是定语从句，先行词boy是指人，在从句中作主语，应用who或者that引导定语从句，故填who/that。
20．句意：他住在一所专为穷人准备的房子里，总是饿着肚子。此处表示“饿着肚子”，空格处表泛指，empty是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
21．句意：有一天，他要求更多的食物，并陷入了麻烦。ask for“要求”，固定搭配，故填for。
22．句意：后来，奥利弗从家里逃到了伦敦。run away from“逃离”，固定搭配，故填away。
23．句意：这些男孩教奥利弗偷钱和其他东西，尽管奥利弗不愿意这样做，因为他是一个好孩子。“though Oliver does not want to”与“he is a good child”是因果关系，空格后是解释不愿意这样做的原因，because/since/as/for表示“因为，由于”，故填because/since/as/for。
24．句意：在经历了许多困难之后，奥利弗被一位善良的老人带回家。根据“home by a kind old man”可知，被一位善良的老人带回家，take“带走”，is与过去分词构成被动语态，故填taken。
25．句意：最后，奥利弗发现这个善良的人是他的亲戚。根据“Oliver discovers that the kind man is a relative of”可知，发现是他的亲戚，a+名词+of+名词性物主代词，是双重所有格结构，故填his。
26．句意：《雾都孤儿》如此受欢迎的原因有很多。根据“There are many … why Oliver Twist is so popular.”可知，受欢迎的原因有许多，reason“原因”，many修饰名词的复数形式，故填reasons。
27．句意：这位作家还非常擅长描写19世纪伦敦贫困儿童的日常生活——他的书让人们更加关心贫困儿童的问题。根据“The writer was also very …at writing about the everyday lives of poor children”可知，此处指擅长描述贫困儿童的日常生活，be good at“擅长”，故填good。
28．句意：这位作家还非常擅长描写19世纪伦敦贫困儿童的日常生活——他的书让人们更加关心贫困儿童的问题。根据“his book made people … more about the problems of poor children”可知，让人们多关注，关心贫困儿童，care about“关心”；think about“考虑”；worry about“担心”，make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填care/think/worry。
D
（2022·湖南岳阳·校联考二模）
根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
After the trip for the Yangtze River Economic Belt(长江经济带), President Xi Jinping trusted the government of Yueyang with the task of protecting the river.
Since then, Yueyang has worked hard to improve the environment by closing ____29____ polluting factories and starting green projects. Meanwhile, Yueyang has set a good example of green development along the Yangtze River.
____30____ to the government and all the hard-working people, we can see beautiful green trees on both sides of the Yangtze River. There are also enjoyable places ____31____ of factories around Dongting Lake for local people to relax and exercise.
We ____32____ up along the beautiful river. It is our duty to protect our mother river. We are ____33____ to keep the sense of protecting in mind all the time. ____34____ we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a ____35____ to the environment.
Here is some ____36____ for us to follow. First, We could reuse water. When we finish washing the clothes, we can use the water to clean the floor. Second, we should make good ____37____ of paper. For example, we can give _____38_____ our used textbook to other students. Last, we may use fewer plastic bags by using our own bags. Let’s take action now!
【答案】
down 30．Thanks 31．instead 32．grow 33．supposed##expected 34．Though##Although
35．difference 36．advice 37．use 38．away
【导语】本文介绍了岳阳市政府保护江河的措施，提倡大家都要保护好母亲河，并且给出了一些建议。
29．句意：从那时起，岳阳就通过关闭污染工厂和启动绿色项目来努力改善环境。根据“improve the environment by closing…polluting factories and starting green projects”可知，是通过关闭污染工厂和启动绿色项目来改善环境，close down“关闭”。故填down。
30．句意：由于政府和所有勤劳的人民，我们可以看到美丽的绿树在长江两岸。根据“Yueyang has worked hard to improve the environment by closing…polluting factories and starting green projects.”可知，由于政府和所有勤劳的人民的努力，才能看到美丽的绿树。thanks to“由于”，句首单词首字母大写，故填Thanks。
31．句意：洞庭湖周围也有令人愉快的地方，而不是工厂，让当地人放松和锻炼。根据“Yueyang has worked hard to improve the environment by closing…polluting factories and starting green projects.”可知，岳阳政府关闭了污染工厂，因此是令人愉快的地方而不是工厂，instead of“而不是”，故填instead。
32．句意：我们在美丽的河边长大。根据后句“It is our duty to protect our mother river.”结合本段时态可知，该句使用一般现在时，主语是we，谓语动词使用动词原形，我们在河边长大，有义务保护这里。grow up“长大”。故填grow。
33．句意：我们应该时刻保持保护的意识。根据“It is our duty to protect our mother river.”可知，保护母亲河是我们的责任，所以应该时刻保持着保护的意识，或是被期待着保持着保护的意识。be supposed to“应该”；be expected to do sth“被期待着做某事”。故填supposed/expected。
34．句意：虽然我们很年轻，我们仍然可以做一些事情来帮助。根据“we are young, we can still do something to help.”可知，前后两句之间是让步关系，表示“虽然”，句首单词首字母大写，Though/Although“虽然”，故填Though/Although。
35．句意：事实上，即使是最简单的日常活动也会对环境产生影响。根据a可知，空处填写可数名词单数，根据“even the simplest everyday activities can make a…to the environment.”可知，最简单的活动也会对环境产生影响，make a difference“有影响”，故填difference。
36．句意：这里有一些建议供我们遵循。根据本段后面的内容可知，都是一些建议，advice“建议”，不可数名词，故填advice。
37．句意：第二，我们应该充分利用纸张。本段讲述的是保护环境的建议，所以该句说明的是“充分利用纸张”，make use of“利用”，故填use。
38．句意：例如，我们可以把用过的课本送给其他学生。根据“we should make good use of paper.”可知，要充分利用纸张，所以可以把用过的课本给其他学生，give away“赠送”，故填away。
E
（2022·广东中山·校考一模）
请阅读下面这篇文章，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡上对应题目的答题位置。
How would we travel without maps It would be a bit adventurous(冒险的) to set off from Oxford University to London Bridge ____39____ there wasn’t a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of early map makers were adventures and explorers, especially ____40____ the 15th century and the 16th century.
So what did people do before there were maps Well, it was quite easy to ____41____ natural signs like mountains and rivers. And it was ____42____ more logical to use time, not distance, to measure journey: the next village is ____43____ three-hour-ride, for example.
In the earliest maps,people didn’t draw landmarks but the stars.It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行).The sky was a lot clearer ____44____ the pollution. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps ____45____ gave correct distance and directions.
The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man ____46____ Henry Beck realized that traveling by train wasn’t the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. At first, his new design for the underground map didn’t ____47____ the train companies, but the passengers loved it.
These days, of course, you can ride a bike, _____48_____ a car or walk through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It’s really difficult to get lost!
【答案】
39．if 40．in 41．use 42．much##far##even##rather#still
43．a 44．before 45．which##that 46．called##named 47．satisfy 48．drive
【导语】文章主要介绍了在地图出现之前人们出门旅行不是按照距离而是按照时间来计算。并且介绍了最早的地图以及英国地铁地图的设计。
39．句意：如果每个车站都没有伦敦地铁的地图，从牛津大学出发去伦敦桥就有点冒险了。根据“It would be a bit adventurous to set off from Oxford University to London Bridge”和“there wasn’t a map of the London Underground at each station.”可知，主句为过去将来时，从句为一般过去时，故用if“如果”来引导条件状语从句。故填if。
40．句意：事实上，许多早期的地图制作者都是冒险家和探险家，特别是在15世纪和16世纪。根据“the 15th century and the 16th century.”可知，空处填写介词in，in+世纪表示在……世纪。故填in。
41．句意：当然，用山和河这样的自然符号很容易。根据后文“use time”可知，空缺处填写use“使用”，表示使用自然符号，前有to表示不定式，故用动词原形。故填use。
42．句意：而且，用时间而不是距离来衡量旅程要合乎逻辑得多：例如，下一个村庄有三个小时的车程。根据“more logical”可知，空处填写形容词比较级的修饰词，表示合乎逻辑的多用much/far/even/rather/still修饰。故填much/far/even/rather/still。
43．句意：而且，用时间而不是距离来衡量旅程要合乎逻辑得多：例如，下一个村庄有三个小时的车程。根据“three-hour-ride”可知，前需要不定冠词修饰表示泛指，three为辅音音素开头，故填a。
44．句意：在污染之前，天空要晴朗的多。根据前文“a lot clearer”可知，是比现在要晴朗，即在现在的污染之前要更加晴朗，故填before。
45．句意：当城镇建成时，人们绘制的道路地图给出了正确的距离和方向。根据“road maps”和“gave correct distance and direction”可知，后文是定语从句，先行词为“road maps”，为事物，故填which/that。
46．句意：但一位名叫亨利·贝克的人意识到，坐火车旅行和开车穿越伦敦不是一回事。根据“a man”和“Henry Beck”可知，是一个叫亨利·贝克的人，被叫做可以表达为named和called。故填called/named。
47．句意：起初，他的新地铁地图设计没有使火车公司满意，但乘客们很喜欢。根据“didn’t”可知，空处缺少动词，并填写动词原形。结合“but the passengers loved it.”可知，一开始他的地图满意让火车公司满意。故填satisfy。
48．句意：当然，现在你可以骑自行车、开车或穿过森林，通过GPS知道自己的确切位置。根据“ride a bike”和“a car”可知，空处填写动词开车drive，情态动词后填动词原形。故填drive。
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专题08 短文填空题解题技巧
备考2023年中考英语二轮题型解读与技巧点拨
题型概述
短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是15分，分为10个小题，每小题1.5分，占整份英语试题分值的12.5%（15/120）。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空（一般一行或一句一个空，首句不设空），要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词（不能填数字）。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。
该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词的词形变化。此处重点介绍在短文填空中常考的名词和动词的词形变化。
解题步骤
1.略读全文，掌握大意。
短文填空与完形填空一样，属于障碍性阅读，但它的难度比完形填空还要高，因为完形填空有四个备选答案，而短文填空没有提供备选答案，要求考生既能想得到答案，还要写得对单词。所以在解题时，先略读全文，对全文有个大概了解。
2.运用所学知识和技巧，逐项填空，先易后难。
在读完一遍之后，对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧，根据文章的大意，逐个填空。易的先填，难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。
3.核对答案。
全部题目完成后，再复读一遍，核查答案。（1）检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。（2）检查名词要注意单复数。（3）检查形容词和副词的三个级别。（4）检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。（5）检查上下文的连贯性，以及所填词是否符合逻辑。
方法技巧
技巧一：.寻“宝”推理法
与完形填空的寻“宝”推理法一样，就是在从上下文中找到相关的“宝”（信息点），通过逻辑推理，从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如：
【典例】 It was a fine day last Sunday. John went to Tianlong supermarket to do some （1） alone. Because it was a little far away from his home, he （2） his car there. Soon he got there and found room for his car. He parked his car and went into the （3） to buy the things he needed. Twenty minutes later, he finished shopping. He was very happy he could （4） shopping in less than half an hour. At last he took the things slowly back to the car park. What a good day he had!
【分析】：
（1）A. 上下寻宝：从下文（倒数第二行）可寻到“宝”：“he could finish shopping in less...”。
B． 判定答案：把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填shopping。
C． 检查复核：shopping此处是不可数名词，不用+s。
（2）A. 上下寻宝：从下文（本空的后一句）可寻到“宝”：“Soon he got …for his car”。B. 判定答案：经过逻辑推理，只有开车去超市，才要找停车位，故确定答案填drive。C. 检查复核：drive是动词。上半句动词用was为过去时，所以本空也要用过去时“drove”。
（3）A. 上下寻宝：从上文（第一行第二句）可寻到“宝”：“Tianlong supermarket”。B. 判定答案: 把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填supermarket。C. 检查复核：supermarket此处是可数名词，但此处没有复数的概念，不用+s。
技巧二：. 搭配法
根据短语，句型以及习惯用语的常用搭配来填词的方法。如：
【典例】 With the environment becoming worse and worse, more and more people realize the importance of protecting the environment. But there are still some people paying less （1） to it. They are still doing something harmful to the environment.Last Sunday I went to the Plant Garden to enjoy （2） . When I stepped into the gate of the garden, I felt comfortable at first because I could breathe the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful flowers and trees.
But to my （3） , I saw a man lying in a sleep net hanging （4） two trees. I thought this kind of behavior would hurt the trees. How could he make money by hurting the trees like this Without trees, how could we get the fresh air I don’t know how to express my anger. I think （5） is our duty to protect the environment. So something must be done to stop this kind of behavior.
【分析】：
（1）A. 寻找搭配：从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配：“pay attention to”。B. 判定答案：由搭配可知，此处填attention一词。C. 检查复核：attention代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且attention是不可数名词，不用+s。
（2）A. 寻找搭配：从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配：“enjoy oneself”。B. 判定答案：由搭配可知，此处缺了oneself一词。前面是I，所以此处填myself。C. 检查复核：myself代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且myself没有词形变化。
技巧三：.前后关系判断法
根据所填空的前后部分之间的关系来填词的方法。
【典例】：At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. We call the day “Volunteer Day”. On that day, we often go to the old people’s home （1） help them do the housework. The old people were very happy （2） every year we organize this kind of activities several times. （3） we don’t do much for them, they were thankful to us. They were lonely, they needed people to visit them often and chatted with them. （4） every one can do something for the lonely old people, they will be happier.
【分析】：
A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we often go tothe old people’s home”。第二部分 “help them do the housework”.B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案: 两部分之间是并列关系，要填and；或者第二部分 “help themdo the housework”是“we often go to the oldpeople’s home”的目的。要填to。C. 检查复核：and或to代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填and 或to。
（2）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“the old people were very happy”。第二部分 “every year we organize this kind of activities several times”.根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：老人们很高兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两部分之间是因果关系，此处要填表原因的词because。C. 检查复核：because代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。
（3）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we don’t do much for them”。第二部分 “they were thankful to us”.B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：虽然我们为他们做的不多，但是他们对我们很感激。两部分之间是转折关系，故要填Though. C. 检查复核：Though代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填Though。
（4）A. 分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“every one can do something for the lonely old people”。第二部分 “they will be happier”.B. 根据两部分之间关系，判定答案: 如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情，他们就会更高兴。所以两部分之间是条件关系，要填If。C. 检查复核：If代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。
【强化练习】
A
（2022·广东惠州·统考一模）
请用适当的词完成下面的短文。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table. When I was still little, my whole family would get together on different traditional ____1____ to have dinner. We kids would be sitting around or playing hide-and-seek under the table while the grown-ups were having a discussion.
When I got a bit older, my aunt ___2___ back her boyfriend. And my grandma cheerfully added another seat ____3____ the round table. It seemed a little more crowded, but we all felt much ____4____ to each other. When I was twelve, my grandpa passed away. That made us ____5____ very sad. However, when the whole family got together once again, we all agreed that his chair, his bowl and his chopsticks should remain the same. Even though his seat was ____6____, we all felt like that he had never left us.
We all have a table like this in ____7____ homes. It’s a sign of reunion of our family showing our feelings. ____8____ the reasons why we come together may be different, the feelings behind them are the same. Usually different cultures are accepted by us around the ____9____. What’s more, we express the love not only for our family, but also for a community, our nation and even the whole world.
The history of our nation has been the stories of looking for or running to the round table ____10____ we belong to. The round table has been a symbol of the Chinese feelings. It was, it is and will always be.
B
（2022·重庆渝北·统考模拟预测）
根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
For students, exams are an important part in their learning life. It is natural to feel a little nervous about exams, especially when you’re under pressure (压力) from school or family. However, too much exam pressure can ____11____you to feel upset, and this might infuence your sleeping and eating habits.
If you have any of these feelings and are worried that your exam pessure is strong, you are not ____12____. After all, according to a recent study, 54% of the students aged 13-18 in Asia are experiencing pressure when facing exams. Luckily, ____13____is something you can do.
Firstly, let your friends and family know if you’re having a hard time and feeling bad, so they can be there to offer a listening ear and encourage you. You don’t have to go through this all by yourself. Keeping it to yourself will only make things even ____14____, so don’t be afraid to open up.
Secondly, think about all the support you need, and be honest with yourself about it. You are allowed to ask for help. Tell your ____15____about your worries. They can give you some helpful advice ____16____they may have talked to lots of students with similar worries before.
One more thing you can do is to be kind to ____17____. It can be helpful to write a list of things you have achieved so far, and you can also write down what other people like ____18____you. Treating yourself kindly is helpful.
If you follow the advice above, I’m sure you will feel much better when exams come.
C
（2022·广东湛江·统考模拟预测）
请用适当的词完成下面这篇短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Oliver Twist is one of the most famous stories of Charles Dickens. Set in the nineteenth century, it is about a boy called Oliver ___19___ finds himself alone in the world. He lives in a special house for poor people and always has ___20___ empty stomach. One day, he asks ___21___ more food and gets into trouble!
Later, Oliver runs ___22___ from the house to London. There he meets some boys. These boys teach Oliver to steal money and other things, though Oliver does not want to ___23___ he is a good child. After going through many difficulties, Oliver is ___24___ home by a kind old man. In the end, Oliver discovers that the kind man is a relative of ___25___, and he goes to live with him in the city. There are many ___26___ why Oliver Twist is so popular. There are a lot of actions in the book, and it is also very humorous. The writer was also very ___27___ at writing about the everyday lives of poor children in London in the nineteenth century—his book made people ___28___ more about the problems of poor children.
D
（2022·湖南岳阳·校联考二模）
根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
After the trip for the Yangtze River Economic Belt(长江经济带), President Xi Jinping trusted the government of Yueyang with the task of protecting the river.
Since then, Yueyang has worked hard to improve the environment by closing ____29____ polluting factories and starting green projects. Meanwhile, Yueyang has set a good example of green development along the Yangtze River.
____30____ to the government and all the hard-working people, we can see beautiful green trees on both sides of the Yangtze River. There are also enjoyable places ____31____ of factories around Dongting Lake for local people to relax and exercise.
We ____32____ up along the beautiful river. It is our duty to protect our mother river. We are ____33____ to keep the sense of protecting in mind all the time. ____34____ we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a ____35____ to the environment.
Here is some ____36____ for us to follow. First, We could reuse water. When we finish washing the clothes, we can use the water to clean the floor. Second, we should make good ____37____ of paper. For example, we can give _____38_____ our used textbook to other students. Last, we may use fewer plastic bags by using our own bags. Let’s take action now!
E
（2022·广东中山·校考一模）
请阅读下面这篇文章，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡上对应题目的答题位置。
How would we travel without maps It would be a bit adventurous(冒险的) to set off from Oxford University to London Bridge ____39____ there wasn’t a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of early map makers were adventures and explorers, especially ____40____ the 15th century and the 16th century.
So what did people do before there were maps Well, it was quite easy to ____41____ natural signs like mountains and rivers. And it was ____42____ more logical to use time, not distance, to measure journey: the next village is ____43____ three-hour-ride, for example.
In the earliest maps,people didn’t draw landmarks but the stars.It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行).The sky was a lot clearer ____44____ the pollution. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps ____45____ gave correct distance and directions.
The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man ____46____ Henry Beck realized that traveling by train wasn’t the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. At first, his new design for the underground map didn’t ____47____ the train companies, but the passengers loved it.
These days, of course, you can ride a bike, _____48_____ a car or walk through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It’s really difficult to get lost!
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